MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMUnit II :-

Information System and OrganizationInformation System and Organization

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATIONINFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION

• What is an organization?

• Features of organizations

• Routines and business processes

• Organizational politics

• Organizational culture

• Organizational environments

• Organizational structure

• Other organizational features

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION

The Two-Way Relationship Between The Two-Way Relationship Between Organizations and Information TechnologyOrganizations and Information Technology

This complex two-way relationship is mediated by many factors, not the least of which are the decisions made—or not made—by managers. Other factors mediating the relationship include the organizational culture, structure, politics, business processes, and environment.

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATIONINFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION

CHARACTERISTICS OF A MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

Provides reports with fixed and standard formats

Hard-copy and soft-copy reports Uses internal data stored in the computer

system End users can develop custom reports Requires formal requests from users

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORG INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATIONANIZATION

TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMSTYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMSKIND OF SYSTEM GROUPS SERVEDKIND OF SYSTEM GROUPS SERVED

STRATEGIC LEVEL STRATEGIC LEVEL SENIOR MANAGERS SENIOR MANAGERS

MANAGEMENT LEVEL MIDDLE MANAGEMENT LEVEL MIDDLE MANAGERSMANAGERS

KNOWLEDGE LEVEL KNOWLEDGE LEVEL KNOWLEDGE AND KNOWLEDGE AND DATA WORKERS DATA WORKERS

OPERATIONAL OPERATIONAL OPERATIONAL LEVEL OPERATIONAL LEVEL

MANAGERS MANAGERS

SALES & MANUFACTURING FINANCE ACCOUNTING HUMAN SALES & MANUFACTURING FINANCE ACCOUNTING HUMAN

MARKETINGMARKETING RESOURCES RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATIONINFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION

TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AT DIFFERENT ORGANIZATION LEVELS

EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS)(ESS) MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS)(MIS) DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS)(DSS) KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS (KWS)(KWS) OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (OAS)(OAS) TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (TPS)(TPS)

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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATIONINFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION

TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (TPS)

OPERATIONAL LEVEL

INPUTS: TRANSACTIONS, EVENTS

PROCESSING: UPDATING

OUTPUTS: DETAILED REPORTS

USERS: OPERATIVE PERSONNEL

EXAMPLE: ACCOUNTS PAYABLE

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION

KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS (KWS)(KWS)

KNOWLEDGE LEVEL

INPUTS: DESIGN SPECS

PROCESSING: MODELLING

OUTPUTS: DESIGNS, GRAPHICS

USERS: PROFESSIONALS, TECHNICAL STAFF

EXAMPLE: ENGINEERING WORK STATION

MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSINFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION SYSTEM AND INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (OAS)(OAS)

TOWARD A “PAPERLESS” OFFICE

INTEGRATED SOFTWARE

NON-STRUCTURED DATA

EXAMPLE: PRESENTATION GRAPHICS

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATIONINFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS)(MIS)

MANAGEMENT LEVEL

INPUTS: HIGH VOLUME DATA

PROCESSING: ROUTINE REPORTS, SIMPLE MODELS, LOW-LEVEL ANALYSIS

OUTPUTS: SUMMARY REPORTS AND EXCEPTION REPORTS

USERS: MIDDLE MANAGERS

EXAMPLE: ANNUAL BUDGETING

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSINFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATIONINFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS)

MANAGEMENT LEVEL

INPUTS: LOW VOLUME DATA

PROCESSING: INTERACTIVE

OUTPUTS: DECISION ANALYSIS

USERS: PROFESSIONALS, STAFF

EXAMPLE: CONTRACT COST ANALYSIS

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATIONINFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION

EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS)

STRATEGIC LEVEL

INPUTS: AGGREGATE DATA

PROCESSING: INTERACTIVE

OUTPUTS: PROJECTIONS

USERS: SENIOR MANAGERS

EXAMPLE: 5 YEAR OPERATING PLAN

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATIONINFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION

STRATEGIC ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

STRATEGIC INFO SYSTEM:CAN CHANGE GOALS, PROCESSES,

PRODUCTS, SERVICES ORENVIRONMENT

TO GAIN COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATIONINFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION

Information Systems Why Do People Need Information?

Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment

Businesses - Decision making, problem solving and control

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION

Data vs. Information

Data A “given,” or fact; a number, a statement, or a

picture Represents something in the real world The raw materials in the production of

information

Information Data that have meaning within a context Data in relationships Data after manipulation

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION

HOW IS EFFECT THE ENVIRONMENT Information Systems Careers

Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning (ERP), database administrator, telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc.

Knowledge Workers Managers and non-managers Employers seek computer-literate professionals who

know how to use information technology.

Computer Literacy Replacing Traditional Literacy Key to full participation in western society

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION

ETHICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUESTHE NOT-SO-BRIGHT SIDE

Consumer PrivacyOrganizations collect (and sometimes sell)

huge amounts of data on individuals.

Employee Privacy IT supports remote monitoring of

employees, violating privacy and creating stress.

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMSMANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATIONINFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION

Freedom of Speech IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech,

intellectual property crime, an d other intrusions; prevention may abridge free speech.

IT Professionalism No mandatory or enforced code of ethics for IT

professionals--unlike other professions.

Social Inequality Less than 20% of the world’s population have ever used

a PC; less than 3% have Internet access.