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The Digestible Lysine Requirement of High-Yielding Male and Female Cobb 500 x Cobb 500Broilers from 35 to 49 days of age

POULTRY RESEARCH REPORT 29

IInn tt rroo dd uu cctt iioo nn Efficiencies in broiler production are

continuously improving due to advances in management, genetics and nutrition. Notwithstanding the importance of management, the last two points are of particular importance because they have had a profound effect upon growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion, meat

yield, cost of production and how broilers are ultimately fed (Havenstein et al. [1,2]). While most of the improvements are related to the broilers ability to consume more feed and accrete more body protein on the whole or within a specific muscle group [Pectoralis major and minor ] (Wolanski et al. [3]), it is generally accepted that not meeting a set of nutritional requirements will result in the broilers inability to optimally express its genetic potential.

Of the nutrients that are required by the

rapidlygrowing

broiler,

amino

acids

[Met,

Lys,

Thr,

Val, Ile, Arg, Trp, etc.], their dietary level, and their relative ratio to digestible Lysine [dLys] greatly define the broilers ability to efficiency synthesize body protein [i.e. breast muscle]. For example, research of Kidd et al. [4], Dozier et al. [5] and Shirley et al. [6] demonstrated across a variety of broiler lines that growth, feed conversion and meat yield improves as amino acid density increases, up to the requirement. Because of this and other research, industry nutritionists recognize that there is enough divergence in broiler genetics and specific markets / production targets, that a variety of feeding regimes is required to maximize both broiler performance and economics of production.

The 5 to 7 week old broiler will consume approximately 45 to 50% of its feed in a 7 week grow out. In addition, a significant amount of protein, especially breast meat, is accreted. As a result, defining the dLys requirement for this

phase is very important. Unfortunately, most studies to date primarily focus on either the very first 0 to 21 days of life, or contain data that evaluates the dLys requirement over a number of phases. While the latter data are informative, data that are generated over a number of phases are confounded by prior treatments.

The scope of this study addresses the dLys requirement of 35 to 49 day old, mixed sex, Cobb 500 x cob 500 (fast feathering) broilers.

OObb j jee cctt iivvee Determine the digestible Lys (dLys)

requirement of mixed sex, Cobb Cobb 500 (fast feathering) broilers from 35 to 49 d of age.

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DDiiee tt ss :: Birds were fed a common Starter [0 to 7 days of age; crumble], Grower [7 to 21 days of age; pellet] and Finisher [21 to 35 days of age; pellet] diet before being placed on test at day 35. These diets were designed to meet or exceed the 1994 NRC [7] and typical industry formulations [TABLE 1].

On day 35, a base and summit diet were formulated and mixed in varying proportions to create 8 dose response diets ranging from 0.60 to 1.16% dLys in 0.08% graduations [TABLES 1 and 2]; all dietary treatments were pelleted. Crude protein amounts increased by ~1.25% between each treatment level as the level of dLys increased. In addition, the dietary treatments contained corn, soybean meal, porcine meat and bone meal, and wheat midds. All except wheat midds were analyzed for nutritional content prior to formulation [total amino acid content, crude protein and minerals]; and, digestible amino acid values were

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practices and placed at an initial stocking density of 50 birds/pen [0.78 sq ft/bird]. On day 35 [start of the treatment phase], bird density was equalized to 46 birds per pen [23 male and 23 female; 0.85 sq ft/bird] so that differences in performance due to chick quality were minimized. Average initial starting pen weight on day 35 was 2.15 kg/bird

[4.74 lbs/bird]. Feed and water were offered and

consumed on an ad libitum basis. Birds and feed were weighed on d 0, 7, 21, 35 and 49 for the determination of body weight [BW], body weight gain [BWG], feed intake [FI] and feed conversion adjusted to a 2.7 kg [6 lb] bird.

At the end of the grow out period [D 49], 8 birds [4 males and 4 females] were selected from each pen based on having weights +/ 300 g of the pen mean for each sex. The selected birds were leg banded and placed in coops for an overnight feed withdrawal. After the 12 hr feed withdrawal [D 50], the birds were weighed [i.e. fasted live weight] and processed at the University of Georgia Processing Plant. A variety of parameters were measured; however, only the percent hot fat pad, chilled Pectoralis major weight and total white meat yield are reported in this bulletin. Yield calculations [%] are based on the fasted, live weight of the bird.

Performance and yield data for males and females were determined and combined for this report.

SStt aa tt iisstt iiccss:: ANOVA was used to evaluate the completely randomized block design [Statistix 2008]. The block effect [i.e. the room effect] was not significant. The broken line analysis [8] was conducted to determine an estimated breakpoint for a variety of parameters measured [i.e. parameter vs. level of dietary dLys].

RRee ssuu lltt ss [[PPee rrf f oo rrmm aa nn ccee ]] The 35 to 49 day old Cobb x Cobb 500

broiler responded to increasing levels of dLys. Response to dLys led to significant quadratic responses and linear broken line estimates (P

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improvements in performance and processing parameters were observed in this study demonstrates that the 35 to 39 day old broiler is responsive to higher levels of dLys [TABLE 3].

RRee f f ee rree nn ccee ss 1. Havenstein, G.B., P.R. Ferket and M.A.

Quershi. 2003a. Poult. Sci. 82:1500 1508. 2. Havenstein, G.B., P.R. Ferket and M.A.

Quershi. 2003a. Poult. Sci. 82:1509 1518. 3. Wolsanski, N.J., R.A. Renema, F.E. Robinson, V.L.

Carney and B.I. Fancher. 2006. Poult. Sci. 85:1490 1497.

4. Kidd, M. T., C. D. McDaniel, S. L. Branton, E. R. Miller, B. B. Boren, and B. I. Fancher. 2004. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 13:593 604.

5. Dozier, W. A., III, M. T. Kidd, and A. Corzo. 2008. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 17:157 167.

6. Shirley, R.B., D.S. Parker, M. Vazquez Anon, C. D. Knight, and A.G. Marangos. 2006. PSA Annual Meeting Edmonton, Canada.

7. NRC Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 1994. 8. Pesti G., 2007.

http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/ES pubs/RB440/RB 440.htm .

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