lusi coherent x-ray imaging instrument wbs 1.3

Sébastien [email protected]

LUSI DOE Review August 19, 2008Coherent X-Ray Imaging (WBS 1.3) 1

LUSILUSICoherent X-ray Imaging InstrumentCoherent X-ray Imaging Instrument

WBS 1.3WBS 1.3

Sébastien Boutet – CXI Instrument ScientistLUSI DOE ReviewAugust 19, 2008

Team Leader: Janos Hajdu

Lead Engineer: Paul Montanez, P.E.

Engineer: Jean-Charles Castagna

Engineer: Armin Busse

Designer: Richard Jackson



Outline

CXI ScienceCXI LocationSystem Physics RequirementsSystem ScopeSystem DescriptionSystem LayoutCD-4B DeliverablesEarly ScienceScheduleCostsMajor Risks6-month Look-aheadSummary



Science Team

Specifications and instrument concept developed with the science team.

The CXI team leadersJanos Hajdu, Photon Science-SLAC, Uppsala University (leader)Henry Chapman, DESY, University of HamburgJohn Miao, UCLA



Coherent Diffractive Imaging of Biomolecules

Combine 105-107 measurements into 3D dataset

Noisy diffraction pattern

LCLS pulse

Particle injection

One pulse, one measurement

Gösta Huldt, Abraham Szöke, Janos Hajdu (J.Struct Biol, 2003 02-ERD-047)

Wavefront sensor or second detector



CXI Science

3D bio imaging beyond the damage limit

Single injected reproducible biomolecules that can’t be crystallized

ProteinsMembrane ProteinsVirusesMolecular complexesMolecular machines

Biomolecular structure determination from nanocrystals

No need for large high quality crystals

2D bio imaging beyond the damage limit

Live hydrated cells with particle injectorNanoparticles

Quantum dotsAmorphous nanoparticles

High fluence X-ray-matter interactions

Damage studies during the pulseEffect of tamper layers on damage

Protein molecule injection

To mass spectrometer

X-ray diffraction pattern

LCLS

detector detector



CXI Instrument Location

XCS

AMO(LCLS)

CXIEndstation

XPP

Near Experimental Hall

Far Experimental Hall

X-ray Transport Tunnel

Source to Sample distance : ~ 440 m



Far Experimental Hall

Coherent X-ray Imaging Instrument

Control Room

Lab Area

X-ray Correlation SpectroscopyInstrument

High Energy DensityInstrument



CXI Physics Requirements

GoalsPerform imaging of single particles at highest spatial resolution achievable using single LCLS pulsesImage biological nanoparticles beyond the classical damage limit using single LCLS pulses

Tailor and characterize X-ray beam parametersSpatial ProfileIntensityRepetition rate

Deliver the sample to the beam and control its environmentKey Performance Parameters

4-20 keV energy rangeUsing the fundamental and third harmonic

0.1-0.01% energy resolutionParticle Injector

10-1000 nm size range



CXI Physics Requirements

Requirement Device

Remove X-ray beam halo X-ray Guard Slits/Apertues

Tailor X-ray intensity Attenuators

Tailor X-ray repetition rate Pulse Picker

Characterize X-ray pulse intensity Intensity Monitor

Characterize X-ray spatial profile Profile Monitor

Characterize X-ray pulse intensity before the sample on every shot

Non-destructive Intensity Monitor

Characterize X-ray focus Wavefront Monitor

Align experiment without X-ray beam Reference Laser

Maximize X-ray flux on sampleTailor focal spot size to the sample

Focusing optics1 micron Kirkpatrick-Baez Mirrors0.1 micron Kirkpatrick-Baez Mirrors

Minimize air scatter and backgroundPosition sample and final apertures

Sample environment

Position sample environment Instrument Stand

Deliver single particles to the X-ray beam in the gas phase

Particle Injector

Measure X-ray scattering pattern 2D X-ray Detector (Utilizing the LCLS Detector)

Position X-ray area detector Detector Stage

Analysis of sample fragments after Coulomb explosion

Ion Time-of-Flight

Photon Shutter

Guard Slits

Attenuators

Pulse Picker

Sample EnvironmentParticle InjectorIon TOF-MS

KB Mirrors

FE

H H

utch

5

Wavefront Monitor

Detector Stage

Beam Dump

Guard Slits

Guard Slits

KB Mirrors

Aperture

Aperture

X-ray T

ransp

ort T

un

nel

Diagnostics

Diagnostics

Diagnostics

Guard Slits

Diagnostics

Reference Laser



CXI SCOPE - WBS 1.3

WBS Scope/CD-2 Cost Includes:

1.3.1 CXI System Integration & Design

1.3.2 CXI X-ray Optics - 2 KB mirror systems

1.3.3 CXI Lasers - Reference Laser

1.3.4 CXI Coherent Imaging Injector

1.3.5CXI Sample Environment – 2 Sample Chambers, 2 Stands, Detector Stage & Sample diagnostics

1.3.6 CXI Hutch Facilities

1.3.7 CXI Vacuum system

1.3.8 CXI Installation

Other Related WBS

1.5 Diagnostics & Common Optics

1.6 Controls and Data Acquisition



CXI System Description

1.3.1 CXI System Integration and Design1.3.2 CXI X-ray optics

Focusing2 K-B systems

1 micron focus 0.1 micron focus

Coherence preserving and diffraction limitedAccept the full beam

1.3.3 CXI LaserReference laser

Align the experiment without the LCLS beam

1.3.4 Coherent Imaging InjectorFocused beam of particles of varying size

Particle size range: 10-1000 nmRemotely controlled

Steering range : 10 mmReentrant range: 150 mm

Particle beam diagnosticsBeam positionBeam density




1.3.5 CXI Sample Environment1 micron Sample chamber

Vacuum better than 10 -7 torrSample translation stagesAperture translation stagesInterfaces with Detector Stage. particle injector and ion TOFCompatible with 1 micron KB system only

1 micron instrument standSupports 1 micron Sample Chamber and Detector Stage

Sample diagnosticsIon TOF mass spectrometer

Detector Stage 50-2400 mm from sample

0.1 micron Sample ChamberSimilar to 1 micron Sample ChamberCompatible with 1 micron and 0.1 micron KB systems

0.1 micron instrument standSupports 0.1 micron Sample Chamber, 0.1 micron KB System and Detector Stage

0.1 micron KB System




1.3.6 CXI Hutch facilitiesUtilitiesCabinets

1.3.7 CXI Vacuum system10-7 Torr

1.3.8 CXI Installation



CXI Instrument Layout



CXI Instrument Layout (X-ray Transport Tunnel)

Optics near the tunnel exitSlitsDiagnostics

Pop-in Profile Monitors (Beam viewers)Pop-in Intensity monitorsIntensity-Position Monitors (Non-destructive intensity monitors)

AttenuatorsPulse PickerReference Laser



CXI Instrument Layout (FEH Hutch #5)

2 KB systems to produce 1000 and 100 nm focusEach KB deflects the beam and the sample chamber must move with the beam

Precision Instrument Stand holds the Sample Chamber, the Detector Stage and the 0.1 micron KB system10 meters of space behind sample chamber

Wavefront Monitor to characterize the focusUsed as a second detector for low q data

DiagnosticsSlits



CXI Instrument Design

1 micron focusKB system (not shown)

0.1 micronKB system

Sample Chamber with raster stage

Detector Stage(Utilizing the LCLS Detector)

Diagnostics &Wavefront Monitor

Particle injector

LCLS Beam



CD-4B CXI Instrumentation

CD-4B components1 micron KB System1 micron Sample Chamber1 micron Precision Instrument StandDetector StageCommon optics and Diagnostics

Pulse PickerAttenuatorsSome slits and diagnostics

CD-4C components0.1 micron KB System0.1 micron Sample Chamber0.1 micron Precision Instrument StandParticle InjectorIon Time-of-FlightCommon optics and Diagnostics

Remaining slits and diagnostics



Category Required Deliverables

Support stands for optics and diagnostics

All

Focusing Optics 1 micron KB System

Sample Environment 1 micron Sample Chamber, Detector Stage and 1 micron Precision Instrument Stand

Vacuum & Transport System

Vacuum & transport system installed and operational

Diagnostics & Optics Pop-In Profile Monitor (1), Pop-In Intensity Monitor (1), Intensity-Position Monitors (1), Wavefront Monitor (1), Guard Slits (2), Pulse Picker

Controls & DAQ Controls and Data Acquisition required for listed components installed and operational

CD-4B CXI Instrumentation



CD-4B CXI Science

Proof of principle imaging of test objects at diffraction limited resolution with a single LCLS shot.

2D imaging of nanoparticlesMacromolecular structure determination from nanocrystals of proteins.

Proteins that form nanocrystals but do not form large crystals suitable for crystallography at synchrotron source.3D diffraction pattern built from multiple injected nanocrystals.

Relative orientation of each crystal determined from common lattice structure.

X-ray laser-matter interactions under high fluence Measurement of damage during pulse and comparison to damage models.

Known samples on substratesKnown virusesCalibrated nanoparticles

Damage versus fluence measurements.Study of radiation damage mitigation techniques.

Thin tamper layers around a single molecule may slow the damage process.

Imaging of cells beyond the damage limit in 2D.



CXI Schedule

Preliminary Design ReviewsDetector Stage – September 2008Reference Laser – October 20081 micron Sample Chamber – December 2008Particle Injector – August 2009 1 micron KB System – October 2009 1 micron Instrument Stand – December 2009Ion TOF – June 2010

Final Instrument Design Review – October 2009Final Design Reviews

Reference Laser – December 2008Detector Stage – May 20091 micron Sample Chamber – June 2009Particle Injector – December 20091 micron KB System – March 20101 micron Instrument Stand – March 2010Ion TOF – July 2010

Project Ready for CD-3B - October 2009Award PO

1 micron KB System – April 20091 micron Sample Chamber – January 2010Detector Stage – January 20101 micron Precision Instrument Stand – May 2010

Receive1 micron Sample Chamber – April 2010Detector Stage – June 20101 micron KB System – August 20101 micron Precision Instrument Stand – September 2010

Project Ready for CD-4B - April 2011

All dates are early finish

FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11



CXI Level 3 Cost Breakdown



CXI Major Risks

KB Mirror SystemsVendor doesn’t meet specifications

MitigationHave SLAC quality control supervise the final fabrication process and final surface characterizationIdentify vendors with proven capabilities

Delays impact other critical systemsMitigation

Break the link between the KB0.1 mirrors and the chamber by building a second chamber to be used early with the KB1 system only

Sample ChamberLack of information regarding 0.1µm KB delays chamber engineering effort

MitigationBreak the link between the KB0.1 mirrors and the chamber by building a second chamber to be used early with the KB1 system only

Particle InjectorRemote operation

MitigationLeverage institutional efforts to solve this problemMove injector to a CD-4C deliverable to relieve schedule risk



6-month Look-ahead

6 month “look-ahead” at Level 4/5 MilestonesESDs released

CXI Detector Stage – Sept 08 CXI Reference Laser – Sept 08CXI 1.0µm KB System – Sept 08CXI 1.0µm Precision Instrument Stand – Sept 08CXI 1.0µm Sample Chamber – Oct 08CXI 0.1µm KB System – Oct 08

PRDs releasedCXI Injector – Jan 09

Preliminary Design ReviewsCXI Detector Stage – Sept 08CXI Reference Laser – Oct 08CXI Vacuum Equipment – Nov 08CXI 1.0µm Sample Chamber – Dec 08

Final Design ReviewsCXI Reference Laser – Dec 08Vacuum System Equipment – Jan 09Cornell Detector Packaging (Participate in) – Feb 09

Vendor RelatedRelease CXI KB Systems RFP – Jan 09Receive CXI KB Systems Vendor Proposals – Feb 09

Far Experimental Hall HutchesFEH H5 Preliminary Layout – Sept 08

LCLS 30%, 60%, 90% hutch drawing review – Sept 08, Oct 08 and Jan 09LCLS FEH FDR – Jan 09



Summary

Instrument accommodates a wide variety of cutting edge research capabilities and fulfills the CD-0 missionInstrument concept is based on proven developments made at FLASH and SR sourcesSafety hazards have been identified in the Hazard Analysis Report (HAR)Safety issues are considered at every step of the design and fabrication processScope of instrument fully definedResource loaded schedule developed through end of projectPreliminary design of key components is well advancedCXI and LUSI are ready for CD-2 approval

lusi coherent x-ray imaging instrument wbs 1.3

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