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MACHINE TOOLS & MACHINING

TOPIC 4

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INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY-TIMBERTIMBER

ASSOCIATED THEORYASSOCIATED THEORY

MACHINE TOOLS & MACHINE TOOLS & MACHININGMACHINING

MACHINE TOOLS & MACHINE TOOLS & MACHININGMACHINING

IntroductionIntroduction

Safety Safety PrecautionsPrecautions

Power ToolsPower Tools

Slide Slide Compound Compound

SawSaw

Plunge RouterPlunge Router

Fixed MachinesFixed Machines

Lathe AccessoriesLathe Accessories

IntroductionIntroduction

Machine tools are powered by ………………….

or …………………… air.

Although most machine tools were developed as copies of hand tools there have been many machine tools that have no direct hand tool as a possible “ancestor”.

Machine tools generally refers to machinery that

is fixed to the …………… or ………… ……………… tools is the name commonly given to tools that are portable. They may be corded, i.e.,

connected to a power source or …………… i.e., driven by batteries.

electricity

compressed

floor bench

Power

cordless

INDEXINDEXINDEXINDEX

SAFETY PRECAUTIONSSAFETY PRECAUTIONS INDEXINDEXINDEXINDEX

Particular precautions should be taken with all machine or power tools. There are specific precautions for some tools but there are also general safety rules which should be observed at all times when using power tools.

Eye Eye ProtectionProtection

Eye Eye ProtectionProtection

Eye protection must be worn when operating all machine or power tools.

http://www.sequoiasafety.com/PPE_Fa1.jpg


AdjustmentsAdjustmentsAdjustmentsAdjustments

Make sure all equipment is turned off before making adjustments, changing speeds or cutters etc. Caution: Caution:

Switch off Switch off before before adjustmentadjustment


Electrical Electrical LeadsLeads

Electrical Electrical LeadsLeads

Inspect leads and plugs for fraying/melting.

Check for electrical safety tag.

Keep leads clear of cutters, blades, etc & off floor.

http://www.cncord.com/image/d/power%20board/b-09.jpg


Ear Ear ProtectionProtection

Ear Ear ProtectionProtection

Ear Muffs should only be worn when using loud machinery for extended periods of time.

Alternatively ear plugs are easy to fit and comfortable.


DustDustDustDust

Turn on the dust extractor.

Wear a face mask with the correct filter when sanding or using the lathe.

http://images.google.com.au/imgres?imgurl=www.badger-airbrush.com/images/dust%2520mask.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.badger-airbrush.com/access2.htm&h=332&w=324&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddust%2Bmask%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DG

http://images.google.com.au/imgres?imgurl=www.badger-airbrush.com/images/dust%2520mask.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.badger-airbrush.com/access2.htm&h=332&w=324&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddust%2Bmask%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DG

http://images.google.com.au/imgres?imgurl=www.allproducts.com/wenmask/kr-213.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.allproducts.com/wenmask/&h=200&w=200&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddust%2Bmask%26start%3D60%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN


Securing Securing WorkWork

Securing Securing WorkWork

Use clamps to prevent the project moving when using machine tools.

http://www.taunton.com/finehomebuilding/media/h00051_03.jpg

http://www.mytoolstore.com/delta/11-990a.jpg

Safety PrecautionsSafety Precautions INDEXINDEXINDEXINDEX

Safety Safety InstructionInstruction

Safety Safety InstructionInstruction

Listen to the teacher.

Take notice of all warnings.

Do not interfere with other students.

Use power tools only the way you have been instructed.

Power ToolsPower Tools INDEXINDEXINDEXINDEX

Drill (240 volt)Drill (240 volt)Drill (240 volt)Drill (240 volt)

Heavy duty hand drilling operations from approx. 5-20 mm. Usually with 2 speed gearbox and may have hammer action for drilling in concrete & bricks.


Cordless Drill/DriverCordless Drill/DriverCordless Drill/DriverCordless Drill/Driver

Drilling small holes (2-10mm) Also light screw driver application. Usually reversible, variable speed and with various torque settings.


Belt SanderBelt SanderBelt SanderBelt Sander

Heavy duty sanding of floors, or for removing a lot of timber quickly.


Orbital SanderOrbital SanderOrbital SanderOrbital Sander

Fine sanding of large flat surfaces to remove scuff marks from planing.


Biscuit JoinerBiscuit JoinerBiscuit JoinerBiscuit Joiner

Cuts a shallow recess on each edge of two pieces of timber to be glued together. Small thin “wafer” of timber inserted.

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Circular SawCircular SawCircular SawCircular Saw

Not available for student use. Cutting timber to length, or breaking down large sheets of particleboard and plywood.

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Linisher/Disc SanderLinisher/Disc SanderLinisher/Disc SanderLinisher/Disc Sander

Linisher: Smoothing small flat areas or curved areas.

Disc Sander: Smoothing end grain and convex curves


Slide Compound Mitre SawSlide Compound Mitre SawSlide Compound Mitre SawSlide Compound Mitre Saw

Childproof Safety Switch

Angle Adjustment

Rotating Table

Fence

Depth of cut Adjustment

Tilt Adjustment

Transparent Guard


PrecautionsPrecautionsPrecautionsPrecautions

Keep hands clear of the blade.

Hold work firmly against fence. Minimum length of wood, 200mm .Prevent blade contacting timber until blade has reached full speed.

Wait until blade stops before removing timber.

Housing joints may be cut with this machine.


Plunge RouterPlunge RouterPlunge RouterPlunge Router

Depth of cut Adjustment

Base plate

Adjustable fence

Chuck or collet

Handle

Speed Adjustment


PrecautionsPrecautionsPrecautionsPrecautions

Hold router with both hands. Keep cord clear.Secure work in a vice or clamps.

Prevent router bit contacting timber until it has reached full speed.

Wait until bit stops before releasing hold of the router.

Cutting a trench or groove. Trimming an edge.


Router BitsRouter BitsRouter BitsRouter Bits

These are known as “straight” router bits.



Classical PatternClassical Pattern

A popular bit for forming a decorative edge on cabinet tops or skirting boards.



Rounding Over.Rounding Over.

Available in various sizes, i.e. radii, this bit is useful to create a soft rounded edge on handles or table tops.The bearing rides along the timber ensuring the bit cuts to a set depth.



Dovetail BitDovetail Bit

Used to cut dovetail housing joints or Used to cut dovetail housing joints or used in conjunction with a dovetailing used in conjunction with a dovetailing jig.jig.

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JOINTS

Dovetail jigs are often used with Dovetail jigs are often used with a router. a router.



Materials Materials

Router bits are made from High Router bits are made from High Speed Steel. The most expensive bits Speed Steel. The most expensive bits have tips that are made from have tips that are made from tungsten carbide.tungsten carbide.Tungsten carbide bits must always be used with composite materials, eg. Particleboard & MDF (medium density fibreboard).



The maximum The maximum speed of this speed of this router is 23 000 router is 23 000 rpm (revolutions rpm (revolutions per minute)per minute)

How many times does it rotate in one second?383383

Fixed MachinesFixed Machines INDEXINDEXINDEXINDEX

These machine tools are either bolted to the floor or free standing if they are not subject to vibration.

They are usually wired ………………………., and may be either single phase ( volts), or 3 phase ( volts).

permanently

415240

Computer controlled lathe

Heavy engineering workshop


Band SawBand SawBand SawBand Saw

Top wheel guard

Lower wheel guard

Blade tensioning knob

Table

Upper blade Guide

Guide Post Adjustment

Bench Mount


Band Saw PrecautionsBand Saw PrecautionsBand Saw PrecautionsBand Saw Precautions

Adjust upper guide 10mm above work.

Keep hands clear of blade.Use a push stick for small work.Stay with machine until blade stops moving.

WARNING! This machine WARNING! This machine also cuts meat!also cuts meat!


Pedestal DrillPedestal DrillPedestal DrillPedestal Drill

Pulley Guard

Chuck

Table

Pulley Adjustment

Feed Lever

Column

Table Height Adjustment

Base


Pedestal DrillPedestal DrillPedestal DrillPedestal Drill

Spindle Motor Fast spindle speed

Spindle Motor Slow spindle speed

The general rule for drilling in relation to drill size: Large Hole slow speed

Small Hole fast speed

Turning Timber On the LatheTurning Timber On the Lathe INDEXINDEXINDEXINDEX

Motor housing

Tailstock Locking lever

Hand Wheel

Tailstock spindle Lock

Revolving Centre

Tool Rest

Face Plate

Headstock


Keep adjusted close to the timber and on centre.

Slow speed for roughing down. High speed for sanding. Look for splits and cracks or other defects that may indicate failure.

Remove the tool rest and hold abrasive underneath work.

Tool Tool RestRest

SpeedsSpeeds

Checking TimberChecking Timber

SandingSanding


GougesGouges

Skew Skew chiselchisel

ScraperScraper Parting Parting off tooloff tool


The gouge is used for roughing to size and for turning coves or hollows.

The skew chisel is used for smoothing flats & tapers and for cutting beads.

The parting off tool is used for forming shoulders and cutting off excess ends.


Bead Hollow Taper

Typical Turned Typical Turned SectionsSections

Typical Turned Typical Turned SectionsSections


Jacob’s chuck

Forstner Bit

Spade Bit

Drilling In the LatheDrilling In the LatheDrilling In the LatheDrilling In the Lathe


Small Face Plate

Large Face Plate

Timber blanks can be screwed to a face plate & mounted on the main spindle.

The size of face plate should be a little smaller than the stock being turned.

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Spur Spur Centre:Centre:

Spur Spur Centre:Centre:

Cup Chuck:Cup Chuck: A tapered chuck that allows small cups and vases to be turned. It screws onto the main spindle.Inserted into the main spindle this is shaped to hold the timber on centre & rotate it.

Inserted into the tailstock this supports long work and rotates with the work.


Jacob’s Jacob’s Chuck:Chuck: Inserted into the tailstock and allows drilling of the work on centre.

http://woodworker.com/cgi-bin/FULLPRES.exe?PARTNUM=46-936


Expanding Chuck:Expanding Chuck:

Screws onto the main spindle & grips a small recess or raised edge previously turned on bottom of bowl etc.

Miscellaneous Machine ToolsMiscellaneous Machine Tools INDEXINDEXINDEXINDEX

Circular saw or Bench saw or Table saw (250mm)


Scroll saw


Planer or Thicknesser


Jointer

Machine ToolsMachine Tools INDEXINDEXINDEXINDEX

The End of Topic The End of Topic 4.4.

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