MACA Corporation Limited in collaboration with Global Oriented Development Group is pleased to announce the release of an advanced Hydrogen and Oxygen enriched liquid fuel that can economically provide for large scale energy infrastructures for improving Third World living standards and the general well being of the poor, whereto ensure for healthy productive citizens that can be educated for future employment and service for re-construction of their local economies from proposed earnings derived from opportunities created by the implementation of low cost electricity generation systems that are powered by low cost water based petroleum and diesel replacement fuels called Hydroleum, suited for the powering of internal combustion engines that comprise of small electricity generating systems and motor vehicles.

MACA Corporation Limited is dedicating its “green fuel” Intellectual properties for benevolent purposes, whereto extend goodwill's for facilitating re-establishment of many developing nations economies and simultaneously combat Global Climate change by implementing the wide spread use of low cost Hydroleum as an alternative fuel instead of using Petroleum or Diesel.

Hydroleum can effect means of generating further commerce from newly made local industries and services e.g. energy, forestry, mining, manufacture, agriculture and aquaculture industries thereto also supplementary commerce can be generated from carbon credit trading utilising the environmental friendlier Hydroleum Fuel.

The proposed industries and enterprises for emerging developed countries can now be powered at substantially lesser costs and impact to the environment.

Hydroleum Fuel compared to standard petroleum or diesel, is far more affordable by the Governments and common good whom comprise of the worlds many impoverished regions whereby such proposed Third World developments can now be seen as investor friendly whereto obtain high returns from seed capital or finances that may be issued by the World Bank, benevolent foundations or by private investment for undertaking Transnational socio-political and economic relations for bolstering methods of obtaining a Global Democracy and equitable sharing of all Earths resources to all those whom inhabit this small planet.

WHAT IS HYDROLEUM FUEL?

M.A.C.A Corporation water based hydrocarbon fuel blends have been designed for use with conventional petroleum powered and Diesel internal combustion engines.

Hydroleum Fuel when combusted issues substantial decrease of greenhouse emissions, improvement of performance and increased energy efficiency of a given internal combustion engine.

Hydroleum Fuel is a pre- formed hydro carbonaceous water emulsion made by a novel process that integrates water molecules with a liquid hydrocarbon fuel such as petroleum or diesel. Water is mixed and suspended with either an iso-octane (petroleum) or (cetane) diesel fuel for enhancing the combustion properties of hydrocarbon liquid fuels, by enriching a given hydrocarbon fuel, with hydrogen and oxygen molecules derived from the water component comprising the Hydroleum fuel mixture.

Hydroleum fuel when formulated as an isooctane and water emulsion, can provide up to 12-18% more power than a corresponding amount of petroleum and will permit much higher compression ratios to be used without increasing the temperature in the combustion chamber and furthermore, capable of use with most internal combustion engines without any major physical alteration of the present types of carburetion systems, nor does require any modification to any other parts or associated mechanisms of an internal combustion engine.

When combusting Hydroleum Fuels which are typically formulated as having a 40 percent water component and 60 percent isooctane (petroleum) or cetane (diesel) content, there is a corresponding reduction of combustion waste products, by virtue of the micro dimensioned water droplets expanding upon heating, then exploding into steam, in turn disintegrating the hydrocarbon particles comprising the Hydroleum fuel into finer particles, thus increasing the surface area of petroleum or diesel particles for complete incineration of the hydrocarbons contained within a combustion chamber.

The energy liberated from igniting the hydrocarbon component is utilised to flash heat the water component of the Hydroleum fuel emulsion, firstly into super heated steam and then thermolytically break down the super heated water vapour into separate hydrogen and oxygen gas components by process of thermolysis. Upon combustion of the disassociated water gases along with the other gases derived from Isooctane or Cetane, shall a spontaneous supersonic expansion occur of the total gases atmosphere contained momentarily therein the given combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine whereto drive the engine’s piston or piston’s, of which the engine now operates as a hybrid isooctane or cetane / hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine and steam motor. Hydroleum Fuel can be engineered and supplied to the global market without change to the current supply infrastructure, for at least 35% lesser cost comparative to the current costs of conventional liquid hydrocarbon fuels.

WHY USE HYDROLEUM FUEL?

In the past 200 years, wide spread industrialisation has increased the carbon content in the Earth’s atmosphere by 42 percent, affecting a critical rise in global temperatures.

As a result the consequences are rising of sea levels, increased air pollution, and altered weather systems, which effect many nations economies, ecology and lifestyle.

The golden era of cheap oil and petroleum has now come to an end, humanity urgently needs to use energy more efficiently and more importantly reduce the carbon emitted into the atmosphere by moderating the consumption of hydro carbon fuels that are typically combusted by vehicles and electric power generation plants.

Converting from hydrocarbon based economies and energy infrastructures to the use of alternative renewable energy conversion systems such as Wind and Solar power generating systems, cannot feasibly be implemented economically on a Global scale for replacement of hydrocarbon fueled power systems, due the fact that renewable energy conversion systems still require the use of oil based energy and economies for the manufacture and mass implementation of the said alternative energy systems and thereto also require major alteration of the current Global economic and socio/political infrastructure.

To undertake replacement of hydrocarbon fueled power systems, greater demands will be placed upon the Worlds oil reserves, of which such increase of consumption will inevitably produce greater amounts of carbon emissions and in turn increase a given governments investments pay back time for realising any immediate economical and environmental advantages yielded by the conversion to renewable energy conversion systems and thereto in the interim further increase the price of the worlds major primary energy medium, being a hydrocarbon fuel.

Alternative renewable energy systems cannot directly provide for the powering of the Worlds existing primary motive propulsion systems, such as vehicular internal combustion engines, without the added expense of creating new infrastructures whereto convert renewable energy derived from the wind and sun into a suitable liquid fuel such as Ethanol or alternatively Hydrogen gas for easy dispensation and delivery to the many millions of existing vehicles that use internal combustion engines.

Thereto millions of current internal combustion engines cannot readily utilise Ethanol or Hydrogen fuels derived from renewable energy sources, without modifications of engine design whereto obtain same operating characteristics, optimum performance and efficiency akin to a petroleum or diesel powered engine.

Hydroleum is an environmentally friendly alternative fuel mixture that can power many existing engine designs without compromise of an engine’s efficiency or operating characteristics

HOW DOES HYDROLEUM HELP THE THIRD WORLD?

World energy demands are soaring, oil reserves are limited and subsequently monopolised by oil rich regions to cater for the market needs and economies of select First World countries whilst excluding the needs of developing nations.

Billions of good people that comprise of Earths many impoverished nations cannot afford energy nor can the many odious indebted Governments of such impoverished regions provide for energy and infrastructure to cater for their populace’s general welfare and good health, due to current indexation’s of Global currencies being based on the calorific value of oil, which is now used as a universal fiscal datum of costing for producing a given quanta of Joule’s or BTU’s of energy and also dictates the value of currency which has superseded the benchmark of currency value initially set by gold reserves.

Much of the developing nations debts were amassed following the 1973 oil crisis when the members of OPEC pushed the price of oil up making the Middle Eastern nations very wealthy, of which the accrued wealth was distributed into Western Banks whom further lent large amounts of money to many developing countries without concern to where the monies would be spent or whether the countries would be capable of repaying the amount. Most of the loans have never reached the poor of the developing countries and typically have been utilised for large-scale development projects which have proved of no value to the poor, thereto monies from the loans issued by Western Banking institutions have also been deviated into the private bank accounts of dictators whom all have spent overall 25 % of the loans on arms and warfare.

Many developing countries have incurred debt bondage or odious debt to major multilateral creditors that has resulted from the loans to several illegitimate or dictatorial governments whom have used the money to oppress the people or for personal purposes. Moreover, in cases where borrowed money was used in ways contrary to the people’s interest, with the knowledge of the creditors, the creditors may be said to have committed a hostile act against those comprising the said populace and therefore cannot legitimately expect repayment of such debts and that the people of these Third World countries cannot legally be held responsible for the actions of those past governments, thereby such debt should be deferred and concession and stratagems issued by the creditors whereby to enable means of creating enterprise for the repayment of the loans.

M.A.C.A Corporation shall endeavor to persuade agencies to ensure that any unnecessary impediments to the exploitation of the Hydroleum technologies are removed.

To date several countries have eliminated fuel tax on the water components comprising cetane-water emulsion fuels. The very substantial lowered emissions resulting from the use of Hydroleum fuels are a well needed stepping stone to pollution free energy, not to mention the reduction on reliance of fossil fuels that would be achieved should these fuels become available on a wide scale. Thereto the Worlds Oil reserves may be extended from 51 years to a further 90 years with reduction of oil consumptions by dilution with water using M.A.C.A Corporation emulsifier technologies and process.

A PICTURE SAYS A THOUSAND

Current

2007

THIS PICTURE SAYS 100 THOUSAND WORDS!

THIS PICTURE SAYS A MILLION WORDS!

THIS PICTURE SAYS A BILLION SCREAMS!

PROJECT FIREWATER

Improved Additive and Processes used for Hydrogen and Oxygen enrichment of a combustible hydrocarbon fuel mixture.

This invention pertains to a process and method for improving the combustive properties of a hydro carbon fuel mixture by integrating water molecules with a liquid hydrocarbon fuel whereto form an emulsion of fuel which provides for hydrogen and oxygen enrichment of a said hydro carbon fuel.

In particular an isooctane (petroleum) and water emulsion fuel mixture when combusted, can eliminate much of the noxious emissions expelled by an internal combustion engine by reducing air as an oxidant source used typically for the combustion of a fuel, and thereby reduce the intake of of nitrogen gas introduced into a combustion chamber by the induction of air for reduction of NOX.

Increased engine efficiency and considerable reduction of petroleum consumption of any given hydrocarbon fueled internal combustion engine can be provided by addition to a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, a large component of water, whereby the component of water added to a hydro carbon fuel has water molecules dispensed equi-spatially within the mass of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel or alternatively the water can be injected for mixing within a liquid hydro carbon fuel flow, whereto provide also for an Isooctane and water emulsion.

Emissions that are typically generated by an internal combustion engine are un- burnt hydrocarbon particulates, carbon dioxide gas, carbon monoxide gas and heavy oxides of nitrogen which all the aforecited are a primary cause of chemical smog and is acknowledged by many scientific organisations and the community as deleterious to the earth’s gaseous envelope which is vital to sustain all life forms .

A preferred hydrocarbon fuel that is typically used of this present invention for mixture with water, is an Isooctane fuel and water emulsion which can issue forth pending the water to isooctane mixture ratio, 2.5% to 6.0% more power than a corresponding amount of petroleum and will permit much higher compression ratios to be used without increasing the temperature in the combustion chamber and furthermore, capable of use with standard internal combustion engines without any physical alteration of the present types of carburetion apparatus’s, nor does require any modification to any other parts or associated mechanisms of an internal combustion engine, aside only modification of the carburetion air to fuel mixture ratio whereby only to make a simple proximity adjustment of the choke valve mechanism for reducing the air intake volume which is typically inducted into the combustion chamber via a carburetor apparatus or suitable injection system,

Thereto a further method of reducing air intake of an engine is by reducing the nominal bore of the engines air intake tube by means of inserting or affixing a plug or plate having outer diameter and or profile suited to the nominal bore of an engines air intake tube whereby the plug or plate also contains therein a suitable sized nominal bore. Such plug or plate is press fitted or mechanically secured to the air intake tube of an air filter assembly whereto reduce the flow of air mixed with combination of a fuel delivered to the combustion chamber. The plug or plate having a desired nominal bore may be manufactured from a metal, rubber or plastic material and may have adapted a butterfly or ball valve for finite adjustment of air intake volume without the need of adjusting the choke valve assembly of a given engines carburetion apparatus.

The ratio of water for mixture with an isooctane liquid fuel can vary to suit differing metallurgies and dimensional capacities thereof a given internal combustion engine, and thereto shall the water component mixed with an isooctane fuel be any quantity up to 53% by weight water, however the preferred ratio of water component to isooctane quantity suited for combustion within conventional steel and alloy construction materials comprising a given combustion engine’s combustion chamber are in the range of 25- 43% water for providing optimum engine performances.

Mixing water particles about 0.00050 of a millimeter in diameter and dispersing such water particulates evenly within in an oil or petroleum fuel product whereto create an emulsion of water and hydrocarbon fuel offers many ecological advantages, the preferred mixture ratio is 60 percent isooctane (petroleum) and 40 percent of water components.

When combusting the isooctane water fuel emulsion, whereby the said mixture ratio is preferred as 60 percent isooctane (petroleum) and 40 percent water components,there is a corresponding reduction of combustion waste products, by virtue of the micro dimensioned water droplets contained therein the said emulsion fuel expanding upon heating, then exploding into steam, in turn disintegrating the hydrocarbon particles comprising the oil based fuel into finer particles, thus increasing the surface area of an isooctane fuel contained within a combustion chamber and provide complete burning of the said hydrocarbon fuel of which the heat liberated , further disassociates hydrogen and oxygen gas from the water vapour and steam component comprising of the said fuel emulsion, by process of thermolysis.

Upon ignition of the said isooctane water emulsion fuel injected and or inductedwithin a given combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine , additional Joules for work are obtained through the simultaneous process of thermolytic and catalytic dissociation of hydrogen and oxygen derived from the water component comprising of the aforesaid isooctane emulsion, whereby heat from the combustion chamber generated by the burning of a hydrocarbon fuel is utilised to flash heat the water component of the emulsion firstly into super heated steam and then thermolytically break down the super heated water vapour into separate gas components, namely hydrogen and oxygen gas.

Upon combustion of the disassociated water gases along with the other gases derived from Isooctane, shall a spontaneous supersonic expansion occur of the total gases atmosphere contained momentarily therein the given combustion chamber of a conventional internal combustion engine and drive an engine’s piston or piston’s of which the said engine operates of the principium being a hybrid isooctane/hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine and steam motor.

Further scope of this present invention improves upon the inherent disadvantages of prior art fuel emulsions, namely market acceptance and stability of a pre-formed hydrocarbon fuel water emulsion, by means hereof further described as method and process of utilising novel chemical additives for providing longer term suspension of water within an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel. Such scope of this invention includes provision of novel process, chromatic pigmentation of the said pre-formed emulsion fuel and a method and apparatus for further Hydrogen and Oxygen enrichment of the said isooctane emulsion fuel whereto further aid combustion.

The novel addition of a pigment or dye to a hydrocarbon and water fuel emulsion is utilised for product identification whereto provide a visual indexation of varied water concentrations within a pre-formed isooctane water fuel emulsion , as by example an addition of a suitable green pigment or dye whereto indicate a water ratio of 50% by weight to isooctane, a red pigmentation for a water ratio of 30% weight to isooctane and or a blue pigmentation for a water ratio of 25% weight to isooctane or any combination of chromatic pigments whereto identify by color any number of varied ratios of water contained thereof an isooctane fuel for purpose of issuing an index system for octane or cetane rating of a given hydrocarbon water fuel emulsion for suitability of usage to varied types of internal combustion engines and associated construction materials thereof.Firstly, concerning the implementation of an emulsified water petroleum fuel for mass commercial usage and marketing thereof, it is known a large demographic of public resistance to the use of a milky white colored colloidal fuel mixture is due to the general public having been accustomed to use of clear liquid fuels. Such prior art fuel emulsions namely cetane and water mixtures possess a white milky color which can promote an inherent distrust of placing free water in the fuel due to perceptions construed by the general public being accustomed by visual observations of current mass marketed transparent colored hydrocarbon fuels and that such perceptions of prior art preformed cetane fuel emulsions have had also disadvantages of instability due to particles separation of the emulsion over long storage periods and cannot be used when ambient temperatures fall below 0 degrees Celsius, due to the water component freezing.The reagents that are use to create this isooctane water fuel blend are chemical dispersants which are further defined as a blend of surfactants that break up the hydrocarbon fuel into small droplets that disperse into the water column. The surface-active agents (surfactants) stabilise the hydrocarbon fuel droplets by orienting the isooctane molecules in the oil-water interface with the hydrophobic (lipophilic) end of the surfactant molecule in the oil phase and the hydrophilic end in the water phase. The novel chemical dispersant formulation comprising of this invention can also contain a solvent such as ethanol to reduce viscosity and to facilitate dispersal of isooctane with water and thereto act as an anti freeze agent, however the preferred chemical additive for instilling anti freeze properties of the fuel emulsion is by adding a suitable proportion of propylene glycol to the surfactants mixture.

The water-in-isooctane type fuel emulsion according to this invention preferably contains 0. 13 % by weight of a dyeing substance, 35.20 % by weight of water, 52.94 % by weight of the liquid hydrocarbon, 10% by weight of propylene glycol and 1.73 % by weight of a surface active agents mixture. Surfactants used to mix the dye, liquid hydrocarbon and water into emulsion comprise of four primary groups; anionic, cationic, non-ionic, and zwitterionic (dual charge) surface modifying agents.

In the present invention, the water-in-isooctane dyed emulsion fuel is formed by dispersing a dyeing substance in water, with a liquid hydrocarbon by a surfactant mixture comprised of ionic, zwitterionic and nonionic surface active agents. Suitable liquid hydrocarbons which may be used for this emulsion include aromatic hydrocarbons, unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons and saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons which have a boiling point in the range of from 20 degree C to 350.degree C and halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons which have a boiling point ranging from 70 degree C to 180 degree C.

Various kinds of dyes and fluorescent brightening agents having molecular structures destitute of hydrophilic groups can also be used either individually or in combination.

Such chromatic substances include organic dyes such as nitroso, naphthoquinone, nitro, monoazo, triazine, disazo, xanthene, acridine, perinon ,quinoline, methine, triazole, azine, anthraquinone, oxazine, phthalocyanin, styryl, quinophthalon and benzothizole and fluorescent pigment brightening agents such as those of the oxazole, methine, coumarine, stylben, ,azomethine, naphthalimide , pyrazole and benzimidazole types.

Examples of a desirable hydrocarbon fuel for mixture with the aforesaid pigmentation materials ,surface active agents and water component whereto provide for a a pigmented hydrocarbon and water emulsion fuel include the following fuel types: ethanol, isohexane, n-heptane, xylene, isooctane, n-decane, toluene, amyl toluene, tetralin, amyl benzene, dodecylbenzene, 2-pentane, benzene, 2,2-dimethyl butane, ethyl benzene, diethyl benzene, iso-propylbenzene, dipentene, p-menthane ,n-pentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, methyl cyclohexane, decalin, pinene or combination of these hydrocarbons which typically comprises as principal components of petroleum, kerosene, light oils and heavy oils.

Other types of hydrocarbon fuels which are halogenated and suited for mixture solely or in combination with the aforesaid pigmentation materials ,surface active agents and a water component whereto provide for a pigmented hydrocarbon and water emulsion fuel for powering internal combustion engines include also the fuel types of the following : Pentachloroethane, dichloroethane, dichlorobutane, trichloroethylene, trichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, fluorobenzene, chlorobenzene, trifluorotrichloroethane, chloropropane, dichloropropane, trichloropropane, chlorobutane, perchloroethylene, dibromoethylene, chlorotoluene, benzotrifluoride or combination thereof. The liquid hydrocarbon components preferably constitute 40% to 75 % by weight of the water-in-liquid hydrocarbon fuel emulsion of the present invention. Experiments have confirmed that use only of an anionic or cationic surface active agent does not result in a stable formation of the emulsion.

The mixture of surface active agents used in this invention comprise by major proportion of parts, a nonionic and amphoteric type surfactant . The surface active agents mixture, which is used in further mixing of the dye,water, and a hydrocarbon fuel to form a pigmented emulsion, are preferred to be soluble in the liquid hydrocarbon and incapable of rendering the dyeing substances soluble in the liquid hydrocarbon. The nonionic and amphoteric surface active agents which comprise as major parts thereof the surfactant mixture are specified below.

Fatty acid esters of sorbit, sorbitan and saccharose such as, for example, monopalmitate, monolaurate, monostearate, trioleate, monooleate, sesquioleate and distearate or sorbitan and oyethylation products thereof.

Polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers and polyethylene glycol alkylphenol esters such as, for example, lauryl ether, cetyl ester, stearyl ether, oleyl ether, octyl ether and nonylphenyl ester of polyethylene glycol.

The mixture of surface active agents used in this invention comprise also of Polypropylene oxide and copolymers of polypropylene oxide and polyethylene oxideAnd thereto also Esters of higher fatty acids such as, lauric acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, margalic acid and stearic acid, including the monoglyceride of lauric acid and the monoglyceride of stearic acid derived from lecithin oil. This novel poly -electrolytic surfactants mixture comprising of this invention whereto mix the dye, isooctane and water emulsion comprises of four primary groups of surface active agents, namely anionic, cationic, non-ionic, and zwitterionic (dual charge) type surface active agents which can provide for a multiple charge state super surfactant and facilitate complex surface-functionalised reactions for particle dispersion when anionic and cationic surface active agents are mixed with non-ionic, and zwitterionic surface active agents whereto provide for a stable micro-emulsion meaning the composition and microstructure of the emulsion fuel will not substantially change over long periods of time in storage.

The poly-electrolyte materials comprising of the surfactant mixture used in this invention are macromolecular substances, which upon dissolving in water or another ionising solvent, dissociates to give poly-cations and poly-anions together with an equivalent amount of counterions of small charge and opposite sign, all of which will form aqueous dispersions or liquid hydrocarbon water solutions having improved stability comparative to prior art emulsion fuels.

Comprising thereof this invention is a poly -electrolytic surfactants mixture for blending a pigment,water and isooctane fuel, the surfactants mixture include all of the following:

Anionic (based on sulfate, sulfonate or carboxylate anions) Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), ammonium lauryl sulfate, and other alkyl sulfate salts • Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) • Alkyl benzene sulfonate • Cationic (based on quaternary ammonium cations) • Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide alkyltrimethylammonium salts. • Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) • Polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA) • Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) • Benzethonium chloride (BZT) Zwitterionic (amphoteric) • Dodecyl betaine • Dodecyl dimethylamine oxide • Cocamidopropyl betaine • Coco ampho glycinate Nonionic • Alkyl poly(ethylene oxide) • Alkyl polyglucosides • Octyl glucoside • Decyl maltoside • Fatty alcohols • Cetyl alcohol • Oleyl alcohol • Cocamide MEA, Cocamide DEA, Cocamide TEA

The function of the surface active agents is to disperse the dyeing substance in the form of finely divided particles in the liquid hydrocarbon. It performs the additional function of forming the water-in-isooctane type emulsion.

To form the water-in-isooctane type emulsion containing a dyeing substance, the liquid hydrocarbon, and the surface active agents, the dying substance is firstly dispersed in the liquid hydrocarbon by the following procedure:

1. The dyeing substance is dispersed as fine particles in the liquid hydrocarbon in the presence of the surface active agents mixture.

2. While the resultant dispersion of the dyeing substance is agitated, a suitable amount of pretreated water is gradually added to produce the water-in-isooctane type fuel emulsion.

Prior to the addition of water to the isooctane,pigment and electrolyte surfactants mixture, the water is to be filtered and electrolytically conditioned to form a slight alkali pH level by the removal of water contaminants such as heavy metal ions,organic particulates and salts which are deleterious to the surfactants complex surface-functionalised reactions by not allowing the surfactant complex to completely reduce the surface tension of the water at the liquid-gas interface and also retard the surfactant complex to reduce the interfacial tension between isooctane and water by adsorbtion at the liquid-liquid interface which would prevent full particles dispersion needed for the emulsion’s stability. The water used in the water/isooctane mixture according to this invention could be of any forms and sources including, but without limitation to, tap water,grey water, bore water, river water, ocean water or rain water which all are to be treated by means of passing the water through a novel ion exchange filtration material comprising of an aerated Isocyanate-Polyol foamed resin having mixed therein the Isocyanate resin, particles of Crystalline Hydrated Sodium Alumina Silicate minerals such as Zeolites where upon curing of the Isocyanate-Polyol foam, the particles of Crystalline Hydrated Sodium Alumina Silicate minerals contained therein are bound equi-spatially within the expanded cellular matrix comprising the rigid aerated polymer substrate which is hereto known by name as Zeothane.When contact is made between the water and the crystalline hydrated sodium alumina silicate particulates contained therein the Zeothane material, the said mineral particulates act as sorbents, chemically bonding with the ions which are removed from the waters by mode of ion exchange.Contaminant ions contained of water are entrapped upon the surface and within the interstices of the porous crystalline hydrated aluminosilicate particles being of group I and II metals in the periodic table having an open molecular framework which contain microscopic channels and cations or anions necessary for charge balancing and ion exchange by replacing one singly-charged exchangeable atom comprising the Crystalline Hydrated Sodium Alumina silicate mineral particle bound within the aerated polymer substrate by one singly-charged atom from the contaminated solution or replacing two single charged exchangeable atoms from the zeolite by one doubly-charged atom from the solution.

The Zeothane water conditioning process comprises of multiple stages, the first water pre treatment stage provides for a germicidal agent to treat inlet water for inhibiting growth of microorganisms, the germicidal agent can be provided in the form of the inlet feed water engaging the surfaces of a metallic alloy of silver and also copper. The metals can be electroplated to the surfaces of the plates or a suitable light weight hollow form, which such hollow forms can be a moulded from plastic or press formed from metals to be typically formed as spherical, having a range in diameter from 20 mm to 100 mm.

A plurality of metallised spheres and or plates are to be contained within the nominal bore or cavity of a pipedic section which conveys raw inlet waters, thereto the pipedic section is constructed from a rigid or semi rigid aerated polyurethane resin having suspended homogenously, natural zeolite particles adhered to and bound within the cured polyurethane foam’s filamental structures which forms a cellular structure which can be manufactured as either an open or closed celled polyurethane foam having cured therein zeolite particles, whereby the addition of zeolite particles suspended within the polyurethane structure, an ionic exchange resin is provided for. A rigid Isocyanate-Polyol aerated substrate laden with cationic type zeolite particles is the preferred material for the primary filtration stage, whereto screen particulates contained therein a given inlet feed water greater than 50 microns in size and provide also ionic adsorption of positively charged ions such as iron, ammonia, manganese, magnesium, calcium, chromium and potassium etc.

The primary filtration medium composed of rigid Isocyanate-Polyol resin laden with cationic type zeolite particles is aerated to form a suitable porosity and bulk density between 80 to 100 kgm3.

A second stage of filtration occurs via the nominal bore or cavity of a pipedic section which contains the first stage filtered inlet water and the primary stage pipedic filter membrane, containing therein the nominal bore or cavity a germicidal agent such as metallised spheres or plates and or alternatively a germicidal ultra violet radiation source, either fibre optics conveying solar light or an electric incandescent source providing for UV irradiation of the water contained therein the nominal bore or cavity integral of the primary filter, thereto a chemical disinfectant may be introduced to the raw inlet water.

The aforesaid pipedic primary filter assembly having contained within its cavity or bore, a germicidal agent ,or means to provide for the sterilisationof inlet water , is concentrically located within the nominal bore of a secondary pipedic section also being a porous membrane constructed from an aerated polyurethane foam having zeolite and activated carbon particles homogenously suspended within the cured filamental matrix which comprises as the mechanical structure of the said expanded polyurethane foam.

The zeolite and carbon laden Isocyanate-Polyol substrate comprising as the material for the secondary filter is of suitable porosity to form a bulk density between 200 to 600 kgm3. whereto screen particulates contained therein the primary filtered inlet feed water greater than 5 microns in size and provide also for ionic adsorption of positively charged ions such as iron, ammonia, manganese, chromium,potassium and calcium, barium, cadmium, copper, zinc,rubidium,lithium,barium, lead and magnesium whereby the activated carbon shall adsorb volatile organics, trihalomethanes and many of the bacteria, viruses and other organic elements found in water.

The third stage of water conditioning occurs via the nominal bore or cavity of a pipedic section which contains the primary stage porous filter assembly having contained therein the nominal bore or cavity, a germicidal agent, such as silver and copper metallised spheres and or a germicidal ultra violet radiation source and or fibre optics to convey solar light or incandescent light for providing for germicidal UV irradiation of the water contained therein the nominal bore or cavity integral of the primary filter, thereto the aforesaid primary filter assembly is located within the nominal bore of a secondary pipedic section constructed from a rigid aerated polyurethane foam having zeolite and carbon particles homogenously suspended within the cured filamental polyurethane matrix which comprise the structure of the expanded polyurethane foamed ion exchange resin and filter medium.

The aforesaid primary filter assembly contained within the secondary filter is further contained within the nominal bore of a third porous pipedic filter fabricated from preferably but not limited thereto a cation enriched zeolite expanded polyurethane resin comprising as the material for the tertiary filter, such material being of suitable porosity to form a bulk density between 500 to 600 kgm3.

The tertiary filter shall screen particulates contained therein the secondary filtered inlet feed water greater than .5 microns in size and provide also for ionic adsorption of positively charged ions such as iron, ammonia, manganese, magnesium chromium,potassium and calcium etc. . A fourth stage filtration and ionic adsorption membrane encapsulates the preceding ionic filters assembly , of which all of the 3 cited pipedic formed filtration medium’s are concentrically located and housed within each others respective nominal bore to be further located within the nominal bore of a fourth pipedic section composed preferably of an activated carbon powder,zeolite particles and copper alloy or silver powder powder suspended within an expanded polyurethane foam whereto the density and porosity of the mineralised polyurethane foam is controlled by the mould dimensional constraints in proportion to the quantity of Isocyanate and Polyol resin whereby the density required thereof the fourth membrane is to be preferably between 700 to 900 kgm3 and formed as a pipedic section of arbitrary thickness appropriate to the rate and quantity of desired ionic adsorption and particulate filtration of a given water flow.

The fourth membrane a compound of polyurethane resin having mixed therein homogenously suspended zeolite particles, activated carbon particles and a metal powders such as copper and silver and or copper and tin, and or Chemalloy ™, or any germicidal passive electrolytic metallic alloy or element, provides further bacteriostatic control of biological contaminants, bacteria and viruses and simultaneously filter and adsorb undesirable particulates contained thereof the tertiary filtered water, the substrate of the fourth membrane filter medium, which is disposed radially to surround the preceding membranes shall screen particulates contained therein the tertiary filtered inlet feed water greater than .3 microns in size.

The fifth stage of filtration is a mechanical filter membrane for screening the fourth stagefilter water which is discharged radially outward to the interior of the given water receptacle which supports and houses the said composite filters assembly.

The fifth stage membrane is constructed of a porous flexible woven sheet material having suitable pore size between the woven filaments no greater than .2 micron. The woven nylon or woven fibre glass sheet material planar surface is wrapped circumferentially around the complete outer surface of the fourth stage pipedic section by at least one revolution of wrap, whereto cover and seal the outer surface of the fourthfilter and provide for screening of particles greater than .2 micron. Alternatively the woven nylon or woven fibre glass sheet material planar surface is wrapped circumferentially around the complete outer surface of the fourth stage pipedic section by several revolutions of wrap, whereto effect a larger degree of mechanicalfiltration of particulates greater than .05 micron.

The fifth stage membrane is preferably constructed of a porous hydrophobic flexible woven sheet material and may have woven filaments or threads of silver and or copper wire of fine gauge whereto effect further bacteriostatic control of the woven filter media and thereto also effect bacteriostatic control of the water discharged and contained within a water storage tank of which the stored filtered water also engage the external surfaces of the fifth membrane which encapsulates the fourth,third,secondary and primary filters.

The fifth stage membrane may be sewn to form a bag or tube and the preceding filters assembly contained therein.

The ends of the Zeothane pipedic filter sections assembly are sealed and secured with non porous end caps caps to prevent un filtered water migrating between the progressive stages of pipedic filtration elements.

One end cap thereof the aforesaid filter assembly shall have at least one orifice to allow inlet water to enter into the nominal bore of the primary stage filter media whereby the water is extruded isostatically and radially outward through the progressive encapsulating filter stages for collection and storage within a suitable tank for conveying to the dosage apparatus providing a pre-treated water for mixing with isooctane .The mass production of a pigmented water-in-isooctane emulsion proceeds by an exact dosing of the desired dye, water-isooctane ratio in a dosing apparatus. The dosed mixture is fed into a mixing chamber for agitating the emulsion into a homogenous mixture. Thereafter, the emulsion is fed out of the mixing chamber into a large storage tank, within which the emulsion is also kept in permanent motion by either mechanical agitation or a pump maintaining a circulation of the emulsion.Thereto also a water-soluble aromatic, perfume or perfumes mixture may be added to the fuel emulsion mixture, providing for a distinct odour whereto compliment the color of the emulsion as further method of product identification.The emulsion is drawn from the storage tank and fed to the consumer via proprietary pump systems or the said pre-formed emulsion fuel may also be pre packaged in cans or suitable fuel receptacles for distribution.

This invention may also include a novel point of use process for further increasing the calorific value of a a given hydro carbon water emulsion fuel by further increasing the concentrations of Hydrogen and Oxygen molecules mixed with a said hydrocarbon water emulsion fuel mixture for purpose of enhancing the said fuel’s combustion properties.

Herein further claimed of this invention entitled Improved Additive and Processes used for Hydrogen and Oxygen enrichment of a combustible hydro carbon fuel mixture, a novel supplementary process defined as a method and apparatus of mixing Hydrogen, Oxygen and other gas molecules with a hydro-carbon fuel mixture or hydrocarbon water emulsion fuel mixture for purpose of further increasing the rate of molecular disassociation of large molecular weight hydrocarbon molecules, which are to be made to disintegrate into smaller fragments whereto increase the surface-to-volume ratio for complete combustion of the said hydrocarbon water emulsion fuel mixture by the consequent exposure to greater heat energy liberated from a hydrogen and oxygen gas mixture .

The supplementary Hydrogen and Oxygen molecules that are to be introduced to a said hydrocarbon water emulsion fuel mixture contained within a combustion chamber are preferred to be derived from a novel Electrolytic and Thermolytic contrivance.

The preferred contrivance for producing molecules of Hydrogen,Oxygen and other trace gases for mixture with a hydrocarbon water emulsion fuel, is by a novel method and apparatus for electrolytically and thermolytically producing primarily a Hydrogen fuel and Oxidant, by the extraction of Hydrogen, Oxygen and other atmospheric gases from a weak acid electrolyte contained therein of an atmospheric gases recombinant starved electrolyte electro-chemical cell, used for the generation of a pyrolytic gas mixture to be mixed on demand with a hydrocarbon water emulsion fuel mixture whereto increase the power output of a given reciprocating internal combustion engine powered by the said hydrocarbon water emulsion fuel, by the common ducting of an electrolylitic derived Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen gas mixture for simultaneous delivery in conjunction with a Hydro carbon water emulsion fuel mixture that is aspirated into an engine,s combustion chamber for subsequent ignition.

Extraction of atmospheric Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen gas is produced by a novel design lead-acid electrolysis cell which functions also as an electro-chemical voltaic accumulator which utilises Hydrogen-Oxygen recombination chemistry akin to prior art valve regulated lead-acid battery technologies.

The design of this electrolysis cell has differences of operating principals comparative to prior art electrolysis methodologies, namely the incorporation of a manifold which common vents a compressed stoichimetric Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen gas mixture when a weak sulphuric acid gelled electrolyte contained therein this lead acid electro chemical cell is subjected to high coulombic direct current over voltage stimulation.

Thereto the said manifold can also induct Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen molecules from the ambient air to be conveyed via the manifold into the said electro chemical cell assembly by a 1-3 PSI negative pressure vacuum generated by the electrolysis cell at regulated moments between overcharge pulse, whereto replace the Hydrogen and Oxygen molecules that are liberated by the ionic decomposition of the water comprising the weak sulphuric acid gelled electrolyte contained within the said electrolysis cell.

The said electrolysis cell’s venting system is designed to release a stoichimetric mix of Hydrogen,Oxygen and Nitrogen gases having typical molar proportion of 47% Hydrogen,33% Oxygen, 19% nitrogen and 1% percent trace elemental atmospheric gases such as Carbon Dioxide and Methane, whilst simultaneously maintain sufficient internal pressure for the recombination of Oxygen and Hydrogen into water during operations of electrolyte over voltage stimulation.

The gases produced are typically exhausted from the said electrolysis cell through a manifold to be either inducted directly into the air intake of a carburetor assembly or port injected into an internal combustion engine with the hydrocarbon water emulsion fuel mixture. Atmospheric gases and water vapour are vacuum drawn into the electrolysis cell to reform into free water and thereby moderate the decomposition of the weak sulphuric acid contained therein the electrolysis cell due to heat generation caused by internal ohmic resistance which occurs when the electrically stimulated electrolyte is conveying positive and negative ions from the respective anodes and cathodes during overcharge. The weak sulphuric acid by molar proportion is approximately 25% sulphuric acid and 75% water.

The vacuum generated within the electrolysis cell is created at intervals between over voltage pulses whereby the aforecited electrolyser apparatus is also defined further by function, as a lead acid secondary voltaic accumulator which has typically an integral charge storage capacity of 6V x 40 – 180 amp hours, by virtue of the electrochemical reaction occurring between that of the sulphuric acid, the positive electrode (PbO2 ) and the negative electrode (Pb). The aforesaid gas recombinant electrolyser - voltaic accumulator assembly is powered by a 12 volt DC charge, generated typically by a saturated secondary lead acid cell or battery array of suitable capacity or alternatively an alternator comprising of an engine.

The negative electrodes of this apparatus is comprised of sponge lead (Pb) which can supply electrons to an external circuit by discharge into a given ohmic load with no external over voltage stimulation or alternatively the electrolysis accumulator cell can supply electrons to a suitable load during operations of gas generation without any appreciable loss of gas output when the aforecited electrolyser unit is subject to over voltage provided by either a constant direct current or pulsed direct current charge.

When the gas recombinant starved electrolyte electrolyser – accumulator cell has reached a state of full charge capacity the lead dioxide (PbO2 ) positive electrodes will accept electrons from the potentialised load during mode of discharge. Hence the electrodes contained therein this electrolysis apparatus are of dissimilar materials or the electrolysis cell will not be able to store an electrical potential and conduct electrical current via the weak acid electrolyte which provides for the internal circuit in the electrolysis cell by transferring ions to the positive and negative electrodes for electron potentialisation of a given ohmic load and Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen gassing.

The said electrolysis- voltaic accumulator cell is to be subject to voltages greater than the charge that can be accumulated therein the said lower potentialised accumulator and upon over charge conducted to the said cell from a higher voltage DC source, shall large quantities of ionic hydrogen, oxygen and other elemental atmospheric gases be emitted via the manifold from the water component comprising the electrolyte, at 4-50 PSI pressure.

The fuel gas pressure is dependant of the state of charge of the electrolyser-voltaic accumulator having progression of temperature rise of the electrolyte at given times of operation when subject to over voltage stimulation whereby the gas pressure is also dependant of the sizing of the manifold’s nominal bore which must provide for a sufficient back pressure to ensure an appropriate quanta of Hydrogen and Oxygen gas recombination whereto prevent electrolyte dehydration. Pending back pressure such temperatures of the sulphuric acid can reach 100 to 180 degrees Celsius after several hours of over charge stimulation.

Oxygen Partial Pressure

CO2,Ar Partial pressure

Nitrogen Partial Pressure

Cell Pressure

Hydrogen Partial Pressure

VentingPressure

Fig. 1

Oxygen Partial Pressure

CO2,Ar Partial pressure

Nitrogen Partial Pressure

Cell Pressure

Hydrogen Partial Pressure

VentingPressure

Fig. 1

Between moments of pulsed over voltage direct current charge transferred into the electrolysis -voltaic accumulator, having reached maximum charge capacity, the electrolysis-voltaic accumulator shall absorb Hydrogen,Oxygen and other atmospheric components and also self discharge excess electrons absorbed by the cathode via the electrolyte to the anode whereto reduce the magnitude of electron potential between that of the respective electrodes and thereto perpetuate a means of maintaining water concentrations and pH equilibrium of the sulphuric acid by the vacuum induction of atmospheric Hydrogen,Oxygen and Nitrogen gases which recombine to form water and hydrate the sulphuric acid electrolyte.

The vacuum is produced by the volume reduction of the gases within the electrolyser headspace and separator areas by phenomena of adiabatic cooling which causes rapid condensation of water vapour, Hydrogen Nitrogen and Oxygen gas.  

Atmospheric vapours are inducted into the headspace and separator areas of the electrolyser assembly at negative 1-3 PSI pressure progressively from the atmosphere at an induction rate dependant of the temperature difference of the electrolyte and vapour temperature at given times between over voltage stimulation and electrolyte relaxation.

The sulphuric acid electrolyte within the electrolytic-voltaic accumulator cell is suspended in an ionic permeable electronically non-conductive membrane which prevents electronic contact between the electrodes of opposite polarity that are contained.

The micro porous separator fabric is made from silicate fibers with a polymeric binder such as styrene or acrylic which is used to assist the retainment of the positive active material, thereto the glass fiber separator can hold large quantities of electrolyte by having a porosity in excess of 90%. with sufficient void volume to facilitate predominantly, oxygen and hydrogen recombination.

The aforecited electrolysis- voltaic accumulator cell is a starved electrolyte design becauseit processes a small quantity of electrolyte contained within the interstices of the silicate fiber material comprising of the separator substrate which is placed between the respective electrode plates. At low charging voltages, nearly all of the oxygen generated during charging recombines at the negative plate. This recombination discharges the negative plate and prevents hydrogen from being generated, however when the cell is subject to high voltage bursts which also raises the temperature of the electrolyte, then hydrogen, oxygen and other atmospheric gases are easily liberated from the sulphuric acid into the header chamber for venting via the common duct manifold to undertake combustion.To further retard dehydration of the water component comprising of the sulphuric acid upon occasions when the electrolyser reaches a level of thermal runaway from long hours of usage, an electrolyte reservoir is provided for within the header space above the electrode plates and separator plates, whereby distilled or municipal water may be drawn on demand, into the electrolysis cell header space, via the common duct manifold, by an integral vacuum generated at moments when the electrolysis- voltaic accumulator cell undertakes adiabatic cooling which provides for a negative pressure differentiation comparative to the positive pressure of the external atmosphere.The quanta of water and or water vapour required to re-hydrate the electrolyte contained therein the cell, is self regulated by the magnitude of the adiabatic vacuum, which typically draws enough water after operations or water vapour during operations into the electrolysis system whereto maintain the appropriate saturation of the ionic permeable micro porous separator fabric and maintain optimum pH levels of the Hydroxic acid. The magnitude of the vacuum is proportionate to the temperature difference between that of the sulphuric acid and the temperature of the external ambient atmosphere and the thermal mass of the electrolysis-voltaic accumulator assembly e.g electrode plates,encasement and electrolyte volume. Thermal runaway is an exothermic reaction which begins when the heat produced by the electrolysis reaction exceeds that of the heat being removed by gassing. The surplus heat raises the temperature of the reaction mass, which causes the rate of reaction to increase. This in turn accelerates the rate of heat production and thereby initiates faster gassing by thermolytic and electrolytic decompositions of the water comprising 75% volume of the sulphuric acid contained therein the 6 volt accumulator-electrolysis cell.As the temperature increases, the rate at which heat is removed increases linearly, however the rate at which heat is produced is increased exponentially.

To control the reaction temperature whereto prevent over-pressurisation of the electrolysis - accumulator cell due to violent boiling and rapid gas generation and thereto further reduce electrolyte dehydration. The 6 Volt accumulator-electrolysis assembly may have an outer encasement constructed from a metal having castellated surface profiles or alternatively perpendicular plate form projections or fins whereto increase the thermal mass of the assembly and increased surface area whereby to conduct and radiate heat energy when the aforecited electrolyser assembly is immersed in a cooler ambient body such as air or water which acts as a heat sink and cooling jacket, the water jacket having absorbed heat by conduction from the reaction processes can provide for hot water to be used for domestic purposes if the said electrolyser is adapted to an internal combustion engine that is powering a static fuel powered generator. To further limit thermal runaway of the 6 Volt accumulator-electrolysis cell subject to over voltage stimulation, it is preferable to manufacture both the thin plate positive and negative electrodes, from an alloy of Lead, amalgamated with a small percentage of Tin as opposed to using conventional electrochemical battery electrode plate materials which are typically made from an amalgam of lead-calcium or lead-antimony of which the latter can release small quantities of the toxic gases, stibine and arsine in which these types of metals antimony and arsenic are used for hardening the grid alloy to reduce the rate of corrosion during over voltage cycling.

Since Thermal runaway produces a higher gassing rate it also implies a quicker rate of water loss from the sulphuric acid electrolyte, thereby plates made from lead-calcium alloy will produce more heat and de-hydrate the sulphuric acid faster when subject to over voltage conditions. Utilising Lead -Tin electrodes provide for lower temperature operations with increased electrode longevity and conservation of water within the electrolyte.

A conceptual view of the oxygen-recombination and gas emission process.

Ne CO2ArN2O2H2

Electrolyte Film .1 um

Electrolyte Film .1 um

Over charge Reaction2H2O 4H- + 4e- + O2

Recombination ReactionO2 +2Pb + 2H2SO4 2H2O + Heat

Positive Electrode

Negative Electrode

Fiber glass Separator1mm thick

Fig. 2Gases emission and ingression

The negative electrode is overbuilt relative to the positive electrode whereby there will always be an excess of lead sulphate along with the sponge lead, which reacts with electro generated oxygen, the negative electrode will not go into hydrogen evolution except under conditions of overcharge where the ability of this cell to recombine all the O2 generated is exceeded.

Neglecting Nitrogen and other trace elemental atmospheric gases ingression into the electrolysis cell during operations, the oxygen recombination process is written in the

O2 + 2Pb 2PbO2PbO + 2H2SO4 2PbSO4 + 2H2O (B)

2PbSO2 + 4H+ + 4e- 2Pb + 2H2SO4 (C)

Reaction A is a gas/solid reaction and is occurring in a liquid phase. Summing Reactions A – C electrochemical process, the Hydronium ion is consumed and water is generated in the pores of the negative plate substrate.

O2 + 4H+ 4e- 2H2O (D)

Reaction D is the opposite to the positive-plate overcharge :

2H2O 4H+ + 4e- + O2

whereby sulphuric acid is generated in the pores of the positive plate and electro generated oxygen diffuses to the negative plate via the partially saturated glass fiber separator and thin electrolyte films on both electrode plates. Oxygen reacts with the acidic electrolyte to reform the water electrolytically within in the pores of the negative sponge lead (Pb) electrode plate or plates.

Upon over voltage stimulation the negative electrode produces hydrogen gas whereby the electrical energy will be converted to heat with no net chemical change occurring within in the cell which ultimately can reduce the acidity in the negative plate. Free diffusion conditions are maintained upon moments of low potential which occursbetween pulse over charge stimulation whereto to ensure the chemical environment in both plates at the interface area with the electrolyte maintains a balanced pH ratio toprovide for precipitation/dissolution equilibrium of the lead-sulphate species that is integral of maintaining the morphologies of the respective electrode plates for successfully accumulating and storing the input charge ..

2H+ + 2e- H2 (E)

(A)

This point of use electro chemical process is used for further enhancing the combustive properties of a hydro carbon water emulsion fuel mixture, by producing safely on demand a compressed stoichimetric hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen gas mixture derived from atmospheric gases and water vapour, of which the said atmospheric water vapour vacuum inducted into the said electrolysis apparatus can recombine with the sulphuric acid contained thereof the said electrolysis apparatus at regulated moments whereby to conserve free water reserves needed for the disassociation of Hydrogen and Oxygen from the water component comprising the weak acid electrolyte.

The gas generated by the aforesaid contrivance can be introduced by central injection into a combustion chamber of any given engine with a corresponding hydrocarbon fuel mixture however it is preferred that such hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen gas mixture to be introduced by central injection or port injection into a combustion chamber of a given engine with a corresponding mixture of an isooctane and water emulsion fuel whereby the said emulsion fuel may also be pigmented accordingly to the scope of this invention.

The flame of this gas mixture when emitted from a torch possesses within its overall sheath several distinct regions called mantles, having of this flame a small yellow orange cone with a longer, bright yellow extension and an outer transparent sheath, the most unusual property of the flame is that it radiates very little heat, but upon application to an element or compound of elements, the flame increases its temperature due to an interactive combustion property which is one of the unique characteristics of this gas blend.

There is no apparent heating limit of the flame when applied to various materials as the local environment of the combustion will determine the extent of incremental calorific energy supplied and released.

The heat released is dependent on the material that the flame is in contact with, whereby the heat output of the flame is discriminating elementally whereby individual elements react differently.

By example the temperature of the flame while in contact with ambient air is typically 139 ° C, however when the flame is applied to pure elemental carbon, the carbon material melts and thereto boils to near white incandescence and globulates, upon this condition the temperature is measured at 4827 °C.

Upon cooling of the carbon material which was subject to the Hydroxy-Nitro gas flame there was a reduction of volume with no appreciable reduction of the materials mass and thereby a corresponding increase of density and increase in hardness due to crystallisation of the carbon material.

Further example is cited when this Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen gas flame is applied to a tungsten wire filament, the tungsten material melted into a globule and thereto also boiled to near white incandescence, upon this condition the temperature is measured at 5660° C.

Both the Hydrogen,Oxygen, Nitrogen fuel gas mixture and a hydrocarbon-water emulsion fuel mixture are to be simultaneously introduced within an engines internal combustion chamber.

Such combination of the aforesaid fuels and oxidant mixture that are confined within a given combustion chamber can be subsequently compression ignited or spark ignited pending whether it is a cetane water emulsion fuel mixture or an isooctane water emulsion fuel mixture.

Upon ignition of the of the said fuel mixture, the hydrogen gas fuel shall initiate a process whereto further disassociate Hydrogen and Oxygen molecules from the microscopic water droplets suspended therein the said hydrocarbon-water emulsion fuel and contribute to an enriched hydrogen and oxygen atmosphere for the complete combustion and disassociation of hydrocarbon molecules contained also therein the combustion chamber, the rapid flame speed of atomic hydrogen and oxygen interspersed through the isooctane fuel will provide a chain reaction of which the atomised water droplets and water vapour shall flash boil into steam and expand 1670 times in volume whereby the oxygen and hydrogen molecules comprising of the super heated steam shall also disassociate into free radicals due to the high temperature heat of combustion of the combined fuels and oxidant contained therein the combustion chamber under pressure.

The oxygen and hydrogen radicals are liberated from the water component by thermolysis and are also combusted upon simultaneous ignition of the primary fuels defined as the isooctane and hydrogen gas or cetane and hydrogen gas, whereby the volumetric expansion of the hydrogen and oxygen free radicals upon combustion shall expand 1830 times providing for a total expansion of 3500 times the initial volume of the water component introduced into the combustion chamber.

In addition, both the primary fuels of Isooctane and Hydrogen shall expand upon combustion,whereby Isooctane fuel shall expand 1570 times and respectively the Hydrogen fuel , shall expand 1860 times.

The combined volumetric expansion of this said fuels mixture will upon combustion expand by a total factor of 3780 times whereby producing higher pressure from a faster burn and provide for a longer effective power stroke which produces more torque and work utilising lesser Isooctane fuel and cooler exhaust temperatures which show that more work is derived during the power stroke comparative to a same engine, using hydro carbon fuel only. Thus injecting hydrogen and oxygen gas into the combustion chamber by central injection with either an Isooctane (C8H18), Heptane Petroleum (C7H16 ) or n-hexadecane Diesel (C16H34) water emulsion fuel, will upon ignition accelerate the initiation and subsequent propagation of flames over a wide range of air fuel ratios, including fast flowing air-fuel mixtures giving the entire fuel mixture an extremely fast flame rate which is initiated by free Hydrogen and Oxygen radicals that enable simultaneous ignition of the fuels mixture all at once, thereby no flame front exists and without such there is no pressure wave to create piston knock.

The said starved electrolyte gas recombinant electrolyser apparatus may also be used for enhancing the combustive properties of a hydro carbon water emulsion fuel mixture alternatively by direct electrolysis and simultaneous heating of the said hydrocarbon water emulsion fuel mixture for gasifying the said hydrocarbon water emulsion fuel at point of use A flow of liquid hydrocarbon water emulsion fuel is conveyed by fuel line to the said water reservoir which is provided for within the header space above the electrode plates and separator plates, whereby the liquid hydrocarbon water emulsion fuel is pumped on demand, into the said electrolysis cell header space comprising of the starved electrolyte gas recombinant electrolyser apparatus, thereto the water component comprising of preferrably an isooctane water emulsion fuel is subject to electrolysis, for purpose of disassociating Hydrogen and Oxygen molecules from the water component comprising of the said emulsion fuel and provide for a hydrogen and an oxygen gas fuel mixture, the heat generated by the said electrolysis process of the emulsion fuel’s water component shall thermally vaporise the elements comprising of the emulsion’s component of isooctane which typically vaporise at temperatures of 90 degrees Celsius and below.Utilising the aforementioned point of use process using the aforesaid starved electrolyte gas recombinant electrolyser apparatus to gasify an isooctane water emulsion fuel, dehydration of the water component comprising of the sulphuric acid electrolyte does not occur when the electrolyser reaches a level of thermal runaway from long hours of usage due to an adequate supply of free water contained therein the isooctane water emulsion which is stored in a reservoir provided for within the header space above the electrode plates and separator plates.The resultant combustive gases which are produced on demand by this said electrolytic and thermolytic process for fractionating a preformed isooctane water emulsion fuel, is a mixture of an Isooctane vaporate, Hydrogen gas,Oxygen gas and other trace gases. The Isooctane vaporate, Hydrogen gas,Oxygen gas mixture generated by the aforesaid contrivance is common ducted via the said electrolyser’s manifold assembly and gas fuel line whereto be introduced into the carburetor for dispersal in to the combustion chamber by central injection or alternatively port injection of the said fuel gas mixture into a combustion chamber of a given engine. Gasifying the said hydrocarbon water emulsion fuel will result in a greater efficiency of combustion of the engine and substantial reductions of internal engine wear and reduction of carbon and sludge deposits, whereby a liquid fuel is the main cause of internal engine wear due to a liquid fuel can wash past the piston rings during cold engine startup which results in dilution of the oil lubricant and causes the oil to break down and lose it's ability to lubricate and seal the rings, in turn promoting what is called blow by. This is when the combustion chamber fuel charge is ignited, and the enormous pressure in the cylinder can't be contained by the rings. It causes the gases to leak past the piston and contaminate the oil even further.This invention of Improved Additive and Processes used for Hydrogen and Oxygen enrichment of a combustible hydro-carbon fuel mixture as claimed herein, allows for the powering of aspirated engines and direct- or indirect-injection engines with an environmentally friendly alternative fuel mixture without compromising operating conditions of an engine which is substantially identical to the operating conditions of an engine using conventional hydrocarbon fuels. The invention thus conceived is susceptible to numerous modifications and variations, all of which are within the scope of the inventive concept.

HYDROLEUM FUEL TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS

2 and 4 stroke S.I automotive engines

Diesel Engines

Irrigational pumping

Rural electric power plants.

Seawater desalination plants.

Off the grid domestic power supply.

Supplementary urban domestic power supply.

Marine engines

Locomotive engines

Military power supply

Emergency services power supply

Third World Energy Infra structure

Carbon Credit Trading schemes

HYDROLEUM FUEL INVESTMENT SUMMARY

M.A.C.A Corporation is offering limited opportunity to the general public to become partner and participant in several global business sectors such as Energy, Water and Conservation that will enjoy considerable growth. The Executors of M.A.C.A Corporation welcome the prospects of forming partnerships with the common good for investing in the preservation of Earths future and enacting benevolence. In return M.A.C.A Corporation should issue to the participants excellent returns derived from Futures Investment.

This project offers an opportunity to participate in a sector of the economy likely to continue to enjoy substantial growth as world demands on energy consumption increase, and as most countries are searching for planet friendly forms of “clean” energy generation to meet growing market demands.

M.A.C.A Corporation will be negotiating with interested parties in America, Australia and the Asia Pacific region for assisting global implementation and

use of all the technologies under license and partnership agreements. Investors should consider partnership by investment in M.A.C.A Corporation is dedicated for the exploitation of all M.A.C.A Corporation advanced technologies and that such investment for share hold of the technologies are defined as Futures Investment.

Hydroleum Water Emulsion Fuels technology offers;

1. An opportunity to consider investment in an enterprise encompassing global growth in the energy generation sector.

2. Hydroleum emulsion fuels have been proven as a product with unique and innovative characteristics and is subject to continued research and development for developing greater efficiency.

3. Hydroleum emulsion fuels have many environmental advantages and a wide range of applications.

4. Based on a 9 year market projection of energy and power requirements, our minimum target market share estimates would return to the Group and all share hold partners, US $ 75 Million Dollars in revenue.

GLOBAL MARKETS

M.A.C.A Corporation has established a primary market target for the Hydroleum emulsion Fuel blends whereto create a public demand for mass usage of Hydroleum Emulsion Water Fuels by catering for a large range of blends to be adapted to varied sized vehicle engines and hydrocarbon fueled products suited for domestic market, industrial, urban and rural usage.

Further proposed are Stargas Electrolyser / Hydroleum fueled generator product lines which will provide low cost small and large scale, DC or AC off the grid and or supplementary domestic power systems. This will enable consumers to reduce their consumption of energy derived typically from the electricity grid or diminish the dependency of expensive grid electricity power supplied from electricity utilities companies.

Previously defined Stargas Electrolyser fuel gas generator applications will be launched to market in priority order, dependent on various market identified needs and requirements.

INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY

M.A.C.A Corporation is offering limited opportunity to the general public to become partner and participant in several global business sectors such as Energy, Water and Conservation that will enjoy considerable growth.

The Executors of M.A.C.A Corporation welcome the prospects of forming partnerships with the common good for investing in the preservation of Earths future and enacting benevolence. In return M.A.C.A Corporation Group shall issue to the participants excellent returns derived from Futures Investment.

For information on Mergers Acquisition Consolidation Australasia partnership opportunities or further details of our specific products and services.

CONTACT US

For direct contact and enquiries-

John E M Rayner

5 Arbuthnot Parade.

Benowa, Queensland

Australia. 4217

PH 0481158702