made in illinois: technological intensity in the manufacturing sector

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Brian Harger, M.S., EDFP February, 2016

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Page 1: Made in Illinois: Technological Intensity in the Manufacturing Sector

Brian Harger, M.S., EDFPFebruary, 2016

Page 2: Made in Illinois: Technological Intensity in the Manufacturing Sector

Background

• As manufacturing has become more automated and capital intensive, competitiveness will become a matter of how nimble, innovative and technologically advanced a company and its industry is.

• From a single firm’s perspective, gaining an edge on the competition requires being more efficient, being more productive, innovating products and processes, and investing in new technology and high‐skilled employees.

• For a regional economy, maintaining a competitive edge in a global economy requires an aggregation of competitive firms and industries.

• Regional competitiveness can be measured by the proportion of its employment or output in more highly technological manufacturing industries.

• This presentation explores recent trends in Illinois manufacturing based on technological intensity. 

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Page 3: Made in Illinois: Technological Intensity in the Manufacturing Sector

Manufacturing Industries by Technological Intensity

• The Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) classifies industries based on the level of technology used or produced.

• Technological intensity is measured by an industry’s expenditures on research and development (R&D) as a share of the total value of production. 

• Industries that invest more of their revenue into R&D are likely to be innovative, create new products or processes, and be more competitive as a result.

• Manufacturing industries are categorized into four groups: high technology, medium‐high technology, medium‐low technology and low technology.

High Technology IndustriesAircraft and spacecraftPharmaceuticalsOffice, accounting and computing machineryRadio, TV and communications equipmentMedical, precision and optical instruments

Medium‐High Technology IndustriesElectrical machinery and apparatus, n.e.c.Motor vehicles, trailers and semi‐trailersChemicals excluding pharmaceuticalsRailroad equipment and transport equipment, n.e.c.Machinery and equipment, n.e.c.

Medium‐Low Technology IndustriesBuilding and repairing of ships and boatsRubber and plastics productsCoke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuelOther non‐metallic mineral productsBasic metals and fabricated metal products

Low Technology IndustriesManufacturing, n.e.c.; RecyclingWood, pulp, paper, paper products, printing and publishingFood products, beverages and tobaccoTextiles, textile products, leather and footwear

Source: OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry, ISIC Rev. 3 Technology Intensity Definition, 2011.

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Page 4: Made in Illinois: Technological Intensity in the Manufacturing Sector

Manufacturing Employment By Technological Intensity, Illinois (2000 and 2014)

• Region’s with more high technology and medium‐high technology industries are better able to compete globally, win new markets and create better paying jobs.

• Manufacturing employment in Illinois is more concentrated in medium‐high technology and medium‐low technology industries, reflecting traditional strengths in metal fabrication, industrial machinery, motor vehicles and agricultural and construction equipment.

• Illinois’ share of manufacturing employment in high technology industries declined from 14.1% in 2000 to 13.4% in 2014, well below the U.S. average (20.5%), as well as several surrounding States.

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25.4%

26.8%

30.8%

30.2%

28.2%

28.6%

14.2%

13.4%

2000

2014

Share of Total Illinois Manufacturing Employment

Low Technology Industries Medium‐Low Technology Industries

Medium‐High Technology Industries High Technology Industries

Source: OECD, 2011; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (CEW), 2015.

Page 5: Made in Illinois: Technological Intensity in the Manufacturing Sector

High Technology Manufacturing Employment By NAICS Industry Sector, Illinois

• Pharmaceutical and medicines, electronic instruments and medical equipment and supplies dominate Illinois’ high technology manufacturing employment.

• Medical equipment and supplies and household and institutional furniture manufacturing are gaining both in employment concentration and competitive share*.

• The aerospace industry, though small, is the only one experiencing both net job growth and positive competitive share.

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NAICS Description 2014 Jobs 2014 LQ CS*

3254 Pharmaceutical and medicines mfg. 18,436 1.6 ‐1,772

3341 Computer and peripheral equipment mfg. 1,168 0.2 ‐1,580

3342 Communications equipment mfg. 4,883 1.2 ‐2,025

3343 Audio and video equipment mfg. 1,483 1.8 541

3344 Semiconductor and electronic component mfg. 10,090 0.6 ‐205

3345 Electronic instrument mfg. 13,119 0.8 ‐3,153

3346 Magnetic media mfg. and reproducing 908 1.3 ‐‐

3364 Aerospace product and parts mfg. 2,891 0.1 238

3371 Household and institutional furniture mfg. 6,040 0.6 739

3372 Office furniture (including fixtures) mfg. 4,956 1.1 ‐208

3379 Other furniture related product mfg. 1,349 0.9 ‐263

3391 Medical equipment and supplies mfg. 12,241 0.9 1,240

*Competitive Share (C.S.) refers to the proportion of job growth attributable to local factor rather than the national economy or industry trends.Source: OECD, 2011; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (CEW), 2015.

Page 6: Made in Illinois: Technological Intensity in the Manufacturing Sector

Employment Trends of High Technology Industries Illinois and Surrounding States

• Illinois ranks second in the region in number of jobs; the presence of high technology industries is relatively weak.

• Concurrent with the decline in share of manufacturing compared to employment, Illinois, along with Kentucky, also had a decline in employment concentration.

• Illinois is more competitive with medium high technology industries which include automotive, industrial machinery and chemical manufacturing.

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MINNESOTA74,0111.7 WISCONSIN

44,3820.6

IOWA23,6270.9

MISSOURI42,6880.9

ILLINOIS77,5640.7

MICHIGAN62,8810.8

KENTUCKY10,7390.3

OHIO65,3120.7

INDIANA80,5201.5

Employment Trends by StateEmployment (2014)

L.Q. (2014)L.Q. Change (2000‐2014)

Source: OECD, 2011; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (CEW), 2015.

Page 7: Made in Illinois: Technological Intensity in the Manufacturing Sector

Value-Added per Employee in Manufacturing By Technology Intensity, Illinois (2000 and 2014)

• High technology manufacturing in Illinois advanced rapidly in productivity between 2000 and 2014.

• The value‐added per worker* grew from $61,546 in 2000 to $180,507 in 2014, but lags behind the U.S. average of $204,234.

• Changes in worker productivity may result from one or more factors:

The level of capital expenditures to purchase more efficient equipment.

Skill level of employees, the amount and type of investment in training and work incentives.

Degree to which work flows are adjusted over time. Size and composition of the work force.

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$180,507

$61,546

$172,358

$100,112

$125,602

$95,355

$111,225

$79,643

20142000

High Technology Industries

Medium‐High Technology Industries

Medium‐Low Technology Industries

Low Technology Industries

Source: OECD, 2011; REMI, 2014. Intensity

Low High* Value‐added equals gross output less those purchased inputs which have been embodied in the value of the product. Value added avoids double counting since products purchased from other establishments are deducted as input costs. 

Page 8: Made in Illinois: Technological Intensity in the Manufacturing Sector

Average Annual Wages in ManufacturingBy Technological Intensity, Illinois (2000 and 2014)

• The levels of R&D in high technologies are associated with higher capital‐to‐labor ratios, thus labor productivity is higher with workers better compensated.

• Employees in Illinois’ high technology manufacturing earned a wage premium of nearly $30,000 on average over all other manufacturing in 2014.

• Real wages in Illinois’ high technology industries grew 43.3% from 2000 to 2014, compared to an increase of 1.8% in low technology industries.

• The increase in real wages in Illinois’ high technology industries was 2.4 times the U.S. average during the same period.

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$81,367

$56,777$60,051

$51,307$49,501

$45,921 $45,474$44,655

20142000

High Technology Industries

Medium‐High Technology Industries

Medium‐Low Technology Industries

Low Technology Industries

Source: OECD, 2011; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (CEW), 2015.Figures are in Constant dollars (2005) Intensity

Low High

Page 9: Made in Illinois: Technological Intensity in the Manufacturing Sector

Wage Trends of High Technology Industries Illinois and Surrounding States

• Missouri’s leading position in the region is based on a single industry: aerospace product and parts manufacturing, which accounts for its relative lower wage L.Q.

• Minnesota’s position is more broadly based on electronic instruments, medical equipment and supplies and household and office furniture and fixtures manufacturing.

• These industries are either well established or emerging in Illinois. Thus, Illinois  should be competitive as a location for future development given its R&D, education and workforce specializations.

MINNESOTA$90,995

1.5 WISCONSIN$66,986

0.6

IOWA$58,626

0.5

MISSOURI$92,034

0.8

ILLINOIS$81,367

0.7

MICHIGAN$56,252

0.6

KENTUCKY$45,917

0.2

OHIO$74,668

0.5INDIANA$62,348

0.7

Wage Trends by StateAve. Ann. Wage (2014)

Ave. Ann. Wage L.Q. (2014)L.Q. Change (2000‐2014)

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Figures are in Constant dollars (2005).Source: OECD, 2011; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (CEW), 2015.

Page 10: Made in Illinois: Technological Intensity in the Manufacturing Sector

Summary

Illinois faces significant challenges in attracting and retaining high technology manufacturers, but possesses the necessary elements to become more competitive. 

Some of these include:

• World‐class public and private research institutions (e.g. Argonne National Laboratory, FermiLab, and the Digital Manufacturing and Design Innovation Institute). 

• Illinois’ strong competitive position with medium high technology industries (e.g. automotive, industrial machinery and chemical manufacturing) possessing both technological and workforce specialization to leverage the development of high technology manufacturing.

• High technology manufacturing in Illinois has advanced rapidly in terms of productivity (value‐added per worker), increasing by 193% between 2000 and 2014.

• Wages in high technology manufacturing industries are substantially higher than for other manufacturing sectors and have grown rapidly in the past 14 years. At the same time, Illinois wages are lower than the U.S. average and are comparable or slightly below most of its regional competitors.

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Page 11: Made in Illinois: Technological Intensity in the Manufacturing Sector

Future Growth Opportunities

The high technology manufacturing industries with the greatest potential for Illinois include aerospace components, pharmaceutical and medicines, communications equipment, audio and video equipment and medical equipment and supplies.

• Encourage early adoption of emerging technologies such as 3D printing, robotics, and the “Internet of Things” (IoT) to remain competitive.

• Develop related industries in the high technology manufacturing value‐chain, especially those that provide critical goods or services or a significant presence in the State (e.g. engine, turbine and power transmission equipment manufacturing, computer systems design services, and scientific research and development services). 

• Leverage Illinois’ traditional strengths in ‘medium high technology’ manufacturing to retain, attract or expand that serve the value chain of high technology manufacturers.

• Re‐shore higher value‐added manufacturing activities.

The demand for replacement workers as “Baby Boomers” retire will be the primary source of job openings, but new hires will require a higher level of skills and training. 

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Page 12: Made in Illinois: Technological Intensity in the Manufacturing Sector

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Brian Harger, M.S., EDFPE‐mail: [email protected]: http://www.linkedin.com/pub/brian‐harger/2/a47/705