T. A. Blakelock Grade 11 Biology

Diversity of Living Things

Name: Class:

Period: pg. 1

Warm Up Exercise:

Place these classifications in order from largest to smallest.__________________________ __________________________ ___________________________

__________________________ __________________________ ___________________________

__________________________ __________________________ ___________________________

__________________________ __________________________ ___________________________

__________________________ ___________________________

Brainstorm with a partner, what is a definition of 'Alive'?

Scientists developed a general sense of what they considered 'Alive' through the Medieval Times and came up with this list.

Common Characteristics of Living ThingsCriteria Description

-ability to change the ______________ of some or all of its parts

-ability to respond to ______________

-orderly, progressive change in form (___________________________)

-contains a large number of _______________ molecules and materials

-________________ of all processes (or potential to perform processes) characteristics of living things.

Scientists quickly realized that some living things did not satisfy all of these criteria, and some nonliving things satisfied too many of them. So, they developed a more accurate list of Fundamental Characteristics.

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Fundamental Characteristics of Living Things

Criteria Description-Organized assembly of molecules into a ____________ unit (cells)-Ability to assimilate ________________ as well as materials to grow ad develop-Ability to create viable & ______________ offspring

-Ability to pass on traits & characteristics to _______________

-Ability to maintain a stable & functional _______________ environment

TAXONOMY: The branch of science dedicated to classification, especially organisms

Levels of Classification

1.__________________________ : ________________________ :

2.__________________________ : ________________________ :

3.__________________________ : ________________________ :

4.__________________________ : ________________________ :

5.__________________________ : ________________________ :

6.__________________________ : ________________________ :

7.__________________________ : ________________________ :

CHARACTERISTTICS OF EACH KINGDOMCriteria Archaebacteria Eubacteri

aProtista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Cell Count

Reproduction

Mobility

Tropism

Habitat

Cell Wall

Examplepg. 3

Complete this Chart for AnimaliaMAMMALIA AVES REPTILIA AMPHIBIA GNASTHOSTOMATA

/ AGNATHA

BODY COVERINGFORM OF BIRTHLOCOMOTION

HEART CHAMBERSBLOOD TEMPERATURE

HABITAT

Example

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KINGDOM BACTERIANOTES

Functions of Each Part

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BACTERIAL REPRODUCTION A.

B.

C.

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BACTERIAL CLASSIFICATION

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

TOXINS

EXOTOXINS

ENDOTOXINS

Deadliest Bacterium

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VIRUSESAlive or not alive?

(THAT is the question)

DNA –

RNA –

Viral Life Cycle

Virus invade cells and force them to make more viruses

1. Getting Into the CellBacteriophage

Animal Virus

Plant Virus

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2. Taking OverDNA – Two Types(i) Lytic Cycle

(ii) Lysogenic Cycle

RNA Virus – two types

(i) Simple RNA

(ii) RetrovirusH.I.V.

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3. Getting Out(i) Cell Lysis

(ii) Exocytosis

Part II

DNA and RNA are affected by viruses differently

DNA Virus : Two Types

A. Lytic Cycle -Very ___________, Destroys Cell DNA and replaces it with Viral DNA

-Viral symptoms are __________________

Example:

Signs and Symptons: -

-

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Lytic Cycle

1. Attachment — Virus attaches to the cell wall at a ___________________.

2. Penetration — The cell wall is weakened by the viral _______________, and the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the virus is injected into the host cell.

3. Synthesis — The DNA of the host cell is _______________, and the viral DNA takes over making viral proteins and viral nucleic acid.

4. Assembly — Viral coats of protein ______________ are assembled with the nucleic acids filling the cell with new virus particles.

5. Lysis – ________________ dissolve the host cell membrane from within. The cell then bursts open.

6. Release — The newly formed virus particles are released, free to infect other bacterial cells.

B. Lysogenic Cycle -Slow, combining viral DNA with cellular DNA

-Viral symptoms are delayed

Example:

Signs and Symptoms: -

-

Lysogenic Cycle

The lysogenic cycle proceeds in the same way as the _____________ except that the

_________________becomes part of the host cell's DNA, and it does not immediately take over host cell.

The actual replication is ________. Viruses that do not cause an immediate infection

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are referred to as temperate or latent. They exist as a ________and can be dormant for years. The virus can become active (virulent) years later.

Stimuli that bring about their activation include exposure to environmental factors like

__________________________ .

Auto Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is an example of this type of virus.

RNA Virus : Two Types

A. Simple RNA Viruses - Takes over Cell _________________ directly

- Avoids _________________ DNA entirely

- __________________ or _____________ life cycle

Example:

Signs and Symptoms: -

-

B. Retrovirus - Uses an _________________________ to rewrite cellular DNA with viral RNA

- Enzyme makes frequent mistakes so the retrovirus has a high

____________________________ rate

- ________________ and ________________ life cycle

Example:

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Signs and Symptoms: -

-

-

Part III

4. Getting Out(iii) Cell Lysis

(iv) Exocytosis

BUT, IS A VIRUS ALIVE?

Common Characteristics Additional Characteristics

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3. Can’t ________________ without

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infecting a living thing

4. 4. Can ________________

within a host and kill it

5. 5.

6.

I. All Viruses are _________________________ and cannot live ______________________

II. Viruses can invade ____________________ cell types (plants, animals, etc.)

III. Viruses must use the __________________ from other cells to “________________”

Virus Questions

1. What can you conclude about a virus based on how it invades cells?2. How is a virus able to avoid attack by cells of the immune system?3. A patient comes in to a physician’s office complaining of a sickness that came on rapidly

following a trip to South America. The patient claims that he was in a clinic, sitting besideAn old man who coughed and spit up, and the patient thinks he may have been infected then. He says he was sick that same afternoon and ever since. Ruling out bacterial infection, what can the physician at least narrow her search to from the information provided?

4. What is the characteristic difference between the Lytic and Lysogenic cycle?5. Describe one virus which infects the human body, including the following criteria:

i)Name (Scientific and Common)

ii) Where in the body does it infect?

iii) What is the effect on the body?

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iv) Is it lytic or lysogenic?

v) What, if any, treatment is there for the virus?

vi) Where(worldwide) is the virus most prevalent?

PRIONS

NANOBES

Important Scientist:_____________________

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