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&&lrH¥$îUm` Z‘…&&&&lr‘XmMm`©MaUH$‘boä`mo Z‘…&&

gånmXH$s`

CnH«$‘ : ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©MaUHo$ {ÛVr`mË‘O Jmoñdm‘r lr{dÆ>bZmW à wMaU

Ûmam {da{MV "{dÛÝ‘ÊS >Z' "^pŠVh §g' "^pŠVh oV w {ZU ©`' Ed §"‘wpŠVVmaVå`{Zê$nU‘²' Bg gåàXm`Ho$ àW‘ dmXJ«ÝW h¢. BZHo$ ~mXAdVmadmXmdbrH$ma Jmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘Orgo nyd©dVu ^r VWm níMmX²dVu ^rH${Vn` {dÛmZm|Ho$ Ûmam dmXe¡br‘| hr {da{MV Hw$N> AÝ` r J«ÝW Bg gåàXm`‘|CnbãY hmoVo h¢. CnXoemË‘H$ {dnwb àH$aUJ«ÝWamerHo$ àUoVm ‘hmZw md lrh[aam`OrÛmam ^r {da{MV VWm Bg IÊS>‘| àH$mí`‘mZ "~«ô‘dmX' Zm‘H$ nÚmË‘H$ VWmJÚmË‘H$ Xmo bKw dmXJ«ÝW `hm§ {deofV… CëboIZr` bJVo h¢. Bgr Vah AÝ`^r Hw$N> dmXJ«ÝW AdVmadmXmdbrgo ^r nyd©H$m{bH$ ^r VWm níMmËH$m{bH$ ^raMZm | h¢ Omo `hm§ àH$m{eV hmoZo Om ahr h¢.

"~«ô‘dmX' nXgo A{^àoV AW© : lm¡V gm{hË`‘| "~«ô‘dmX' `m "~«ô‘dmXr' g§kmHo$ AÝVJ©V "~«ô‘' nX O¡go

na‘VÎdH$m dmMH$ ‘mZm J`m h¡ d¡go hr ñd § doXH$m dmMH$ ^r ‘mZm J`m h¡.`Wm Cn{ZfXm|‘| hr O~ ídoVmídVamon{ZfX²Ho$ ""~«ô‘dmXr nyN>Vo h¢ {H$ h‘mamH$maU^yV VÎd Š`m h¡? ~«ô‘ Š`m-H¡$gm h¡? h‘ H$hm§go n¡Xm hþdo h¢?{H$gHo$ AmYmana Or aho h¢? h‘ H$hm§ gåà{V{ð>V h¢?'' (ídoVm.Cn.1&1)Bg dMZ‘| Omo ~«ô‘{Okmgm àH$Q> hþ r h¡ Vmo `hm§ "~«ô‘'nXH$mo na‘VÎdH$mA{^Ym`H$ g‘PZm Mm{h o. O~{H$ N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX²Ho$ ""~«ô‘dmXr H$hVo h¢{H$ dgwAm|H$m àmV…gdZ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a éÐm|H$m {XZHo$ ‘Ü`môZ‘|...''(N>mÝXmo.Cn.2&24&1) Vmo Eogo dMZm|‘| "~«ô‘'nXH$mo doXm|H$s eãXamerHo$A{^Ym`H$V`m hr ñdrH$maZm C{MV bJVm h¡.

F$½doXH$s g§{hVm‘|, AVEd, O~ EH$ Jå^ra Xme©{ZH$ àíZ ‘Zr{f`m|Ho$g§‘wI {d‘em©W© àñVwV {H$`m J`m {H$ ""{H$g dZ‘| go, H$m¡Zgo d¥jH$mo VameH$a o ÚwbmoH$ Am¡a n¥{WdrbmoH$ g§dmao J o h¢? Aao ‘Zr{fAmo H$^r AnZo‘Zgo ^r nyN> H$a Vmo XoImo {H$ BZ wdZm|H$mo VameZodmboZo H$hm§ I‹S>o hmo H$aBÝh| Vamem Wm'' (F$Šg§{h.10&8&4) Am¡a V~ CgHo$ g‘mYmZV`m OmoV¡{Îmar`~«mô‘UZo g¡ÕmpÝVH$ KmofUm H$s {H$ ""dh dZ ~«ô‘ Wm, dh d¥j ^rñd`§ ~«ô‘ Wm, {Ogo Vame H$a `o ÚwbmoH$ Am¡a n¥{WdrbmoH$ g§dmao J`o.‘Zr{fAmo ‘¢ AnZo ‘Z‘| {ZJy‹T> ahñ` ~Vm o XoVm hþ§ {H$ BÝh| VameZodmbo ~«ô‘Zoñd § AnZo D$na I‹S>o hmo H$a BZ wdZm|H$mo Vamem h¡'' (V¡{Îm.~«mô‘.2&8&9&7)Vmo Bg dMZH$mo h‘| ~«ô‘dmXH$m ‘m¡{bH$ CX²Kmof hr ‘mZZm n‹S>Vm h¡.

gwñnï> eãXm|‘| Bg lw{VdMZ‘| g¥{ï>Ho$ A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZV`m ~«ô‘H$mà{VnmXZ hmo ahm h¡. AVEd A§emË‘Zm ~«ô‘H$m n[aUmå wnmXmZ hmoZm, A§erH$Vm© VWm Cg g¥{ï>H$Vm©Ho$ AmYmaV`m ^r EH$‘mÌ ñdmË‘à{V{ð>V ~«ô‘H$mo hrñdrH$maZm, H$m`©-H$maUHo$ ~rM ^oXg{hîUw A^oXê$n VmXmËå` `m ^mdmË‘H$AÛ¡V ñdrH$maZm, `o hr Vmo ~«ô‘dmXHo$ à‘wI ‘wÔo h¢. `m| ñ’w$Q>V‘ eãXm|‘|~«ô‘dmXHo$ {gÕmÝVH$m {Zê$nU hr Bg dMZ‘| hþdm h¡, `h ñdrH$maZm Mm{h o.

Bg dMZH$m g§dmX ^r nwZ… F$½doX‘| nwéfgyŠVHo$ AYmo{Z{X©ï> dMZHo$ gmW{Z{d©dmX PbH$Vm hr h¡ ""`h g^r Hw$N> nwéf hr h¡, Mmho H$moB© dñVw yVH$mbrZhmo `m ^{dî`ËH$mbrZ. dh nwéf Vmo Eogr A‘¥VVmH$m B©ída h¡ Omo AÝZ `mAÝZ‘` àm{UAm|‘| ^r {Vamo{hV hmo Zht nmVm. Š`m|{H$ CgH$s ì`mnH$‘{h‘m hr Eogr h¡. AÝ`Wm dh Vmo ñd`§ Bggo ^r H$ht A{YH$ ì`mnH$nwéf h¡. Š`m|{H$ CgHo$ EH$ nmX‘| o gmao ‘Ë © yV Am OmVo h¢ Am¡a CgHo$VrZ nmX Vmo A‘¥V ÚwbmoH$‘| hr ahVo h¢'' (F$Šg§{h.10&90&2-3).

Bg F$Šg§{hVmHo$ dMZ‘| ^r ~«ô‘H$m A§eoZ OJXmË‘Zm n[aUV hmoZm, Cgn[aUV OJV²Ho$ yVH$mb dV©‘mZH$mb Am¡a ^{dî`ËH$mb ‘| n[apÀN>ÝZ hmoZona^r {ZOH$maUmË‘Zm H$mbÌ`mVrV `m An[apÀN>ÝZ ^r hmoZm; AWm©V² g¥{ï>JV

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AÝZ VWm AÝZ‘` àm{Un ©ÝV H$m {ZO CnmXmZH$maUgo A{^ÝZ hmoZm `m CgH$maUnwéfH$m BZ‘| A{Vamo{hV hmoZm; AVEd H$m`m©Ë‘Zm n[aUV hmoZona ^rA§{eê$noU ‘yb H$maUH$m H$m`m©VrV ^r hmoZm, BË`m{X AZoH$ nhbw ~«ô‘dmXHo$`hm§ BX{‘ËWå^mdoZ {ZYm©[aV hmo OmVo h¢.

‘yb‘| `hr H$maU h¡ {H$ doXmW©{dMma‘| àd¥Îm ‘h{f© O¡{‘{Z Am¡a ‘h{f©~mXam`U ""AWmVmo Y‘©{Okmgm'' (ny.‘r.gy.1&1&1) gyÌ‘| Cg doXmW©H$mo Y‘©V`m{Zê${nV H$aZoHo$ ~mdOyX CÎma‘r‘m§gmgyÌ‘| doXm|Ho$ dmÀ`mW© yV na‘VÎdH$m A{^YmZ^r "~«ô‘'nXÛmam hr H$aVo h¢ ""AWmVmo ~«ô‘{Okmgm'' (~«.gy.1&1&1). AVEd^JdX²JrVmHo$ ^r ""H$‘© ~«ô‘go àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ~«ô‘ Aja~«ô‘go. AV…gd©JV ~«ô‘ Vmo `km|‘| ^r {ZË` à{V{ð>V ahVm h¡'' (^J.JrVm.3&15) BgdMZ‘| ^r Bgr VÏ`H$mo g‘W©Z {‘b ahm h¡.

~«ô‘‘r‘m§gm hmoZoHo$ H$maU ‘ybV… g^r doXmÝVgåàXm`m|H$m ~«ô‘dmXrhmoZm Amdí`H$ h¡ :

BZ dMZm|H$mo ^br^m§{V Ñ{ï>JV H$aZona d¡go Vmo doX-doXmÝVHo$ g^rgåàXm`m|H$m ~«ô‘dmXr hmoZm An[ahm © bJVm h¡. {’$a^r lw{Và{Vnm{XV ~«ô‘dmXHo$ñdê$n m ñdmañ` na bú` XoZona {H$go ~«ô‘dmXr ‘mZZm m {H$go Z ‘mZZm h{df` ^r {deX {d‘e©H$s Anojm Vmo aIVm hr h¡.

‘hmà wH$m Vmo Bg {df`‘| `hr ñnï> A{^àm` h¡ {H$ dmMH$ lw{VeãX Am¡aCZgo dmÀ`mW©^yV VÎd XmoZm|H$s "~«ô‘'nXdmÀ`Vm bú`JV H$aZona XmoZm| hrVÎd BVaoVamË‘H$ hmoZona ^r brb`m Û¡V^mdmnÝZ hþdo h¢. AVEd ‘hmà w H$hVoh¢ ""ê$nànÄMH$mo àH$Q> H$aZoHo$ ~mX Cg‘| AmgŠV hmo OmZodmbo AnZo{MX§em|H$s {df`mgpŠVH$mo jrU ~ZmZoH$mo AWm©V² OrdmË‘mAm|Ho$AÝV…H$aU‘| na‘mË‘mH$m Hw$N> AmH$bZ hmo nm o EVXW© na‘mË‘mZo AnZo-AmnH$mo lw{VHo$ eãXm|Ho$ ê$n‘| àH$Q> {H$`m.'' (V.Xr.{Z.2&18). ‘hmà w,AVEd, ~«ô‘gyÌ^mî`‘| Cg na‘VÎdH$m {dMma BVaà‘mU{Zanoj {ZOmË‘mZw y{V{gÕVÎdHo$ ê$n‘| H$aZoHo$ ~Om` doXmÝVm{X emñÌm|Ho$ à‘o V`m hr H$aZm MmhVo h¢ :

""`hm§ `h {dMmaUr` bJVm h¡ {H$ doXmÝVm|H$m {dMma Amaå^H$aZm Mm{h`o AWdm Zht?... Hw$N> {dÛmZ² Eogm gmoMVo h¢ {H$doXmW©Ho$ Ho$db kmZ‘mÌ àmßV H$aZoH$mo doXmÝVH$m {dMma H$aZmAmdí`H$ Zht h¡. Am¡a Š`m|{H$ ~«ô‘Ho$ Abmdm Am¡a Vmo {H$grH$mApñVËd hr Z hmoZogo Am¡a dh ~«ô‘ Vmo ñd § h‘mao ^rVa AmË‘V`mAdpñWV ^r h¡ hr, AV… ~«ô‘kmZmW© hr {dMma Amdí`H$ hmoVmh¡... h YmaUm, naÝVw, C{MV Zht bJVr h¡. Š`m|{H$ AnZr ~w{ÕgodoXmW©H$s n[aH$ënZm H$aHo$ Ho$db VXW© {dMma H$aZm H¡$go C{MVhmo gH$Vm h¡? lw{V‘| Vmo gwñnï> eãXm|‘| H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ "CgAm¡n{ZfX nwéfHo$ ~mao‘| Hw$N> nyN>Zm MmhVm hþ§' AV… Bg dMZHo$AmYmana ~«ô‘ Vmo Ho$db Cn{ZfXm|H$m hr à‘o {gÕ hmoVm h¡. EogoCg à‘o`H$mo AÝ` emñÌm|go H¡$go OmZm Om gH$Vm h¡. AV… `h~«ô‘‘r‘m§gm H$moB© ñdVÝÌ emñÌ hmo Vmo CgHo$ AmYmana {‘bVm kmZ~«ô‘kmZ Zht ‘mZm Om gH$Vm... AV… doXmW©ê$n ~«ô‘H$mdoXmZwHy$b {dMma hr h‘mao{b`o H$V©ì`V`m Ad{eï> ah OmVm h¡.Eogr pñW{V‘| doXdMZm|H$s Ho$db ì`m»`m H$aZm hr h‘mam H$V©ì`~Z OmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ì`m»`m H$aZogo dMZm|Ho$ {deof A{^àm`àH$Q> hmo nmVo h¢.''

(~«.gy.^m.1&1&1).

AVEd H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| ~«ô‘H$m lm¡V eãXm|go Jå``m àH$mí` hmoZm, ~«ô‘H$s ñdàH$meê$nVmH$m hr EH$ brbmË‘H$ {dñVma h¡.^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm ©Ho$ {ZVmÝV ‘ZZr` dMZm|Ho$ gmW Bg YmaUmH$m g§dmX^r AdbmoH$Zr` h¡ ""B©ídaH$mo OJV²H$m H$Vm© ‘mZZodmbo OJV²Ho$ OÝ‘Am{XH$mo hoVw ~Zm H$a CgHo$ H$Vm© hmoZoH$m AZw‘mZ H$aVo h¢, naÝVw EogmAZw‘mZ doXmÝVgyÌm|‘| {H$`m Zht OmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ o doXmÝVgyÌ Vmo nwînmon‘doXmÝVHo$ dMZm|H$s ‘mbm Jy§WZoH$mo hr àd¥Îm hþdo h¢ Z{H$ AZw‘mZ Am{X ñdVÝÌà‘mUm|Ho$ ~bna ~«ô‘H$m kmZ àmßV H$aZo. OJV²H$mo ~«ô‘‘| go CËnÝZ hþdm,dht pñWV Am¡a AÝV‘| dht brZ hmoZoH$m à{VnmXZ H$aZodmbo doXmÝVHo$

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dMZm|Ho$ AmYmana Cg VÏ`Ho$ ÑT>rH$aUmW© `{X H$moB© AZw‘mZ {H$`m OmVmhmo Vmo dh Amn{ÎmOZH$ Zht hmoVm'' (~«.gy.em§.^m.1&1&2).

AVEd bmoH$‘| àË`jm{X à‘mUmog| Jå` AWm©V² AZw y{VJmoMa hmoVo {df`m|H$m^r lm¡V eãXm|go JmoMa ~«mpô‘H$ ê$n, H$Xm{MV² bm¡{H$H$ à‘mUm|go ~mÜ`V`màVrV hmoVm hmoZona ^r, dñVwV… ~mYmh© Zht ‘mZm OmVm. CXmhaUV`m gd©WmdmñV{dH$V`m àVrV hmoVo dñÌm{X{Z{‘©V nwînJwÀN>m|H$m MjwJmoMa ê$n, ËdMmgoJmoMa ~ZVr AnZr dñÌmonmXmZmË‘H$VmH$mo ~m{YV Zht H$a nmVm. AV… {ZîH$f©ê$noUXmo ‘hÎdnyU© {dYmZ ‘hmà w H$aVo h¢ :

1.{OZ lw{VHo$ dMZm|‘| ~«ô‘H$m OJV²H$m H$maU hmoZmà{Vnm{XV hþdm h¡, dhm§ ‘w»`mW©H$m ~mY Zht H$aZm Mm{h o, Š`m|{H$lw{V‘| ~«ô‘Ho$ hr H$m ©V`m OJV²H$m à{VnmXZ {H$`m J`m h¡. AV…Eogo Vmo ‘mZm Zht ‘mZm Om gH$Vm {H$ AZm{X A{dH$mar ~«ô‘‘|CËn{Îm{dZmeembr {dH$mar OJV²Ho$ ApñVËdHo$ {ZfoYmW© hrCËn{ÎmH$m {Zê$nU {H$`m J`m h¡. Š`m|{H$ V~ Vmo OJV²H$s gÎmmàË`jmZw^y{V‘| dmñV{dH$ Zht bJZr Mm{h`o Wr. `{X Ho$dbdoX~mo{YV hmoZogo OJV²H$s àVr{V hmoVr hmo V~ Vmo dh H$Wm gå^dhmo nmVr {H$ OJV²Ho$ {ZfoY H$aZogo nhbo doX Cgo à{Vnm{XV H$a ahoh¢ Am¡a ~mX‘| {ZfoY. OJV²H$s àVr{V Vmo AÝ`Wm ^r bmoH${gÕ hrh¡. AV… Eogo OJV²H$m H$Vm© H$m¡Z hmo gH$Vm h¡, `h bmoH$àVr{VHo$AmYmana {gÕ Z hmoVm hmoZogo, dhr VÏ` doXÛmam {Zê${nV hmo ahmh¡. bmoH$àVr{V{gÕ OJV²H$m AZwdmX H$a, AVEd, CgHo$ g‘dm`rH$Vm©H$m à{VnmXZ hr doXm{^àoV bJVm h¡. Eogr pñW{V‘| `{X ñd §doX OJV²H$m {ZfoY H$aZo bJo Vmo OJÐÿn H$m ©Ho$ Vmo {dÚ‘mZV`màVr{VJmoMa hmoZogo Am¡a AÝ` {H$gr VahHo$ H$m`©Ho$ `m H$Vm©Ho${dÚ‘mZ Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU ñd § lw{VH$m {dd{jV AW© hr ~m{YV hmoOm`oJm.''

2.""OJV²Ho$ àË oH$ {df` nañna g‘mZ hr hmoVo h¢. CZ‘| {H$grVahH$m VmaVå` Zht hmoVm. AVEd hm§ g^r Hw$N> AIÊS> H¥$îUê$n

hr hmoVm h¡. dhr na‘mË‘m h g~ Hw$N> ~Zm h¡. gd© dZg‘W© hmoZogodhr àH$Q> H$aZodmbm Am¡a àH$Q> hmoZodmbm ^r ~ZVm h¡. {dídmË‘mhmoZoHo$ H$maU dhr g^r ê$nm|‘| nm{bV ^r hmo ahm h¡ Am¡a nmbH$ ^rdhr h¡. na‘oída hmoZoHo$ H$maU dh ñd § Cng§öV ^r hmoVm h¡ Am¡adhr Cng§hmaH$ ^r ~ZVm h¡. "AmË‘¡d VX² BX§ gd©‘²'-"~«ô‘¡d VX²BX§' BZ lw{VAm|Ho$ AmYmana Eogm hr {gÕ hmoVm h¡. BgrH$mo"~«ô‘dmX' H$hVo h¢. Am¡a Vmo gmar ~mV| ‘mohZmW© hr H$pënV bJVrh¢''.

(V.Xr.{Z.à.1&83,2&182-184).

AVEd ‘hmà^w H$hVo h¢ ""^JdmZ² H¥$îU Eogo AX² wVH$‘m© h¢ {H$ Omoñd § AnZo {Xì` ê$n-Zm‘m|Ho$ {d oXH$mo àH$Q> H$a H«$s‹S>m H$aVo h¢. do ñd §àmH¥$V ê$n-Zm‘m|dmbo OJV²H$m ^r ê$n YmaU H$a H«$s‹S>m H$aVo h¢. do {H$gr^r VahHo$ ê$n-Zm‘m|H$mo YmaU {H$ o {~Zm r AnZr A{dÚm epŠVHo$ ÛmamOrdmË‘mHo$ ^rVa d¡gr AZw y{V ^r àH$Q> H$a gH$Vo h¢''. (V.Xr.{Z.1&1).

AV… g^r Hw$N> ~«ô‘monmXmZH$ hmoZogo ~«mpô‘H$ hmoVm h¡, gpÀMXmZÝXê$n~«ô‘H$s Am§{eH$ gÎmm Am§{eH$ M¡VÝ` Am¡a Am§{eH$ AmZÝX go àH$Q> hmoVrbrbm hr BZ AZoH${dY Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ ê$nm|‘| A{^ì`ŠV hmo ahr h¡. AÝV‘|^r gpÀMXmZÝXmË‘H$ ~«ô‘‘| hr `h g~ Hw$N> brZ hmoZodmbm h¡. AV… Ho$dbà‘mU-à‘o m|H$s {d{^ÝZVm‘| hr Zht A{nVw gmYZ-’$bm|H$s AZoH${dYVm‘| ^r~«mpô‘H$ brbmg§H$ënH$m AZw md hr àH$Q> hmoVm ‘mZZm Amdí`H$ hmo OmVm h¡.AVEd ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢ :

""doXHo$ nyd©H$mÊS>‘| lrh[aHo$ {H«$`mepŠVê$n `kê$nm|H$m{dYmZ hþdm h¡. doXHo$ CÎmaH$mÊS>‘| lrh[aHo$ kmZ Am¡a ko` `m|C^`epŠVê$n ~«ô‘ñdê$nH$m à{VnmXZ hþdm h¡. BZ {H«$`mepŠVAm¡a kmZepŠV XmoZm|go {d{eï> AdVmar lrh[aH$m ^mJdVnwamU‘|lrH¥$îUHo$ ê$n‘| {Zê$nU hþdm h¡. gy m©{X AZoH$ XodVmAm|Ho$ ê$nm|H$moYmaU H$aZodmbo VÎmÐÿn lrh[aH$m VÎmV² nwamUm|‘| {Zê$nU

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kmZH$mÊS>Ho$ A§JV`m hþdm h¡. d¡go Vmo BZ‘|go {H$gr ^r ê$n‘| ^OZgå^d h¡ {’$a^r Am{X‘y{V© lrH¥$îU hr gm wÁ`H$m‘Zmde godZr`hmoZo Mm{h`o. Š`m|{H$ àH¥${VH$s JwUÌ`rgo AVrV ‘wpŠV Vmo BgràH¥${Vgo AVrV na‘VÎdHo$ H$maU hmoVr h¡... AVEd Omo Bg VahHo$g^r Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]go A{^ÝZVmH$mo OmZ H$a ^r lrH¥$îUHo$^OZ‘| VËna hmo nmVm h¡ Cggo ~‹T> H$a kmZr AÝ` H$m¡Z hmo gH$Vmh¡''

(V.Xr.{Z.1&11-14).

"~«ô‘dmX'H$m ’${bVmW© à‘mU à‘o` gmYZ `m ’$b g^rH$s~«ô‘mË‘H$VmH$m A§JrH$ma :

AWm©V² Bg g¥{ï>‘| à‘mU à‘o gmYZ Am¡a ’$b g^r Hw$N> ~«ô‘mË‘H$ h¢.AVEd ^mî`‘| `h H$hm J`m h¡ :

"""Cgo EH$m{H$V`m a‘U H$aZm gwhm`m Zht, Cgo XygaoH$sA{^bmfm hþ r Am¡a `h {XIbm`r XoVm gmam OJV² dhr ~Z J`m',Eogo lw{VdMZm|Ho$ AmYmana, "D$na CR>mZo `m ZrMo nQ>H$Zo H$mo dhrh‘go AÀN>o/~wao H$‘© H$admVm h¡' Eogo dMZm|Ho$ ^r AmYmana CZ-CZ gmYZm|H$mo H$adm H$a CZ-CZ ’$bm|H$m XmZ XoVo ^`o ^JdmZ²AnZr H«$s‹S>mHo$ hoVw OJV²Ho$ ê$n‘| Am{d y©V hmo H$a H«$s‹S>m H$aVo h¢,Eogm d¡{XH$m|H$m {ZYm©a h¡.''

(~«.gy.^m.1&1&11). AVEd ‘hmà wZo h à{Vnm{XV {H$`m h¡ ""AnZr ñd §H$s BÀN>mHo$ AZwê$n

Ap½Z‘|go {MZJmarH$s Vah gpÀMXmZÝXê$n ~«ô‘Ho$ gX§e‘| go O‹S> nXmW©àH$Q> hmoVo h¢, {MX§e‘| go OrdmË‘m VWm AmZÝXm§e‘|go OrdmË‘mHo$ ^rVa{dÚ‘mZ AÝV`m©{‘ê$n na‘mË‘m B©ída'' (V.Xr.{Z.1&27-29). AV… g¥{ï>‘|O‹S>-Ord-B©ída VrZm|H$s ~«ô‘mË‘H$Vm {XIbmZoH$mo lw{VdMZ‘| AmVm h¡ {H$""EoVXmËå`‘² BX§ gdª, g AmË‘m, VV² (EoVXmËå`‘²) Ëd‘² A{g''(N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&8&7). Bg gÝX ©‘| ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢ :

"""`hm§ g^r Hw$N> ~«ô‘mË‘H$ h¡' Eogm H$h H$a nhbo gX§eê$nO‹S>H$s ~«ô‘mË‘H$Vm {XIbm`r J`r. O‹S>ê$n H$m`m]‘| {H$gr VahHo$Xmof Z hmoZoH$m VÏ` Cgo "dh gË` h¡' H$h H$a {XIbm`m J`m h¡.{MX§e Ordm|H$s ~«ô‘mË‘H$Vm {XIbmZogo nyd© ~rM‘| "BZH$s AmË‘mVmo dhr h¡' `h H$h H$a hoVw {XIbm`m {X`m J`m h¡. `m| O‹S>ê$nH$m`m]H$s ~«ô‘mË‘H$Vm {XIbm H$a Ordê$n A§em|H$s ^r~«ô‘mË‘H$Vm {XIbmZoH$mo hr "dhr Vw‘ hmo' H$hm Om ahm h¡. `hCnXoemË‘H$ dMZ h¡ Eogm "Amd¥{Îm… AgH¥$X² CnXoemX²' Bg~«ô‘gyÌHo$ AmYmana {gÕ hmoVm h¡. AV… `h gånyU© ‘hmdmŠ`CnXoe h¡. Bg‘| O¡go gX§eHo$ ~ma o‘ | "E oVXmËå`‘²' nX‘|^mJË`mJbjUm Zht ‘mZr d¡go hr {MX§eHo$ ~mao‘| Zht ‘mZZrMm{h o Wr... Š`m|{H$ g^r Hw$N> ~«ô‘ h¡, `h H$hZoH$mo hr OrdH$s~«ô‘Vm {Zê${nV hþ`r h¡''.

(V.Xr.{Z.à.1&61-62).

AWm©V² Ho$dbmÛ¡VmZwamoYr ì`m»`mZH$s Ñ{ï>go {dMma| Vmo dhm§ "BX§'nXgoB§{JV gX§e OS> nXmW©H$s ~«ô‘mË‘H$Vm ""gm§PHo$ Yw§YbHo$‘| {Ogo bwQ>oam g‘Paho Wo dh gyIo d¥jH$m Ry>§R> h¡'' Eogo ~mYmW©gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`Ý`m oZ ‘mZr OmVrh¡ O~{H$ "Ëd§'nXgo B§{JV hmoVo {MX§e Ord nXmW©H$s ~«ô‘mË‘H$Vm ""{OgXodXÎmH$mo nhbo H$^r nQ>Zm‘| XoIm Wm dhr A~ H$mer‘| {XIbm`r Xo ahm h¡''Eogr ^mJË`mJbjUmHo$ AmYmana ‘mZr OmVr h¡. `m| EH$ hr dmŠ`‘| EH$hob`mCn{Xï> ~«ô‘mË‘H$VmH$m Xmo Vahgo {dYmZ ‘mZZo‘| Ag‘ÄOgVm PbH$Vr h¡.AV… Eogr ì`m»`mZar{V AnZmZoHo$ ~Om` F$Ow‘mJ©H$m AZwgaU H$aVo hþdo gX§eAm¡a {MX§e XmoZm|H$mo g‘mZV`m ~«ô‘mË‘H$ ‘mZZm A{YH$ Cn wŠV bJVm h¡.

AV… "~«ô‘dmX'nXH$m ’${bVmW© hmoJm Eogm dmX {H$ {Og‘| g^r Hw$N>~«ô‘monmXmZH$V`m ~«ô‘mË‘H$ ‘mZm OmVm hmo.

9 10

~«ô‘dmX gmH$ma~«ô‘dmXHo$ ê$n‘| : àVrV hmoVm h¡ {H$ Jmoñdm‘r lr{dÆ>bZmW à wMaUZo ^r AnZo "{dÛÝ‘ÊS>Z'

Zm‘H$ J«ÝW‘| Vmo "~«ô‘dmX' g§kmH$m hr ñd‘VHo$ A{^YmZmW© à`moJ àmaå^‘|n`m©ßV ‘mZm Wm. ~mX‘| H$^r AnZo {nV¥MaUHo$ Aï>moÎmaeV Zm‘m|dmbo "gdm}Îm‘'Zm‘H$ ñVmoÌ‘| Bg "~«ô‘dmX' g§kmHo$ gmW "gmH$ma' {deofU Am¡a Omo‹S>m""gmH$ma~«ô‘dmX¡H$ñWmnH$…'' (gdm}.ñVmo.8). dh Bg ñVmoÌHo$ hr‘§JbmMaUJV ""~«ô‘ àmH¥$V Y‘m]H$m Aml` Zht hmoVm Am¡a AàmH¥$V{ZpIb-Y‘©ê$n hmoVm h¡, Eogm {ZJ‘m|‘o à{VnmÚ ewÕ gmH$ma VÎd dhh¡'' (gdm}.ñVmo.1) Eogr nXmdbrHo$ AÝVJ©V à wŠV "ewÕ" Ed§ "gmH$ma' ê$nXmoZm| nXm|Ho$ Ñ‹T>rH$aUmW© h¡. `h nwZ… ~«ô‘ AnZo H$maUñdê$nV`m àmH¥$V `m‘m{`H$ JwUY‘m]H$m Aml` Z hmo H$a AàmH¥$V JwUY‘m]H$m VmXmËå`oZ Aml`hmoVm h¡, Bg VÏ`Ho$ CnnmXZmW© h¡.

d¡go BgH$m ^r Am¡{MË` Vmo ñd § ‘hmà wH$s ""ewÕ ~«ô‘ gmH$ma hmoVmh¡, ‘m`m Vmo CgH$s CÎm‘ epŠVê$nm hmoVr h¡, Cg ‘m`mHo$ H$maU AkmZrOrdm|‘| gd©Ì {df`gå‘moh nZn OmVm h¡ {Og ‘mohgo gmjmX² ^pŠV Ûmamhr H$moB© ‘wŠV hmo nmVm h¡'' (gw~mo.1&7&4) Bg H$m[aH$mHo$ AmYmana ^r {gÕVmo hmoVm hr h¡. BgHo$ Abmdm ñd § ~«ô‘gyÌ ""gmjmX{n A{damoY§ O¡{‘{Z…''(~«.gy.1&2&28) Ho$ ^mî`‘| ~«ô‘H$s gmH$maVm `m gmH$maH$s ~«ô‘Vm H$m {dMmaH$aVo hþdo ^mî`H$maZo VrZ gå^m{dV d¡H$pënH$ nj {JZm o h¢ : 1~«ô‘ ñdoÀN>`mAmH$maJ«hU H$aVm h¡ 2~«ô‘ naoÀN>`m VÎmX{YH$mam|Ho$ AZwamoYde VÎmÁOrd¡H$J«mh²AmH$madmZ² ~ZVm h¡ 3~«ô‘ AnZo {dbjU ñdê$n `m ñd^md Ho$ AZwgma gmH$ma^r h¡ Am¡a AmH$mam|Ho$ n[aÀN>oXgo a{hV ì`mnH$ ^r. Bg gÝX^©‘| ^mî`H$maZo`Ú{n ~«ô‘gyÌH$ma ~mXam`UH$mo lw{VHo$ eãX~bna Am{lV hmoZodmbo ~«ô‘‘r‘m§gH$‘mZm, Vmo O¡{‘{ZH$mo eãX Am¡a AW© m| C^`~bna Am{lV hmoZodmbo, Amí‘aÏ`H$moeãXH$mo Jm¡U ‘mZ H$a AW©~bna Am{lV hmoZodmbo ~«ô‘‘r‘m§gH$, Vmo ~mX[aH$moHo$db AW©~bna Am{lV hmoZodmbo ~«ô‘‘r‘m§gH$ ‘mZm. BZ Mmam|‘| ‘h{f© ~mXam`UAm¡a ‘h{f© O¡{‘{Z H$s {MÝVZàUmbr‘| à oX hmoZona ^r XmoZmoHo$ {ZîH$f© g‘mZh¢ `h à{VnmXZ H$aVo hþdo ^mî`H$ma H$hVo h¢ ""O¡{‘{ZH$m ^r {gÕmÝV

gmH$ma~«ô‘dmX hr h¡'' (~«.gy.^m.1&2&28) AWm©V² ‘h{f© ~mXam`UH$mo OmoA{^‘V h¡.

Bg‘| ^r bú`‘| aIZo bm`H$ VÏ` `hr h¡ {H$ H$m ©g¥{ï>‘| àË`jV`m J¥hrVhmoVo ê$n Zm‘ H$‘© Am{X JwUY‘m]Ho$ ~rO `{X H$maUVÎd‘| {Z{hV Z ‘mZ| VmoAmH$pñ‘H$ ‘mZZo n‹S>|Jo. Bg AmH$pñ‘H$VmH$mo ^r AmH$pñ‘H$ ‘mZZm Vmo h‘maoX¡Z§{XZ AZw d-ì`dhmago {dg§JV Ñ{ï> hr AnZmZo O¡gr H$Wm ~Z OmVr h¡.BgHo$ ~Om` ~m¡Õ Xe©Z‘| àVrË`g‘wËnmX `m lm¡V Xe©Z‘| brbmW© Am{d^m©d-{Vamo^md Ho$ {Z`‘H$mo ñdrH$maZona AmH$pñ‘H$Vm ñd`§ AmH$pñ‘H$ Z hmo H$aAH$ñ‘mV² àVrV hmoVo H$m`m}ËnmX‘| {H$gr {ZJy‹T> hoVwH$mo B§{JV H$aVr gr bJVrh¡. AV… H$maU VÎd‘| {ZJy‹T> `m {Vamo{hV AmH$ma H$m ©‘| àH$Q> `m Am{d y©V hmoVo‘mZo J o h¢. `h {XIbmZoH$mo hr {nVm-nwÌ XmoZm| hr Cg ~«ô‘ê$n H$maUVÎdH$mo""ewÕ gmH$ma/gmH¥${V'' H$h aho h¢.

~«ô‘dmX ewÕmÛ¡VdmXHo$ ê$n‘| : AñVw. {’$a^r dmëb^ doXmÝVH$m `h {deofm{^YmZ CVZm àM{bV Zht hmo

nm`m {OVZm {H$ "ewÕmÛ¡VdmX' àM{bV hþdm. `h Vmo EH$ àH$Q> dmñV{dH$Vmhr h¡ {H$ BZ {nVm-nwÌm|Ho$ H$mb‘| {ZO‘VHo$ A{^YmZV`m "ewÕmÛ¡VdmX' g§km{ZYm©[aV hmo Zht nm`r Wr. dh Vmo ~hþV ~mX‘| VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY`moOZmH$malr~mbH¥$îU ^Å> VWm apí‘H$ma lr`moJr JmonoídaOr Ho$ H$mb‘| àM{bV hþ`rhmoZr Mm{h o.

Bg Eo{Vhm{gH$ VÏ`H$m gdm©{YH$ à~b à‘mU h‘ AdVmadmXmdbrH$malrnwéfmoÎm‘OrHo$ J«ÝWm|‘| nmVo h¢. dhm§ H$ht "ewÕm oX' Vmo H$ht "ewÕmÛ`' VmoH$ht "ewÕmÛ¡V' Am{X A{Z`V nXm|H$m à`moJ {‘bVm h¡. dh ^r H$^r Vmoñd‘VHo$ ê$n‘|, Vmo H$^r em§H$a‘VHo$ A{^YmZmW© ^r à wŠV {XIbm`r XoVm h¡.AV… Bg VÏ`H$s nw{ï> hmoVr h¡. Bg A{ZpíMV à`moJmpÝd{VHo$ {ZXe©ZmW©""ewÕm oXdmX r Xwï> hmoZogo Ý`m`gm‘ÄOñ`mWª VmXmËå` hr A§JrH$ma H$aHo$lwË`W©H$m {ZU© H$aZm Mm{h o''-""à‘mU~bgo ewÕmÛ¡V ñdrH¥$V hmoZoHo$H$maU H$moB© Xmof Zht hmoVm'' (gw~mo.àH$m.2&1&5-6) o Xmo dMZ ^r n`m©ßV

11 12

h¢. h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ "ewÕm^oX' Am¡a "ewÕmÛ¡V' d¡go Vmo n`m©`dmMr nXhmoZona ^r {d{^ÝZmW©H$V`m BZ n§pŠV`m|‘| à wŠV hþdo h¢.

Bg àg§J‘|, {H$pÄMX² {df`mÝVaH$s j‘m`mMZmnyd©H$, `h ñnï>rH$aU XoXoZm Amdí`H$ bJVm h¡ {H$ gåà{V h‘ lrdëb^d§eO Jmoñdm{‘Am|H$s EH$‘mÌ{Zð>m ì`mdgm{`H$ hdo{bAm|‘| Y{ZH$m|H$s Am¡a gaH$mar ‘pÝÌAm|H$s MmQw>H$m[aVmÛmam AnZo bm^-nyOmH$s A{^d¥{Õ‘| hr AnZm na‘ lo ‘mZZoH$s ê$‹T> hmo J`rh¡. AV… gåàXm`àdV©H$ ‘ybmMm`m]H$mo ^r AnZo O¡gm hr h‘ ‘mZZo bJo h¢lre§H$amMm © lram‘mZwOm © AWdm lr‘ÜdmMm © Am{X {H$gr r AmMm ©Zo gaH$mar‘mÝ`VmHo$ de AmMm ©Ëdbm^ Zht {H$`m Wm. {’$a^r h‘| AnZr ‘mZ{gH$VmHo$AZwê$n, {H$ÝVw, Eogm bJVm h¡ {H$ ‘hmà wH$m AmMm ©Ëd VËH$mbrZ {H$gr amOm`m amÁ` Ûmam àXÎm `m ‘mÝ` Z hmoZona CZHo$ ‘mhmËå`‘| Hw$N> Ý`yZVm AmQ>nHo$Jr. AVEd {‘Ï`màMma H$aVo h¢ {H$ {dO`ZJagm‘«mÁ`Ûmam H$ZH$m{^foH$H$s{~éXmdbr‘| hr ""ewÕmÛ¡VgåàXm`àdV©H$'' {deofU ‘hmà wHo$ Zm‘Ho$ gmWOmo‹S>m J`m Wm O~{H$ ‘hmà wH$s X{jU`mÌmHo$ g‘` H¥$îUXodam` amOqghmgZnaAmê$‹T> Zhr hmo nm o Wo Am¡a O~ do Amê$‹T> hþdo V~ ‘hmà wHo$ X{jU`mÌmHo$d¥ÎmmÝV CnbãY Zht hmoVo do H¥$îU^ŠV Adí` Wo naÝVw lre§H$amMm ©H$mo hrAnZm Jwé ‘mZVo Wo `h em§H$a nrR>H$mo {X o J o Vm‘«nÌm|Ho$ AmYmana ñnï> hrh¡. gdm©{YH$ AmíM ©OZH$ ~mV Vmo `hr bJVr h¡ {H$ Z Vmo ‘hmà w Am¡a Zà wMaU Ho$ J«ÝWm|‘| "ewÕmÛ¡V' Zm‘ H$ht AnZo ‘VHo$ A{^YmZV`m CpëbpIVhþdm h¡

~mX‘|, O¡gm {H$ ‘hmà wH$s CpëbpIV H$m[aH$m ""ewÕ gmH$ma ~«ô‘''Ho$ nXm|Ho$ ’${bVmW©Ho$ ê$n‘| ~«ô‘mÛ¡VHo$ gmW "gmH$ma'Ho$ ~Om` "ewÕ' nXA{YH$ AW©dmhH$ bJVm hmoZogo ‘Ü`‘nXbmonZÛmam "ewÕmÛ¡V'dmX A{^YmZàM{bV hmo J`m. d¡go nm[a^m{fH$ nXHo$ ê$n‘| "ewÕmÛ¡VdmX' A{^YmZ nadVu{dÛmZm|H$s AÀN>r gyP~yP hmoZoHo$ H$maU J«mh² Va Vmo bJVm h¡ naÝVw dh H$Wm{^ÝZ h¡.

{’$a^r Cgo ‘ybmMm`m©^rï> {ZO‘VHo$ ñdê$nHo$ gÝX^©‘| bmoH$àM{bVì`m»`mgo Cgo n¥WŠV`m g‘P aIZm ^r Amdí`H$ bJVm h¡.

ewÕmÛ¡VdmX ewÕmÛ¡V‘mV©ÊS>H$maHo$ AZwgma : "ewÕmÛ¡VdmX'H$s bmoH$àM{bV ì`m»`m, "ewÕmÛ¡V‘mV©ÊS>' Zm‘H$

à{H«$`mJ«ÝWHo$ boIH$ lr{JaYaOr ({d.g§.1847) Ho$ Ûmam "ewÕ'nX Am¡a "AÛ¡V'nXHo$ nXH¥$Ë` XagmZoHo$ H$maU, bmoH$‘mZg‘| ê$‹T> hmo J`r h¡. AVEd "ewÕmÛ¡V'A{^YmZ ^r ewÕmÛ¡Vm{^‘V ~«ô‘H$s Vah ì`mnH$ ~Z J`m d¡go ñd § CÝhm|Zo ^rBVZm Vmo gwñnï> eãXm|‘| ñdrH$mam hr h¡-

""Zm‘ Am¡a ê$n, `m B©ída Am¡a Ord, AWdm H$m © Am¡a H$maU`m| Xmo ê$nm|‘| {OZ-{OZH$m kmZ hmoVm hmo CÝh| "ÛrV' H$hVo h¢. ÛrVhmoZm hr "Û¡V' H$hbmVm h¡. Omo Û¡V Z hmo Cgo "AÛ¡V' H$hm OmVm h¡.Eogm AÛ¡V "gdª Ibw BX§ ~«ô‘ VÁObmZ²' Bg lw{V‘| H$hm J`m h¡.Bg lw{VdMZ‘| gmao {dídH$m nhbo "BX§'nXgo nam‘e© hmo ahm h¡.nwZ… "gd©'nX Ûmam Bg {díd‘| Omo Hw$N> {XIbm`r `m gwZm`r XoVmh¡, Eogo {dídH$s g‘J«VmHo$ ~mao‘| ~moY hmoVm h¡. AV… g^r Hw$N>Ho$gZmVZ ~«ô‘ê$n hmoZoHo$ {dYmZ‘| XmoZm|H$m VmXmËå` à{Vnm{XV hmoahm h¡. ~«ô‘ê$n H$m ©H$m ~«ô‘ê$n hr H$maU hmoZm Mm{h o... dhr~«ô‘ gmH$ma gd©epŠV EH$‘od A{ÛVr` gd©k gd©H$Vm© Am¡agpÀMXmZÝXê$n hmoVm h¡. Eogo ~«ô‘‘|go `h OJV² CËnÝZ hþdm h¡.''

(ewÕm.‘mV©.3-8).

`h h‘ {Z…g§H$moM ñdrH$ma gH$Vo h¢ {H$ Bg VahH$s Vmo {gÕmÝV{ZépŠVZ Ho$db AVrd àm‘m{UH$ A{nVw A{Vñ’$sV VWm Adí`kmVì` h¡. ~mX‘|,naÝVw, Ohm§ {dMm`© ~«ô‘dmXHo$ à{VnjV`m VwbZmË‘H$ AmbmoMZmW© Omo‘m`mdmXH$m CnÝ`mg {H$`m J`m {H$-

""`ht em§H$a {dÛmZm|H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ h OJV² ‘m{`H$ h¡ Zídah¡. ~«ô‘ Vmo ‘m`mHo$ gmW gå~ÝYHo$ H$maU hr OJV²H$m H$maU ~ZVmh¡. AÝ`Wm dh ~Z hr Zht gH$Vm... Eogo ‘VHo$ {ZagZHo$ {b`o"AÛ¡V'nXHo$ gmW "ewÕ'nX Omo‹S>m J`m h¡. AV… "ewÕmÛ¡V'nX‘|H$‘©Yma` g‘mg g‘PZm Mm{h o. AWdm ewÕ Ord Am¡a ewÕ ~«ô‘Ho$ AÛ¡VH$m à{VnmXZ {dd{jV ‘mZZona fð>rVËnwéf g‘mgHo$ Ûmam

13 14

^r `hr AW© àH$Q> hmo OmVm h¡. {OgH$m ‘m`mHo$ gmW gå~ÝY Z hmoCgo "ewÕ' H$hm OmVm h¡. H$m`©H$maUê$n ewÕ ~«ô‘ ‘m{`H$ ZhthmoVm, ewÕmÛ¡VH$s à{Vnm{XH$m lw{VH$m Eogm A{^àm` ‘mZm J`mh¡.''

(ewÕm.‘mV©.22-29).

Bg g‘mg Am¡a nXH¥$Ë` Ho$ à{VnmXZ‘|, ‘wPo AnZr Aën‘{VHo$ AZwgma,‘ybmMm`m]Ho$ A{^àm`go ~hþV d¡få` àVrV hmoVm h¡.

ewÕmÛ¡V‘mV©ÊS>H$maHo$ nXH¥$Ë`H$s g‘rjm : gd©àW‘ Amn{Îm Vmo "ewÕmÛ¡V'Ho$ nXH¥$Ë`‘| Omo ‘wPo bJVr h¡ dh `m| h¢ :

lwË`{^àoVV`m dmëb^ ‘VHo$ {b o A§JrH¥$V A{^YmZ "~«ô‘dmX' nXHo$ n`m© V`mhr "ewÕmÛ¡VdmX'nX `{X ‘mZm Om o Vmo CgHo$ Eogo nXH¥$Ë`Ho$ H$maU ì`m» o"~«ô‘dmX' nXH$m `h {ddaUê$n hmoZm Mm{h`o Z{H$ ‘m`mdmXHo$ AnmohZmW©H o $db. ""gmH$ma~«ô‘dmX¡H$ñWmnH$mo doXnmaJmo ‘m`mdmX{ZamH$Vm©gd©dm{X{ZamgH¥$V²'' (gdm}.ñVmo.8-9) dMZ‘| {Zê${nV ‘hmà^wHo$ Zm‘m|H$sg§J{VHo$ {dMmago AnmohZH$mo CnnÝZ ^r ‘mZ|, V~ ^r ~«ô‘dmXHo$ A§JrH$maÛmamAñdrH$aUr` AÝ` AZoH$ dmXm|Ho$ ~mao‘| Bg "ewÕmÛ¡V'nXH$mo ‘m¡Zd«VH$s XrjmAZw{MV bJVr h¡. AWm©V² ""‘m¡Z§ gå‘{VbjU‘²'' AZw{MV bJVm h¡.

Xygar Amn{Îm Bg VahHo$ AÝ`mnmohZmË‘H$ AW©dmbo nXH¥$Ë`‘| Omo ‘wPoAVrd AgÝVmofH$m[aUr bJVr h¡, dh `h {H$ doXmÝVHo$ g^r gåàXm`m|H$sAnZo-AnZo dmXm|Ho$ `m YmaUmAm|Ho$ àm‘m{UH$ hmoZoH$m à‘wI Xmdm Vmo ‘ybV…lw{V-ñ‘¥{V-gyÌ-nwamU-B{Vhmg-AmJ‘m{X emñÌdMZm|Ho$ g‘Ýd`àXe©Z ÛmamEH$ {ZpíMV ‘VH$s KmofUmH$m hr hmoZm Mm{h`o. Z{H$ EH$Xo{eAm|Ho$ Amngr‘V oXm|Ho$ {ZagZmW© AV… Bgo doXmÝVOën `m doXmÝV{dVÊS>m Ho$ ê$n‘| àñVwVH$aZm C{MV Zht bJVm. dh Vmo {ZOm§JrH¥$V dmXHo$ AmZwf§{JH$V`m eŠ` hmoZona^r, à‘wI à`moOZV`m ‘mÝ` Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡. AV… "ewÕmÛ¡V'nXKQ>H$ "ewÕ'nX

Ûmam ì`mdV©Zr` Ho$db ‘m`m AWdm Ho$db ‘m`mdmX H$mo ñdrH$maZona ewÕmÛ¡V‘Vlm¡V dmX Z ah H$a Oën `m {dVÊS>m ‘| n ©d{gV hmo OmVm h¡.

Vrgar Amn{Îm `h h¡ {H$ ‘mZ H$a Mb| {H$ ‘hmà wgo nm§M gm¡ df©nyd© `{X‘m`mdmXHo$ nwañH$Vm© ^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm ©H$m àmXw m©d Z hþdm hmoVm Vmo Š`m‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm © lwË`m{X emñÌm|Ho$ ~mao‘| AnZm H$moB© ñnï> ‘ÝVì` àñVwVZht H$a nmVo Š`m? `{X H$aVo Vmo Cg ‘VH$m A{^YmZ O¡go "~«ô‘dmX' hmogH$Vm h¡, d¡go hr ì`mdV©Zr` ‘VHo$ A^mdHo$ H$maU "ewÕmÛ¡VdmX' hmo Zhtnm`oJm. AV… `Wmn[a^m{fV "ewÕmÛ¡VdmX' ‘hmà^wà`wŠV "~«ô‘dmX' nXH$mgdm©Ë‘Zm n`m© dmMr hmo Zht nmVm h¡.

AV… Bgo "~«ô‘dmX'H$m n`m© dmMH$ ‘mZZm hmo Vmo "ewÕ'nXÛmam ì`mdV©Zr`Ho$db ‘m`m Zht àË wV ñd § ‘hmà wÛmam n[aJ{UV ‘mZo Om gH$Vo ""ànÄMàH¥${VH$m {dH$maê$n Zht h¡, na‘mUwAm|Ho$ nañna Ow‹S>ZoHo$ H$maU ~Zm hþdmZht h¡, ‘m`mHo$ Ûmam àX{e©V «mpÝV Zht h¡, AÑï> Am{X {H$gr AZOmZoH$maUde àH$Q>m r Zht h¡, Am¡a Z Bgo h nhbo Zhr Wm naÝVw ~mX‘| CËnÝZhmoZodmbm ^r ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡. ànÄM Vmo Cgr na‘H$mð>mnÝZ H$Vm©H$sñd`§‘| àH$Q> hþ`r H¥${V h¡, BVZm hr Zht, A{nVw ^JdÐÿn ^r h¡''(V.Xr.{Z.à.1&23) Bg dMZ‘| {dYo V`m Ed§ ì`mdË ©V`m Omo r Hw$N> {dd{jVhmo Eogo gånyU© AW©Ho$ A{^Ym`H$ "AÛ¡V' Am¡a "ewÕ' XmoZm| hr nX hmoZo Mm{h o.

h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ "ewÕ'nXgo ì`mdË ©V`m n[aJ{UV ‘mZo Om gH$Vo""ànÄM àH¥${VH$m {dH$maê$n Zht h¡, na‘mUwAm|Ho$ nañna Ow‹S>ZoHo$ H$maU ~Zmhþdm Zht h¡, ‘m`mHo$ Ûmam àX{e©V «mpÝV Zht h¡, AÑï> Am{X {H$gr AZOmZoH$maUde àH$Q>m ^r Zht h¡, Am¡a Z Bgo `h nhbo Zhr Wm naÝVw ~mX‘| CËnÝZhmoZodmbm ^r ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡'' Bg dmŠ`m§e‘| Ho$db ‘m`mHo$ hr ì`mdV©ZHo$~Om` AÝ` ^r-Am¡a CÝh| ^r n[aJ{UVV`m gr{‘V Z H$a XoZoH$mo-"Am{X'nXaI H$a ‘hmà wZo ~«ô‘oVaV`m CnpñWV m gå^m{dV g^rH$mo ì`mdV©Zr` ‘mZZona^ma {X`m h¡. `h Vmo ~«ô‘H$s "gd©dmXmZdgaê$nm' (V.Xr.{Z.à.1&70)‘ybê$nVmH$mo bú`‘| aI H$a {OÝh| ì`mdV©Zr` ‘mZZm n‹S>Vm hmo CZHo$ ì`mdV©ZH$s

15 16

{ZfoYmpË‘H$m à{H«$`mHo$ Ûmam "ewÕmÛ¡V'nXHo$ KQ>H$ "ewÕ'nXH$m nXH¥$Ë` {Zê${nVhþdm. na Bg "ewÕmÛ¡V'Ho$ ‘yb‘| aho "~«ô‘dmX' nXHo$ ñdmañ`H$m {dMma H$a EH${dYmZmpË‘H$m à{H«$`mÛmam ~«ô‘H$mo "ZmZmdmXmZwamoYr' ^r ‘mZ H$a ‘hmà^wZoàñVwV H$s h¡ :

""dñVwV… Vmo lw{V‘| Omo AZoH${dY {Zê$nU ~«ô‘Ho$ ~mao‘|CnbãY hmoVo h¢, CgH$m ‘yb à`moOZ AZoH${dY VÎdà{VnmXH$dmŠ`m|H$s EH$dmŠ`Vm B§{JV H$aZm h¡. Š`m|{H$ {déÕY‘m©l` hmoZoHo$H$maU ~«ô‘ Vmo `Ú{n gd©^dZg‘W© h¡ VWm{n VÎmX² dmXm|H$mAmJ«{hbV`m à{VnmXZ H$aZodmbo {MÝVH$m |H$m ^md Cgogd© dZg‘W©V`m ‘mÝ` aIZoH$m Zht hmoVm h¡. AV… ~«ô‘H$mo {H$gr^r dmXH$s n[a{Y‘| Z {KaZodmbm ‘mZm OmVm h¡. AÝ`Wm g^r{MÝVH$ Omo ^r Hw$N> VmpÎdH$ CX²^mdZm H$a nmVo hm| CZ g^rHo$AZwgma ~«ô‘ CZHo$ à{V d¡gm AnZm ñdê$n àH$Q> H$a gH$Vm h¡.AV… àË oH$ dmX ~«ô‘Ho$ hr VÎmX² Y‘m]H$m à{VnmXH$ ~Z OmVm h¡.''

""lrH¥$îU na§ ~«ô‘ h¢ Am¡a Aja~«ô‘ gpÀMXmZÝXH$. CgAja~«ô‘H$m EH$ ê$n bmoH${dbjU (^JdX²Ym‘mË‘H$) hmoVm h¡Xygam gd©bmoH$mË‘H$. bmoH${dbjU Ajañdê$n‘| gd©bmoH$ê$nAjaH$m {Zê$nU {d{^ÝZ dmXr {d{^ÝZ ar{Vgo H$aVo h¢ : H$moB© Cgo‘m{`H$, H$moB© àmH¥$V, na‘mUwAm|Ho$ g§KmVHo$ ê$n‘|, H$moB© ñdVÝÌAm{X-Am{X. lw{VH$m ‘V, naÝVw, `h h¡ {H$ dhr AZoH$ê$n YmaUH$aVm h¡.''

(V.Xr.{Z.à.1&70,{gÕm.‘wŠVm.3-5).

AV… ~«ô‘ `{X AZoH$ ê$n YmaU H$aZo g‘W© hmo Vmo g¥{ï>H$maUV`m {H$gr^r ê$nHo$ ì`mdV©ZH$s Anojm ah Zht OmVr.

Ad{eï> ahr "AÛ¡V'nXHo$ {ddaUH$s Anojm Vmo ànÄM Cg na‘H$mð>mnÝZH$Vm©H$s ñd §‘| àH$Q> hþ r H¥${V h¡, BVZm hr Zht, A{nVw ^JdÐÿn ^r h¡ Eogr

nXmdbrHo$ à`moJÛmam "AÛ¡V'nXgo {dd{jVH$m ^r ì`m»`mZ ‘hmà^wZo àH$Q>H$a {X`m h¡. `hm§ `Ú{n H$m ©H$maU^mdHo$ Û¡VHo$ gÝX ©‘| hr ~«ô‘VmXmËå`ê$nAÛ¡V Xagm`m J`m h¡. Cgo naÝVw Y‘©Y‘u, AdVmamdVmar, A§em§er, dmÀ`dmMH$,‘ybê$n-^mdmZwamo{Yê$n, à‘mUà‘o `m gmYZ’$b Am{X Ho$ Û¡Vm|‘| ^r `moOZr`Vmo ‘mZZm hr n‹S>oJm.

AVEd MVwW© Amn{Îm Bg {df`‘| `h EH$ Am¡a h¡ {H$ ewÕmÛ¡V‘mV©ÊS>H$maàñVwV nXH¥$Ë`Ûmam "ewÕmÛ¡V'H$m ê$n Ho$db H$m ©-H$maU^md‘| n[agr{‘V H$aaho h¢ O~{H$ ""àH$meml`dX² dm VoOñËdmV²'' (~«.gy.3&2&28) gyÌHo$ ì`m»`mZ‘|^mî`H$ma Vmo gwñnï>

eãXm|‘|- ""~«ô‘Ho$ Y‘© Š`m ~«ô‘go {^ÝZ, ~«ô‘Ho$ H$m ©ê$n hmoVo h¢ `m

~«ô‘ê$n hr? Eogm g§e` hmoZona H$moB© h gmoM gH$Vm h¡ {H$ bmoH$‘|H$m © yV nQ>H$m ê$n nQ>H$m Y‘© hr Vmo hmoVm h¡, nQ>‘| g‘doV hmoZoHo$H$maU, BZHo$ {ZË` hmoZo‘| H$moB© à‘mU ^r CnbãY Zht hmoVm, BÝh|ñdm^m{dH$ ‘mZ H$a {ZË` ‘mZZo OmZona Vmo H$ënZmJm¡adH$m Xmof^r bJVm h¡, "EH$‘od A{ÛVr`‘²' lw{VdMZgo {déÕ hmoZoHo$ H$maU~«ô‘Y‘m]H$mo {^ÝZ ^r ‘mZZm eŠ` Z hmoZogo, CÝh| ànÄMH$s VahH$m ©ê$n hr ‘mZ boZm Mm{h o. Eogo nyd©njHo$ g‘mYmZV`m gyÌ H$hVoh¢ : "àH$meml`dX² dm'.

`hm§ "dm'eãXÛmam nyd©njH$m {ZdmaU {H$`m J`m. O¡goAZoH${dY àH$mem|Ho$ Aml` gy`© Am{X, AnZo Y‘ugo n¥WŠV`mH$ht {gÕ Z hmo nmZoHo$ H$maU Am¡a àH$meê$n JwUY‘© ^r gX¡dY‘uHo$ ^rVa pñWV ahVm hmoZogo ^r, Z Vmo Y‘u àH$mego {^ÝZ hmoVmh¡ Am¡a Z A{^ÝZ hr. `m| àH$me‘mZ Y{‘©Ðì` Am¡a àH$meê$nJwUY‘©, ‘ybgo {dpÀN>ÝZV`m ^r AnZo AmYma‘| {dÚ‘mZ Z ahVohmoZogo ^r, Z {^ÝZ Am¡a Z A{^ÝZ hmoVo h¢. gmW hr gmW gy`©Ho$àH$meH$mo ñd § gy ©ê$n ^r ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm, Š`m|{H$ dh gy ©goA{YH$XoedVu r hmoVm hr h¡. AV… Ðì`Ho$ ñd^md{gÕ Y‘©Ho$ ê$n‘|

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Cgo ‘mZZm n‹S>Vm h¡. AV… ~«ô‘ Am¡a CgHo$ Y‘m] Ho$ ~rM oXH$moH$pënV ^r ‘mZZm hmo Vmo O¡go gy © Am¡a àH$me Ho$ ~rM oXH$ënZmH$s OmVr h¡, d¡go hr ‘mZZm Mm{h`o. BÝh| ""amhþHo$ {ga''H$s VahZht. Š`m|{H$ AÝ`Wm ~«ô‘kmZmW© doX‘| àd¥{Îm eŠ` Zht ahOm`oJr. gH$b Y‘m]H$m {ZfoY H$a XoZona AÝV‘| {ZfoYHo$A{YH$aUHo$ ê$n‘| AWdm BZ Y‘m]Ho$ EH$ ~«ô‘ê$n Y‘u‘|gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ` Ho$ ÚmoVZmW© ^r "gË`' "kmZ' "AZÝV' "AmZÝX'nXm|Ho$ AWm]H$m ~moY eŠ` Zht ah Om`oJm. bjUm d¥{ÎmHo$ Ûmam~moY àH$Q> H$aZm A{^b{fV hmo, V~ ^r nXHo$ dmÀ`mW©ê$n Y‘©Am¡a bú`mW©ê$n Y‘m]H$m gmÑí` Vmo Ano{jV hr ahoJm. AV…{dbjU Y‘©dmbo àH$meH$mo Am¡a CgHo$ Y‘u `m Aml` Ho$ ~rMVmXmËå` ñdrH$maZm n‹S>Vm h¡.''

(~«.gy.^m.3&2&28).

ewÕmÛ¡VdmXH$mo ~«ô‘dmXHo$ n`m©`dmMH$V`m ñdrH$maZona Ano{jVgmdYmZr :

CpëbpIV ^mî`dMZHo$ AmYmana {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ Z Ho$dbH$m`©H$maU^md A{nVw Y‘©Y{‘©^md, Ad`dmd`{d^md, Ym‘Ym{‘^md,dmÀ`dmMH$^md, ‘ybê$n-^mdmZwamo{Yê$n, Am{X AZoH$ê$nm|‘| ~«ô‘dmXHo$ AÝVJ©VBVaoVaVmXmËå` A§JrH$aUr` h¡.

AV… Cgo Ho$db H$m ©H$maU^md‘| n[agr{‘V H$a XoZodmbm nXH¥$Ë` àñVwVZht H$aZm Mm{h o. dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| oX AH$pënV hmo `m H$pënV hmo, dh""eãXkmZmZwnmVr dñVweyÝ`mo {dH$ën…'' (nm.`mo.gy.1&9) gyÌmoŠV ""amhþHo${ea''H$s Vah {dH$ënd¥{ÎmH$m JmoMa Zht ‘mZm J`m h¡. dh Vmo VmXmËå`ê$n hr‘mZm J`m h¡. Š`m|{H$ AÛ¡VHo$ Bg àH$ma‘| Û¡V dñVwJV Z hmo H$a Ho$dbeãXkmZmZwnmVr AgV² hr hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ ewÕmÛ¡VH$m KQ>H$ AÛ¡V Eogm ZhthmoVm {H$ dh Ho$db eãXkmZmZwnmVr dñVweyÝ` Û¡VH$m g{hîUw hmo. dh VmodñVwJV Û¡VH$m ^r g{hîUw hmoVm h¡. AVEd A{YH$aUVmdÀN>oXH$m|Ho$ ^oXdeÛ¡V Am¡a Û¡VmË`ÝVm^md H$m gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ` r Cgo Zht ‘mZm J`m. CXmhaUV`m

emImdÀN>oXoZ d¥j‘| H${ng§ moJ Am¡a ‘ybmdÀN>oXZ H${ng§ moJH$m AË`ÝVm^md^r hmo gH$Vm h¡. VX²dV² o Û¡V `m AÛ¡V Zht hmoVo. Bgo ^br^m§{V g‘PZm hmoVmo Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmX‘| O¡go {‘Ï`mËd, Omo Z gÐÿn hmoVm h¡, Z AgÐÿn Am¡a ZgXgÐÿn hr, àË wV BZ VrZ H$ënm|go AVrV gXgX²{dbjU hmoVm h¡, VX²dV².EH$ËdmË`ÝVm^mdê$n oX, oXmË`ÝVm^mdê$n A oX Am¡a CZHo$ g‘mZm{YH$aUê$noXm oX `m| BZ VrZm|go {dbjU hr VmXmËå`ê$n A oX `m AÛ¡V ewÕmÛ¡VdmX‘|

‘mZm J`m h¡. Bgo àH$me Am¡a àH$me‘mZ Ðì` Ho$ nañnaÛ¡VHo$ CXmhaU‘| XoImOm gH$Vm h¡. Z Vmo dhm§ EH$ËdH$m AË`ÝVm^md hmoVm h¡, Š`m|{H$ àH$meHo$KZr yV `m {nÊS>r yV gy ©Ðì`‘| A «mpÝVJmoMa EH$Ëd AZw yV hmoVm hr h¡. gmWhr gmW Cg KZr yV àH$me{nÊS>go ~mha {ZH$b H$a àg¥V hmoVr àH$me{H$aUm|‘|A «mpÝVJmoMa {ÛËd ^r AZw yV hmoVm h¡. AV… XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM Z Vmo EH$ËdH$mAË`ÝVm^md hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Z {ÛËdH$m AË`ÝVm^md hmoVm h¡.

`h Vmo R>rH$ h¡ {H$ ""`h EH$; Am¡a, dh EH$. `m| {‘b H$a Xmo'' EogrAnojm~w{ÕHo$ de {ÛËd K{Q>V hmoVm h¡. AV… àíZ nyN>m Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ EogoAnojm~w{ÕOÝ` {ÛËdH$mo dñVwJV ‘mZZoHo$ ~Om` ~moYJV Y‘© hr Š`m| Z ‘mZboZm? Bg VahH$s, naÝVw, `m¡pŠVH$ Amn{Îm ñd § EH$ dñVw Am¡a Xygao dñVw~moYHo$ {ÛËdH$m Adbå~Z {b o {~Zm C^a Zht nmVr. Am¡a V~ nwZ… Bg dñVw Am¡adñVw~moY Ho$ {ÛËdH$mo ~moYJV ‘mZZm `m dñVwJV? `m| Bg g‘ñ`mH$m g‘mYmZImoOZo OmZona Vmo ñd § h‘mar ~moYepŠV hr `m Vmo AÝ`moÝ`ml` `m AZdñWmXmofm|H$m {eH$ma ~Z OmVr h¡. AV… ñdrH$maZm n‹S>Vm h¡ {H$ g^r VahHo$ {ÛËdgmnoj~w{Õà wŠV Z hmo H$a Hw$N> AZdJVV`m dñVwJV ^r ahVo hr h¢. ~w{Õ‘|,{H$ÝVw, CZH$m Ad^mgZ gmnoj àË``m|Ho$ {~Zm eŠ` Zht hmo nmVm. CXmhaUV`m{H$Ýht Xmo ì`pŠVAm|H$m {nVmnwÌ `m n{VnËZr hmoZm h‘| Anojm~w{ÕHo$ à`moJ{~Zm AdJV Z hmoZo‘mÌgo H$pënV Zht {gÕ hmo OmVm. dh gå~ÝY nyd©‘|AZdJV ahZona ^r BVaoVagmnoj~w{Õgo JmoMa ~ZZona AdJV ^r ~Z OmVm h¡.

à‘wIV`m {dMmaUr` ‘wÔm Bg‘| `hr h¡ {H$ V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX²H$s ~«ô‘dëbr‘|~«ô‘‘r‘m§gmHo$ AÝVJ©V gd©àW‘ ñdê$nbjU ""~«ô‘ gË` kmZ Am¡a AZÝVê$n hmoVm h¡'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&1) Eogm lw{VZo {XIbm`m. ~mX‘| ^¥Jwdëbr‘|

19 20

""{Og‘|go BZ g~ yVm|H$m OZZ hmoVm h¡, {Og‘| OZZHo$ ~mX o Or{dVahVo h¢, {OgH$s Amoa o ‘wpŠV‘| à`mU H$aVo h¢ Am¡a {Og‘| àb`‘| brZhmoVo h¢, Cg ~«ô‘H$s {Okmgm H$amo Š`m|qH$ Cgo hr "~«ô‘' g‘PZm Mm{h o''(V¡{Îm.Cn.3&1) Eogm H$m ©bjU ^r {XIbm`m h¡. ~«ô‘H$m ñdê$n n[a^m{fVhmoVm h¡ CgHo$ AgmYmaUY‘m]Ho$ AmYmana Am¡a Eogo hr ~«ô‘H$s H$maUVm {ZYm©[aVhmoVr h¡ CgHo$ H$m`m]H$m {Zê$nU H$aZona. AV… ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n‘| bjU Am¡aà‘mU Ho$ KQ>H$ nXm|go `{X dh dmÀ` Z hmoVm hmo Vmo Ab{jV Ed§ Aà‘m{UVVÎd ~«ô‘V`m {gÕ Zht hmo nm oJm.

Eogr pñW{V‘| `{X ~«ô‘H$m AÛ¡V Û¡VmË`ÝVm^mdmonb{jV hmoVm Vmo CgHo${g{ÕH$s ^r Anojm ah Zht OmZr Mm{h o Wr. Š`m|{H$ {H$g VÎdH$s {g{Õ?{H$g à‘mUHo$ m {H$g bjUHo$ AmYmana? {H$g à‘mVmHo$ g§‘wI? BZ àíZm|H$mg‘mYmZ ImoOZo OmZona ~«mpô‘H$ AÛ¡V ~m{YV hmo Om`oJm. AV… A~m{YV{g{ÕHo$ A^md‘| CgHo$ hmoZo `m Z hmoZogo Hw$N> AÝVa Zht n‹S>oJm. `m| EH$C^`V…nme Omo `hm§ C^aVm h¡ CgH$m Xmo Vahgo g‘mYmZ ImoOm Om gH$Vm h¡:

(1)bjU-à‘mUm|go {Zanoj ñdV…{gÕ {ZOmË‘MoVZmê$n ~«ô‘Ho$D$na A{gÕ hmoZoH$m nhbo {‘Ï`mamon bJm H$a ~mX‘| {‘Ï`mbjU Am¡a{‘Ï`mà‘mU H$mo K‹S> H$a, CZHo$ ~bna CgH$s {‘Ï`m{g{ÕH$m AÜ`mamonH$a, AÝV‘| CZH$m ^r AndmX H$a XoZm. CXmhaUV`m AÛ¡VÚmoVH$ 1g§»`mH$mo {ÛËdÚmoVH$ AÜ`mamo{nV 2 g§»`mgo Omo‹S> H$a {‘bVr 3 g§»`mH$snwZ… 2 go ~mµH$sê$n AndmX H$aZona 1 hr eof ahVm h¡.

(2)AnZo-Amn‘| EH$‘odm{ÛVr` hmoZoHo$ H$maU ~«ô‘ ñdê$nÑ{ï>gobjU-à‘mU‘y{bH$m {g{ÕH$s Anojm Zht aIVm h¡. {’$a^r Š`m|{H$ dhbrb`m AZoH$dX² mdmnÝZ hþdm h¡, AV… brbm{d y©V EopÀN>H$ AZoH$VmH$moñd § CgHo$ AmË‘àH$meZHo$ {dñVmaê$n ‘mZ boZm. Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$s{d{dYVmH$mo brbmW© n[aJ¥hrV ê$nV`m n[a^m{fV ^r Am¡a à‘m{UV ^rH$aHo$.

Bg‘| àW‘ H$ën‘| Û¡VmË`ÝVm^mdmonb{jV AÛ¡V àñVm{dV hmoVm h¡ O~{H$Xygao H$ën‘| Û¡V Û¡VmË`ÝVm^md Am¡a XmoZm|H$m gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ` `m| VrZm|go AVrVVwar` VmXmËå`H$mo{Q> `m ^mdmË‘H$ AÛ¡V àñVm{dV hmo nmVm h¡. AVEd^mî`àH$meH$ma lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrH$m EH$ {dYmZ `hm§ ‘ZZr` h¡ ""O¡go "A{‘Ì'nXH$m AW© Z Vmo {‘Ì hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Z {‘ÌH$m Ho$db A^md hr. O~ h‘{H$grH$mo AnZm "A{‘Ì' H$hVo h¢ Vmo h‘mam A{^àm` hmoVm h¡, Eogo {H$grì`pŠVHo$ ~mao‘|, Omo `m Vmo eÌw hmo `m {’$a AZOmZ hr H$moB© ì`pŠV hmo; nah‘mam {‘Ì Z hmo... Bgr Vah "A oX' nXH$m AW© ^r Z oX hmoVm Am¡a Z^oXmË`ÝVm^md hr {H$ÝVw ^oX{damoYr {H$gr VahH$m ^md hmoVm h¡. `h^mdê$n hmo H$a AnZo Aml`go A{dZm yV AWm©V² AnZo Aml`H$mo N>mo‹S>Omo AÝ`Ì {dÚ‘mZ Zht hmoVm. Bgo AÝ`moÝ`m^mdê$n ^oX ^r ‘mZm ZhtOm gH$Vm'' (AUw m.àH$m.3&2&28).

"A oX' `m "AÛ¡V' Ho$ KQ>H$ "ZÄm²' {ZnmVHo$ Omo N>h AW© hmo gH$Vo h¢CZ‘|go àg§JmonmÎm A^md Am¡a {damo{YVm gå^d h¢. AV… Û¡Vm^md ^r AW© hmogH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Û¡V{damoYr Y‘m©ÝVa r. O¡go "Agwa'nX‘| gwa m XodVm H$m A^mdAW© Z bo H$a XodVmAm|Ho$ {damoYr X¡Ë` `m amjg AW© hr {b`m OmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$H¡$bme‘| ‘hmXodH$s g§{Z{Y‘| XmoZm|H$m gh^md ^r eŠ` ‘mZm hr J`m h¡. BgrVah ~«ô‘ Am¡a Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m] AdVmam| A§em| `m JwUY‘m] Ho$ ~rM nañnaVmXmËå` hmoZoHo$ H$maU Û¡V Am¡a AÛ¡V H$m gh^md eŠ` h¡. eŠ` Vmo {déÕY‘m©l`hmoZoHo$ H$maU Û¡V Am¡a Û¡VmË`ÝVm^md H$m gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ` ^r h¡. naÝVw"ewÕmÛ¡V'nXHo$ KQ>H$ "AÛ¡V'nX‘| "ZÄm²'{ZnmV A^mdmW©H$ {dd{jV Z hmo H$a{damoYmW©H$ hr A{^àoV h¡.

"ewÕmÛ¡V'H$m àmUmon‘ VmXmËå` ^oXm^oXê$n Zht {H$ÝVw MVwW©H$mo{Q>h¡ :

Bg d¡få`Ho$ àH$Q> hmoZoH$m à‘wI hoVw ‘wPo Eogm bJVm h¡ {H$ ewÕmÛ¡V‘mV©ÊS>H$maBVaoVaVmXmËå`H$mo ‘hmà wHo$ {Og gw~mo{YZrdMZHo$ AmYmana oXm oXHo$ ê$n‘|{ZhmaZm MmhVo h¢, CgH$s dmñV{dH$Vm `h h¡ {H$ Cg dMZ‘| oXm oXH$s Cnn{Îm

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VmXmËå`Ho$ bjU "" oXg{hîUw… A oX'' Ho$ AmYmana Xr J`r h¡. ñd § ‘hmà wVmXmËå`H$mo Eogo ñdrH$maZm Zht MmhVo h¡. AV… Cg dMZH$mo A{dH$bê$n‘| EH$~ma XoI boZm CnH$maH$ hmoJm-

""^JdmZ²Ho$ ñdê$n Ed§ M[aÌ H$m {Zê$nU oXÑ{ï> aI H$a ZhtH$aZm Mm{h o. AÝ`Wm, ^JdÀM[aÌHo$ ^JdXmË‘H$ Z ah OmZona,M[aÌH$m ldU-H$sV©Z-^mdZ H$aZodmboHo$ ^rVa g§gmamgpŠV hr~‹T>oJr. AV… ^JdmZ²Ho$ ñdê$n Am¡a M[aÌ H$m {Zê$nU A oXÑ{ï>aI H$a, H$a aho h¢ "`h {díd ñd § ^JdmZ² h¡' Eogo {dYmZÛmam.bmoH$àVr{VHo$ AmYmana {gÕ {dídH$mo CÔoí` ~Zm H$a CgHo$^JdmZ² hmoZoH$m `hm§ {dYmZ {H$`m Om ahm h¡. AV… {díd‘| gd©Ì^JdÔ¥{ï> aI H$a Cgo {ZhmaZona Ord H¥$VmW© hmo OmVm h¡. `hm§^JdmZ²Ho$ H$m`©ê$n OJV²H$mo ^JdmZ²Ho$ ê$n‘| {ZhmaZoH$s ~mVg‘Pm`r J`r h¡...

CÎm‘ ‘Ü`‘ Am¡a AY‘ A{YH$mam|Ho$ oXde ^JdmZ²H$mo VrZàH$mago {Zhmam Om gH$Vm h¡, `h à{VnmXZ `hm§ A{^àoV h¡. A~CÎm‘ A{YH$marH$mo {díd H¡$go {XIbm`r XoVm h¡ `h g‘Pm XoZoHo$~mX ‘Ü`‘ A{YH$marH$mo H¡$go XrIVm h¡, `h {XIbm`m Om ahm h¡: Cgo `h {díd ^JdmZ²H$s Vah {XIbm`r XoVm h¡ naÝVw gmjmX²^JdÐÿn Zht. AWm©V² ^JdËgÑe {XIbm`r XoVm hmoZogo {dídH$m`m {dídmÝVJ©V ê$n-Zm‘-H$‘m]H$m AmXa Am{X ^JdmZ²H$s VahH$aZm, Cgo C{MV bJVm h¡. {’$a^r AmgpŠV Vmo ^JdmZ²‘| hrgmjmV² {Z^mZr Mm{h`o, {dídHo$ nXmWm ] ©‘ | Zht. E ogm‘Ü`‘m{YH$marH$mo àVrV hmoVm h¡. Bgr Vah Omo {ZH¥$ï> A{YH$marhmoVm h¡ Cgo Vmo bmoH$àVr{V{gÕ h {díd JdmZ²go {^ÝZ hr bJVmh¡. AVEd {Ogo `h ànÄM Ho$db ànÄMV`m hr {XIbm`r XoVmhmo, dh O~ ^r ~{h‘w©IVmgo J«ñV hmoVm h¡, Vmo erK« hr «ï> hmo OmVmh¡. EH$ hr {dídH$s m JdmZ²H$s VrZ Vahgo àVr{V H¡$go hmo gH$Vrh¡, `h g‘PmZoH$mo H$hVo h¢ "{OZ ^JdmZ²‘|go Bg {dídH$s pñW{VCËn{Îm Am¡a {ZamoY hmoVo h¢'. AWm©V² {díd ^JdmZ²‘| hr pñWV hmoZoHo$

H$maU ^JdÐÿn h¡, Eogr àVr{V CÎm‘m{YH$marH$mo hmoVr h¡. {díd^JdmZ²‘|go CX² d hþdm hmoZoHo$ H$maU H$m ©H$maUHo$ ~rM VmXmËå`hmoZogo H$m`m©Ë‘Zm {díd‘| oX hmoZona ^r H$maUmË‘Zm A oX hmoVmh¡. `m| oXg{hîUw A oX hmoZoHo$ H$maU {díd ^JdÐÿn Z hmoZona ^r^JdËgÑe BZ ‘Ü`‘m{YH$m[a`m|H$mo bJVm h¡. BgHo$ {dnarV Omo‘y‹T> A{YH$mar hmoVo h¢, CÝh| Vmo JdmZ² {dídH$m Cng§hma H$aVo hmoZogo{díd Zída Am¡a ^JdmZ² AZída hr àVrV hmoVo h¢.''

(gw~mo.1&5&20).Bg dMZ‘| ‘Ü`‘m{YH$marH$mo hmoVr {dídH$s AZw y{V‘| VmXmËå`Ho$ CëboIHo$

H$maU ewÕmÛ¡V‘mV©ÊS>H$maH$mo dh oXm oXê$n bJVm h¡. AV… ‘Ü`‘m{YH$maH$AZw^y{VH$m {df` bJVm h¡. do ñd`§ H$hVo ""H$m`©ê$noU ^oX hmoZona ^rH$maUmË‘Zm A^oX hmoZoHo$ H$maU `hm§ ^oXg{hîUw A^oXê$n VmXmËå`AZw y{VJmoMa hmoVm ‘mZm J`m h¡'' (ewÕm.‘mV©.32). d¡go ‘hmà wH$mo A{^‘V~«ô‘dmX `m ewÕmÛ¡VdmX ‘| Z Ho$db H$m`©H$maUH$m VmXmËå` A{nVwA§em§{eVmXmËå` Am¡a Y‘©Y{‘©VmXmËå` Am{X àH$maHo$ r VmXmËå` h¢ hr. AVEd""VXZÝ`Ëd‘² "Amaå^U'eãXm{Xä`…'' (~«.gy.2&1&14) A{YH$aU‘|H$m`©H$maUVmXmËå`H$s Vah hr A§em§{eVmXmËå` ^r ""BVaì`nXoemX²{hVmH$aUm{XXmofàgpŠV…'' (~«.gy.2&1&21) ^r {dd{jV h¡ hr. Bgr Vah""AÑí`Ëdm{XJwUH$m o Y‘m }ŠVo…'' (~ «.g y.1&2&21) A{YH$aU‘ |Ym‘Ym{‘VmXmËå` ^r ""AjaH$s ^r ~«ô‘ê$nVm h¡ Am¡a nwéfH$s ^r. XmoZm|Ho$~rM namna^md ^r h¡ hr Am¡a A oX ^r. ~«ô‘dmX Vmo Eogm hr hmoVm h¡.Aja~«ô‘go {dídH$s CËn{Îm {Zê${nV hþ`r hmoZogo Cgo ~«ô‘ê$n ‘mZZmn‹S>Vm h¡ {H$ dh AÑí`Ëd Am{X JwUdmbm na‘mË‘mH$m EH$ ñdê$n h¡.nwéfmoÎm‘H$s Vmo ~«ô‘ê$nVm e§H$mVrV h¡. B©fX² AmZÝXHo$ {Vamo^mdde~«ô‘H$mo "Aja' H$hm OmVm h¡ Am¡a nyUm©ZÝXH$s Am{d y©VVmHo$ H$maU Cgo"nwéfmoÎm‘' r.'' (~«.gy.^m.1&2&21) Bg Vah h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ ""na‘mË‘mAnZo Oogo ñdê$nÛmam àH¥${V-nwéfHo$ (H$maUH$mo{Q>Ho$) ê$nm|H$mo YmaUH$aVm h¡ Cgo "Aja' H$hVo h¢... Bg AjaH$m nwéfmoÎm‘Ho$ gmW A oXHo${ZYm©aUH$m àH$ma-Aja AnZo ‘ybê$n nwéfmoÎm‘go {dpÀN>ÝZV`m `mH$m ©V`m Zht àË wV A{dpÀN>ÝZV`m gd©Xm pñWV hmoZo A{^ÝZ ‘mZm OmVm

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h¡... `m | ~«ô‘Ho$ VrZ à^oX hþdo AÝV`m©‘r Aja Am¡a H¥$îU.''(V.Xr.{Z.à.2&98-121). AV… ñdê$nH$mo{Q>‘| AÝV{Z©{dï> ‘mZo OmVo Aja~«ô‘Ho$gmW ^r VmXmËå` Vmo A§JrH$m © hr h¡. Eogr pñW{V‘| {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ H$m ©-H$maUHo$ ~rM aho VmXmËå`H$mo r mdê$n A oX ‘mZZm Mm{h o Z{H$ oXm oXê$n.

AV… ewÕmÛ¡V‘mV©ÊS>H$ma O~ Cgo Ho$db H$m ©H$maU^md‘| `mo{OV H$aZmMmhVo h¢ V~ bú`‘| aIZo bm`H$ VÏ` `hr h¡ {H$ ""EoVXmËå`‘² BX§ gdª-VV²Ëd‘² A{g'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&8&7) dMZHo$ àW‘m§e‘| CnmXmZmonmXo ^mdmË‘H$Am¡a {ÛVr`m§e‘| A§em§{e^mdmË‘H$ VmXmËå` EH$hob`m ‘mÝ` {H$`m J`m h¡.AV… Ho$db Eogr {ddjm ñdrH$maZona "ewÕmÛ¡V' nX‘| Aì`mpßVXmofH$s Amn{ÎmAmVr h¡. dmñV{dH$Vm O~{H$ `h h¡ {H$ `h BVaoVaVmXmËå` gX§eH$m ©ê$n O‹S>Am¡a gpÀMXmZÝXê$n CnmXmZ `m g‘dm`r H$maUê$n ~«ô‘ Ho$ ~rMH$m`©H$maU^mdmË‘H$ ‘mZm J`m h¡. {MX§eê$n OrdmË‘m Am¡a gpÀMXmZÝXê$nna‘mË‘mHo$ ~rM A§em§{e^mdê$n ^r ‘mZm J`m h¡. naÝVw ñd § gpÀMXmZÝXê$n~«ô‘ Am¡a CgHo$ gÎmm M¡VÝ` AmZÝX ê$nr Y‘m} Ho$ ~rM `h BVaoVaVmXmËå`Y‘©Y{‘©ê$n ^r ‘mZm J`m h¡. Am¡a AjanwéfmoÎm‘Ho$ ~rM AmYmamYo ^mdê$n^r. AV… Bgna Xwb©ú` hmo OmZoHo$ H$maU ewÕmÛ¡V‘mV©ÊS>H$ma VmXmËå`H$mo oXm oXê$n‘mZ H$a Mbo h¢.

"ewÕmÛ¡Vn[aîH$ma' ‘| {‘bVo "ewÕmÛ¡V'bjUH$s narjm : AV… ‘hmà wHo$ AÝ`mÝ` dMZm|Ho$ A{^àm`H$m {d‘e© H$aZona Eogm à{VnmXZ

Aàm‘m{UH$ Zht Vmo r gd©Wm Ag‘r{jV Vmo bJVm hr h¡. ewÕmÛ¡V‘mV©ÊS>H$maHo${eî` lram‘H¥$îU ^Å>Zo AnZo "ewÕmÛ¡Vn[aîH$ma' Zm‘H$ J«ÝW‘| {XIbm o-

""BVagå~ÝYmZdpÀN>ÝZ-H$m`©H$maUm{Xê$n-{ÛËdàH$m-aH$-kmZà{V`mo{JVmH$m-@^mddÎd§ ewÕmÛ¡VËd‘².''

(ewÕmÛ¡.n[a.). Bg bjU‘| Hw$N> gmdYm{Z`m§ Vmo AÀN>r br h¢ naÝVw {’$a^r Añnï>Vm ^r

{~bHw$b gm’$ PbH$Vr hr h¢. `hm§ "H$m`©H$maUm{Xê$n-{ÛËdàH$maH$' nXm|‘|Ho$db H$m`©H$maU^mdmË‘H$ Û¡VHo$ ~Om` "Am{X'nXgo A§em§{e^md Am{XHo$Û¡Vm|H$mo ^r ñWmZ Vmo àXmZ {H$`m J`m h¡. Bgr Vah Eogo H$m`©H$maU^md `mA§em § {e^md Am{XH$m o ^r "‘m`mgå~ÝYmZdpÀN>ÝZ' H$hZoH o $ ~Om`

"BVagå~ÝYmZdpÀN>ÝZ' H$hZm ^r EH$ AÀN>r gyP h¡. {’$a^r "BVagå~ÝY...'XbHo$ nXH¥$Ë`‘| ""H$m ©H$maUm{X{ÛËdàH$maH$nXmW©ñ` ‘m{`H$Ëdm^mdm`''Iwbmgm Xo H$a nwZ… "ewÕ'nXÛmam ì`mdË © Ho$db em§H$a doXmÝVm{^‘V ‘m`mH$mohr nH$‹S> {b`m hmoZogo "BVa'nXgo {‘bZodmbo bm^H$mo nwZ… Imo {X`m

Bgr Vah àX{e©V Aì`mpßVXmofHo$ n[ahmaHo$ à`mgê$noU bjUH$ma H$hVoh¢ ""Y‘©Y{‘© mdê$n gå~ÝYHo$ CXmhaU‘| H$m ©H$maU^mdê$n{ÛËd Z hmoZogoAì`mpßV Zht ‘mZ boZr Mm{h o, Š`m|{H$ Y‘©Y{‘© md A oXê$n hmoVm h¡,Eogm "àH$meml`dX² dm VoOñËdmV²' gyÌHo$ AmYmana {ZUuV h¡. "nam Añ`epŠV…' O¡go dMZm|‘| ^r A^oXmW©H$ fð>r ñdrH$mar J`r hmoZogo ^r (doAbú` h¢)'' Bggo Eogm bJVm h¡ {H$ lram‘H¥$îU ^Å>Or Y‘©Y{‘© md Am¡aepŠVepŠV‘mZ Ho$ ~rM Û¡V Z ‘mZ H$a {H$gr VahH$m AÛ¡V ImoO aho h¢. Cgo,naÝVw, Š`m oXmg{hîUw Û¡VmË`ÝVm^mdê$n A oX ‘mZZm AWdm Û¡V{damoYr H$moB©^mdê$n nXmW©? àW‘ H$ën‘| ñdê$nmZwnn{Îmê$n Xmof Am`oJm. Am¡a {ÛVr`H$ënH$m g‘ml`U H$aZona Vmo "KQ>Å>Hw$Q²>çm§ à^mV'Ý`m` hr hmoJm Š`m|{H$ VmXmËå`goCgo n¥WŠV`m b{jV H$a nmZm XwîH$a hmo Om oJm

Ohm§ VH$ Y‘©Y{‘© mdgo {dnarVV`m H$m ©H$maU^mdê$n Û¡VHo$ oXg{hîUwA oX hmoZoH$s ~mV h¡, Vmo Bg {df`‘| `h AZwgÝYo h¡ {H$ ‘hmà wH$mo A{^àoVH$m ©H$maU^md Am{d^m©d{Vamo mdmË‘H$ h¡. ‘hmà w BÝh| nwZ… ^JdmZ²H$s epŠVhr ‘mZVo h¢ ""Am{d^m©d{Vamo mdm¡ eŠVr d¡ ‘wad¡[aU…'' (V.Xr.{Z.2&140).A~ epŠV-epŠV‘mZ²Ho$ ~rM oXmg{hîUw `m oXg{hîUw H¡$gm ^r AÛ¡V Š`m|Z ‘mZo dh H$m ©H$maU^mdna r bmJy Vmo hmoJm hr. Š`m|{H$ {H$Ýht Xmo epŠV`m|H$moAm{d^m©{dH$m `m {Vamo^m{dH$m ‘mZZoHo$ ~Om` Am{d^m©d Am¡a {Vamo^md H$moepŠVê$n ‘mZm J`m h¡. d¡go AÝ`Wm ^r nÌmdbå~Z Am¡a gd©{ZU© àH$me Ho$AdbmoH$Z H$aZona Bg {df`‘| Omo {MÌ C^aVm h¡ dh {ZhmaZo bm`H$ h¡ :

""Omo "Am{d'=àH$Q> H$aVm hmo Cgo "Am{d^m©d' H$hVo h¢.AWdm Am{d y©V hmoZm EH$ Y‘©{deof h¡. Bgr Vah {Vamo mdHo$ ~mao‘|^r g‘PZm Mm{h`o. `o XmoZm| ^JdmZ²H$s epŠV`m§ h¢, Š`m|{H$^JdmZ²‘| AZÝV epŠV`m§ hm oVr h¢. AÝ`Wm ~rO Am{XHo$n[aUm‘V`m Xoh Am{X H¡$go àH$Q> hmo gH$Vo h¢? AV… ^JdmZ²H$sepŠV hr H$maUV`m ñdrH$maZr Mm{h o Š`m|{H$ Am{d^m©dê$n Y‘©Ho$

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H$maU hr KQ>ê$n Y‘u {gÕ hmo nmVm h¡... Eogm Z ñdrH$maZona VmoàmJ^md{Zd¥{Îmê$n CËn{Îm ‘mZZodmbm|H$mo ^r BZ Xmofm|go ~MZmH${R>Z hmo Om`oJm. Š`m|{H$ CËn{Îm ^r Vmo EH$ Y‘© h¡ hr {OgH$mH$moB© Y‘u Vmo hmoZm hr Mm{h`o. Cg CËn{ÎmH$mo {H$g Y‘uH$m Y‘©‘mZZm?... Omo r H$moB© dñVw Bg CËn{Îmê$n Y‘©H$m Y‘u ‘mZr Om oCgo CËn{Îmgo nyd©{gÕ Vmo ‘mZZm hr n‹S>oJm... AV… Y‘uH$mo gZmVZ‘mZo {~Zm H$moB© Cnm` eof Zht ah OmVm h¡. A~ Eogm Y‘u Vmo ~«ô‘na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² hr hmo gH$Vo h¢. AÝ` H$moB© Zht, AÛ¡Vlw{VHo$H$maU. AV… Am{d^m©dê$n Y‘©Ho$ KQ>m{Xê$n Y‘uH$m ~«ô‘Ëd `m^JdÎd ^r ñdrH$maZm hr n‹S>oJm. BgrHo$ gmW Ow‹S>m hþdm nrN>o-nrN>oMbm Am oJm Am{d^m©dê$n Y‘©H$m ^r ~«ô‘Ëd `m ^JdÎd.''

(V.Xr.{Z.à.2&140).

Bg à{VnmXZH$m ’${bVmW© {dMmaZona H$m ©H$maU^md m Y‘©Y{‘© md AWdmepŠV-epŠV‘X² md Ho$ Û¡V m AÛ¡V Ho$ ñdê$nm|‘| {H$gr VahH$m à oX ‘hmà wH$mo‘mÝ` hmo Eogm àVrV Vmo hmoVm Zht h¡. AV… AH$maU VmXmËå`H$mo oXm oXê$n‘mZZoHo$ ~Om` ^oXm^oXmVrV Vwar`H$mo{Q> ‘mZZm hr CnnÝZ hmoVm h¡. AV…"ewÕmÛ¡V'nXHo$ KQ>H$ "AÛ¡V'nXH$mo ^mdê$n A oXmË‘H$ `m VmXmËå`ê$n ‘mZH$a "ewÕ'nXgo `{X {H$gr nXmW©H$s ì`md¥{Îm ñdrH$maZr hmo Vmo dh ~«ô‘oVaV`mà{V^mV m gå^m{dV g^rH$s ì`md¥{Îm ‘mZZr ~«ô‘dmXHo$ ì`m»`mZV`m A{Zdm ©bJVr h¡.

BgHo$ Abmdm Bg bjUHo$ AÝVJ©V EH$ Am¡a {deof CëboIZr` ~mV""{ÛËdàH$maH$kmZà{V`mo{JVmH$ A^mddmZ²'' ewÕmÛ¡V ‘mZm J`m h¡. Bgogab eãXmdbr‘| g‘PZm hmo Vmo {H$gr {deof àH$maHo$ kmZH$m H$ht Z hmoZmCgH$m ewÕmÛ¡VbjU{d{eï> hmoZm h¡. Ohm§ VH$ AÝ`mÝ` doXmÝVgåàXm`m|Ho$‘Vm|go Bg ewÕmÛ¡VbjUHo$ Ag§H$sU© hmoZoH$s ~mV hmo Vmo lrn{V^JdËnmXmMm ©Ho${deofmÛ¡Vgo Bg bjUHo$ AmYmana n¥WH²$ H$a nmZm XwîH$a bJVm h¡. ahr BgA^mddÎmmH$s H$Wm Vmo Š`m Bgo {df`{df{`^mdê$n gå~ÝYà`wŠV boZr `mAml`ml{`^mdê$n gå~ÝYà wŠV boZr? `{X {df`{df{`^md gå~ÝYà wŠVboVo h¢ Vmo "" o KQ> Am¡a nQ> XmoZm| {^ÝZ h¢'' Eogo ~moY‘| Z Vmo KQ> Am¡a nQ> Ho$

~rM H$m ©H$maU^md hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Z A§em§{e^md `m ì`mß`ì`mnH$^md hr. EogrpñW{V‘| H$m`©H$maUm^mdm{Xà`wŠV {ÛËd Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU d¡gm {ÛËd{d{eï>-KQ>-nQ>-{df`H$ ^oX kmZ‘| ^m{gV Zht hmoJm. AV… Eogo kmZHo$ {df`V`mKQ>nQ> oXH$mo ^r ewÕmÛ¡Vê$n ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. `{X Bgo Bï> hr ‘mZ| V~ ^r ""bjUAm¡a à‘mU go dñVw {gÕ hmoVr hmoZo''Ho$ {Z`‘Ho$ AZwamoYde bjUm¡{MË`Ho${d‘e©Ho$ g‘` ewÕmÛ¡VHo$ gmÜ` hmoZogo hr ewÕmÛ¡VkmZ àË`j~m{YV hmo Om oJm.`{X Bgo lw{Vàm‘mÊ`Ho$ àm~ë`de ~m{YV Z ^r ‘mZ| V~ ^r ewÕmÛ¡VAÝ`moÝ`m^mdê$n oXH$m nm[a^m{fH$ nX‘mÌ ah OmZogo bjUH$s AÝ`Wmonn{ÎmJbon{VV hmoJr.

AV… kmZm^mdÎmmH$mo Aml`ml{`^mdê$n gå~ÝYà wŠV ‘mZVo h¢ Vmo {ebmAm{X O‹S> nXmWm]‘|, {Z{d©H$ënH$kmZdmZ² AWdm ‘y{N©>V `m {Z{ÐV nwéfm|‘| ^rA{Vì`mßV ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. ""gdª Ibw BX§ ~«ô‘'' (N>mÝXmo. Cn.3&14&1)lw{VdMZHo$ AmYmana g^r Hw$N> ~«ô‘ê$n hmoZogo gd©Ì ewÕmÛ¡VHo$ A^rï> hmoZoH$s~mV H$hr Om`, V~ Vmo em§H$am|H$s ‘m`mdmXmZwgmar ‘{VH$mo ^r gd©Ho$ AÝVJ©V~«ô‘ê$nV`m ‘mÝ` H$a boZm C{MV hmoZogo, ewÕmÛ¡VHo$ bjU‘| BVaì`mdV©ZH$sAnojm hr ah Zht Om oJr. ewÕmÛ¡VHo$ bjUn[aîH$ma‘| C^ar Bg Ag‘ÄOgVmHo$~rO J«ÝWH$maHo$ Jwé ewÕmÛ¡V‘mV©ÊS>H$maHo$ VmXmËå`H$mo ^oXm^oXê$n ‘mZZoHo$Ag‘r{jVm{^YmZHo$ de hr hþ r bJVr h¡. AVEd ewÛmÛ¡V‘mV©ÊS>H$maHo$-

""ewÕmÛ¡V{dXm|H$s àVr{V Vmo CÎm‘ h¡ naÝVw oXm oXH$s àVr{V‘Ü`‘H$jmH$s OmZZr Mm{h`o. AV… ewÕmÛ¡VHo$ AZwamoYde‘Ü`‘H$jmH$s àVr{VH$mo ^r Jmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘Or VWmlr‘XmMm`©MaUZo ^r H$ht-H$ht ‘mÝ` aIr h¡.''

(ewÕm.‘mV©.34-35). Bg CX²JmaH$m ’${bVmW© ñd`§ ‘hmà^wH$mo A{^‘V ewÕmÛ¡VHo$ ñdê$ngo

ñdVÝÌ ewÕmÛ¡VHo$ à{VnmXZmW© h¡ AWdm lr‘XmMm ©MaU VWm lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrHo$ ewÕmÛ¡Vgå~ÝYr à{VnmXZm|H$mo gd©Ì ewÕmÛ¡VnaH$ boZoHo$ ~Om` oXm oXnaH$boVo ahZoH$s gmdYmZrH$m {ZX}eZ h¡, `h ñ’w$Q> Zht hmo nmVm AñVw.

ewÕmÛ¡VdmXH$m lm¡V ‘yb VWm VwbZmË‘H$ ñdê$n :

27 28

~«ô‘ VÎd `{X Cn{ZfËà{VnmÚ hmo Vmo g^r doXmÝVHo$ gåàXm`m|H$m BgAW©‘| ~«ô‘dmXr hmoZm Vmo AZwŠV{gÕ hr h¡ naÝVw ~«ô‘Ho$ VWm ~«ô‘go CËnÝZAm¡a Cg‘| pñWV Am¡a brZ hmoZodmbo O‹S>OrdmË‘H$ OJV²Ho$ nañna gå~ÝYm|H$sì`m»`mAm|‘| AmYma^yV Cn{ZfX²dMZm|Ho$ nmW©Š`Ho$ H$maU doXmÝVHo$ {MÝVZ‘|AZoH${dY gåàXm`m|H$m CX² d H¡$go hþdm, Bg VwbZmË‘H$ VÏ`Ho$ AdbmoH$ZmW©AYmo{Z{X©ï> lw{VdMZmdbr VWm lw{Vì`m»`mdbr na Ñ{ï>nmV Amdí`H$ bJVmh¡ :

(1)Ho$dbmÛ¡V‘V(dmŠ`)

EH$‘odm{ÛVr § + BÝÐmo ‘m`m{^… nwéê$n B© Vo.(ì`m»`m)

gOmVr` {dOmVr` ñdJV oXmË`ÝVm^mdmonb{jV + ‘m`monm{YH$ì`mdhm[aH$/àm{V^m{gH$ ^oX

(2)Am¡nm{YH$Û¡VmÛ¡V‘V(dmŠ`)

EH$‘odm{ÛVr § + namñ` epŠV{d©{dY¡d ly Vo.(ì`m»`m)

H$maUê$nH$m AÛ¡V + epŠVH$m`©^yVm|H$m Û¡V

(3){d{eï>mÛ¡V‘V(dmŠ`)

EH$‘odm{ÛVr § + `… n¥{Wì`m§ {Vð>Z²...AÝVamo `‘`{V(ì`m»`m)

{d{eï>H$m AÛ¡V + {deofU-{deoî`m|H$m Am¡a {deofUm|H$m Û¡V

(4)Û¡V‘V

(dmŠ`)EH$‘odm{ÛVr § + kmkm¡ Ûm¡ AOm¡ B©emZrem¡

(ì`m»`m)ñdJVgOmVr`-Û¡Vam{hË` + nma‘m{W©H$ {dOmVr`Û¡V

(5){deofmÛ¡V‘V(dmŠ`)

EH$‘odm{ÛVr`§ + g `Wm ZÚ…...g‘wЧàmß`AñV§JÀN>pÝV{^ÚÝVoVmgm§Zm‘ê$nog‘wÐBË`od

(ì`m»`m)g^r ñdm^m{dH$ oX{^ÝZm|H$m ~«÷mÝVb© mh© AÛ¡V + AZm{XgmÝV nma‘m{W©H$

Û¡V

(6)A{d^mJmÛ¡V‘V(dmŠ`)

EH$‘odm{ÛVr § + `Wm½Zo… jwÐm… {dñ’w$qbJm… ì wÀMapÝV(ì`m»`m)

AmH$memon‘{ZË`m{dH$m[a-A{Yð>mZ‘|A{d^mJê$nAÛ¡V +g¥{ï>‘|A{ZË`Zm‘ê$n{d^mOZê$nÛ¡V

(7)ewÕmÛ¡V‘V(dmŠ`)

EH$‘odm{ÛVr § + VX² EojV ~hþ ñ`m§ àOm o(ì`m»`m)

~«÷ñdê$nñdm^m{dH$ AÛ¡V + Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©-OrdZmZmËdê$n EopÀN>H$ Û¡V

29 30

doXmÝVHo$ BZ {d{dY gåàXm`m|‘| A{^àoV Û¡V Ed§ AÛ¡V Ho$ nañna gå~ÝY‘ybH$ñdê$n oXm|H$mo aoImË‘H$ àVrH${MÌm|Ûmam ^r EH$ ~ma {ZaI H$a gw{ZYm©[aV H$aboZm Cn wŠV hmoJm. AV… Û¡V Am¡a AÛ¡V XmoZm|Ho$ Xmo-Xmo d¥Îm ~Zm H$a CZHo$nañna AÝV^m©d `m ~{h^m©d H$mo `m| {M{ÌV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ :

doXmÝVHo$ {d{dY gåàXm`m|Ûmam CZH$s YmaUmAm|Ho$ ‘yb‘| aho lw{VdMZAm¡a CZH$s {d{dY ì`m»`mAm|Ho$ {dh§JmdbmoH$Z H$aZona EH$ ~mV Vmo `h{~bHw$b ñnï> hmo OmVr h¡ {H$ BZ g^rHo$ ~rM ~«mpô‘H$ AÛ¡VHo$ ~mao‘| ‘V oXCVZo A{YH$ Zht h¡ {OVZo {H$ Cg ~«ô‘Ho$ gmW O‹S>OrdmË‘H$ OJV²Ho$ gå~ÝYH$mobo H$a ‘V oX Vrd« hþdo h¢. Xygar ~mV `h {H$ {H$gr Z {H$gr VahH$m Û¡V Vmo-Am¡a {H$gr Z {H$gr VahH$m AÛ¡V-g^r gåàXm`m|H$mo A{^àoV h¡ hr. AV… h‘XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ "" oX h¡ `m A oX?'' Bg àíZH$mo bo H$a ‘V oX CVZo ZhtC^ao h¢ {OVZo Û¡V h¡ Vmo H¡$gm h¡ Am¡a AÛ¡V h¡ Vmo H¡$gm? `m| "Û¡V' `m "AÛ¡V'nXm|Ho$ gmW Omo‹S>o OmVo {deofUm|Ho$ H$maU ‘V oX C^ao h¢. Û¡VmÛ¡VdmXr hmoZona ^rlr^mñH$amMm © "Am¡nm{YH$' {deofU Û¡VmÛ¡VdmXHo$ gmW Omo‹S>Zm MmhVo h¢, Vmolrn{V^JdËnmXmMm © AÛ¡VdmXHo$ gmW "{deof' {deofU Omo‹S>Zm MmhVo h¢, Vmolr{dkmZ{^jw AÛ¡VdmX Ho$ gmW "A{d^mJ' {deofU Omo‹S>Zm MmhVo h¢. BgrVah ewÕmÛ¡VdmXH$m ‘V oX g‘rnVadVu BZ AdYmaUmAm|Ho$ gmW Bg AW©‘| h¡{H$ AÛ¡V `hm§ ñdm^m{dH$ h¡ Vmo Û¡V EopÀN>H$ h¡. AV… Û¡VH$m gd©Wm AñdrH$maVmo em§H$a doXmÝV‘| r CnbãY Zht hmoVm. Š`moqH$ dhm§ r nma‘m{W©H$ AZm¡nm{YH$AÛ¡VHo$ gmW hr gmW ì`mdhm[aH$ Am¡a àm{V^m{gH$ ‘m`monm{YH$ Û¡V Vmo ‘mÝ`aIo hr J o h¢.

~«ô‘dmXHo$ AmYmana àñVm{dV ewÕmÛ¡VdmXr Ñ{ï>H$s nm[a^m{fH$Vm:

AV… Cn{ZfËà{VnmÚ ~«ô‘Ho$ A§JrH$maHo$ AW©‘| Vmo doXmÝVHo$ g^r gåàXm`~«ô‘dmXr h¢ hr naÝVw EVmdVm g^rH$mo ewÛmÛ¡VdmXr ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm. BgrVah maVr` Xe©Z‘| CXmhaU Z r {‘b nm o naÝVw nmíMmË` Xe©Z‘| Idealistic

Monism ~mh² OJV²H$mo H$mën{ZH$ ‘mZ H$a CgHo$ A{Yð>mZ yV VÎdHo$ AÛ¡VhmoZoHo$ {gÕmÝVH$s VwbZm‘|, ~mh² OJV²H$mo dmñV{dH$ ‘mZ CgHo$ CnmXmZ yVVÎdHo$ ^mdê$n AÛ¡V hmoZoH$m {gÕmÝV Realistic Monism ßbmo{VZg², Om°Ýh²ñH$m°Q>g² E[aOoZm, Hy$gm {ZH$mobg², Vmo‘mgmo Ho$ånmZobm, ~méµH²$ pñnZmoµOm, erqbJ²Am¡a E.EZ². ìhmB©Q²>hoS²> O¡go Xme©{ZH$m|Ho$ {MÝVZ‘| ^r {‘bVm hr h¡. `o g^r{H$gr Z {H$gr àH$mago ewÕmÛ¡VdmXH$m hr g‘W©Z H$aVo h¢. AV… ewÕmÛ¡VdmXHo$àË oH$ àH$ma‘| CgH$m ~«ô‘dmXna Adbpå~V hmoZm ^r {gÕ Zht hmo nmVm.

AÛ¡VÛ¡V

Û¡V AÛ¡V

AÛ¡V

AÛ¡V

AÛ¡V

Û¡V

Û¡V

Û¡V

Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmX

Am¡nm{YH$Û¡VmÛ¡VdmX

{deofmÛ¡VdmX/A{d^mJmÛ¡VdmX

Û¡VdmX/{d{eîQ>mÛ¡VdmX

ewÕmÛ¡VdmX

31 32

AV… ‘hmà^w lrdëb^mMm`©H$mo Omo A{^‘V hmo gHo$ Eogo ewÕmÛ¡VdmX Am¡a~«ô‘dmX Ho$ ~rM nmañn[aH$ gå~ÝY {ZYm©[aV H$aZm Amdí`H$ hmo OmVm h¡.

O¡gm {H$ h‘ XoI MwHo$ VXZwgma lw{Và{VnmÚ `{X ~«ô‘ EH$‘od A{ÛVr`hmo AWm©V² gOmVr` {dOmVr` Ed§ ñdJV oXm|go {dd{O©V hmo Vmo {ÛËdàH$maH$kmZH$m {df` dh ‘ybñdê$noU Vmo hmo Zht gH$Vm. AV… O~ Eogo Cg ~«ô‘Ho$~mao‘| lw{V H$hVr h¡ {H$ ""`h Ñí`‘mZ² g^r Hw$N> nhbo ~«ô‘ hr Wm. CgZoAnZo-AmnHo$ ~mao‘| gmoMm {H$ "‘¢ Vmo ~«ô‘ hþ§' AVEd dh g^r Hw$N> ~ZJ`m'' (~¥h.Cn.1&4&10) Vmo Eogr pñW{V‘| ~«ô‘Ho$ ^rVa Omo H$m ©H$maU^md`m A§em§{e^md àH$Q> hþdm, CZ‘| H$m © `m A§e Am¡a H$maU `m A§er XmoZm|H$mhr ~«ô‘mË‘H$ hmoZm Amdí`H$ hmo OmVm h¡. AÝ`Wm ñdJV ^oXH$s Amn{ÎmAm oJr, ~«ô‘H$m H$moB© gOmVr` `m {dOmVr` nXmW© Z ^r hmo V~ ^r. EogrpñW{V‘| "AÛ¡V'nXHo$ gmW "ewÕ' {deofU Omo‹S>Zona {H$g AÝ`H$m ì`mdV©ZeŠ` ‘mZZm? `h àíZ CR>Vm h¡. Bg àíZH$m g‘mYmZ ImoOZo OmZona lw{VHo$AZwgma `m ñd‘V‘| Vmo H$moB© ì`mdV©Zr` {‘b Zht gH$Vm. AVEd ‘hmà^wH$hVo h¢ :

""~«ô‘dmXHo$ {dMma H$aZona Vmo {H$gr ^r VahH$s {ZépŠV `mbjU (bú`oVaHo$ ì`mdV©ZmW©) àñVwV Zht {H$`m Om gH$Vm.Š`m|{H$ O~ g^r Hw$N> ~«ô‘ hmo Vmo, Z Vmo ~«ô‘oVaV`m ì`mdV©Zr`H$moB© dñVw hmo gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a Z ~«ô‘‘| Eogm H$moB© BVaì`mdV©H$AgmYmaU JwUY‘© hr ‘mZm `m {XIbm`m Om gH$Vm h¡. AV…~«ô‘‘|go EopÀN>H$ ^oX{^ÝZ bmoH$Ho$ àH$Q> hm oZ oHo$ ~mX hr(~«ô‘‘r‘m§gm¡n{`H$ bjU-à‘mU{ZYm©aUHo$ ) ì`dhma gå^d~ZVo h¢.''

(nÌmdbå~Z : 3).

Bg {dYmZH$m ‘‘© ^br^m§{V g‘PZm hmo Vmo nwZ… Cn{ZfX²‘| {‘bVo ~«ô‘Ho$ñdê$nbjU Am¡a CgH$s lwVmWm©n{Îm AdbmoH$Zr` h¢. gd©àW‘ dhm§ ~«ô‘Ho$ñdê$nbjUHo$ ê$n‘| h H$hm J`m {H$ XoeV… H$mbV… Am¡a ñdê$nV… An[apÀN>ÝZ

gÎmm Am¡a M¡VÝ` hmoZm ~«ô‘H$m ñdê$n h¡. `Ú{n ‘m`mdmX‘| Bg gÎmm-M¡VÝ`H$sAn[apÀN>ÝZVmH$mo Vm{H©$H$ {Z`{Vgo ‘wŠV H$aZoH$mo A{dÚmê$nm ‘m`mH$mogXgX²{dbjU A{Zd©MZr` ñdê$nmZm{X Am¡a VÁOÝ`{df`g¥{ï>H$mo gXgX²{dbjUA{Zd©MZr` àdmhmZm{X ‘mZm J`m h¡. `m| ~«mpô‘H$s gÎmm-MoVZmH$sAn[apÀN>ÝZVm‘| ~mYH$ Z hmo nmZodmbr Anma‘m{W©H$s gÎmm ñdrH$ma br J`rh¡. AV… h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ~«ô‘H$s ñdê$nbjUm¡n{`H$s An[apÀN>ÝZVmH$mnj boZoH$mo ~«ô‘H$s H$m ©bjUm¡n{`H$s An[apÀN>ÝZVmHo$ gmW AÝ`m` hmo J`mh¡ Š`m|{H$ Cn{ZfX²‘| ñdê$nbjUHo$ gmW hr gmW {X o H$m ©bjU‘| Vmo gwñnï>eãXm|‘| `h Am¡a H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ ""gË`kmZmZÝVñdê$n ~«ô‘mË‘m‘| go hrAmH$mem{X nÄM ‘hm yVê$n g¥{ï>‘| nwZ… ~«ô‘bjUmH«$mÝV AÝZ AÝZ‘`àmU‘` ‘Zmo‘` {dkmZ‘` VWm AmZÝX‘` m| H$moemon‘ CÎmamoÎma AÝVd©VrAmË‘ê$n àH$Q> hþdo h¢.'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&1-5).

AV… h‘ ñnï>ê$n‘| XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ AmË‘g¥ï> AmH$mem{X O‹S>ê$n Am¡aAÝZ‘`m{X Ordê$n, XmoZm|‘| CnmgZmW© Zht àË`wV ñd`§ ~«ô‘ê$n AmË‘mHo$A{ZVagm{Mì`de gd©Ì ~«ô‘ê$nVm à{Vnm{XV hþ`r h¡. Eogr pñW{V‘|gXgX²{dbjU Anma‘m{W©H$ hr ghr ~«ô‘oVa {H$gr H$maU nXmW©H$m ~«ô‘H$sAn[apÀN>ÝZ gÎmm-MoVZmHo$ ^dZ‘| {nN>bo Ûmago àdoe `{X Cn{ZfXm|H$mo ‘mÝ`hmoVm Vmo dhm§ Eogm H$^r H$hm Zht OmVm {H$-

""Omo ~«ô‘H$s An[apÀN>ÝZ gÎmmMoVZmH$m AñdrH$ma H$aVm h¡,dh "‘¢ Zht hþ§' H$hZodmbm AgX² mfr ~Z OmVm h¡... Š`m|{H$ EogmH$hZodmbm O~ Bg bmoH$H$m Ë`mJ H$a AÝ`Ì OmVm h¡ Vmo dhOmZodmbm H$m¡Z h¡? O~ EH$ ~«ô‘kmZr bmoH$Ë`mJ H$aVm h¡ Vmo dh~«ô‘H$s AÝ` {H$gr AdñWm `m ñdê$n H$mo àmßV H$aVm h¡ `m Zht?dh ~«ô‘kmZr ~«ô‘ñdê$n àmßV H$aVm hr h¡, Š`m|{H$ ~«ô‘Zo hrH$m‘Zm H$s, {H$ "‘¢ EH$ AZoH$ ~Z OmD$§'... CgrZo `h g~ Hw$N>{gaOm Am¡a AnZr g¥{ï>Ho$ ^rVa à{dï> hþdm... à{dï> hmo H$a dhràË`j Am¡a namoj OJV² ~Zm. {ZéŠV Am¡a A{ZéŠV ~Zm. gmYmaAm¡a {ZamYma ~Zm. {dkmZ Am¡a A{dkmZ ~Zm. gË` Am¡a AZ¥V ^r

33 34

dhr ~Zm. Bg{b o `h Omo Hw$N> hmo Cgo "gË`' H$hZm Mm{h o. `h{XIbm`r XoVr g¥{ï> nhbo Zht Wr Am¡a ~mX‘| ~Zr hm| Eogr bJVrh¢ (Eogm naÝVw gM‘wM‘| Zht. Š`m|{H$ ) CgZo AnZo-AmnH$mo hrg¥{ï>Ho$ ê$n‘| {Zînm{XV {H$`m. AVEd `h CgH$m gwH¥$V h¡. g¥{ï>‘|Omo Hw$N> h¡ dh CgH$m gwH¥$V hr h¡. dhr Vmo ag h¡. Bgr agH$mo nm H$aAmZÝXr ~Zm Om gH$Vm h¡. AÝ`Wm Bg AmH$me‘| ~«ô‘ ^am hþdmZ hmoVm Vmo H$m¡Z gm§g boZm MmhVm Am¡a àmUr ~ZZm MmhVm? CgrHo$H$maU AmZÝXmZw y{V hmoVr h¡. Omo H$moB© Bg AÑí`, (Š`m|{H$ dhñd`§ g^rHo$ ^rVa AmË‘ê$n h¡, H$moB© CgHo$ ^rVa AmË‘V`mAdpñWV Z hmoZogo) AZmËå`, A{ZéŠV VWm {ZOmË‘m‘| hr à{V{ð>VahVm h¡. Eogo Cg‘| Omo à{V{ð>V hmo nmVm h¡ CgHo$ gmao ^` {Zd¥Îm hmoOmVo h¢. Bg An[apÀN>ÝZ‘|, naÝVw, Omo {H$gr VahH$s n[apÀN>ÝZVmàH$Q> H$aZm MmhVm h¡ Cgo Vmo ^`^rV hr hmoZm n‹S>Vm h¡.''

(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6-7). `hm§ gwñnï> eãXm|‘| A{dkmZ-`{X gÎdmgÎdoZ A{ZéŠV aIZm hmo V~

^r-^r gË`kmZmZÝV ~«ô‘ Ûmam {b`m J`m EH$ ê$n ‘mZm J`m h¡. EogrñdrH¥${VHo$ AmYmana Bg A{dÚmê$nm ‘m`m‘| ^r ~«ô‘H$s ñdê$nmn[apÀN>ÝZVmà{Vnm{XV hþ`r ‘mZZr n‹S>Vr h¡. AVEd ‘hmà^w H$hVo h¢ ""gd©^dZg‘W©^JdmZ²H$s àH$Q> hmoZodmbr AZoH$mZoH$ epŠVAm|‘| {dÚm Am¡a A{dÚm ^rXmo epŠV`m§ hmoVr h¢. BZHo$ H$maU ^JdX§eê$n Ord g§gmago ‘wŠV `mg§gma‘| ~Õ hmoVo ahVo h¢. o H$^r, naÝVw, ñd § na‘oídaH$mo à^m{dV ZhtH$a nmVr'' (V.Xr.{Z.1&31). AV… H$m ©g¥{ï>H$mo ^r A~«ô‘mpË‘H$m ‘mZmo V^rñdJV n[aÀN>oX hmoVm h¡ AÝ`Wm Zht. `h gwpñWa hþdm.

"ewÕmÛ¡V' nXHo$ KQ>H$ H$‘©Yma` Am¡a VËnwéf g‘mgm| Ûmam àH$Q> hmoVo{Û{dY ñdmañ` :

H$moeHo$ AZwgma "ewÕ'nXHo$ Xmo AW© hmoVo h¢ : 1.nyV Am¡a 2.Ho$db. A~nyV hmoZoHo$ AW©‘| ~«ô‘ `m CgHo$ AÛ¡V na nhbo An{dÌ hmo OmZoHo$ AÜ`mamonaIo {~Zm "ewÕ' nX gmW©H$ hmo Zht nm`oJm. Am¡a "Ho$db' AW© boZona Vmo"ewÕmÛ¡V'nX nwZ… Ho$dbmÛ¡V hmoZoH$m ^md àH$Q> H$aoJm.

AV… AJ{VH$V`m AÜ`mamo{nV An{dÌVmH$mo AkmZ g§e` AWdm «mpÝVdeàVrV hmoVr ‘mZZr n‹S>oJr. AV… ~«ô‘Ho$ ñdê$nbjUV`m ""Omo ewÕ ^r hmo Am¡aAÛ¡V ^r hmo'' Eogm H$‘©Yma` g‘mg gmoMm Om gH$Vm h¡. BgH$m ’${bVmW© hmoJm: ~«ô‘Ho$ gOmVr`V`m `m ~«ô‘go {dOmVr`V`m, H$pënV `m g§ m{dV {H$gr ^rnXmW©Ho$ H$maU, ~«ô‘H$m AÛ¡V An{dÌ Zht hmoVm.

AWdm "ewÕ'nXH$mo Ho$dbmW©H$ ‘mZZona nydm}ŠV "EH$‘od' lwË`§eH$mn`m© dmMH$ "ewÕ'nXH$mo ‘mZZm Mm{h o. AWm©V² ~«ô‘Ho$ g‘mZ Om{Vdmbm H$moB©AÝ` nXmW© hmo Zht gH$Vm. Bgr Vah "AÛ¡V' nX ^r Cgr "A{ÛVr`' lwË §eHo$n`m© V`m ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm {H$ ~«ô‘go {dOmVr` ^r H$moB© nXmW© hmo Zht gH$Vm.

`m| ñdê$nbjUmW©H$ H$‘©Yma` g‘mgHo$ H$maU {‘bVo AW©H$m {d‘e© H$aboZona VËnwéf g‘mgm{lV "ewÕmÛ¡V' nXH$m ^md ~«ô‘Ho$ H$m ©bjUHo$ gÝX ©‘|gmoMm Om gH$Vm h¡.

àíZ `hm§ CR>Vm h¡ {H$ Š`m gOmVr`-{dOmVr` oXm|go a{hV ~«ô‘‘| H$m ©-H$maUê$nm| AWdm A§em§{eê$nm|H$m àmXw m©d ~«ô‘‘| ñdJV oX àH$Q> H$aoJm {H$Zht? H$m`©-A§e Am{X ê$nm|‘| Am¡a H$maU-A§er Am{X ê$nm|‘| ~«ô‘oVaV`mH$pënV `m gå^m{dV {H$gr ^r nXmW©Ho$ Û¡Vgo a{hV ~«ô‘H$mo ‘mZZona ""ñd §AnZogo {^ÝZ Zht Eogo ewÕ H$m`m] `m ewÕ A§em| H$m hr ~«ô‘ ewÕ H$maU VWmewÕ A§er ~ZVm h¡. AV… XmoZm| ewÕm|H$m hr AÛ¡V h¡'' Eogm VËnwéf g‘mgHo$H$maU Úmo{VV hmoVm h¡. AV… ñdJV oX ^r AmnmXZr` Zht ah OmVm.

`hm§ EH$ e§H$m C^aVr h¡ {H$ O‹S> nXmWm]‘| {MXmZÝXm§eHo$ {VamoYmZde OmoCËn{Îm pñW{V {dn[aU{V d¥{Õ Anj` Am¡a {dZme ê$n N>h ^md{dH$ma AZw yVhmoVo h¢, do `m Vmo ~«ô‘‘| ^r ñdrH$maZo n‹S>|Jo AWdm CÝh| ~«ô‘‘| Z ‘mZZona~«ô‘Ho$ gX§eê$n O‹S> H$m`m]Ho$ H$maU ~«ô‘‘| ñdJV oXH$s Amn{Îm Vmo Am oJrhr. Bgr Vah {MX§e Ord‘| AmZÝXm§eHo$ {VamoYmZde Xoh BpÝÐ` àmU AÝV…H$aUAm¡a {ZOñdê$nHo$ AkmZ ê$nr nm§M Am{dÚH$ AÜ`mg àH$Q> hmoVo h¢, do ^r `mVmo ~«ô‘‘| ñdrH$maZo n‹S>|Jo Am¡a ~«ô‘‘| Z ñdrH$maZona ~«ô‘Ho$ {MX§e‘| BZAm{dÚH$ AÜ`mgm|Ho$ H$maU ~«ô‘‘| ñdJV oXH$s Amn{Îm Am oJr hr.

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BZ Amn{Îm`m|Ho$ g‘mYmZmW© ewÕmÛ¡VdmX‘| H$m`m] m A§em| ‘| gpÀMXmZÝXê$n~«ô‘H$s AZoH$Ym AÝVì`m©pßVna Ü`mZ {Xbdm`m OmVm h¡. Zm‘e… :gX§emonmXZV`m, gd© dZg‘W©V`m VWm gË`g§H$ëngm‘Ï ©Ho$ de ñdmÝV{Z©{hVñdmË‘H$ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m ]H o $ Am{d^m ©dH$V`m, {MX§em oH o $ A§{eV`m,gdm©ÝV`m©{‘V`m, nañna gd©{df‘m|‘o gd©g‘V`m, gd©ê$nV`m Am{X ê$nm|‘|.AV… {OZ ~«ô‘monmXmZH$ nXmWm]‘| Ho$db gÎmm `m M¡VÝ` àH$Q> AZw yV hmoVo h¢,dhm§ ^r Ad{eï> {MX§e `m Ad{eï> AmZÝXm§e H$m EoH$mpÝVH$ A^md ‘mZZoHo$~Om` {Vamo md hr ‘mZm OmVm h¡. AVEd CnmXo H$m © VÎdm|‘| H$maUVÎdHo$VWm A§em|‘| A§erHo$ ^r AÝV{Z©{hV hmoZogo ~«ô‘Ho$ ^rVa ñdJV oXHo$ A^mdH$sAmn{Îm A{dMm[aV bJVr h¡, bmoH$àË`j‘| ~«ô‘Ho$ AÝV{Z©{hV hmoZoH$m VÏ`AZd^m{gV ahVm hmoZogo. "{Vamo md'nXH$m AW© hmoVm h¡ : {H$gr dñVwHo$ {dÚ‘mZhmoZona^r m Vmo CgH$s AW©{H«$`mH$m[aVm àH$Q> Z hmoZr m CgH$s AZw y{VJmoMaVmàH$Q> Z hmoZr; `m XmoZm| hr. AV… Eogr pñW{V‘| AkmZr OZm|H$s àVr{VHo$ deñdJV oXH$s C^aVr Amn{Îm dñVwV… {Q>H$ Zht nmVr.

Bg {ddoMZmHo$ ~bna ewÕmÛ¡VdmXH$s CXmhaUmonn{Îm-gwdU©Ho$ Hw$ÊS>bmË‘Zmn[aUV hmoZona ^r gwdU©ê$nVm Z Imo XoZoHo$ H$maU-bm¡{H$H$ CXmhaUÛmam Xagm`rOm gH$Vr h¡. ~«ô‘dmXHo$ CnnmXZmW©, naÝVw, bm¡{H$H$ CXmhaU ImoO nmZm eŠ`Zht. ‘yb‘| BgH$m H$maU `hr h¡ {H$ ~«ô‘H$mo CnmXmZ `m g‘dm`r H$maU ^r‘mZm J`m h¡, Vmo A{dH$mar ^r ‘mZm J`m h¡. H$Vm© ^r ‘mZm J`m h¡ Am¡aBVaH$aUm|H$s Anojmgo a{hV ^r.gd©k ‘mZm J`m h¡ Vmo AmZÝXê$nm brbmAm|‘|{dhmaH$mar ^r. EVmdVm {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ "ewÕmÛ¡VdmX'H$mo, ‘hmà^wHo$‘VHo$ à‘wI A{^YmZ hmoZoHo$ nXna A{^{fŠV H$aZm hmo Vmo, dh ~«ô‘dmXH$mghmam {b o {~Zm eŠ` Zht. "~«ô‘dmX'-ñd‘VmZwê$n n[a^m{fV m An[a^m{fVAW©‘| ^r-nXgo A{^Yo AdYmaUmH$mo ‘hmà wHo$ ‘VHo$ à‘wI A{^YmZ hmoZoHo$nXna A{^{fŠV H$aZm hmo Vmo Cgo "ewÕmÛ¡V'nXH$s Anojm {Z`V Zht bJVr h¡.

ewÕmÛ¡VdmXHo$ à‘wI KQ>H$ `m AmYma yV AmR> dmX :

AV… ewÕmÛ¡VdmXH$mo ‘hmà wHo$ ‘VHo$ à‘wI A{^YmZV`m gm§Jmonm§J {ZhmaZmhmo Vmo AYmo{Z{X©îQ> dmX A{Zdm ©V`m AmYma yV AdYmaUmAm|Ho$ ê$n‘| ‘mÝ`H$aZo hr n‹S>Vo h¢ :

1.~«ô‘dmX.2.{déÕY‘m©l`VmdmX.3.A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZH$maUVmdmX.4.gËH$maUVmdmX.5.gËH$m`©dmX.6.Am{d^m©d{Vamo^mddmX.7.H$m`©H$maUVmXmËå`dmX VWm A§em§{eVmXmËå`dmX.8.brbmW©g¥{ï>dmX.

BZ AmR>m|Ho$ AmR>m| dmXm|Ho$ CnmoX²~bH$ lw{VdMZ Am¡a ‘hmà wHo$ dMZm|‘|ñdrH¥$V CZHo$ {ZîH$f© XmoZm| hr AUw mî`àW‘mÜ`m`Ho$ àW‘IÊS>H$s y{‘H$m‘|{X o hr h¢. gmo {deof {Okmgm hmoZona dhtgo XoI boZm CnH$maH$ hmoJm. `hm§CZHo$ n[aJUZH$m à‘wI hoVw `h XagmZm h¡ {H$ BZ AmR> dmXm|Ho$ AÝVJ©V àW‘Am¡a ApÝV‘ dmX Ho$db lwË`oH$Jå` AdYmaUm`| h¢; O~{H$, Xygaogo gmVd|dmXm|dmbr AdYmaUm | bm¡{H$H$ àVr{V VWm wpŠV Ûmam Jå` ^r VWm CnnÝZ^r H$s Om gH$Vr h¢. BZ AmR> dmXm|H$mo AmYma yV dmŠ`V`m {ZhmaZona AWm©n{ÎmÛmamOmo ewÕmÛ¡VdmX {gÕ hmoVm h¡, Cgo hr ‘hmà^wHo$ Xme©{ZH$ {MÝVZHo$ à‘wIhmoZoH$s nXdrna A{^{fŠV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡.

`h Vmo ñnï> hr h¡ {H$ BZ AmR> dmXm|‘| ‘hmà wÛmam A§JrH¥$V gmar {H$ gmarXme©{ZH$ AdYmaUm | AÝV y©V hmo Zht nmVr. CXmhaUV`m, ànÄMg§gma oXdmX,OrdÌ¡{dÜ`dmX, H¥$nmbä`ËddmX, lrH¥$îUna~«ô‘ËddmX Am{X r dmëb^ ‘V‘|AZoH$mZoH$ A{Ve` àmUmon‘ Ym{‘©H$ `m Xme©{ZH$ AdYmaUm | h¢. ~«ô‘dmXHo$AÝVJ©V, naÝVw, o g^r AmÝV[aH$ d¡Mm[aH$ g§J{VHo$ de ‘hÎdnyU© hmoZona ^r

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ñd § ~«ô‘dmXHo$ à‘wI m A{dZm^mdr A{^àm`‘| AmYma yV m {Z`V {ZîH$f©ê$nAdYmaUm | Zht h¢.

BZ AmR> dmXm|Ho$ Abmdm ewÕmÛ¡VdmX‘| A{^‘V nXmW©‘r‘m§gm, {OgHo$AÝVJ©V : ~«ô‘H$s 1.ñdê$nH$mo{Q> 2.H$maUH$mo{Q> VWm 3.H$m ©H$mo{Q>, `m| VrZVahH$s H$mo{Q>`m§ n[aJ{UV hþ r h¢. BZ‘|-

(1)gpÀMXmZÝXê$n ~«ô‘Ho$ Y‘©Y{‘©^mdmË‘Zm {d^mOZdegV²={H«$`mepŠV, {MV²=kmZepŠV, VWm C^`{dYepŠV{d{eï>nyUm©ZÝXmË‘H$ Eoíd`©-dr`©-`e-lr-kmZ-d¡am½` Am{X AmZÝXmË‘H$Y‘© VWm AmZÝXmË‘H$ AmH$madmbo ñdê$n, g¥{ï>JV ‘ybVÎdàmpßVHo${d{dY gmYZm|Ho$ ’$bmË‘m na~«ô‘ nwéfmoÎm‘ ñdê$n, brbmg¥{ï>Ho$ AÝVJ©VgX§e yVm OS>g¥{ï>Ho$ {Z`‘ZmW© g‘{ï> AÝV`m©‘r Omo gH$b JwUmdVmam|Ed§ brbmdVmam| H$m AdVmar ~«ô‘mÊS>‘y{V© na‘mË‘m "Zmam`U' H$hbmVmh¡. Bg Zmam`UHo$ A§e^yV {MX§e^yVOrdm|‘| AÝV{d©amO‘mZ Ag§»`ì`{ï> AÝV`m©‘r. CŠV nwéfmoÎm‘H$s Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nV… An[apÀN>ÝZgÎmm VWm MoVZm ê$nr gd©H$maUH$maU yV Aja~«ô‘, Omo AnZo ^rVag¥ï²>çW© H$mb-H$‘©-ñd^mdê$nm epŠVAm|H$mo àñ’w${Q>V H$aZodmbm ñdê$nhmoVm h¡.

(2)Eogo Aja~«ô‘Ho$ ñdê$n‘| go ~«ô‘mÊS>Ho$ àmH$Q²>çgo nyd©H$maUH$mo{Q>V`m àmW{‘H$ {d^mOZ Ûmam {H«$`mepŠV{d{eï> AWm©V² gÎd-aOg²-V‘moJwUm|H$s g‘{ï>ê$nm àH¥${V Am{d y©V hmoVr h¡. Cggo {MÎm Am¡a~w{Õ `m| Xmo ê$nm|‘| àH$Q> hmoVm ‘hV² VÎd. Cggo Ah§H$ma. Ah§H$magonm§M eãX-ñne©-ê$n-ag-JÝY VÝ‘mÌm, ‘Z, nm§M kmZopÝÐ` Am¡anm§M H$‘}pÝÐ`m§. AÝV‘| VÝ‘mÌmAm|Ho$ KZr^mdde àH$Q> hmoVo AmH$me-dm w-VoOg²-Amn²-n¥Ïdr. BVZr H$maUH$mo{Q>`m§ àH$Q> hmoVr h¡.

(3)ì`{ï> VWm g‘{ï> ê$nr H$m ©H$mo{Q> Vmo Ag§» o hmoZogo CZH$mdJuH$aU AZmdí`H$ ‘mZm J`m h¡.

BZH$m gw{deX {Zê$nU gd©{ZU©`, V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYgw~mo{YZr VWmàñWmZaËZmH$a J«ÝWm|‘| hþdm h¡. AV… {deof {Okmgm hmoZona dht BZH$mAdbmoH$Z ghm`H$ hmo gH$Vm h¡. Bg à‘o`~hþb nXmW©ì`dñWm‘| ~«ô‘ Vmo emñÌ¡H$Jå` ewÕmÛ¡V à‘o` h¡.

~«ô‘Ho$ Eogo ñdê$nHo$ ~mao‘| g¡ÕmpÝVH$ Ad~moYmW© lw{V ñ‘¥{V gyÌ nwamU AmJ‘Am{X AZoH$ emñÌm|H$s EH$dmŠ`VmnÝZ dMZamer hr à‘mU ‘mZr J`r h¡. CgemñÌ¡H$Jå` ~«ô‘H$s brbmHo$ ê$n‘| àH$Q> hmoZodmbo AZoH$mZoH$ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$mo bm¡{H$H$ àË`j AZw‘mZ Am{X à‘mUm|go Jå` ‘mZm OmVm hmoZona ^rCZH$m ~«mpô‘H$ ‘ybñdê$n Vmo emñÌ¡H$Jå` hr ‘mZm J`m h¡.

`m| ~«ô‘dmXm{lV ewÕmÛ¡VdoXmÝVHo$ Bg ‘m¡{bH$ ê$nH$mo {ZaI boZoHo$ ~mXA~ dmXmdbrHo$ Bg MVwW© IÊS>‘| àH$mí`‘mZ J«ÝWm|Ho$ gmaHo$ AdbmoH$ZmW©AJ«ga hmoZm AdgamonmÎm hmoJm.

1.lrh[aam`‘hmZw^md{da{MV nÚmË‘H$ ~«ô‘dmX : {df` : g^r Cn{ZfXm|‘| ~«ô‘ Am¡a ànÄM H$m A oX à{Vnm{XV hþdm h¡.

Cg A oXH$m ñdê$n hr `hm§ à{VnmÚ {df` h¡. g§e`-nyd©nj : Bg‘| g§e` `h hmoVm h¡ {H$ h‘mar BpÝÐ`m|go JmoMa

hmoZodmbm ànÄM `{X ~«ô‘ê$n hmo Vmo, ~«ô‘Ho$ AJmoMa hmoZoHo$ H$maU `h ànÄM^r AJmoMa Š`m| Zht ahVm? nyd©njV`m Bgo ~«ô‘go {^ÝZ ^r ‘mZ boZo CÚVhmo Om | V~^r ~«ô‘mÛ¡VHo$ kmZrH$mo `h {XIbm`r XoVm ~ÝX hmoZm Mm{h o Wm.AV… ~«ô‘km{Z`m|Ho$ CXmhaUm|H$m {d‘e© H$aZona CÝh| ànÄM {XIbm`r XoVmhmoZoHo$ à‘mUm|Ho$ AmYmana ànÄMH$mo ~«ô‘go {^ÝZ ^r ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm.AV… ~«ô‘Ho$ gmW Z Vmo A oX Am¡a Z oX hr ñdrH$m © bJVm h¡.

{gÕmÝV : Cn{ZfXm|‘| ~«ô‘ Am¡a ànÄM H$m A oX hr à{Vnm{XV {‘bVmhmoZogo, ànÄM, dñVwV…, O¡gm h¡ d¡gm h‘| {XIbm`r Zht XoVm. h‘mao kmZHo$CnH$aUm| `m gmYZm| Ho$ AkmZgo Amd¥V hmoZoHo$ H$maU, Cg AmdaUHo$ a§J‘| a§Jm{XIbm`r XoVm hmoZogo, h‘mar AZw y{V à‘mU Zht ‘mZr Om gH$Vr. ~«ô‘kmZhmoVo hr ànÄMH$s ~«ô‘ê$nVmH$mo Amd¥V H$aZodmbm AkmZ Xya hmo OmVm hmoZogoCgH$m ~«ô‘mË‘H$ ñdê$n ^r AZw y{VJmoMa ~ZVm h¡. AV… ~«ô‘~moY Z hmoZonagË` ^r AgË`V`m àVrV hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ~«ô‘~moY hmoZona AgË` ^r gË`V`m

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AZw y{VJmoMa ~ZVm hmoZogo g^r Hw$N> ~«ô‘ê$n hmo OmVm h¡. Bg VahH$m ewÕ~«ô‘dmXöX`mê$‹T> hmoZona ‘V‘VmÝVam|‘| H$moB© ^r ‘hmà^wH$m AZw`m`r ^«{‘V Zht hmonmVm.

2.lrh[aam`‘hmZw^md{da{MV JÚmË‘H$ ~«ô‘dmX : {df` : nw{ï>^pŠV‘mJ©‘| ‘mhmËå`kmZnyd©H$ gwÑ‹T> gd©Vmo A{YH$ ñZohH$mo

^pŠVê$n ‘mZm OmVm h¡. AV… Eogr Bg ^pŠV‘| ~«ô‘Ho$ ‘mhmËå`H$m {Zê$nUH$aZodmbo ~«ô‘dmXH$m ñdê$n Š`m-H¡$gm h¡? AZoH$ lw{V`m|‘| EH$‘od A{ÛVr`~«ô‘Ho$ ànÄMê$noU Am{d y©V hmoZoHo$ à{VnmXZde ‘ybV… Vmo ~«ô‘ AÛ`ê$n hrhmoVm h¡. {’$a^r AnZr H«$s‹S>mHo$ A{Yð>mZV`m CgZo ñd § AnZo ^rVago ànÄMàH$Q> {H$`m. gmo Eogm ‘mhmËå` CgH$m OmZZona ànÄM ^JdmZ²Zo ñd^OZmW© hràH$Q> {H$`m h¡, Eogo kmZdmbo nw{ï>OrdH$mo AnZo OrdZHo$ à`moOZV`m ^OZg‘P‘| Am nmVm h¡.

g§e`-nyd©nj : g§e` `hm§ `h C^aVm h¡ {H$ EH$‘od A{ÛVr` ~«ô‘Ho$^rVa H$maU-H$m`© Am¡a ^OZr`-^ŠV `m| Xmo-Xmo ê$nm|H$m A§JrH$ma H$aZonaŠ`m Û¡Vmn{Îm Zht Am oJr? nyd©njV`m `hm§ `h H$hm Om ahm h¡ {H$ Am oJr hrŠ`m|{H$ : 1`{X ~«ô‘ EH$mH$s hmo Vmo ZmZmê$n dmñV{dH$ Zht hmo gH$Vo. 2ànÄMH$mo^JdÐÿn ‘mZZona ‘mojgmYZHo$ CnXoem|‘| àmnpÄMH$ {df`m|Ho$ ho hmoZoH$m CëboIg§JV Zht hmo nmVm. 3ñd § ^JdÐÿn `{X ànÄM hmo Vmo ^JdmZ²Ho$ ~Om` ànÄMHo$^OZ‘| ^r Amn{Îm Zht hmoZr Mm{h o. 4ewÕ~«ô‘dmXHo$ AZwgma Ord ñd § ^r^JdÐÿn hmoZogo Cgo AnZogo A{V[aŠV ^JdÐÿnH$m ^OZ Amdí`H$ Zht hmoZmMm{h o. 5nw{ï>^pŠV‘| ^JdX² OZ nw{ï>Ordê$n ~«ô‘m§eHo$ àH$Q> hmoZoH$m à`moOZhr hmo Vmo Eogr ^OZ¡H$n ©dgm{`Zr gmYZm‘| Hw$N> ^r Xmofê$n ho `m Ë`mÁ` ZhthmoZm Mm{h o. Eogr pñW{V‘| gmYZmMaUHo$ Zm‘na H$aZo-YaZoH$mo Hw$N> r Ad{eï>Zht ah OmVm. 6Xmof{Zd¥{Îmê$n {H$gr ^r àH$maHo$ gmYZm|H$s Cn`mo{JVm `mAmdí`H$Vm na ma XoZona Bg àH$maH$s pŠVH$mo JdËH¥$nmgo {‘bVr "nw{ï> pŠV'H$hZm Ag§JV hmo Om oJm. 7OrdH$mo Vmo A^JdXmË‘H$ A§e ‘mZZona Û¡Vmn{ÎmAm¡a ^JdXmË‘H$ A§e ‘mZZona ^OZH$s {ZaW©H$Vm ^r Jbon{VV hmoVr h¡.8ñd^OZê$nm JdËH«$s‹S>mH$s Jd{XÀN>mHo$ de nw{ï>OrdH$s X¡dr g¥{ï> ñdrH$maZona

nw{ï>^pŠVH$s H$aUê$nVm {ZañV hmo Om oJr. 9Ordm|H$mo ^JdmZ²H$m A§e ‘mZZonaOrdm|‘| X¡dr Am¡a Amgwar {d^mJ ^r AZwnnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡. 10`{X ^JdmZ² ñd §nwéfmoÎm‘ê$n‘| ~ÝYZ `m ‘wpŠV àXmZH$s brbm H$aVo hm| Am¡a Ajaê$noU H$m ©-H$maU ê$nm|H$mo àH$Q> H$aZoH$s brbm ^r H$aVo hm| Vmo CZ‘| àH¥${V `m àmH¥$V{df`m|‘| hr ’§$go ahZodmbo Amgwar Ord hmoVo h¢ Am¡a àH¥${VHo$ ~ÝYZgo ‘wŠV hmoZmMmhZodmbo X¡dr Ord hmoVo h¡, Eogm {d^mJ AZwnnÝZ hmo Om`oJm. àH¥${V ^r^JdmZ² Ûmam YmaU {H$`o J`o AZoH$ ê$nm|‘|go EH$ ê$n hmoZoHo$ H$maU Eogm{d^mOZ CnnÝZ Zht hmo nmVm. 11Amgwar Ordm|H$m b` ^JdmZ²‘| Z ‘mZ H$aàH¥${V‘| hr ‘mZmo V~ ^r àH¥${V ^r Vmo AÝV‘| àb`H$mb‘| ^JdmZ²‘| brZ hmoVrhmoZogo Amgwar Ordm|H$m ^r b` ^JdmZ²‘| ^r ñdrH$maZm hr n‹S>oJm.

{gÕmÝV : 1~«ô‘Ho$ ~mao‘| lw{V‘| `h H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ gpÀMXmZÝXê$nV`mEH$ê$n ~«ô‘Ho$ ^rVa Hw$N> ^r ZmZm ah Zht nmVm. ZmZmËd Vmo ~«ô‘H$mo ZOmZZodmbm|Ho$ AkmZde dhm§ àVrV hmoVm h¡. 2ho monmXo Ho$ oX brbmW© àH$Q>hþdo hmoZogo brbm‘| `Wm{YH$ma {H$gr A{YH$marHo$ {b`o Hw$N> ho` hmoZona ^rànÄMH$s ^JdÐÿnVmH$m ~mY Zht hmoVm. 3kmZ‘mJu` gmYZmAm|Ho$ AÝVJ©VCnmgZm | Omo Cn{Xï> hþ r h¢, CZ‘| Hw$N> CnmXo Vmo AÝ` Hw$N> ho ‘mZm J`mh¡. ~«ô‘kmZ àmßV hmo OmZona {H$gr ^r {df`Ho$ ~mao‘| CgHo$ ho hmoZoH$s ~w{Õ{Q>H$ Zht nmVr. 4OrdmË‘mAm|H$s ^JdÐÿnVm A§eê$noU hr h¡, A§{eê$noU Zht.^OZ A§erH$m H$hm OmVm hmoZogo ^JdX² OZ AZmdí`H$ Zht {gÕ hmo nmVm.5^JdëbrbmHo$ AÝVJ©V nwéfmoÎm‘go AnZo-AmnH$mo {d`wŠV OmZZodmbm|H$monwéfmoÎm‘^OZ‘| AZwn`moJr nXmWm]‘| ho `m Ë`mÁ` ~w{Õ hmoJr hr. 6‘yb‘| Vmo^OZ ^mdê$n hmoZona hr ’$bmË‘H$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡. Cg ^mdH$s AZw y{VHo$ hoVw{H$`m OmVm ^OZ gmYZê$n ^r hmo hr gH$Vm h¡, Ohm§ gmYZm|H$s Cn`mo{JVm ahgH$Vr h¡. `h g~ Hw$N> ^JdËH¥$nmHo$ AZwgma hr {gÕ hmoVm hmoZogo H¥$nmê$n ^r‘mZm OmVm h¡. 7Ord ^JdmZ²H$m ^JdXmË‘H$ A§e h¡. {’$a^r ^JdX² OZmW©^JdmZ²H$mo A^rï> hmo Vmo Cgo nw{ï>Ord ‘mZm OmVm h¡ AÝ`Wm Zht. 8^JdmZ²H$mo{ZO^OZmW© A^rï> Ord hmoZm nw{ï>^ŠVH$m ñdê$n hmoVm h¡ Am¡a nw{ï>^ŠV Ûmam{H$`m OmVm ^OZ gmYZê$n ^r hmoVm hr h¡. 9^JdmZ²Zo {ZObrbmHo$ AÝVJ©V{H$Ýht X¡dr Ordm|H$mo nw{ï>Ord `m ‘`m©XmOrd, Vmo AÝ` {H$Ýht Ordm|H$mo Amgwar

41 42

^r ~Zm`m h¡. AV… brbmW© {d^mJ‘| H$moB© AZwnn{Îm Zht. 10Amgwar Ordm|‘|àmH¥$V {df`m|H$m AmH$f©U à~b aIm J`m h¡. CÝh| JdmZ² AnZo nwéfmoÎm‘ê$nÛmamAmH¥$ï> H$aZoHo$ ~Om` AnZo àH¥${Vê$nÛmam AmH¥$ï> aIVo h¢. AV… Amgwar Ordm|H$mdht nam`U hmoZm d¡gr ^Jd{XÀN>mHo$ H$maU hmoVm h¡. 11~ÝY-‘mojàXmZH$sbrbm nwéfmoÎm‘ê$noU ~«ô‘ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a g¥{ï>-àb`H$s brbm Aja~«ô‘ê$noU.C^`{dY brbmAm|Ho$ MH«$dV² gd©Xm MbVo ahZogo C^`{dY Ordm|H$m hmoZm H$moB©Amn{ÎmOZH$ ~mV Zht ‘mZr OmVr. AV… Amgwar Ordm|H$m àH¥${V‘| Amdo{ï>VahVo hþdo ~«ô‘‘| brZ hmoZm ~«ô‘Ho$ AÛ¡V^mdH$mo hm{Z Zht nhþ§MmVm.

3.lrH$ë`mUam`mË‘O-lrJmonoída{da{MVm dmXH$Wm : {df` : gdm}Îm‘ñVmoÌHo$ ‘§JbmMaU‘| {ZJ‘à{VnmÚ ewÕ gmH$ma ~«ô‘‘|

àH¥${Vgo àmXw y©V hmoZodmbo H$moB© àmH¥$V JwUY‘© Z hmoZona ^r ~«ô‘ AnZo AàmH¥$VJwUY‘m]ê$n hmoVm h¡Eogm à{VnmXZ {H$`m J`m h¡. Bgo `hm§ {dMm`©{df`V`màñVwV {H$`m J`m h¡.

g§e`-nyd©nj : ~«ô‘H$m Eogo VahH$m {Zê$nU CnnÝZ h¡ `m Zht? Eogog§e`Ho$ C^aZona nyd©njV`m `h Amn{Îm CR>m`r OmVr h¡ {H$ ~«ô‘ Vmo ñd §AàmH¥$V hmoZogo àmH¥$V JwUY‘© Cg‘| A{dÚmde hr hmo gH$Vo h¢. Bgr VahAàmH¥$V JwUY‘©ê$n ~«ô‘H$mo ‘mZZm hmo Vmo CÝh| ~«ô‘go {^ÝZ ‘mZZo m A{^ÝZ?{^ÝZ ‘mZZona Cg oXH$mo JwUY‘©ñdê$n ‘mZZm, AÝ`moÝ`m^mdê$n ‘mZZm, d¡Yå ©ê$n‘mZZm AWdm AÝ` Hw$N>? {ZJ‘m|‘| AZm{dÚH$ ewÕ ~«ô‘H$mo AmH$maa{hV ‘mZH$a Am{dÚH$ `m CnmgZmW© H$pënV ~«ô‘H$mo gmH$ma `m gdm©H$ma ‘mZm J`m h¡.

{gÕmÝV : gXgX²{dbjUê$nm ànÄMn[aUm‘H$s CnmXmZ yVm A{dÚm Vmo~«ô‘H$s epŠVê$nm Z hmo H$maUËdHo$ AÜ`mamonUmW© Cnm{Y hmoVr h¡. Eogr VmoA{dÚm ‘mÝ` Z hm oZ ona ^r ~ «ô‘ ñd` § O ‹S >OrdmË‘H$ ànÄMH o $A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZH$maUV`m ‘mÝ` h¡, AV… àH¥${V ñd § ~«ô‘mpË‘H$m ‘mZrOmVr h¡. ~«ô‘, AnZr A§{eê$nm g‘J«Vm‘|, àmH¥$V JwUY‘m]H$m Aml` gmjmV²Zht hmoVm naÝVw àH¥$Ë wnmXmZV`m A§emË‘Zm hr. ~«ô‘Ho$ Vmo AÝ` ^r Eogo AZoH$ê$n hmoVo h¢ Ohm§ àH¥${VOÝ` JwUY‘m]Ho$ Aml`V`m Cgo ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm.

AV… {ZJ‘à{VnmÚ ewÕ ~«ô‘ hr {déÕY‘m©l` hmoZoHo$ H$maU {ZamH$manwéfmoÎm‘mH$ma gdm©H$ma VWm ^ŠVm{XOZ-^m{dVmH$ma ^r hmoVm h¡.

4.lr{J[aYa{da{MVmo {dJ«hdmX… : {df` : àñVwV dmX‘| `mJm{X H$‘m]‘| gåàXmZr yV XodVm ‘ÝÌmË‘H$ hmoVo

h¢ `m {dJ«hdmZ² hmoVo h¢, Bg {df`na {dMma {H$`m J`m h¡. g§e`-nyd©nj : g§e` `hm§ Bg Vah C^aVm h¡ {H$ XodVmAm|H$mo {dJ«hdmZ²

‘mZZona ‘Ü`‘ n[a‘mUdmbo ‘mZZo n‹S>|Jo. Eogr pñW{V‘| EH$ H$mb‘| AZw{ð>V Xmog‘mZH$‘m]Ho$ AÝVJ©V g‘mZ XodVm AmhÿV hmoZona Amhÿ{VJ«hUmW© H¡$go g‘W© hmonm |Jo? AVEd nyd©njV`m XodVmAm|H$m ñdê$n ‘ÝÌmË‘H$ hr ‘mZZm C{MV h¡.`{X gpÀMXmZÝXê$n ~«ô‘Ho$ {MX§eV`m {dJ«hdÎmm ‘mZZr hmo Vmo à{V{~å~dmXAWdm Am^mgdmX Ho$ AZwgma ‘m`m‘| ~«ô‘Ho$ {H$gr {deof àH$maHo$ {MËà{V{~å~`m {MXm^mg H$mo {dJ«hdmZ² XodVm ‘mZ boZm C{MV hmoJm, ~«ô‘H$s A{ÛVr`VmHo$AZwamoYde.

{gÕmÝV : ~«ô‘Ho$ gpÀMXmZÝXê$nV`m A{ÛVr` hmoZona r AnZo ~hþ dZHo$Aà{VhV g§H$ën VWm gm‘Ï © Ho$ de dh AZoH${dY {dJ«hdmZ² XodVmAm|Ho$ ê$n^r YmaU H$aVm h¡. AV… g^r `k`mJm{X H$‘m]‘| Xr OmVr Amhÿ{VH$m ^moŠVmñd § ~«ô‘ hr hmoVm h¡.

5.lr{J[aYa{da{MVmo ànÄMdmX… : {df` : àñVwV dmX‘| ànÄMHo$ ~«ô‘mË‘H$ hmoZogo Omo àË`j{déÕ {ZË`Vm

ñdrH$maZr n‹S>Vr h¡ Cgo H¡$go CnnÝZ H$aZm `h à{Vnm{XV {H$`m J`m h¡. g§e`-nyd©nj : g§e` `hm§ Bg VahH$m C^aVm h¡ {H$ ~«ô‘H$mo `{X

Cn{ZfX²‘| "EH$‘odm{ÛVr`' ‘mZm J`m hmo Vmo Cg ~«ô‘go A{V[aŠV Hw$N> ^r `mVmo hmoZm hr Zht Mm{h`o AWdm Vmo AkmZ `m ^«mpÝV Ho$ de H$pënV hmoZmMm{h o. AVEd nyd©njV`m Bg ~mVna {deof ^ma {X`m J`m h¡ {H$ ànÄMH$mÌ¡H$m{bH$ A^md hmoVm h¡. Eogo A^mddmbo ànÄMH$m Am^mg A{dÚmde hmoVmh¡. AV… A{dH$mar ~«ô‘Ho$ A{Yð>mZna {dH$maerb ànÄMH$mo à‘mê$n Z ‘mZH$a «‘ê$n ñdrH$maZm hr C{MV h¡.

43 44

{gÕmÝV : {gÕmÝVrH$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ Cn{ZfXm|‘| Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©Ë‘H$ànÄMH$m ~«ô‘‘|go hr Am{d^m©d AZoH$Ì {Zê${nV hmoZogo Cgo ~«ô‘mË‘H$ hr‘mZZm C{MV h¡. AV… Ñí`‘mZ ànÄMHo$ àmJ^md àÜd§gm^md Am¡a AÝ`moÝ`m^mdhr O~ {gÕ Zht hmoVo Vmo AË`ÝVm^mdH$s H$Wm Vmo XyamnmñV hr h¡. A{dÚm‘|goànÄMH$m àmH$Q²>ç lw{V‘| Zht ‘mZm J`m h¡. ~«ô‘Ho$ AmZÝX‘| go CËnÝZ hmo H$a,AmZÝX‘| pñWV ahVm Am¡a AmZÝX‘| brZ hmoZodmbm h¡, Eogm {Zê${nV hþdm h¡.AV… A{dH$mar ~«ô‘‘| {dH$mar ànÄMH$s àVr{V «mpÝVê$nm Zht brbmê$nm hr‘mZZr Mm{h o.

6.lraKwZmWmË‘Olrd«OZmW{da{MVmo ~«ô‘dmX… : {df` : dmXH$WmH$s Vah hr Bg dmX‘| ^r gdm}Îm‘ñVmoÌHo$ ‘§JbmMaUH$s

nXmdbrHo$ AmYmana ~«ô‘ àmH¥$V {deofm|go eyÝ` VWm AàmH¥$V {deofdX² h¡,Eogm Cn{ZfXm|Ho$ AmYmana à{VnmXZ {H$`m h¡ ({df`{ddoMZ‘| nmW©Š`Ho$ ~mdOyXg§e` nyd©nj {gÕmÝV bJ^J Cgr VahHo$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU nwZamd¥{Îm Zht H$sOmVr h¡).

7.lr{dÆ>bam`mË‘Olrdëb^H¥$V… ànÄMg§gma^oXdmX… : {df` : àñVwV dmX‘| Bg {df`H$s MMm© H$s J`r h¡ {H$ nañna n`m© dmMH$V`m

à wŠV "ànÄM' Am¡a "g§gma' EH$ hr AW©Ho$ dmMH$ h¢ `m {d{^ÝZ AWm]Ho$. g§e`-nyd©nj : Eogm g§e` C^aZona nyd©njV`m `h H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$

ànÄMH$mo gË` Am¡a g§gmaH$mo AgË` ‘mZ H$a XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM à oX H$aZm C{MVZht. AV… ànÄMH$s Vah g§gmaH$m ^r Am{d^m©d-{Vamo md hr ñdrH$ma boZmMm{h`o.

{gÕmÝV : g§gma ~«ô‘Ho$ gX§e `m {MX§e ê$n H$mo CnmXmZ ~Zm H$a àH$Q>Zht hmoVm àË`wV BZ A{Yð>mZm|na ^m{gV hmoVm h¡, AV… ^JdÀN>pŠVê$nmA{dÚm Ûmam ~w{Õ‘| àH$Q> {H$`m J`m ì`m‘moh h¡. dh Vmo gË` {df`Ho$ AmÀN>mXZHo$~mX AmÀN>m{XV A{Yð>mZgo AÝ` {df`H$s AgË`{df`VmHo$ ê$n‘| K{Q>V h¡.AV… {MX§em|‘| AhÝVm-‘‘Vmê$nm {‘Ï`m{df`VmH$s àVr{V hmoZo bJVr h¡. Bgr

Vah gX§em|‘| CËn{Îm-Zmeê$nm A~«mpô‘H$VmH$s àVr{V CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡. Am{d^m©d-{Vamo md Vmo Ohm§ gpÀMXmZÝX ~«ô‘Ho$ gX§e {MX§e `m AmZÝXm§e ‘|go {H$gr‘|Zm‘mÝVaU ê$nmÝVaU m H$‘m©ÝVaU H$s dmñV{dH$ AZw y{V hmoVr hmo dht ñdrH$maoJ o h¢.

8.lrJmoHw$bZmWmË‘O{dÆ>bam`{da{MV§ ~«ô‘-Ord-VX¡Š`-ñdê$n- {Zê$nU‘² :

{df` : àñVwV H$m[aH$mË‘H$ J«ÝW VrZ {df`m|Ho$ à{VnmXZmW© h¡ :1.~«ô‘ñdê$n 2.Ordñdê$n 3.~«ô‘Ord¡Š`ñdê$n. Bg bKwH$m` J«ÝW‘| {df`g§e` nydm}Îmanjm|H$s e¡brH$m àH$Q>ê$noU {Zdm©h Zht {H$`m J`m h¡. AV… CZA§Jm|H$m gmamZwdmX XoZm ^r Amdí`H$ Zht bJVm.

9 . J m o ñ d m { ‘ l r n w é f m o Î m ‘ m Ý V o d m { g l r V w b O m a m ‘ H ¥ $ V §{déÕY‘m©l`Ëd{ddoMZ‘² :

{df` : àñVwV dmX‘| ~«ô‘Ho$ {déÕY‘m©l`VmH$s lw{VdMZm|Ho$ AmYmanaCnn{Îm VWm VX²{df`H$ e§H$m-g‘mYmZ {H$ o J o h¢.

g§e`-nyd©nj : ~«ô‘H$s {déÕY‘m©l`VmHo$ ~mao‘| `h g§e` hmoVm h¡ {H$bm¡{H$H$ Y‘m]go a{hV Am¡a Abm¡{H$H$Y‘©ê$n O~ ~«ô‘H$mo ‘mZ {b`m J`m h¡,Vmo {damoYr JwUY‘m]go a{hV r Cgo ‘mZ boZoHo$ ~am~a h¡, AV… {déÕY‘m©l`VmH$màg§J hr H¡$go gmoMm Om gH$Vm h¡? `hm§ nyd©njV`m `h H$hm Om ahm h¡ {H$~«ô‘H$mo {Z{d©eof ‘mZ boZogo H$m‘ Mb OmVm hmo Vmo Cgo {ZaW©H$ {déÕY‘m©l`‘mZZoH$s pŠbï>H$ënZm Š`m| H$aZr Mm{h o? AV… {Z{d©eofdmX hr CnnÝZ bJVmh¡.

{gÕmÝV : `h H$hm J`m {H$ ~«ô‘H$s {Z{d©eofVm Vmo V~ {gÕ hmo nm oJrO~ Y‘©gm‘mÝ`H$m dhm§ {ZfoY hmo. lw{VAm|‘| bm¡{H$H$ JwUY‘m]Ho$ {ZfoYnyd©H$AZoH$mZoH$ OJËH$V¥©Ëdm{X AÝV`m©{‘Ëd ’$bXmV¥Ëd Am{X Abm¡{H$H$ JwUY‘© ^rVmo Cn{Xï> hþdo hr h¢. {déÕY‘m]H$m Aml` O~ ~«ô‘H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡ V~ CZJwUY‘m]H$m ~«ô‘‘| Vmo dñVwV… {damoY Z hmoZona r ~«ô‘oVa nXmWm]‘| Eogo JwUY‘m]H$snañna {damo{YVm {XIbm`r XoVr h¡. AV… Bgr AW©‘| ~«ô‘JwUm|H$mo nañna {damoYr

45 46

‘mZm J`m h¡. Cn{ZfXm|Ho$ AZwgma Vmo Ho$db ~«ô‘ hr Zht A{nVw ~«ô‘Ho$gmjmËH$mago gånÝZ A{YH$mar‘| ^r {déÕY‘m©l`Vm àH$Q> hmoZo bJVr h¡.BgHo$ A{V[aŠV g^r nXmWm]‘| gd©ê$n ~«ô‘H$mo ‘mZZona ‘ybñdê$n AmdoemdVmaA§emdVma {d^y{Vê$n Am{X ^JdÐÿnm|H$m à^oX ^r {déÕY‘m©l`VmHo$ {d{dYàH$mam|‘| n[aJ{UV {H$`m OmZm Mm{h o.

10.lrJmoHw$bmoËgdmË‘OlrJmonoída{da{MV… AmË‘dmX… : {df` : àñVwV dmX‘| ~«ô‘ àË`jm{X à‘mUm|go AJå` VWm ñdV…à‘mUê$nm

lw{Vê$n à‘mUgo hr Jå` h¡, Bg {df`H$m à{VnmXZ {H$`m J`m h¡.

g§e`-nyd©nj : Bg {df`‘| g§e`H$s H$mo{Q> `m| h¡ : OJËH$maUV`mn[a^m{fV ~«ô‘H$mo OJÐÿnr H$m ©Ho$ H$Vm© hmoZoHo$ AZw‘mZm|Ho$ AmYmana r ñdrH$maZo‘|Š`m Amn{Îm h¡? nyd©njV`m AZoH$ AZw‘mZ àñVwV {H$ o J o h¢. `Wm {j{V-A§Hw$a Am{X {H$gr H$Vm©go CËnÝZ hmoZo Mm{h o, H$m © hmoZoHo$ H$maU K‹S>oH$s Vah.gJ©Ho$ Am{XH$mb‘| Xmo AUwAm|Ho$ Ow‹S>ZoH$s {H«$`m {H$gr Z {H$grHo$ à`ËZHo$H$maU hþB© hmoZr Mm{h o, O¡go h‘mao eara‘| CËnÝZ hmoVr {H«$`m h‘mao d¡go à`ËZHo$H$maU CËnÝZ hmoVr h¢. ~«ô‘mÊS>‘| Jwé yV {nÊS> n‹S>ZoHo$ ~Om` {Q>Ho$ ahVo h¢, dh{H$grHo$ amoHo$ aIZoHo$ à`ËZde hr eŠ` hmo gH$Vm h¡, O¡go n{jJU AnZo-AmnH$mo AmH$me‘| AnZo à`ËZÛmam {JaZo Zht XoVo. ~«ô‘mÊS> Am{XH$m {dZme^r {H$grHo$ à`ËZHo$ de hmoVm hmoZm Mm{h o, O¡go ’$m‹S>o OmZona H$n‹S>m ’$Q> OmVmh¡ d¡go. BË`m{X AZoH$ AZw‘mZHo$ àH$ma àñVwV {H$ o J o h¡.

{gÕmÝV : {gÕmÝVê$noU `h H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ bm¡{H$H$ H$m`m]Ho$ H$Vm©Ho${Z`‘Ho$ CXmhaUHo$ ~bna ~«ô‘H$m H$V©¥Ëd ñdrH$maZona, Cgo earadmZ² r ‘mZZonahr gå^d hmoJm, Š`m|{H$ bmoH$‘| earaa{hV H$moB© H$Vm© hmoVm Zht. gmW hr gmWVH$m©Zw{‘V B©ídaH$mo earadmZ² ‘mZZona eara-eararHo$ oX m A oX ê$nr gå~ÝYm|H$m^r {dMma àgŠV hmoJm. gm§»`‘VHo$ AZwgma `h Amn{Îm ^r {XIbm`r J`r h¡{H$ bm¡{H$H$ KQ>m{X H$m`m]Ho$ H$Vm©H$s Vah B©ídaHo$ H$Vm© hmoZoH$m AZw‘mZ H$aZona,bm¡{H$H$ H$Vm©H$s Vah B©ída‘| ^r amJ Am{X JwU ‘mZZo n‹S>|Jo. {j{V Am{XH$mogmd`d hmoZoHo$ H$maU H$m`©ê$n ‘mZZm ^r g§Xohgo nao Zht. {j{V Am{XHo$,

Š`m|{H$, CnmXmZH$maU AdJV Zht hmo nmVo. ~‹S>o-~‹S>o {demb {Z‘m©Um|‘| AZoH$H$Vm©Am|H$s Anojm ahVr hr h¡, Eogo hr B©ídaHo$ ~mao‘| gmoMo OmZona Vmo B©ída ^rAZoH$ ñdrH$maZo n‹S>|Jo. AV… lwË`oH$Jå` à‘o` ~«ô‘Ho$ ~mao‘| AZw‘mZ Am{Xà‘mUm|H$m Cn`moJ eŠ` Zht.

*dmXmdbrn[a{eï>m{Z*

1.lrJmoHw$bZmWmË‘OlrXr{jV{da{MV§ àíZmoÎmagmhòrn`m©bmoMZ‘²:

{df` : Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmX doXmÝVHo$ {dMmaUm‘| ñd § {ZaV VWm EVXW© AÝ`m|H$mo^r {ZaÝVa ào[aV H$aVo ahZodmbo na‘mXaUr` lrAZÝVH¥$îU emñÌrOr, Jmoñdm‘rlrXr{jVOr (àñVwV gånmXH$Ho$ {nV¥MaU) Ho$ em§H$adoXmÝVHo$ {dÚmJwé Wo Am¡aO~ ^r d¡îUd‘VH$s AmbmoMZm H$aZoH$mo H$moB© J«ÝW {bIVo Vmo àH$meZmW©Am{W©H$ gh`moJ VWm àË wÎma {bI H$a {XImZoH$m ñZohmZwamoY ^r H$aVo AV…{dÚmJwéH$s AmkmHo$ de {eî`Ûmam {bIm J`m `h AmbmoMZmË‘H$ J«ÝW h¡.na‘mXaUr` emñÌrOrZo d¡go Vmo em§H$a ^mî`na hOma àíZ CX² m{dV H$a CZHo$hOma àË wÎma ^r {X o h¢. àñVwV boIZ‘|, naÝVw, XmoZm| Jwé{eî`m|Ho$ ~rM Omo‘m¡pIH$ MMm© hþ r, Cg‘|go {OVZr ~mX‘| H$^r {nV¥MaUZo boI~Õ H$s, CVZrhr `hm§ àH$m{eV hmo ahr h¡.

`hm§ J«ÝWmaå^‘| ‘m`mdmX àÀN>ÝZ~m¡Õ {gÕmÝV h¡ {H$ Zht Cg ~mao‘|lremñÌrHo$ 1000d| àíZmoÎmaH$m n`m©bmoMZ h¡. {ÛVr` 29d| àíZmo.n`m©.‘| {ZY©‘©H$M¡VÝ`Ho$ ~mao‘| AÜ`mg^mî`JV ""AÝ`moÝ`Y‘m©Z² M'' nXmdbrHo$ Am¡{MË`H$sMMm© H$s J`r h¡. V¥Vr` 148d| àíZmo.n`m©.‘| Bg {df`H$mo N>o‹S>m J`m h¡ {H$~«ô‘Ho$ ~mao‘| Cn{ZfX²Ho$ Abmdm AÝ` r à‘mUm|H$m àga ‘mZZona Cgo "Am¡n{ZfX'‘mZZm C{MV hmoJm `m AZw{MV. MVwW© 200d| àíZmo.n`m©.‘| `h MMm© hþ r h¡{H$ gm§»`‘Vr` àH¥${VH$s CnmXmZVmH$m àË`m»`mZ H$aZoHo$ ~mX Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmX‘|nwZ… ‘m`mH$mo CnmXmZV`m àñVwV H$aZm H$hm§ VH$ C{MV `m AZw{MV h¡. n§M‘266 d| àíZmo.n`m©.‘| {Og lw{V‘| OJËH$maU‘| g§{Zð>H$mo ‘wpŠVbm^H$m A{YH$marhmoZm H$hm J`m dhm§ OJV²H$mo ‘m`monmXmZH$ ‘mZZodmbm|Ho$ ‘V‘| Cg lw{VH$s H¡$gog§J{V ~¡R> nm oJr? fð> 290d| àíZmo.n`m©.‘| H$maU{dkmZgo g^r H$m © yVm|H$m

47 48

{dkmZ à{VnmXZ H$aZodmbr lw{VH$s em§H$a doXmÝV‘| g§J{V-{dg§J{VH$s MMm©H$s J`r h¡. gßV‘ 548d| àíZmo.n`m©.‘| ~«ô‘Ho$ AÝV`m©{‘ñdê$nH$mo gJwU‘mZZona CgHo$ kmZgo gd©kmZ ‘mÝ` hmo nm oJm {H$ Zht Bg {df`H$s MMm© hþ rh¡. Aï>‘ 549d| àíZmo.n`m©.‘| ~«ô‘H$mo {Z{d©eof ‘mZZona ""AÝV`m©‘r A{YX¡dm{XfwVÕ‘©ì`nXoemV²'' (~«.gy.1&2&18) ~«ô‘gyÌH$s Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmX‘| g§J{V-{dg§J{V{dMmar J`r h¢. Zd‘ 585-6 g§»`mH$ àíZmo.n`m©.‘| " y‘m'nwéfH$s AdYmaUmHo$dbmÛ¡V‘| H$hm§ VH$ g§JV `m {dg§JV h¡ `h {dMmam J`m h¡. Xe‘ 776d|àíZmo.n`m©.‘| ""àH¥${VíM à{VkmÑï>mÝVmZwnamoYmV²'' (~«.gy.1&4&23) ~«ô‘gyÌHo$em§H$a^mî`r` CnnmXZH$s `wŠVVm/A`wŠVVmHo$ ~mao‘| MMm© hþ`r h¡. ½`mahd|777d| àíZmo.n`m©.‘| A{dÚmH$mo hr Ho$db H$maUV`m ‘mÝ` aIZodmbo H$ën‘|~«ô‘H$s CnmXmZVmH$s g§J{V-Ag§J{VHo$ ~mao‘| MMm© hþ`r h¡. ~mahd| 779d|àíZmo.n`m©.‘| ~«ô‘H$mo {ddV©ê$n ànÄMHo$ CnmXmZV`m ñdrH$maZogo nyd© ñd`§{ddVm}nmXmZVm CnnÎ`h© AdYmaUm h¡ {H$ Zht Bg gÝX ©‘| MMm© H$s J`r h¡.AÝV‘| Voahd| 916do àíZmo.n`m©.‘| {Z{d©eof ~«ô‘H$s {OkmgmÛmam AmaãY ‘r‘m§gmH$m""gd©Y‘m}nnÎmo… M'' (~«.gy.2&1&37) gyÌV`m Cng§hma Ho$dbmÛ¡V‘| {H$VZmwpŠV wŠV `m A wŠV h¡ Bg ~mao‘| {dMma {H$`m J`m h¡.

2.lrXr{jVmË‘Oí`m‘‘Zm oha{da{MV§ àíZm oÎmagmhòrM{M©V§àH¥$Ë`{YH$aUg‘mbmoMZ‘² :

{df` : àíZmoÎmagmhòrH$ma na‘mXaUr` lrAZÝVH¥$îU emñÌrOr, ‘oao{H$emoamdñWmH$s ~mV h¡, EH$ {XZ ghgm {nV¥MaUgo {‘bZo h‘mao Ka Am o.{nV¥MaU V~ H$ht Kago ~mha J o hþdo Wo. gmo ‘wPo lremñÌrHo$ nmg ~¡R>Zm n‹S>m.n‹T>mB©Ho$ Zm‘na {nV¥MaUHo$ àdMZm|‘| ~¡R> H$a Omo Hw$N> gwZm Wm gmo gwZm Wm,CgHo$ Abmdm doXmÝVHo$ {H$gr J«ÝWH$mo ì`dpñWV ê$n‘| n‹T> nmZoH$m H$moB© H$m ©H«$‘~Z Zht nm`m Wm. AnZo ^r{V Am¡a g§H$moM H$mo Vmo‹S>Zo ^aHo$ hoVwgo ‘¢ emñÌrOrgonyN> ~¡R>m ""AmnZo am‘mZwO-‘mÜd ‘Vm|H$s AmbmoMZm H$aZoH$mo O¡go J«ÝW {bIoh¢ d¡go dmëb^ ‘VH$s AmbmoMZmHo$ ê$n‘| H$moB© J«ÝW Š`m| Zht {bIm?'' Am¡aemñÌOrZo ‘wPo Amkm Xr {H$ dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ ~mao‘| ‘¢Zo Omo Hw$N> grIm-n‹T>mhmo, ~mob H$a gwZmD$§ Vmo do A^r hr AmbmoMZm gwZmZm ngÝX H$a|Jo. ‘¢ VmogH$nH$m J`m Am¡a Bg ~mVH$mo gwZ H$a ‘oar ~w{Õ Vmo Kmg MaZo hr H$ht Mbr

J`r {’$a^r S>aVo-S>aVo Z OmZo Š`m CZgo nyN>m ~¡R>m Omo A~ ~am~a `mX ZhtAmVm Am¡a Z OmZo Š`m CgH$s g‘mbmoMZm g‘mXaUr` emñÌrOrZo AmYo nm¡Zo K§Q>oVH$ Ymamàdmh ‘wPo gwZm`r. dh Vmo Z V~ ~am~a g‘P nm`m Am¡a Z A~ `mXhr ah J`m hm§ BVZm Adí` `mX h¡ {nV¥MaUHo$ Ka bm¡Q> AmZona emñÌrOrZo‘oaona Iwe hmo H$a {nV¥MaUH$mo H$hm ""Vwåhmao nwÌH$mo ‘oao nmg n‹T>Zo oOmo. ‘¢ BgoVwåhmao O¡gm ~ZmD$§Jm. emñÌMMm© H¡$go H$aZr {gImD$§Jm'' o ‘oao ~‹S>o Xw m©½` aho{H$ ‘¢ CZHo$ nmg AÜ``ZmW© Om Zht nm`m

{’$a^r CZH$s emñÌMMm©H$s Amkm {H$emoamdñWm‘| AÜ``Zm^mdde nmbZhmo Zht nm`r. CgHo$ AZwnmbZmW© gZ² AñgrHo$ XeH$‘| H$^r {nV¥MaUHo$"àíZmoÎmagmhòrn`m©bmoMZ' H$s Vah ‘wPo ^r Hw$N> {bI XoZoH$s àoaUm hþ r. d¡goVrZoH$ A{YH$aUm|H$s AmbmoMZm Cg g‘` {bIr Wr. do a’²$ ZmoQ²>g² Z OmZo H$hm§Imo J`r ’o$Aa² H$s hþB© BVZr hr ~Mr ahr gmo àH$m{eV H$a ahm hþ§. CZ na‘JwéHo$à{V AnZr H¥$VkVmnyU© lÕm§O{bHo$ ê$n‘|. `hr Vmo CZH$m ‘wPo göX` AmXoeWm

Bg boIZ‘| ‘¢Zo ewÕmÛ¡V ~«ô‘dmXHo$ àmUmon‘ {gÕmÝV ~«ô‘Ho$A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZH$maUVmdmX‘| ~mYH$ ~ZVo na‘mXaUr` lremñÌrOrHo$àíZmoÎmagmhòrJV à‘wI g‘mYmZm|H$m ewÕmÛ¡VdmXH$s Ñ{ï>go g‘mbmoMZ {H$`mh¡. eof ñd § J«ÝW‘| hr AdbmoH$Zr` OmZZm Mm{h o.

3 . l r X r { j V m Ë ‘ O í ` m ‘ ‘ Z m o h a { d a { M V …Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXm{^‘Vm{dÚmñdê$n{d‘e©… :

{df` : h boI ‘oao {dÚmJwé lrY‘©Xod OoQ>brOrHo$ nmg O~ ‘¢ gZ² gmR>Ho$XeH$Ho$ nydm©Y©‘| "{gÕmÝV{~ÝXw', "{gÕmÝVboeg§J«h', "{ddaUà‘o`g§J«h',"IÊS>ZIÊS>ImÚ' Am¡a "{MËgwIr' n‹T>Zo OmVm Wm V~ {bIm Wm. OoQ>brOr ‘wPonwÌm{YH$dmËgë`de Zì`Ý`m` n‹T>mZm hr A{YH$ MmhVo Wo naÝVw ‘oar Aëngm‘Ï ©Am¡a Aëné{M Ho$ de ‘¢ VXW© CÚV hmo Zht nm`m. AVEd lrY‘©XodOr ‘wPoCZH$m Aën~w{Õdmbm {eî` g‘PVo Wo gmo AÜ`mnZH$mb‘| ‘oao ‘Z‘| C^aVog§e`H$mo CZHo$ gm‘Zo àñVwV H$aZoH$m gmhg H$^r OwQ>m Zht nm`m. Am¡a `m| ‘oaog§e`m|H$mo {bI-{bI H$a gåhmb aIVm Wm, {H$grHo$ nmg g‘mYmZ OmZ

49 50

nmZoH$mo. AÜ`mnZHo$ ~mX CÝh| gåhmbo aIZo {H$ ’$m‹S> H$a ’|$H$ XoZo `mo½` h¢, `hOmZZoH$mo EH$ {XZ ‘¢Zo ‘oao H$mì`-ì`mH$aU-VH©$g§J«hHo$ AÜ`mnH$ h‘mao `hm§{nV¥MaUHo$ ~më`H$mbgo {Zdmg H$aZodmbo Am¡a ""~mdm Ý`m` Zht n‹T>moJo Vmo{df`Ho$ gmW AÝ`m` hr H$amoJo''H$s gVV àoaUm XoVo ahZodmbo g‘mXaUr`lrH¥$îU‘mYd Pm npÊS>VOrH$mo {XIm`m Wm. CÝhmoZo Bgo ngÝX H$a H$ht-H$htì`mH$aUmew{Õ ^r Xya H$s Wr. gmo A^r VH$ `h boIZ g§ bm ahm Am¡a Cgo`hm§ àH$m{eV H$a ahm hþ§. Bg {Z~ÝY‘| CnH«$‘mong§hmaHo$ íbmoH$m|Ho$ Abmdmgmam boIZ V^rH$m h¡.

Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmX‘| A{dÚmHo$ ~mao‘| {‘bVo à{VnmXZm|Ho$ ~mao‘| ‘oao {dÚm{W©‘Z‘|C^ar o AZwnn{Îm`m§ Wr. {H$gr ^r wŠVm wŠVVmHo$ {ddoH$Ho$ {~Zm A{dH$bV`mCÝh| `hm§ n[a{eï>Ho$ àH$m{eV H$aZo‘| {H$gr VahHo$ gå^m{dV AZm¡{MË`H$s{dÛÁOZm|go j‘m`mMZmHo$ gmW.

4.lrXr{jVmË‘Oí`m‘‘Zmoha{da{MVmo AjanwéfmoÎm‘Û¡V{ZamgdmX…:

{df` : lrñdm{‘Zmam`UgåàXm`H o $ Ah‘Xm~mX‘ | Am`m o {OV{ÛeVmpãX‘hmoËgdHo$ AÝVJ©V {dMmaJmoð>r‘| àm.lra‘oe XdoZo ‘wPo AVrdñZohmJ«hnyd©H$ Am‘§{ÌV {H$`m Wm. dhm§ MMm©gÌ‘| CZHo$ gmW JhZ MMm© ‘§Mnahþ r Wr. ~mX‘| ‘w§~B© bmoQ>Vo g‘` {d‘mZ‘| ~¡R>o-~¡R>o ^rVa {ZaÝVa MMm© ‘Z‘|Jy§OVr ahr, gmo ‘¢Zo Cgo íbmoH$~Õ H$a Xr. ~rg-Vrg íbmoH$ Vmo {d‘mZ`mÌm‘|hr ~Z J o Wo. ~mH$sHo$ ~mX‘| `hm§ nhþ§MZona {bIo J o. n‹S>o-n‹S>o o ^r H$htZï> Z hmo Om | EVXW© ‘w{ÐV H$a Xo ahm hþ§.

dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| na~«ô‘ Am¡a Aja~«ô‘ Ho$ ~rM ê$nmÝVa Zm‘mÝVa Am¡a{H«$`mH$bmnmÝVa H$m à oX ‘mÝ` hmoZona ^r XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM nañna A{dpÀN>ÝZV`mAdpñWV hmoZoH$m VÎd¡Š` hr ‘mZm J`m h¡. O~{H$ lrñdm{‘Zmam`U gåàXm`Ho${ejmnÌr Am¡a dMZm‘¥V Zm‘H$ J«ÝWm|‘| ‘ybV… gmYZmàUmbr‘| dmëb^ {gÕmÝVAm¡a VÎdemñÌr` {MÝVZ‘| am‘mZwOr` ‘VH$mo ‘mÝ` aIm J`m Wm. ~mX‘| naÝVwBg gåàXm`H$s AmYw{ZH$ emImAm|‘| BÝh| AñdrH$ma H$a {X`m. am‘mZwOr`

VÎdÌ`rHo$ ñWmZna VÎdn§MH$ àñVm{dV {H$ o J o h¢. VXZwgma nwéfmoÎm‘ AjaB©ída Ord Am¡a ‘m`m ê$nr VÎdn§MH$‘| ^r Zì`{d{eï>mÛ¡V Am¡a AZoH${dYAjam|H$s AdYmaUm àñVwV hþ r h¢. o Z Vmo am‘mZwOr` h¢ Am¡a Z dmëb^r`AdYmaUm hr. BZH$m d¡bjÊ` {Z{d©dmX hmoZona ^r AmÝV[aH$ g§J{V {dMmaUr`bJVr h¡. AV… BgrHo$ Am¡{MË`mZm¡{MË`H$m `hm§ {dMma {H$`m J`m h¡.

gd©Wm Cg MMm©‘| nyd©njV`m AnZo ‘VH$s àñVw{V {à` lra‘oe^mB©Zo hrH$s Wr gmo CZHo$ à{V hm{X©H$ H¥$VkVmkmnZHo$ gmW

J«ÝWH$mam| VWm J«ÝW‘mV¥H$mAm| H$m {ddaU ‘hmZw md lrh[aam`Or nÚ-JÚmË‘H$~«ô‘dmXHo$ VWm lrJmonoídaOr

dmXH$WmHo$ boIH$ : lrh[aam`Or VWm lrJmonoídaOr : ‘hmà^w lrdëb^mMm`©MaUHo$

{ÛVr`mË‘O Jmoñdm‘r lr{dÆ>bZmW à wMaUHo$ nwZ… {ÛVr`mË‘O lrJmo{dÝXam`OrHo$àW‘ nwÌ lrH$ë`mUam`OrHo$ Á oð>nwÌ lrh[aam`Or (O.ñW.d«OHo$ JmoHw$b Jm§d‘|O.g.{d.g§.1647 AmpídZH¥$îUm n§M‘r) Am¡a BZHo$ AZwO lrJmonoídaOr (OÝ‘dht {d.g§.1649‘|) BZ XmoZm| ~«ô‘dmXm| Am¡a dmXH$Wm Ho$ boIH$ h¢.

lrdëb^gåàXm`‘| ñd`§ ‘hmà^w, à^wMaU; CZHo$ MVwWm ©Ë‘OlrJmoHw$bZmWOrHo$ ~mX nm§Mdr nr‹T>rna àmXw^y©V hmoZodmbo lrh[aam`OrH$m BggåàXm`Ho$ àMma-àgma VWm Ym{‘©H$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ Ed§ ^mdmË‘H$ gm{hË`{Z‘m©U‘| AZÝ`gmYmaU `moJXmZ h¡. BZHo$ ^pŠV^mdgo AmoVàmoV ì`pŠVËd Ed§ M[aÌHo$ H$maU BÝh| "‘hmZw md' H$hm OmVm h¡. BZH$mo AnZo {nVm‘h lrJmo{dÝXam`Orgo^JdËgodmH$s AZÝ`{Zð>m {damgV‘| {‘br Wr. ñd‘mJu` AmMm ©a{MV ‘ybJ«ÝWm|naì`m»`m Am{X gVV {bIVo ahZoH$s àoaUm BÝh| AnZo {nVm lrH$ë`mUam`Orgo{‘br. Bgr Vah BZHo$ ñd‘mJu` Xrjm Ed§ {dÚm Ho$ Jwé lrJmoHw$bZmWOrgogåàXm`Ho$ àgma-àMma H$aZoH$s AWH$ {Zð>m BÝh| àmßV hþ`r Wr.

lrh[aam`Or AnZo OÝ‘H$mbgo 80 df© n ©ÝV d«O-JmoHw$b‘| hr {~amOonaÝVw eof ApÝV‘ 45 dfm] VH$ V~ ‘odm‹S> amÁ`Ho$ pI‘Zmoa Jm§d‘| {~amOo.

51 52

VXZwgma 125 df© n ©ÝV BZH$s yVbna pñW{V ‘mZr J`r h¡. ñd‘mJu` nw{ï> pŠVHo$àMma-àgma hoVw {ZaÝVa JwOamV amOñWmZ hr Zht A{nVw gwXya {gÝY VWmgr‘màmÝVm|‘| (hmb‘| nmH$sñVmZ‘| Mbo J`o So>am JmµOrIm§ n`©ÝV, Ohm§ XoeHo$~Q>dmaoHo$ g‘` VH$ BZHo$ {~amOZoH$s ~¡R>H$ ^r Wr) `mÌm H$aHo$ nw{ï>‘mJ©H$mgd©{dY àMma-àgma BÝhmoZ| {H$`m Wm.

BZHo$ ñd‘mJu` Y‘©-Xe©Z gå~ÝYr {MÝVZna BZHo$ XrjmJwé Ed§ {dÚmJwélrJmoHw$bZmWOrH$m Jham à^md àH$Q> àVrV hmoVm h¡.

{ZaW©H$ hr AZno{jV J§ raVmgo Z bo {b`m Om o Vmo H$hZoH$s BÀN>m hmoVrh¡ {H$ ‘hmà wHo$ J«ÝWamerHo$ XwJ©‘| à‘mU-gmYZÑ{ï>H$s ~wOm]H$s g§ mb CZHo$Á oð>mË‘O lrJmonrZmW à wMaUZo ñdrH$mar Vmo à‘o -’$bÑ{ï>H$s ~wOm]H$mo g§ mbZoH$mH$m‘ H${Zð>mË‘O lr{dÆ>bZmW à wMaUZo ñdrH$mam Wm. Jmoñdm‘r lr{dÆ>bZmWOrHo$^r V¥Vr`mË‘O lr~mbH¥$îUOr VWm MVwWm©Ë‘O lrJmoHw$bZmWOr Zo ^r AnZo{nV¥ì` Am¡a {nVm H$s Vah ‘hmà^wHo$ CnXoemË‘H$ J«ÝWm|H$s AnZr-AnZrì`m»`mAm|‘| Eogm Ñ{ï> oX gm H$ht-H$ht àH$Q> {H$`m h¡. Bgo Am¡a ^r A{YH$ñnï>VmHo$ gmW H$hZm hmo Vmo `m| H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ BZ XmoZm| naånamAm|‘|AÝ`H$s AñdrH¥${VHo$ ~Om` ñdñdrH¥$Vna Am{^àm{`H$ é{M^maH$m oX A{YH$b{jV hmoVm h¡, ‘yb{gÕmÝVmoH$m à^oX Zht. ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n‘| lrh[aam`OrAnZo {dÚm-XrjmJwé lrJmoHw$bZmWH$s naånamHo$ g‘W© CÎmam{YH$mar h¢. O~{H$lrh[aam`OrHo$ H${Zð> g‘H$m{bH$ AdVmadmXmdbrH$ma Jmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrV¥Vr`mË‘O lr~mbH¥$îUOrHo$ d§eO VWm Cgr ì`m»`mZnaånamHo$ Á`mo{VñVå^ê$nAZwJm‘r h¡. AmJo Mb H$a lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrHo$ H${Zð> g‘H$m{bH$ lr{dÆ>bam`mË‘O"boIH$ma'ZmåZm à{gÕ lrdëb^Or, {OZH$s H ¥ ${V àñVwV IÊS>‘ |"ànÄMg§gma^oXdmX' ZmåZm g§H${bV hþ`r h¡, BÝht lrh[aam`OrH$s naånam‘|AmVo h¢. AñVw.

lrh[aam`OrZo AZoH$ àH$maHo$ gm{hË`go nw{ï>^pŠV‘mJu` {gÕmÝVm|Ho$ Xwê$hà‘o m|H$mo AnZo CnXoemË‘H$ So>‹T> gmogo ^r A{YH$ bKwH$m` àH$aUJ«ÝWm|go g‘¥Õ~Zm`m h¡. nw{ï>^pŠV‘mJ©na AJ«ga hmoZm MmhVo nw{ï>n{WH$m|H$mo CbPZ‘| S>mbXoZodmbr H$m¡Z gr Eogr JwËWr hmoJr {Ogo gab mfm‘| BÝhm|Zo BZ bKwH$m` J«ÝWm|‘|

gwbPm Zht Xr h¡ Eogo EH$ Zht AZoH$ àH$maHo$ BZHo$ moJXmZ dñVwV… {dñ‘`OZH$h¢ ‘hmà wHo$ ‘ybJ«ÝW fmo‹S>eJ«ÝW nÌmdbå~Z VWm lr‘X² mJdVgw~mo{YZr naBZHo$ Ûmam {bIr ì`m»`mAm|H$m AnZm EH$ {d{eï> ‘hÎd h¡. AnZo JwélrJmoHw$bZmWOrÛmam àH${Q>V d«O^mfm‘| ‘hmà^w Am¡a CZHo$ AZwJm{‘Am|Ho$dmVm©àg§Jna r "^mdàH$me' boIZHo$ Abmdm {d{^ÝZ {df`m|na BZHo$ d«O^mfm‘|^r AÝ` 46 J«ÝW {JZm o OmVo h¡. BZHo$ Abmdm g§ñH¥$V d«O^mfm amOñWmZrJwOamVr n§Om~r ^mfmAm|‘| BZHo$ Ûmam {bIo J o ^JdëbrbmJmZmW© Jo nXm|H$mgm{hË` ^r Ho$db {dnwb hr Zht A{nVw AX²^wV h¡. BZHo$ a{MV Jo` nXm|‘|g¡ÕmpÝVH$ J§^raVm h¡ Vmo nXm|H$m bm{bË` ^r. BZHo$ ^pŠV^mdm|H$m AZwn‘{ZIma h‘mao öX`H$mo ^pŠV^mdmЩ ~Zm XoVm h¡. BgHo$ Abmdm g§ñH¥$V J«ÝWm|Ho$BZHo$ Ûmam {H$ o d«O^mfmZwdmXm|Ho$ g§H$bZ-gånmXZ Am¡a àH$meZ na Vmo H$B©Am|H$sA^r VH$ Ñ{ï> hr Zht J`r h¡. BZHo$ mfmgm{hË`H$s {dnwbVmH$m EH$ Xwîn[aUm‘,{Z…g§H$moM ñdrH$maZo bm`H$, ‘wPo `h ^r bJVm h¡ {H$ BZH$s e¡br AnZm H$aBZHo$ Zm‘Ho$ {‘Ï`m`moOZ Ûmam AJ‹S>‘-~J‹S>‘ r Z OmZo Š`m-Š`m hñV{bpIVgm{hË` CnbãY Zht hmoVm BZHo$ AZwO lrJmonoídaOrH$s JdËgodm‘| gh`mo{JZrnËZrHo$ eara Z ah OmZoH$s gå^mdZmde BÝhm|Zo AnZo AZwOH$mo Omo 41 {ejmnÌ{bIo Wo do Vmo nw{ï>‘mJu` CnXoem|Ho$ B{Vhmg‘| H«$moeñVå^Ho$ g‘mZ h¢. g^rnmR>H$m|Ho$ {b o o na‘ àoaUmXm`H$ CnXoe ‘mZo OmVo h¢. BVZm hr Zht A{nVwgmYmaU AZwJm{‘OZm|Ho$ ^rVa nw{ï>^mdm|Ho$ CX²~moYZ n[adY©Z VWm g§{Zdm©h ‘|BZH$m à‘wI `moJXmZ ahm h¡. BZHo$ AZwO Ûmam {bIr BZ 41 {ejmnÌm|H$sd«O^mfm ì`m»`m ^r ‘hÎdnyU© ahr h¡.

nÚ-JÚmË‘H$ XmoZm| ~«ô‘dmX Am¡a dmXH$Wm H$s ‘mV¥H$m : o XmoZm|,~pëH$ VrZm| ~«ô‘dmX gd©àW‘ lrh[ae§H$a Am|H$maOr emñÌrZo gånm{XV H$a Ho$AmOgo 79 df©nyd© {d.g§.1985 ‘| Mm¡I§ m g§ñH¥$V gr[aµO Am°{’$g² {dÚm{dbmgàog dmamUgr Ûmam BÝh| àH$m{eV H$adm o Wo. Bg g§ñH$aU‘| lrh[aam`OrHo$ XmoZm|~«ô‘dmXm|H$s ì`m»`m r ‘w{ÐV Wr. JÚmË‘H$ ~«ô‘dmXHo$ ì`m»`mH$ma Jmoð>remblrJmonmbH¥$îU ^Å> h¢. o lrh[aam`Orgo nm§Mdr nr‹T>rna BZHo$ Ka‘| JmoX Am oapí‘H$ma lrJmonoídaOrHo$ {eî` h¢, ñd §H¥$V CëboIHo$ AmYmana. BgHo$ AbmdmAm¡a H$moB© OmZH$mar CnbãY Zht h¡. nÚmË‘H$ ~«ô‘dmXH$s ì`m»`mHo$ boIH$Ho$

53 54

Vmo Zm‘H$s ^r OmZH$mar Zht {‘bVr. Bg àH$meZHo$ Mma df© ~mX gZ² 1933‘| "dmXdm[a{Y…' Zm‘H$ Ý`m`emñÌr` dmXm|Ho$ g§H$bZ‘| lr~mbH¥$îU {‘lZo"^pŠV‘mJ©dmX…' ZmåZm `hr JÚmË‘H$ ~«ô‘dmX nwZ… dht Mm¡I§ mgo àH$m{eVH$adm`m Wm. dmXH$Wm lr‘JZbmb JUn{Vam‘ emñÌrZo 90 df©nyd©"nw{ï>^pŠVgwYm'(‘w§~B) {d.g§.1973‘| àH$m{eV H$adm`r Wr. ~mX‘| h‘mao{nVm‘hHo$ AmñWmZnpÊS>V lra‘mZmW emñÌrOrZo {d.g§.1976=B©.g.1920‘|nw{ï>‘mJu`{gÕmÝVH$m`m©b` (‘w§~B) Ûmam àH$m{eV H$adm`r Wr. àñVwV g§ñH$aUBÝht àH$meZm|H$m nwZ‘w©ÐU h¡, gånmXH$-àH$meH$m| à{V H¥$VkVmÚmoVZnyd©H$.

Jmoñdm‘r lr{J[aYaOr {dJ«hdmX VWm ànÄMdmX Ho$ boIH$ : lr{J[aYaOr : BZ XmoZm| dmXJ«ÝWm|Ho$ boIH$H$m V¥Vr`mË‘O lr~mbH¥$îUOrHo$

KaH o $ hm oZm BZ Xm oZm | hr J « ÝWm |‘ | ""amObrbmn{V… H¥$îU… à^w…lrÛmaHo$ída…'',""EVoZ Añ‘Ën{V `mo ApñV à^w… lrÛmaHo$ída…'' BZAmË‘ñdrH¥${VHo$ AmYmana {Z…gÝXoh {gÕ hmoVm h¡. BZ XmoZm| J«ÝWm|H$s ‘ybhñV{bpIV à{V`m§ r H$m§H$amobrHo$ nyÁ`nmX ‘hmamOlrgo gånmXH$ lr‘JZbmbJUnVam‘ emñÌrOrH$mo {‘br Wr Omo CÝhm|Zo "nw{ï>^pŠVgwYm' ‘m{gH$ n{ÌH$mHo$df© 3 A§H$ 5-7 ‘| gånm{XV H$aHo$ AmOgo 94 df©nyd© àH$m{eV H$adm o Wo.Bg‘| {dJ«hdmXH$s EH$ hñV{bpIV à{V µOoamoŠg à{V{b{n Jmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrHo$hñVmjam|‘| AZw{b{n H$s hþB© ‘wPo ^r XoIZoH$mo {‘br. EVmdVm BZH$s CÎmamd{YVmo {ZYm©[aV hmo OmVr h¡ naÝVw nydm©d{Y {ZYm©[aV H$aZo OmZona AdVmadmXmdbrH$magonyd© mdr AWdm g‘H$m{bH$ Xmo "{J[aYaOr' Zm‘ d§emdbr‘| CnbãY hmoVo h¢ :

1.ÛmaHo$emË‘O {J[aYaOr ({d.g§.1662) 2.d«O^yfUmË‘O {J[aYaOr({d.g§.1745). BZ XmoZm|‘| go H$moB© EH$ hmoZm J«ÝWH$maH$m {ZYm©[aV {H$`m OmgH$Vm h¡. "H$m§H$amobrH$m B{Vhmg' Zm‘H$ J«ÝW‘| {ÛVr` {J[aYaOrHo$ emñÌì`gZr{dÛmZ² hmoZoH$m CëboI {‘bVm h¡. naÝVw dV©‘mZ V¥Vr` nrR>mYre Jmoñdm‘rlrd«OoeHw$‘maOrH$s YmaUm h¡ {H$ BÝh| ÛmaHo$emË‘O {J[aYaOr hr ‘mZZm Mm{h o.BZ {df`m|‘| CZH$s OmZH$mar ‘wPo Omo Hw$N> gm‘J«r CnbãY h¡, Cggo H$htA{YH$ hr hmoZogo BX{‘ËWV`m Hw$N> ^r {ZYm©[aV H$a nmZo ‘¢ AnZo-AmnH$mog‘W© Zht nmVm.

‘mV¥H$m : O¡gm {H$ CëboI H$a {X`m J`m VXZwgma "nw{ï>^pŠVgwYm' VWm~mX‘ | h‘ma o {nVm‘hH o $ AmñWmZnpÊS >V lra‘mZmW emñÌrOrZ o{d.g§.1976=B©.g.1920‘| nw{ï>‘mJu`{gÕmÝVH$m`m©b` (‘w§~B) Ûmam àH$m{eVdmXmdbr g§J«h‘| ànÄMdmX g§H${bV hþdm Wm. Cg‘| gånmXH$ ‘hmoX`Zo à wMaUHo$Á oð>mË‘O Ûmam {da{MV hmoZoH$m AZw‘mZ {H$`m h¡ naÝVw dh gå^mdZm BVZrà~b Zht bJVr h¡.

Jmoñdm‘r lraKwZmWmË‘O lrd«OZmWOr ~«ô‘dmX (V¥Vr`)Ho$ boIH$:

lrd«OZmWOr : lr‘X²dëb^d§emdbrHo$ AZwgma à^wMaUHo$ Á`oð>mË‘Olr{J[aYaOr ({d.g§.1597)Ho$ V¥Vr`mË‘O lrJmonrZmWOr ({d.g§.1634), BZHo$Á`oð>mË‘O lrà^wOr ({d.g§.1660), BZHo$ Á`oð>mË‘O lraUN>m o ‹S>Or({d.g§.1677), BZHo$ {ÛVr`mË‘O lraKwZmWOr ({d.g§.1727), BZHo$ AmË‘Olrd«OZmWOr ({d.g§.1744) àñVwV J«ÝWHo$ boIH$ h¢. m| AdVmadmXmdbrH$maHo$H${Zð> g‘H$m{bH$ {gÕ hmoVo h¢. BZH$s H¥${V`m|‘| fmoS>eJ«ÝWm|Ho$ AÝVJ©V{gÕmÝV‘wŠVmdbrH$s {dd¥{V{Q>ßnUr àH$m{eV h¡. Bgr Vah "d¡ mgÝ`m`‘mbm'Zm{‘H$m ~«ô‘gyÌ d¥{Îm ^r àW‘mÜ`m` {ÛVr`nmX n`©ÝV àH$m{eV h¡. naÝVwH$m§H$amobrñW {dÚm{d^mJ‘| V¥Vr`nmXHo$ 15d| gyÌ n ©ÝV {dÚ‘mZ hmoZoH$m CëboI{‘bVm h¡, Eogm "ewÕmÛ¡Vnw{ï>‘mJu` g§ñH¥$V dmL²>‘`'H$maH$m H$hZm h¡. H$hmOmVm h¡ {H$ o H$mH$m dëb^OrHo$ {eî` Wo Am¡a AnZo àË oH$ J«ÝWH$mo g§emoYZmW©CZHo$ nmg oOVo Wo. gmo Hw$N> BZHo$ J«ÝWm|Ho$ g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU g§emoYZH$maHo$Zm‘Ho$ gmW ^r à{gÕ h¢.

‘mV¥H$m : Xmo CnbãY hþ r XmoZm| hr nydm}pëbpIV àW‘ g§ñH$aU lra‘mZmWemñÌrOr Ûmam Am¡a {ÛVr` g§ñH$aU lrh[ae§H$a emñÌrOr Ûmam. BÝht XmoZm|g§ñH$aUm|Ho$ AmYmana `h V¥Vr` g§ñH$aU nwZ…àH$m{eV {H$`m Om ahm h¡.

Jmoñdm‘r lr{dÆ>bam`mË‘O lrdëb^Or ànÄMg§gma oXdmXH$Vm© :

55 56

lrdëb^Or : lr‘X²dëb^d§ed¥jmdbrHo$ AZwgma "{dÆ>bam`mË‘Olrdëb^Or' gd©àW‘ Vmo à wMaUHo$ MVwWm©Ë‘O lrJmoHw$bZmWOrH$m Ana Zm‘h¡. {ÛVr` àW‘/6J¥h‘| EH$ {dÆ>bam`Or ({d.g§.1657)‘| hþdo Am¡a BZHo$MVwWm©Ë‘OH$m ^r "H$mH$m dëb^Or' ({d.g§.1703) Zm‘ {‘bVm h¡. VrgamZm‘ n§M‘ J¥h‘| "{dÆ>boeOr' ({d.g§.1698) Am¡a BZHo$ AmË‘O dëb^Or({d.g§.1729) {‘bVm h¡. `m| VrZm|‘|

go o H$m¡Zgo h¢ H$h nmZm H${R>Z h¡. h‘mao `hm§go àH$m{eV dmXmdbr‘| BgJ«ÝWHo$ boIH$V`m à wMaUmË‘O lrJmoHw$bZmWOrH$mo ‘mZm h¡. H$moB© H$mH$m dëb^OrAdVmadmXmdbrH$maHo$ H${Zð> g‘H$m{bH$ ^r h¢ Am¡a o hr gw~mo{YZrna "boI'Zm‘H$ ì`m»`mZHo$ H$Vm© h¢. `m| Zm‘gmå`de J«ÝWH$Vm©H$m {ZYm©aU H${R>Z hmoJ`m h¡. d¡go à wMaUHo$ MVwWm©Ë‘O ~hþYm AnZo Zm‘Ho$ gmW gmW "{nV¥MaU¡H$VmZ'{deofU Adí` Omo‹S>Vo h¢, dh `hm§ nwpînH$m‘| AZwpëbpIV hmoZogo VWm àW‘/6 J¥hHo$ H$mH$m dëb^Or dmXmdbrH$mago 67 df© d`gm Á oð> hmoZoHo$ H$maUdmXmdbrH$ma CZH$m "dëb^…' Eogm EH$dMZmÝV Zm‘moëboI Zht H$aVo, Š`m|{H$CZH$s nXà`moJe¡brHo$ `h à{Vê$n h¡ AV…, V¥Vr` lr{dÆ>bam`mË‘Olrdëb^OrH$m hr boIH$ma hmoZm A{YH$ gå^mì` bJVm h¡.

dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ J«ÝWm|H$s godmHo$ hoVw lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrHo$ AnaàmH$Q²>ç O¡golr‘ybMÝX VobrdmbmH$s ^r YmaUm `hr h¡. AV… V¥Vr` lrdëb^Or hr BgJ«ÝWHo$ ^r H$Vm© hmoZo Mm{h o.

Jmoñdm‘r lrJmoHw$bZmWmË‘O lr{dÆ>bam` ~«ô‘-Ord-VX¡Š`-ñdê$n- {Zê$nUH$ma :

lr{dÆ>bam` : d§ed¥j‘| àW‘/6 J¥h‘| à wMaUgo gmVdt N>Æ>r nr‹T>rnanydm}pëbpIV H$mH$m dëb^OrHo$ gmVd| nwÌ lrJmoHw$bZmWOr ({d.g§.1750)hþdo, BZHo$ {ÛVr`mË‘O lr{dÆ>bam`Or ({d.g§.1781) ‘| OZ‘o, Bggo A{YH$BZH$m H$moB© {ddaU ‘wPo kmV Zht.

‘mV¥H$m : o VrZm| J«ÝW dfm] nhbo "~¥hËñVmoÌg[aËgmJa…' Zm‘H$ bKwJ«ÝWm|H$mOmo g§H$bZ àH$m{eV hþdm Wm, Cg‘| àH$m{eV nmR>H$m hr `hm§ nwZ…àH$meZ h¡.

J m o ñ d m { ‘ l r n w é f m o Î m ‘ m Ý V o d m g r l r V w b O m a m ‘ O r{déÕY‘m©l`Ëd{ddoMZH$Vm© :

lrVwbOmam‘Or : o ñd § AnZo-AmnH$mo dmXmdbrH$ma lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrH$mAÝVodmgr hmoZm ñdrH$maVo h¢. gmo CZHo$ g‘H$m{bH$ hmoZm Vmo BZH$m {ZpíMV hrh¡. Hw$N> dfm] nyd© lrZmWÛmam‘| {ÛVr`nrR>mYre lrH$ë`mUam`OrHo$ hm{X©H$ Am¡Xm ©deCZHo$ hñV{bpIV g§J«hHo$ Xe©ZH$m gm¡ m½` àmßV hþdm Wm. V~ AVrd CXmaöX`goCÝhm|Zo ‘hmZw md lrh[aam`Or Ûmam nwÌV`m JmoX‘| {b o J o lr{J[aYaOrHo$ à{VdmXmdbrH$ma lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrHo$ {ZO hñVmjam|‘| {bpIV VrZ nÌm|Ho$ Xe©Z H$am oWo. CZ nÌm|H$s à{V{b{n r H$aZoH$s AZw‘{V Xr Wr gmo AnZo H¥$VkVmÚmoVZnyd©H$Bg àg§J‘| CÝh| CÕ¥V H$aZm Mmhþ§Jm :

(1) ñdpñV lrnwéfmoÎm‘mZm§ na‘gwöÎm‘{à`mÝVodm{gfw {J[aYaofw...

‘pÀN>î`ñ` VwbOmam‘ñ` dëb^ñ` M XÊS>dËàUm‘m….

(2) ñdpñV lrnwéfm oÎm‘mZm § {à`V‘{J[aYm[afw ew^m{ef…

g‘wëbgÝVw. e‘² Bh, ^mdËH§$ à{V{XZ‘² EY‘mZ‘² Amemñ‘ho.AnaÄM ...UmnÅ>Uņ {bpIV§ àmßV‘². gdm}@{n CXÝVmo kmV… VoZAmZÝX… g‘O{Z. AV… na§ ^JdÔe©Z§ {dYm` erK«‘² AmJÝVì`§H¥$VH$m £…. H$mÄÀ`m§ àhñVñ` àMmañ` H$mMZ dmVm© lwVm d{V MoX²{dbo»`m. VwbOmam‘dëb^Xmg`mo… XÊS>dËàUm‘m… ñdrH$m`m©….

(3)lrh[aO©`{V

57 58

lr‘Ëà wnXg{dYo ^dV… ñ‘ ©Vo. BXmZt ‘‘ ZoÌ`mo… AnmQ>d§y mo OmV‘² ApñV.

BZ nÌm|Ho$ ^r AmYmana `h {gÕ hmoVm {H$ lrVwbOmam‘Or Z Ho$db {eî`Wo {H$ÝVw lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrHo$ {à` AÝVodmgr ^r Wo. `hm§ àH$mí`‘mZ J«ÝWHo$Abmdm Am¡a ^r Hw$N> BZHo$ J«ÝWm|H$s hñV{bpIV à{V{b{n`m§ {‘bVr h¢ OmoA^r VH$ àH$m{eV hmo Zht nm`r h¢. Bggo A{YH$ Am¡a Hw$N> BZHo$ ~mao‘| ‘wPoAdJV Zht.

lrJmoHw$bmoËgdmË‘O lr`mo{JJmonoídaOr AmË‘dmXHo$ boIH$ : lr`mo{JJmonoídaOr : BZHo$ {nVm lrJmoHw$bmoËgdOr ({d.g§.1816),

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{XZm§H$ : 23,OZdar2008 Jmoñdm‘r í`m‘‘Zmoha