luas broombridge_eis_book_1_part_5_(chapters_22-26).pdf

Dominick

Broadstone - DIT

Phibsborough

Grangegorman

Cabra

Parnell

Marlborough

O’ConnellUpper

O’Connell - GPO

Westmoreland

Trinity

Dawson

St. Stephen’s Green

Broombridge

BOOK 1 of 5

Luas BroombridgeSt. Stephen’s Green to Broombridge(Line BXD)

EnvironmentalImpactStatementPart 5 - Chapters 22–26

Dominick

Broadstone - DIT

Phibsborough

Grangegorman

Cabra

Parnell

Marlborough

O’ConnellUpper

O’Connell - GPO

Westmoreland

Trinity

Dawson


Broombridge

22 LANdSCAPE ANd VISuAL 22.1 Introduction ...............................................................457

22.2 Baseline assessment methodology ........................45722.2.1 Introduction .................................................................45722.2.2 Study area ...................................................................45722.2.3 Baseline data ..............................................................45822.2.4 Difficulties encountered ...............................................459

22.3 Baseline categorisation criteria ...............................45922.3.1 Landscape character ...................................................45922.3.2 Landscape value ........................................................45922.3.3 Existing adverse effects (landscape quality or condition) ..................................459 22.3.4 Landscape sensitivity .................................................45922.3.5 Baseline rating ...........................................................459

22.4 description and categorisation of the baseline environment ..............................................46122.4.1 Description of the baseline environment .....................46122.4.2 Categorisation of the baseline environment ................461

22.5 References .................................................................496

BASELINE

457 Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge

LANdSCAPE ANd VISuAL

22.1 INTROduCTIONThis is the Landscape and Visual baseline chapter of the Luas Broombridge Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). This chapter describes and evaluates the existing landscape character and visual aspects of the environment that is likely to be impacted by the proposed scheme.

Section 39(2)(b) of the Transport (Railway Infrastructure) Act, 2001 specifies that an EIS must contain a description of the aspects of the environment that are likely to be significantly affected by a proposed scheme. This chapter of the EIS has been prepared in order to fulfil the requirement to address the Landscape and Visual aspect of the environment. It should be read in conjunction with the Material Assets: Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24).

Landscape character and resources are considered to be of importance although they may not be directly visible to people. Impacts on visual amenity as perceived by viewers are therefore clearly distinguished from, although closely linked to, impacts on landscape character and resources.

The term “landscape” is generally used throughout this chapter when referring to landscape resources and landscape character. This term “landscape” is replaced with the term “townscape” when referring to landscape in the context of a predominantly built-up area. The term “streetscape” is used when referring to the make up of the street, i.e. the surface finishes, building façades, street furniture, tree planting, etc.

Prior to compiling this chapter, the Dublin City Development Plan (DCDP)1 was reviewed to ascertain if it contained any plans, policies or objectives relating to landscape and visual amenity.

The relevant findings of this review are detailed in the Planning and Policy Context chapter of the EIS (Book 1, Chapter 3).

22.2 BASELINE ASSESSMENT METhOdOLOgy22.2.1 IntroductionThe baseline environment is defined as the existing environment against which future changes can be measured. This section presents the methodology used in assessing the baseline landscape and visual environment. The scope for the assessment has been informed by consultation with An Bord Pleanála (ABP), statutory consultees, bodies with environmental responsibility and other interested parties. The methodology has been devised in consideration of the following guidelines:

■■ Guidelines on the Information to be Contained in Environmental Impact Statements2

■■ Advice Notes on Current Practice in the Preparation of Environmental Impact Statements3

■■ Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment4

■■ Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, Vol. 11, Environmental Assessment5

■■ Visual Amenity Valuation of Trees and Woodland (the Helliwell System) Guidance No. 46

■■ Environmental Impact of National Road Schemes – A Practical Guide7

■■ A Guide to Landscape Treatments for National Roads Schemes in Ireland8

The general baseline assessment methodology is defined in the Methodology chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 5). The baseline landscape and visual environment has been defined through a desktop study, consultation with relevant stakeholders and field surveys. The baseline environment is then categorised using the criteria outlined in Section 22.3 and baseline ratings are assigned. These baseline ratings are subsequently used in the Landscape and Visual impact assessment chapter of this EIS (Books 2 and 3, Chapter 13) to help determine the impact significance.

22.2.2 Study areaThe study area has been defined with reference to the potential for landscape and visual impacts from the proposed scheme. The visual assessment is based on the zone of visual influence, i.e. the intervisibility between the viewers and the proposed scheme and is determined by the presence of buildings, structures, hedgerows and other local features which obscure visibility toward the proposed route.

The dimensions for the study area are dependent on the local landscape. In built-up urban areas within the city, the study area typically extends to the edges of the buildings on either side of the centre line of the proposed scheme having regard also to views in towards the alignment from adjacent streets, public spaces, along the alignment itself and also with regard to longer distance views along street alignments. The extent of the study area in locations where the proposed scheme runs through the former Broadstone railway cutting, typically extends to the rear boundaries of the houses on either side of the alignment and laterally along the former Broadstone

Environmental Impact Statement Luas Broombridge 458


cutting when viewed from the road bridge crossings. The study area widens as the proposed scheme passes through the lands at Broadstone Bus Depot and the lands adjacent to the Royal Canal, to take account of the more open nature of the landscape in these locations. The study area is illustrated on the analysis maps (Baseline Landscape and Visual) included in Book 4 of this EIS.

22.2.3 Baseline dataThe data sources used to compile the baseline are shown in Table 22.1.

A tree assessment9 along the proposed scheme was undertaken in 2009. The findings from the tree assessments is used as a data source for the Landscape and Visual baseline chapter as well as the Flora and Fauna baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 17). The survey included an assessment of trees in accordance with the British Standard 5837: 2005 Trees in Relation to Construction10. The findings of the tree surveys are summarised and presented in tabular format included in Annex L, Book 5, of this EIS. The trees are categorised according to the following criteria:

■■ Reference number

■■ Species

■■ Height

■■ Stem diameter/girth

■■ Crown spread

■■ Height of crown clearance/clear stem

■■ Age classification

■■ Physiological condition

■■ Structural condition/comment

■■ Management recommendations

■■ Estimated remaining contribution

As part of the tree assessment, trees have been categorised as follows:

■■ A: Trees of high quality and value: those in such condition as to be able to make a substantial contribution – (a minimum of 40 years is suggested)

■■ B: Trees of moderate quality and value: those in such condition as to be able to make a significant contribution – (a minimum of 20 years is suggested)

■■ C: Trees of low quality and value: currently in adequate condition to remain until new planting could be established (a minimum of 10 years is

Table 22.1 Baseline data

INFORMATION ACquIREd dATA SOuRCE

Policies and designations relating to landscape and visual amenity.

Desktop study of DCDP1.

Protected Structures (buildings, monuments, architectural features as above ground elements).

DCDP Landuse Zoning maps.

Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).

Material Assets: Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24).

Local Landscape Character Areas (LLCAs) determined for the purpose of the EIS.

Landscape and visual features of note within each LLCA (general character, paving finishes, tree planting, visual analysis, location of street furniture, etc.).

Walkover survey carried out in early February 2009 and a photographic record taken. Sections of the route were revisited as required during the compilation of baseline data.

Aerial photography.

Ordnance Survey Ireland (OSI) maps of the study area.

Survey of all existing mature trees and significant hedgerows9.



suggested) or young trees with a stem diameter below 150mm

■■ R: Trees in such a condition that any existing value would be lost within 10 years and which should, in the current context be removed for reasons of sound arboricultural management

22.2.4 difficulties encounteredNo difficulties were encountered while undertaking the landscape and visual assessments.

22.3 BASELINE CATEgORISATION CRITERIAThis section of the baseline chapter categorises the baseline landscape and visual environment. The baseline environment is assigned a rating based on:

■■ Landscape character

■■ Landscape value

■■ Landscape quality or condition

■■ Landscape sensitivity

■■ Viewer groups visual sensitivity

The professional opinion of the specialist also plays an important role in assigning the baseline rating. The baseline rating will subsequently be used in the impact chapter to determine the likely significance of impacts which is discussed in detail in the Landscape and Visual impact assessment chapter (Books 2 and 3, Chapter 13).

The receiving environment includes: two main landscape components, the urban landscape associated with the city centre; and the suburban landscape associated with the former Broadstone railway cutting running from Broadstone to Broombridge. The local landscape environment is described in terms of LLCAs which are illustrated on maps (Baseline Landscape and Visual) included in Book 4 of this EIS and described within the text.

The categorisation of each LLCA and each viewpoint is undertaken in accordance with the Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment4, taking into account the overall methodology outlined in the Methodology chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 5). Key terms and definitions used in the assessment are explained in this section.

22.3.1 Landscape characterLandscape character is defined in the Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment4 as “the distinct and recognisable pattern of elements that occurs consistently in a particular type of landscape, and how this is perceived by people”.

22.3.2 Landscape value Landscape value is the relative value or importance attached to a landscape (often as a basis for designation or recognition), which expresses national or local consensus because of its quality, special features, including perceptual aspects such as scenic beauty, tranquillity or wildness, cultural associations, or other conservation issues.

22.3.3 Existing adverse effects (landscape quality or condition) Landscape quality or condition is based upon judgements about the physical state of the landscape and about its intactness from visual, functional, and ecological perspectives. It also reflects the state and condition of individual features and elements which make up the character in any one place.

In some cases, the quality of an important and/or sensitive environmental feature may be diminished by existing adverse effects. These existing adverse effects must be taken into consideration when categorising the baseline. Examples of this in a landscape and visual context may include the presence of heavy traffic flow, bus routes, delivery vehicular use and access, road signage, or other street elements that result in a reduced quality of landscape/townscape.

22.3.4 Landscape sensitivity Landscape sensitivity is defined in relation to a specific type of change. It is the extent to which a landscape can accommodate change of a particular type and scale without unacceptable adverse effects on its character. The sensitivity of the baseline environment is evaluated with reference to the criteria shown in Table 22.2. Five classes of baseline rating are used – very high, high, medium, low and very low.

22.3.5 Baseline rating The baseline rating of the existing landscape and visual environment is determined by having regard to a range of criteria which reflect the landscape character, value, quality, and sensitivity of the baseline environment. The criteria that have been defined are shown in Tables 22.2 and 22.3. A baseline rating is established for both the landscape and the visual analyses.



Table 22.2 Evaluation criteria for baseline categorisation of landscape*

CRITERIA BASELINE RATINg

A landscape protected by an International or national designation, (Special Area Amenity Order (SAAO), candidate Special Area of Conservation (cSAC), proposed Natural Heritage Area (pNHA), etc.).

A landscape widely acknowledged for its distinctive features and the quality and value of its elements and edge condition.

A landscape with distinctive character and low capacity to accommodate change.

Absence of negative elements**.

Very high

A landscape widely acknowledged as containing elements of national importance. National designation may apply.

A landscape containing features of historical, ecological, socio-cultural, or national importance.

A landscape acknowledged for its quality and value.

A landscape having the capacity to accommodate change to a certain degree.

Some negative elements.

High

A landscape that exhibits positive character.

A landscape that is locally important.

A landscape of some quality and value but with some adverse conditions.

A landscape whose character, landuse pattern and scale would have the capacity to accommodate change.

Some negative elements.

Medium

A landscape of local importance but with some degraded elements or conditions.

A landscape where lack of management/intervention is evident.

A landscape where change is unlikely to be detrimental.

Low

A landscape which is dominated by dereliction and neglect with evidence of anti-social behaviour such as graffiti, vandalism and littering.

A landscape where change is likely to be positive.Very low

* Refers to landscape, townscape, or streetscape.

** Negative elements, e.g. volumes of traffic, noise, dereliction, unmanaged areas.



22.4 dESCRIPTION ANd CATEgORISATION OF ThE BASELINE ENVIRONMENT 22.4.1 description of the baseline environmentThe receiving environment consists of two main landscape types – urban and suburban.

22.4.1.1 urban (Area 29)This landscape type is located between St. Stephen’s Green to the south and Constitution Hill to the north, incorporating some or all of Dawson Street, Nassau Street, College Green, Westmoreland Street, O’Connell Street Lower and Upper, Parnell Street, Parnell Square, Marlborough Street, Eden Quay, Hawkins Street, College Street, Dominick Street Lower and Upper.

22.4.1.2 Suburban (Area 30)This landscape type commences at the rear of the Broadstone Bus Depot, where the proposed scheme follows the former Broadstone railway cutting, running in a northwest direction through the residential area of Cabra, traversing the North Circular Road, Cabra Road and Fassaugh Road. The proposed scheme continues

from Fassaugh Road to the rear of the housing located along St. Attracta Road and adjacent to the derelict lands along the Royal Canal to the north and terminating at Broombridge.

22.4.2 Categorisation of the baseline environmentA total of 26 LLCAs within both the urban and suburban baseline are identified and shown in Tables 22.4 and 22.5. The results of the baseline categorisation for each of the LLCAs are summarised in Tables 22.4 and 22.5. This information is also illustrated on the map (Baseline Landscape and Visual) included in Book 4 of this EIS.

Table 22.3 Evaluation criteria for baseline categorisation of visual amenity and viewers*


Views from high usage public spaces, lack of visual clutter and absence of traffic and other elements which may cause visual degradation.

Areas containing protected views as outlined in the DCDP1.

Viewers with a profound interest in the view such as direct observers (e.g. from a restaurant), views from local residential properties, residential care units with direct views to the development.

Very high

Some visual discordance in streetscape. Traffic movements distracting visually but not predominant.

Viewers with a proprietary interest and prolonged viewing opportunities such as local residents and frequent recreational users.

High

Viewers with a moderate interest in their environment such as recreational and less frequent users of recreational facilities, e.g. walkers along the Royal Canal, users of any adjacent parks.

Viewers within a landscape dominated by traffic. Visual condition of the landscape is degraded.

Medium

Viewers within an exclusively trafficked landscape (i.e. a major roadway or adjacent to one with no mitigation). Viewers with a passive or temporary view of the landscape such as motorists.

Viewers with a passing interest in their surroundings or whose interest is not specifically focused on the landscape.

Low

Viewer within a degraded landscape. Very low

* Tables 22.2 and 22.3 are guides only. Each case is assessed on its own merits, on a “site specific” basis using professional

judgement and experience.



Table 22.4 Baseline categorisation – Area 29: St. Stephen’s Green to former Broadstone railway cutting

LLCA SITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINE

RATINg LANdSCAPE

BASELINE RATINg VISuAL

AMENITy

Section 1

St. Stephen’s Green West and entrance to St.

Stephen’s Green Park (LLCA 1)

designations

St. Stephen’s Green and the surrounding streetscape are designated as a Conservation Area (CA) in the DCDP1.

Landuse Zonings

Z5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildings along St. Stephen’s Green and along adjacent streets.

Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Lands zoning applies to the park itself.

description

This area, to the north of the terminus for the existing Luas Green Line, experiences heavy pedestrian movement, particularly at the junction between Grafton Street and South King Street – both pedestrianised streets. The vehicular traffic operates in a one-way system coming from the south of St. Stephen’s Green, bringing traffic around towards York Street and Glover’s Alley on St. Stephen’s Green West.

The pedestrian realm along the perimeter walkways of St. Stephen’s Green consists of high quality flame-finished granite paving with granite kerbs along the road edge. A dished granite drainage channel runs along the middle of the footpath. There are a number of Lime tree cultivars (Tilia cordata “Greenspire”) interspersed between a line of granite bollards located along the edge of the footpath.

Adjacent to Grafton Street/ South King Street junction is the main entrance to St. Stephen’s Green Park, which is marked by the Fusiliers’ Arch, a significant feature in this location. The open space in front of the entrance is paved with granite cobbles. There is also a line of cast iron bollards and cast iron light standards located at the entrance. St. Stephen’s Green Park and everything within its curtilage is classified as a National Monument.

The surfacing around St. Stephen’s Green is part of the Office of Public Works curtilage and the elements are arranged in a set pattern. The primary visual focus in this area is St. Stephen’s Green Park itself with its heavy tree planting and the Fusiliers’ Arch at the entrance.

High High




RATINg LANdSCAPE


AMENITy

Section 1 Continued

Stephen’s Green Shopping Centre, the extensively pedestrianised junction of Grafton Street and South King Street, which includes an area of bicycle racks, and the existing Luas Green Line terminus are also prominent visual features in this area. The sensitivity of this character area to the proposed scheme is assessed as high in terms of its visual amenity baseline rating, primarily due to the adjacent St. Stephen’s Green Park and edge condition of the buildings. Although St. Stephen’s Green has a very high landscape designation due to its National Monument status, the urban space around it is of a lesser quality given the high levels of pedestrian traffic, poor surfacing and finishes in some areas, existing Luas Line and stop, retail units, street signage, bicycle racks, and other streetscape elements. Therefore, in terms of landscape, a baseline rating of high is appropriate as it would account for the above mentioned interventions some of which lower the overall value from very high to high. For similar reasons the visual rating would also be reduced from very high to high.

Table 22.4 Continued




RATINg LANdSCAPE


AMENITy

Section 2

St. Stephen’s Green North

(Grafton Street to Dawson

Street, including spur to east of

Dawson Street)

(LLCA 2)

designations

St. Stephen’s Green North, Dawson Street and the buildings along its eastern edge are designated as a CA in the DCDP1.

Landuse Zonings

Z5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildings along the southern end of Dawson Street.

Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Lands zoning applies to St. Stephen’s Green Park.

description

St. Stephen’s Green Park is located to the south of St. Stephen’s Green North (Beaux Walk), while to the north the terraces of buildings are predominantly of mixed commercial, cultural and leisure use. The road carriageway is a wide thoroughfare consisting of three lanes of traffic, with taxi ranks on both sides of the street. At the top of Grafton Street the pedestrian surface consists of brick paving setts in a herringbone pattern with linear bands of granite flags and white ceramic banding. Further along St. Stephen’s Green North, on the north side of the street, the paving is characterised by precast concrete paving slabs with granite kerbs along the footpath edge. There is a small area of granite cobbles at the entrance to the Topshop retail unit.

To the south of the street the wide footpath is characterised by the granite flags, granite kerbs, the Lime tree planting interspersed between the line of cast iron public lighting standards and the line of granite bollards along the footpath edge.

There are two stone troughs located at the crossing near Dawson Street, where there is also a monument erected by Lady Laura Grattan.

High High





RATINg LANdSCAPE


AMENITy

Section 2 Continued

Although, as with LLCA 1, St. Stephen’s Green has a very high landscape designation due to its National Monument status, the urban space around it is of a lesser quality given the levels of vehicular traffic accessing Dawson Street, poor surfacing and finishes in some areas, existence of bus routes and bus stops, existing traffic flow to the west of Dawson Street, retail units, street signage, and other streetscape elements. Therefore, in terms of landscape, a baseline rating of high is appropriate as it would account for the above mentioned interventions some of which lower the overall value from very high to high. The lower rating is particularly influenced by the heavy volume of traffic onto Dawson Street. The visual amenity and townscape character is of a very high quality given the open nature of the street, the presence of St. Stephen’s Green Park, the high quality paving and bollards along the south side, and the quality of a number of the buildings along the north side of the street. However, the presence of significant light and heavy vehicular traffic, taxi ranks and street signage has the effect of lowering the quality of the streetscape thus resulting in the lower baseline rating of high.





RATINg LANdSCAPE


AMENITy

Section 3

Dawson Street (St. Stephen’s

Green to Nassau Street)

(LLCA 3)

designations

Dawson Street itself, along with South Anne Street and Duke Street to the west, the Mansion House, Nassau Street and the grounds associated with Trinity College Dublin (TCD) to the south are designated as a CA in the DCDP1.

Landuse Zonings

Z5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildings along Dawson Street and adjacent side streets.

Z8 – CA zoning applies to Dawson Street and the grounds at TCD along Nassau Street.

description

Dawson Street is a heavily trafficked route with significant pedestrian and vehicular traffic flows including a high number of bus routes. The vehicular traffic comes in a one-way direction from the St. Stephen’s Green area, onto Dawson Street. At the northern end of Dawson Street only buses, taxis, and cycles are permitted to route west towards the north of the city along Nassau Street and Suffolk Street with all traffic movements permitted to turn right and route east to the south of the city along Nassau Street towards Merrion Square. The exception to the restrictions on movement west onto Nassau Street is during the early morning period when access for servicing of premises on Grafton Street and Suffolk Street is allowed.

The pedestrian realm is generally of poor quality, with footpaths consisting of cracked and mismatched paving and infills of asphalt where paving has not been replaced after repair work. The granite kerbing along Dawson Street is listed in the DCDP1 “to be retained or restored and included in the City Council’s Programme for Restoration”.

At the southern end of Dawson Street, to the west side of the street, the footpath is characterised by a mix of concrete slabs and brick paving setts with a granite stone kerb along the footpath edge. There are also a number of basement cellar covers in this location.

The footpath on the east of Dawson Street is characterised by poor quality brick paviours with a precast concrete drainage channel running along the centre of the footpath and a granite stone kerb along the footpath edge.

High High





RATINg LANdSCAPE


AMENITy

Section 3 Continued

Further north along Dawson Street to the front of the Mansion House is a cobbled car park area which extends onto the public footpath at the entrance and exit points to the car park. In between the entrance and exit points the footpath is formed with precast concrete paving slabs and a granite kerb along the edge. There are two lines of cast iron bollards in this location – one to the front and one to the back of the footpath.

Further north, at the entrance to St. Ann’s Church, there is an area of old granite stone paving marking the entrance to the church.

Between St. Ann’s Church and the corner of Nassau Street the footpath consists of precast concrete paving slabs and granite kerbs. There are a number of mature street trees, London Plane (Plantus x hispanica), along the footpath, some of which have caused damage to the paving around them. These areas have been repaired with tarmacadam, thus reducing the visual quality of the pedestrian realm in this area.

The road surface consists of a standard asphalt finish with associated white or yellow line road markings. The primary visual focus along this street is the array of historic buildings, many of them being listed as Protected Structures in the DCDP1, with the Mansion House, St. Ann’s Church, and the Morrison Chambers building at the corner of Dawson Street and Nassau Street being of particular importance. Also of visual significance are the decorative street lights (Scotts Arc lamp standards) and the mature street tree planting along the street.

While the quality of the surface finishes along the footpaths are poor, the visual amenity and townscape character in this area is of a high standard – given the presence of the many historic buildings along the street. However, the presence of significant light and heavy traffic has an effect of lowering the quality of streetscape and its visual amenity, thus resulting in the lower baseline rating of high for both the landscape and visual elements.





RATINg LANdSCAPE


AMENITy

Section 4

St. Patrick’s Well

(LLCA 4)

designations

Dawson Street, Nassau Street, and the grounds at TCD are designated as a CA in the DCDP1.

Landuse Zonings

Z5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildings along Nassau Street.

Z8 – CA zoning applies to Dawson Street and the grounds at TCD along Nassau Street.

description

This junction between Dawson Street and Nassau Street is heavily trafficked with both pedestrian and vehicular traffic. The entrance to the Trinity Arts Block is located at the junction (St. Patrick’s Well). There is some tree planting, Elm (Ulnus glabora) and Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), in the grounds of TCD itself, which overhang onto the street.

The pedestrian realm is characterised by the strong edge formed by the stone boundary wall and railings of TCD adjacent to the narrow footpath to the north of the street and the heavily pedestrianised footpaths consisting of concrete paving slabs with granite kerbs along Dawson Street to the south. There is also a line of bicycle racks and trees located along the footpath on Dawson Street approaching and adjacent to the House of Ireland building.

The general townscape and visual amenity character at this junction could be considered high given the proximity of the adjacent TCD campus and the Morrison Chambers building on the corner of Dawson Street. However, the presence of significant light and heavy traffic and the visual clutter of the street furniture and street signage have an effect of lowering the quality of the streetscape and visual amenity, thus resulting in the lower baseline rating of medium for both landscape and visual elements.

Medium Medium





RATINg LANdSCAPE


AMENITy

Section 5

Nassau Street (Dawson Street to Grafton Street

Lower)

(LLCA 5)

designations

The grounds at TCD, some of the buildings along Grafton Street (lower), and all the surrounding streetscapes are designated as a CA in the DCDP1.

Landuse Zonings

Z5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildings along Dawson Street and Grafton Street (lower).

Z8 – CA zoning applies to grounds at TCD along Nassau Street.

description

This section of Nassau Street, between Grafton Street and Dawson Street is a heavily trafficked route with both pedestrian and vehicular traffic. The footpaths on both sides of the street are quite narrow, but particularly the footpath adjacent to TCD grounds. The façade of the House of Ireland has evidence of remedial works to make safe the cladding of the building.

The footpath to the south of the street, adjacent to the retail units, is characterised by the relatively recently installed granite paving, granite kerbs and cast iron bollards along the road edge. A portion of this footpath is partially covered by the overhang of the building at the House of Ireland.

The narrower footpath to the north of the street is characterised by the precast concrete paving slabs and granite kerb along the edge of the TCD boundary. The granite kerbing is listed in the DCDP1 “to be retained or restored and included in the City Council’s Programme for Restoration”.

The paving is in reasonably good condition with a limited amount of cracking and patching and other streetscape elements.

The only tree planting in the vicinity of this portion of the route alignment are the trees located within the TCD grounds, Elm and Rowan. While the proximity of the adjacent TCD grounds adds to the visual amenity value along this section of the route, the presence of significant light and heavy traffic volumes has the effect of lowering the quality of the streetscape and visual amenity, thus resulting in a baseline rating of medium for both landscape and visual elements.

Medium Medium





RATINg LANdSCAPE


AMENITy

Section 6

Grafton Street Lower

(LLCA 6)

designations

All of the buildings and all the surrounding streetscapes are designated as a CA in the DCDP1.

Landuse Zoning

Z5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildings to the north and south of College Green and along Westmoreland Street.

Z8 – CA zoning.

Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Lands zoning applies to grounds at TCD to the east.

description

This route is a heavily trafficked area carrying buses and cars from the north side of the city around TCD towards the Merrion Square area. There is also a taxi rank present. There are significant pedestrian movements around the entrance to TCD and surrounding the bus stops outside. There is also the iconic Molly Malone statue located on the opposite side of the road to TCD which attracts many onlookers and tourists. This side of the street has a wide footpath to facilitate the large pedestrian volumes along the Grafton Street–O’Connell Street axis.

The footpath to the west of the street consists of relatively recent granite stone paving with granite kerbs, generally in good condition and with street furniture (bins, bicycle stands and lighting) throughout.

The narrower footpath to the east of the street, surrounding the grounds at TCD, consists of precast concrete paving slabs with a granite kerb edge. The paving is generally in good condition and the granite kerbing is listed in the DCDP1 “to be retained or restored and included in the City Council’s Programme for Restoration”.

The street is bounded to the east by TCD grounds and its boundary wall and railings, which adds to the character and visual amenity of the street.

The main tree planting in the vicinity of this portion of the route are the trees located within the boundary of the TCD grounds, Norway Maple (Acer Platanoides), London Plane and Holly (Ilex aquifolium), and along the junction with Dame Street, London Plane. There are a number of mature trees (London Plane) of high landscape value located on the traffic islands at College Street and Dame Street and within the footpath on Westmoreland Street visible from this LLCA.

Medium Medium





RATINg LANdSCAPE


AMENITy

Section 6 Continued

The principal visual feature of note is TCD itself, particularly the entrance façade and the Provost’s House.

The Molly Malone statue and Grattan’s statue also form important visual features. The visual amenity and townscape character of this area is high, given the proximity to the adjacent TCD grounds, which visually dominate the area.

The presence of significant light and heavy traffic, bicycle stands, and a taxi rank has an effect of lowering the quality of the streetscape and its visual amenity, thus resulting in the lower baseline rating of medium for both landscape and visual elements.





RATINg LANdSCAPE


AMENITy

Section 7

College Green

(LLCA 7)

designations

All of the buildings and all the surrounding streetscapes are designated as a CA in the DCDP1, as well as the point where College Green meets Westmoreland Street which is designated as an Architectural Conservation Area (ACA) in the DCDP1.

Landuse Zonings

Z5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildings to the north and south of College Green and along Westmoreland Street.

Z8 – CA zoning.

Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Lands zoning applies to grounds at TCD to the east.

description

This area, located between the bottom of Dame Street, the Bank of Ireland building and the main entrance to TCD, is a heavily trafficked junction outside of weekday peak hours, open in character, with traffic coming from the Dame Street area towards the quays and the north side of the city via Westmoreland Street and O’Connell Bridge, and traffic coming in from the north side of the city via College Street towards Dame Street and the Merrion Square area. The entrance to TCD provides a focal point to the space. The visual amenity and townscape character in this area is very high but is, at present, somewhat reduced by the dominating visual impact of road traffic reducing its baseline rating to high.

The area around College Green is characterised by high quality paving for the most part, with a portion of the footpath partially covered by the portico of the Bank of Ireland building. The granite paving is listed in the DCDP1 “to be retained or restored and included in the City Council’s Programme for Restoration”.

There is cobblestone paving at the entrance to TCD, adding to the character and historic nature of this area of the city.

The main tree planting in the vicinity of this portion of the route alignment are the trees, London Plane at the end of Dame Street, on the traffic island adjacent to College Street and the trees located within the grounds of TCD.

High High





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Section 7 Continued

The presence of TCD itself, as well as the Bank of Ireland building, formerly the Parliament House, with its imposing colonnades and curving screen walls onto the corner of College Green gives this area a landscape baseline rating of very high. However, the presence of significant volumes of traffic has the effect of lowering the landscape baseline rating to high and the visual amenity quality of the streetscape from a very high rating to give a visual amenity baseline rating of high.





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Section 8

Westmoreland Street

(LLCA 8)

designations

Westmoreland Street itself and some of the buildings along its eastern edge are designated as a CA in the DCDP1, as well as the buildings on either side of the street and the streetscape itself which is designated as an ACA in the DCDP1.

Landuse Zonings

Z5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildings to the east and west of Westmoreland Street.

Z8 – CA zoning.

description

This is a wide street of predominantly mixed use with traffic accessing the quays, O’Connell Bridge and O’Connell Street to the north of the city. The traffic on Westmoreland Street is dominated by buses moving towards the city centre, with bus stops along the western edge of the street which experiences more pedestrian movement than the eastern side of the street. The pedestrian realm in this area is characterised by footpaths consisting of concrete paving slabs with granite kerb edges, in reasonably good condition with no significant cracking or patching. There is also a line of bicycle racks located on the west side of the street. The side street (Fleet Street) which opens up towards Temple Bar to the west is characterised by cobblestone paving typical of the Temple Bar area. There is some street tree planting along the western edge including a significant double line of trees of good visual character. Trees within the adjacent LLCA of College Green are also visible from this location.

The buildings on the southern end of O’Connell Street and the associated Monument of Light (The Spire) are visible from Westmoreland Street and form the main visual focus to the north. The visual amenity and townscape character in this area is high, due to the scale of the buildings on either side of the street, relative to the street width. However, the presence of significant light and heavy traffic, bus stop signage and street signage has an effect of lowering the quality of the streetscape and its visual amenity, thus resulting in the lower baseline rating of medium for both landscape and visual elements.

Medium Medium





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Section 9

O’Connell Bridge

(LLCA 9)

designations

The area is designated as a CA, and as an ACA in the DCDP1.

Landuse Zonings

Z5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildings either side of the river.

Z11 – A Zoning Objective “To protect and improve canal, coastal and river amenities” applies to the River Liffey.

description

O’Connell Bridge, an important historical feature, is the main pedestrian and vehicular link between the north and south sides of the city. It is a wide, heavily trafficked thoroughfare, divided by a central island with planters and lighting, providing both a visual and physical relief through the middle of the street. This concept extends the whole way up O’Connell Street to the north, by means of a wider central median. The bridge itself is open in character having a high level of visual amenity value and townscape character.

The paving in this area is characterised by concrete paving slabs with a granite kerb edge, with the exception of the central median which is surfaced with macadam and a granite kerb edge, and is in reasonably good condition. There is no significant cracking or patching evident, considering the high levels of pedestrian movement traversing the bridge. The granite kerbing is listed in the DCDP1 “to be retained or restored and included in the City Council’s Programme for Restoration”.

There is some tree planting along the quays on both sides of the river and in the foreground of the view along O’Connell Street.

The bridge itself is an important visual feature at this location crossing the corridor of the River Liffey which divides the city north and south both physically and visually. O’Connell Bridge itself offers views to the east and the west, along the River Liffey corridor.

Given the historic importance of the bridge and adjacent buildings located in an ACA the townscape and visual amenity of this area is very high. However, traffic flows, bus movement, high levels of pedestrian movement, traffic lights, and other streetscape elements lower the overall quality of the streetscape and its visual amenity, thus resulting in the lower baseline rating of high for both landscape and visual elements.

High High





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Section 10

O’Connell Street

(LLCA 10)

designations

The street itself and many of the buildings along it are designated as a CA and also designated as an ACA in the DCDP1.

Landuse Zonings

Z5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildings along O’Connell Street.

description

O’Connell Street is predominantly in retail use and is perceived as the centre of Dublin City. It is a wide heavily trafficked thoroughfare, primarily used by buses and taxis, while also carrying substantial pedestrian movement on the flanking broad footpaths. It conveys traffic through the city centre from both the north and south.

There are various paving finishes which define the pedestrian and vehicular routes. O’Connell Street was refurbished in recent years and this is reflected in the quality of the streetscape. The Luas Red Line along Abbey Street traverses O’Connell Street towards its southern end.

There are trees planted throughout O’Connell Street, including Plane cultivars (Platanus orientalis “Digitata”) spaced along the pavement on each side of the street, and within the central median, Birch (Betula sp.) and Mountain Ash (Sorbus aucuparia) are dominant, adding to the character of the street. Pleached Lime trees are planted to form a square in front of the General Post Office (GPO).

The Spire is the central visual focus along the street and can be seen from a distance, adding a sense of place to the main street and city centre. The GPO also forms a visual focus and is of historic importance with its imposing portico addressing a central public space.

O’Connell Street, Dublin City’s Main Street, containing various historic and Protected Structures such as the GPO, Clerys department store and the various monuments located along the street would have a very high townscape character value and a very high visual amenity. However, the high volume of traffic, in particular the heavy flow of buses, reduces the baseline rating to high for both landscape and visual elements.

High High





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Section 11

Parnell Street

(LLCA 11)

designations

Most of Parnell Street and the buildings along it are designated as a CA, including an ACA at O’Connell Street and Cavendish Row in the DCDP1.

Landuse Zonings

Z4 – District Centres (incorporating Prime Urban Centres) zoning applies to the buildings to the northern edge of Parnell Street.

Z5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildings to the south of Parnell Street and along O’Connell Street and Marlborough Street.

Z8 – CA zoning applies to the buildings along Cavendish Row.

description

Most of Parnell Street experiences a high volume of pedestrian and vehicular traffic coming from Upper O’Connell Street and across O’Connell Street to Parnell Street, and serving some of the major bus routes. The visual amenity and townscape character in this area is low with areas of dereliction throughout. Paving is generally in poor condition and unsightly in places as a result of the amount of chewing gum on the footpath. However, there are granite kerbs in place in parts of the south side of the street. Low quality concrete footpaths dominate the north side of the street. There are no street trees planted in this area. The primary visual features of importance in this location are the Rotunda Hospital building, the Ambassador Theatre and the Parnell National Monument at the top of O’Connell Street, at its junction with Parnell Street. Given the amount of dereliction, poor quality streetscapes and low visual quality throughout the street corridor the baseline rating is low for both landscape and visual elements.

Low Low





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Section 12

Marlborough Street

(LLCA 12)

designations

The west side of Marlborough Street along with some buildings to the east (The Department of Education building and the Abbey Theatre) are designated as an ACA in the DCDP1.

Landuse Zonings

Z5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildings either side of Marlborough Street.

description

The St. Thomas Church of Ireland at the corner of Cathal Brugha Street is the main visual focus at the northern end of Marlborough Street with the Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT), Cathal Brugha Street, St. Mary’s Pro-Cathedral and the Department of Education building dominating the central portion of Marlborough Street, and the Abbey Theatre further to the south. The road corridor crosses Cathal Brugha Street, Talbot Street and traverses Lower Abbey Street and the Luas Red Line before accessing the quays. The southern end of Marlborough Street (from Talbot Street junction) is characterised by a poor quality streetscape, due to derelict buildings and poorly maintained façades. The quality of the streetscape further north along Marlborough Street is improved by the high visual amenity associated with the Department of Education campus and improvements to the streetscape outside the multi-storey car park.

The paving finishes vary throughout this area. However, they are generally of poor visual appearance, with uneven surface finishes and cracked pavements throughout. There is a line of bollards along the pavement outside St. Mary’s Pro-Cathedral.

There are a line of trees, London Plane, planted within the landscaped grounds associated with the Department of Education buildings.

The buildings along Marlborough Street overshadow the southern portion of the street, with the exception of the Department of Education building which provides a visual break at this location.

The church at the corner of Marlborough Street and Cathal Brugha Street, St. Thomas Church of Ireland, provides an interesting visual focus at this location as does St. Mary’s Pro-Cathedral opposite the Department of Education campus, which also adds to the character of the street.

Generally however, there are areas of dereliction, poor quality surface finishes and areas of medium–low visual quality throughout the street corridor resulting in a baseline rating of low for both landscape and visual elements.

Low Low





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Section 13

Eden Quay

(LLCA 13)

designations

The buildings and streetscapes along the quays are designated as a CA, and the area to the east of Eden Quay is designated as an ACA in the DCDP1.

A “road scheme and bridges” zoning objective applies to a portion of the river connecting the quays north and south.

Landuse Zonings

Z5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildings along Abbey Street, Eden Quay and Burgh Quay.

Z11 – A Zoning Objective “To protect and improve canal, coastal and river amenities” applies to the River Liffey.

description

Eden Quay is a busy traffic corridor carrying significant volumes of traffic from the city centre through to the east and northeast of the city. The area takes advantage of the river frontage by means of a boardwalk along the northern bank of the river, which extends further west along the river corridor, upstream of O’Connell Bridge. The wide street corridor facilitates a variety of movement, with a concentration of bus stops generating pedestrian activity. Liberty Hall is located on the eastern end of Eden Quay and provides a visual focus along the quays, dominating the skyline at this location.

The pedestrian realm in this area is characterised by concrete paving slabs with a granite kerb edge and is in reasonably good condition considering the high levels of pedestrian movement and bus stops throughout. There are a line of trees, London Plane, planted along the southern river front, on the other side of the river. The river edge frontage and associated boardwalk provide the main visual focus at this location, and are of high visual amenity value, providing views out over the river towards the curtilage and towards the city centre. The presence of significant volumes of traffic and bus parking has an effect of lowering the quality of the streetscape and its visual amenity, thus resulting in the baseline rating of medium for both landscape and visual elements.

Medium Medium





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Section 14

Hawkins Street

(LLCA 14)

designations

The buildings along the western edge of Hawkins Street are designated as an ACA in the DCDP1.

Landuse Zonings

Z5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildings along Hawkins Street.

description

Hawkins Street is a narrow street, with a relatively low level of traffic movement, and is mainly accessed by bus routes which stop and park along the eastern edge of the street and to the south of the street outside Hawkins House before turning onto Townsend Street.

The paving in this area is characterised by narrow footpaths of poor visual amenity for the most part, with uneven surface finishes and cracks throughout. There are bollards along the eastern edge of the pavement outside Hawkins House and the Screen Cinema, which fronts onto Townsend Street. There is no tree planting provided along Hawkins Street.

The Sheahan Memorial statue to the north of Hawkins Street provides the main visual focus at this location. Much of the streetscape is of poor quality, with intermittent surface car parking, and a poor quality of visual enclosure.

Significant bus parking also lowers the visual amenity and the quality of the pedestrian realm, thus resulting in a low baseline rating for both landscape and visual elements.

Low Low





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Section 15

College Street

(LLCA 15)

designations

The area is designated as a CA in the DCDP1, including some of the streetscapes and buildings to the north of College Street which are also designated as an ACA.

Landuse Zonings

Z5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildings along College Street and adjacent streets to the north.

Z8 – CA zoning and Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Lands zoning applies to the grounds of TCD.

description

This is a heavily trafficked area, visually open in character, with traffic coming in a one-way system from the east side of the city via Pearse Street and from the north via D’Olier Street towards Dame Street and Grafton Street (lower) or Westmoreland Street. The visual amenity and townscape character in this area is very high due to the adjacent TCD campus, Bank of Ireland building and the Westin Hotel.

The main tree planting in the vicinity of this portion of the route alignment are the trees, Norway Maple, London Plane and Holly, located within the boundary of the TCD grounds, and at the junction of College Street and Westmoreland Street, London Plane.

The presence of significant light and heavy traffic has an effect of lowering the quality of the streetscape and its visual amenity, thus resulting in the lower baseline rating of high for both landscape and visual elements.

High High





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Section 16

Parnell Street

(to the west of O’Connell

Street)

(LLCA 16)

designations

All of the buildings along this portion of Parnell Street, and the surrounding streetscape are designated in the DCDP1 as a CA, including an ACA which applies to some of the buildings to the west of Parnell Street.

Landuse Zonings

Z8 – Residential Zoning applies to some of the residential areas to the north of Parnell Street.

Z5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning applies to the buildings to the south of Parnell Street and along Marlborough Street.

Z8 – CA zoning applies to the buildings along Cavendish Row.

Z14 – District Centre (incorporating Prime Urban Centres) applies to the buildings along the northern edge of Parnell Street.

description

Parnell Street is a heavily trafficked street carrying traffic from O’Connell Street and the northeast of the city towards the south quays via Capel Street and the N1 and N2 via Parnell Square West. There are also high volumes of pedestrian traffic along the route due to the many retail stores located along the street – including the ILAC Centre, Moore Street and the Parnell Centre. The visual amenity and townscape character in this area is medium, with areas of dereliction offset by important buildings such as the Rotunda Hospital building and the AIB building.

There is a mix of paving finishes along the footpaths. Between O’Connell Street and Moore Lane there is modular paving with a granite kerb. The paving in this location is generally poor condition.

Between Moore Lane and Moore Street the finish is a mix of modular paving, granite stone paving (at the entrance to Jury’s Hotel) and precast concrete paving slabs with a mix of “slipform” concrete kerbs and granite kerbs.

The paving near Moore Lane, to the south of the street, is in poor condition, while the precast concrete slabs and granite paving are in relatively good condition. There is also a line of cast iron bollards to the edge of the footpath along this section of the footpath to the south of the street. Between Moore Street and Parnell Mall the paving is paviours with slipform concrete kerbs in good condition.

Medium Medium





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Section 16 Continued

There are also bicycle racks and a telephone kiosk located on this section of the street.

Along the middle of Parnell Street is a tree-lined median with modular paving surface finish and “slip-form” concrete kerbs. The paving along the median is in good condition.

There are a number of Lime tree cultivars located along the median and also some tree planting on the grounds of the Rotunda Hospital adjacent to the footpath in this location.

The footpath between Cavendish Row and Parnell Square West, adjacent to the Rotunda Hospital, consists of precast concrete paving slabs with a granite kerb. There is a small portion of stone cobbles at the vehicular entrance to the hospital. To the back of the footpath is the original metal railing set on a granite stub wall forming the boundary to the hospital grounds. The precast concrete paving slabs are in a fair condition, although a number of them are cracked. There is a mix of surface finishes on the footpath between Parnell Square West and Dominick Street Lower. To the front of the recently completed Tesco store on Parnell Street, there are granite paving stones with granite kerbs all in good condition. The remainder of the footpath consists of modular paving with “slipform” concrete kerbs in poor condition and unsightly due to poor maintenance.

There is a line of cast iron bollards along the edge of the footpath at the Tesco store and bicycle racks and a telephone kiosk along the footpath at the Parnell Square West end of the footpath. The road surface itself is asphalt with its associated line markings.

The primary visual features of importance in this location are the Rotunda Hospital building, the AIB building on the corner with O’Connell Street and the Parnell National Monument at the top of O’Connell Street. There are areas of dereliction and low visual quality, in particular around the Moore Lane area of the street and the construction site at the corner with Dominick Street Lower. The view looking northeast along the street takes in the Parnell National Monument at the top of O’Connell Street. Traffic volumes on Parnell Street, setting down areas, poor quality paving and other streetscape elements lower the quality of the streetscape and its visual amenity, thus resulting in a medium baseline rating for both landscape and visual elements.





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Section 17

Dominick Street Lower

(LLCA 17)

designations

A portion of Dominick Street Lower and some of the surrounding buildings are designated as a CA.

Landuse Zonings

Z1 – Residential Zoning.

Z5 – City Centre Mixed Use zoning.

Z8 – CA zoning.

Z13 – Housing Rejuvenation Area applies to the buildings along Dominick Street Lower and adjacent streets.

description

Dominick Street Lower, located between Parnell Street and Bolton Street is a primarily residential street, of medium-rise buildings in the form of flats, with St. Saviour’s Dominican Church and Priory and the Georgian terraces located at the Bolton Street end of the street. St. Saviour’s and the Georgian terraces are part of the original streetscape and are of good quality but are located within the very poor quality streetscape of the southern end of Dominick Street Lower. At the corner of Parnell Street and Dominick Street Lower there is a construction site with a line of site hoarding to the back of the footpath.

The street is relatively wide and open in character with surface car parking on both sides of the street.

To the east of the street there is a narrow footpath with an in situ concrete finish with concrete kerbs all in poor condition. There is a portion of old granite stone paving and granite kerbs in front of St. Saviour’s Dominican Church and Priory, which is listed in the DCDP1 “To be retained or restored and included in the City Council’s Programme for Restoration”.

There is a small portion of modular paving at the vehicular entrance to the church. Between this entrance and Bolton Street the footpath is finished with precast concrete paving slabs.

To the west of the street, between Parnell Street and Dominick Lane, the footpath consists of precast concrete slabs with a granite kerb along the edge, all in fair condition. Between Dominick Lane and Bolton Street the footpath consists of an in situ concrete finish with a concrete kerb in poor condition.

Low Low





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Section 17 Continued

Tree planting to the east of the street is contained within the open space in front of the apartments, Norway Maple and Whitebeam (Sorbus aria) and in the car park of St. Saviour’s Dominican Church and Priory, Rowan, Silver Birch and Norway Maple. To the west, in front of the educational buildings at the Bolton Street end of the street, are a line of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus fastigiata). The primary visual features of importance along Dominick Street Lower are St. Saviour’s Dominican Church and Priory and the Georgian terraces. Given the presence of the unattractive Dominick Street Lower apartments and the large amount of car parking on both sides of the street the baseline rating is low for both landscape and visual elements.





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Section 18

Dominick Street Upper

(LLCA 18)

designations

The King’s Inns and the buildings and green spaces around it are designated as a CA in the DCDP1.

Landuse Zonings

Z1 – Residential (General) zoning applies to the buildings along Dominick Street Upper.

Z2 – Residential (CA) zoning applies to some of the buildings along Mountjoy Street, adjacent to Dominick Street Upper.

Z4 – District Centres (incorporating Prime Urban Centres) zoning applies to some of the buildings along Bolton Street, which divides Dominick Street Upper and Lower.

Z8 – CA zoning applies to buildings around Henrietta Lane, leading up to and including the King’s Inns.

Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Lands zoning applies to the green spaces along the roadside at Constitution Hill and the gated green space associated with the King’s Inns.

description

Dominick Street Upper is an extension of Dominick Street Lower which traverses Bolton Street and is primarily a residential street, of medium-rise buildings in the form of apartments, including Dominick Court located at the Bolton Street end of the street. It is a relatively wide street at the southern end, open in character with car parking on both sides of the street and narrowing considerably as one progresses north. The visual amenity and townscape character of the street is low given the unattractive Dominick Court apartments and the large amount of surface car parking on both sides of the street.

The pedestrian realm is generally in poor condition consisting of footpaths with an in situ concrete finish and concrete kerbs. There is no street tree planting along the street in this location. The baseline rating in this area is low for both landscape and visual elements.

Low Low





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Section 19

Constitution Hill

(LLCA 19)

designations

The King’s Inns and the buildings and green spaces around it as well as the entrance area leading into the Broadstone Bus Depot are designated as a CA in the DCDP1.

Landuse Zonings

Z1 – Residential (General) zoning.

Z2 – Residential (CA) zoning applies to the residential buildings along Phibsborough Road.


Z10 – Inner Suburban (Mixed Use) zoning applies to the Broadstone Bus Depot lands.

description

Constitution Hill is a heavily trafficked road with movement into and out of the north side of the city. The junction at Dominick Street Upper, Western Way and Constitution Hill is characterised by the area of green space with tree planting – Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), Lime and Wild Cherry (Prunus avium). The King’s Inns and its associated green space set behind a high-quality boundary wall and railing provide the main visual focus at this location, as well as the entrance to the Broadstone Bus Depot opposite this. However, the presence of significant volumes of traffic has an effect of lowering the quality of the streetscape and its visual amenity, thus resulting in a low baseline rating for both landscape and visual elements.

Low Low





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Section 20

Broadstone

(LLCA 20)

designations

The entrance area leading into Broadstone is designated as a CAa in the DCDP1. The Grangegorman/Broadstone lands are designated as a Framework Development Area (FDA8) in the DCDP1.

Landuse Zonings


Z2 – Residential (CA) zoning applies to the residential buildings surrounding Broadstone.


Z10 – Inner Suburban (Mixed Use) zoning applies to the Broadstone Bus Depot lands.

Z12 – Institutional Land (Future Development Potential) zoning applies to the Grangegorman site to the west of the Broadstone lands.

The Grangegorman Masterplan applies to the redevelopment of the adjacent Grangegorman site.

description

Broadstone is a busy bus depot with a large surface area characterised by a variety of flat, concrete paved surfaces of varying quality. The structures on site include old warehouse/storage buildings associated with the Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ)/Bus Éireann lands. The original railway terminal building and some curtilage buildings and features on-site are listed as Protected Structures. The presence of the Broadstone building is a significant element in the streetscape and general vista of the area. This is a high quality building that has been poorly maintained. The overall visual amenity value is low but this element is significant and positive.

There are views out towards Constitution Hill and towards the Grangegorman site due to the elevated position of the Broadstone site.

The area is typically used for car and bus parking. There is no vegetation on the site itself and there are elements of dereliction on parts of the site along the Broadstone boundary, thus lowering the quality of the streetscape and its baseline rating of low for both landscape and visual elements.

Low Low




Table 22.5 Baseline categorisation – Area 30: Former Broadstone railway cutting to Broombridge


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Section 21

Former Broadstone

railway cutting to North Circular Road crossing

(LLCA 21)

designations

There are no specific zoning designations at this location.

Landuse Zonings


Z2 – Residential (CA) zoning applies to the residential areas surrounding and backing onto the cutting at this location.

Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Lands zoning applies to the green space within the adjacent residential estate, Great Western Square.

Z10 – Inner Suburban (Mixed Use) zoning applies to lands at Broadstone.

description

The former Broadstone railway cutting is an old, disused railway cutting commencing from the northwestern corner of the Broadstone Bus Depot. Its alignment runs parallel to the rear of the houses at Great Western Square to the north and Rosemount Road to the south. The cutting is typically characterised by dense, overgrown and unmanaged vegetation and grass growth. Butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii) is a typical species of urban areas on disused land and is common along the alignment. Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica) is frequent along the former Broadstone railway cutting and is an invasive species or weed. It out-competes native species creating areas of negligible ecological value which are species-poor. There are views into the cutting at this location from the first floor of the houses overlooking the cutting, and backing onto it on either side, and from the overbridge at North Circular Road (Protected Structure). Views out along the proposed route alignment are confined within the extent of the cutting. It can be characterised as a derelict landscape.

The derelict nature of the landscape and the limited views both in and out of the site have the effect of lowering the quality of the landscape and its visual amenity, thus resulting in a very low baseline rating for landscape element and very low for the visual element.

Very low Very low




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Section 22

North Circular Road crossing to Cabra Road

crossing

(LLCA 22)

designations


Landuse Zonings


Z2 – Residential (CA) zoning applies to the residential areas at this location.

description

This area is located between the North Circular Road and the Cabra Road, both main traffic arteries, which cross over the cutting via overhead road bridges. The North Circular Road in particular is a heavily trafficked route, carrying traffic in and out of the north side of the city. The cutting below the road at this point is characterised by dense, overgrown, unmanaged vegetation and grass growth. There was evidence of illegal dumping at the backs of houses spilling over into the cutting, and contributing to the visual dereliction. There are views into the cutting at this location from the houses located at St. Peter’s Avenue overlooking the cutting and from the overbridges. It can be characterised as a derelict landscape.

The derelict nature of the landscape, the evidence of back-yard dumping and the limited views in and out of the site have the effect of lowering the quality of the landscape and its visual amenity, thus resulting in a very low baseline rating for the landscape element and very low for the visual element.

Very low Very low





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Section 23

Cabra Road to Fassaugh Road

cutting

(LLCA 23)

designations


Landuse Zonings


Z2 – Residential (CA) zoning applies to the residential areas surrounding and backing onto the cutting at this location.

description

The Cabra Road to Fassaugh Road cutting is typically characterised by dense, overgrown, unmanaged vegetation and grass growth, flooded in parts and with evidence of illegal dumping and littering throughout, and a generally low level of visual amenity.

In effect, it can be characterised as a derelict landscape. The derelict nature of the landscape, the evidence of dumping and the limited views in and out of the site has the effect of lowering the quality of the landscape and its visual amenity, thus resulting in a very low baseline rating for the landscape element and very low for the visual element.

Very low Very low





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Section 24

Fassaugh Road to Royal Canal

(LLCA 24)

designations

The Royal Canal and the green spaces surrounding it to the north of the cutting are designated as a CA in the DCDP1.

Landuse Zonings

Z1 – Residential (General) zoning applies to the residential areas surrounding and backing onto the cutting at this location.

Z2 – Residential (CA) zoning applies to the residential areas adjacent to Mount Bernard Park.

Z3 – Neighbourhood Centres zoning applies to a small area along Fassaugh Road.

Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Lands zoning applies to Mount Bernard Park which backs onto the cutting along its eastern edge and to the lands surrounding the Royal Canal to the north of the cutting.

Z11 – Waterways Protection zoning applies to the Royal Canal.

description

Most of the surrounding area is made up of residential use on either side of the cutting in this section, as is the case for most of the cutting. However, a portion of this section of the cutting runs adjacent to a public park, Mount Bernard Park. There was evidence of illegal dumping at the backs of houses spilling over into the cutting at the time of the site visit; this was evident at many parts along the cutting, contributing to the low visual amenity.

There are views into the cutting at this location from the first floor of the houses overlooking the cutting, with gardens backing onto it on either side, and from the open space associated with Mount Bernard Park.

The derelict nature of the landscape, the evidence of back-yard dumping and the limited views in and out of the site have the effect of lowering the quality of the landscape and its visual amenity, thus resulting in a very low baseline rating for both landscape and visual elements.

Very low Very low





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Section 25

Former Broadstone

railway cutting adjacent to the

Royal Canal

(LLCA 25)

designations

The Royal Canal and the green spaces surrounding it are designated as a CA in the DCDP1 and as a pNHA.

Landuse Zonings

Z1 – Residential (General) zoning applies to the residential areas surrounding the cutting and adjacent lands.

Z6 – Employment/Enterprise (Light) zoning applies to the industrial areas to the south of the Royal Canal.

Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Lands zoning applies to the lands surrounding the Royal Canal.

Z11 – A Zoning Objective “To protect and improve canal, coastal and river amenities” applies to the Royal Canal.

description

This area is dominated by the corridor of the Royal Canal and the associated green spaces and walkways flanking it. The main landuse in the contiguous area is predominantly light industrial. There is a pedestrian walkway along the eastern bank of the canal. The Iarnród Éireann Maynooth railway line crosses the canal within this section of the proposed alignment. Views into the industrial buildings north and south of the canal visually degrade this area.

To the north of Mount Bernard Park the proposed scheme continues in a northwesterly direction, terminating to the east of Broombridge adjacent to Broombridge Railway Station. To the northwest of Mount Bernard Park there is an area of derelict open space located between the proposed scheme and the Royal Canal.

This area has become overgrown with scrub vegetation and is showing evidence of trespass in the form of worn tracks through the vegetation and also littering.

Backing on to the route alignment to the southeast, are the two-storey houses located along St. Attracta Road with views in towards the proposed scheme from the first floor level of these houses. Located further to the northeast of the proposed scheme are Prospect Cemetery and the Claremont Housing adjacent to the Finglas Road.

Low Low





RATINg LANdSCAPE


AMENITy

Section 25 continued

The route corridor narrows at the northern end of the derelict open space where the proposed scheme runs parallel to the railway line and the Royal Canal. This area is predominantly industrial in use with the proposed scheme contained between Broombridge Industrial Estate located to the north and the industrial units located along Bannow Road to the south. Views in towards the proposed scheme from the canal corridor are visually buffered by the tree planting, primarily Hawthorn and Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) along the elevated embankment of the canal and by the palisade fencing located between the canal and the existing railway line. Longer distance views are obstructed by the industrial development located adjacent to the route alignment. Views in towards the proposed scheme from this area are confined to the view from Broombridge and views in from the existing railway line.

The primary visual and recreational amenity in this area is the Royal Canal and its associated walkway. While the canal corridor offers a high level of recreational amenity, the landscape and visual quality is diminished by littering along the canal and the graffiti on the adjacent walls, buildings and bridges. The visual quality is further reduced by the adjacent poor quality industrial buildings with typical palisade fencing and razor-wire topped boundary walls.

The industrial nature of the landscape and the element of dereliction as well as the limited views in and out of the site have the effect of lowering the quality of the landscape to a low baseline rating and the visual amenity baseline rating to low.





RATINg LANdSCAPE


AMENITy

Section 26

Former Broadstone

railway cutting adjacent to the Royal Canal to Broombridge

(LLCA 26)

designations

The Royal Canal and the green spaces surrounding it are designated as a CA in the DCDP1 and as a pNHA.

Landuse Zonings

Z1 – Residential (General) zoning applies to residential areas south of the Royal Canal and south of industrial lands at this location.

Z6 – Employment/Enterprise (Light) zoning applies to the industrial areas to the north and south of the Royal Canal.

Z9 – Amenity/Open Space Lands zoning applies to the lands surrounding the Royal Canal.

Z11 – A Zoning Objective “To protect and improve canal, coastal and river amenities” applies to the Royal Canal.

description

The Royal Canal is flanked by green space on either side of its banks. The Iarnród Éireann Maynooth railway line to and from the city and further afield, crosses over the Royal Canal onto lands at Broombridge. The Broombridge Railway Station is poor in terms of visual amenity, with an element of dereliction at this location. The dense scrub vegetation either side of the railway line and the canal acts as a buffer zone between it and the surrounding industrial landuses adjacent to the subject site.

While the canal corridor offers a high level of recreational amenity the industrial nature of the landscape and the element of dereliction have the effect of lowering the quality of the landscape to a very low baseline rating and its visual amenity to a very low baseline rating.

Very low Very low




22.5 REFERENCES1 Dublin City Council (2005) Dublin City

Development Plan 2005–2011. Dublin: Dublin City Council.

2 Environmental Protection Agency (2002) Guidelines on the Information to be Contained in Environmental Impact Statements. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency.

3 Environmental Protection Agency (2003) Advice Notes on Current Practice in the Preparation of Environmental Impact Statements. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency.

4 The Landscape Institute/Institute of Environmental Assessment (2002) Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment 2nd Edition. London: E&FN Spon.

5 Highways Agency (1994) Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, Vol. 11, Environmental Assessment. London: HMSO.

6 Arboricultural Association (2003) Visual Amenity Valuation of Trees and Woodland (the Helliwell System) Guidance No. 4. Gloucestershire: Arboricultural Assocation

7 National Roads Authority (2008) Environmental Impact of National Road Schemes – A Practical Guide – Rev 1 2008. Dublin: National Roads Authority.

8 National Roads Authority (2005) A Guide to Landscape Treatments for National Roads Schemes in Ireland. Dublin: National Roads Authority.

9 Railway Procurement Agency (RPA) Luas Broombridge Tree & Hedgerow Surveys (2008/2009).

10 British Standards Institute (2005) British Standard 5837 :2005 – Trees in Relation to Construction. Hertfordshire, UK: British Standards Institution.

Dominick

Broadstone - DIT

Phibsborough

Grangegorman

Cabra

Parnell

Marlborough

O’ConnellUpper

O’Connell - GPO

Westmoreland

Trinity

Dawson


Broombridge

23 MATERIAL ASSETS: ARChAEOLOgy ANd CuLTuRAL hERITAgE23.1 Introduction ...............................................................499


23.3 Baseline categorisation criteria ...............................50123.3.1 Importance of the baseline environment .....................50123.3.2 Sensitivity of the baseline environment .......................50223.3.3 Existing adverse effects on the baseline environment 50223.3.4 Baseline rating ............................................................503

23.4 description of the receiving environment ..............50323.4.1 Archaeological and historical background ...................503

23.5 description and categorisation of the baseline environment ...............................................51123.5.1 Summary of the baseline environment ........................51123.5.2 Description of the baseline environment .....................51123.5.3 Categorisation of the baseline environment ................515

23.6 References .................................................................57823.6.1 Literary sources ...........................................................57823.6.2 Cartographic sources ..................................................58223.6.3 Electronic sources .......................................................585

BASELINE


MATERIAL ASSETS: ARChAEOLOgy ANd CuLTuRAL hERITAgE

23.1 INTROduCTIONThis is the Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of the Luas Broombridge Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). This chapter describes and evaluates the existing archaeology and cultural heritage environment that is likely to be impacted by the proposed scheme.

Section 39(2)(b) of the Transport (Railway Infrastructure) Act, 2001 specifies that an EIS must contain a description of the aspects of the environment that are likely to be significantly affected by a proposed scheme. This chapter of the EIS has been prepared in order to fulfil the requirement to address the archaeological and cultural heritage aspect of the environment.

Prior to compiling this chapter, a number of planning and policy documents were reviewed to ascertain if the documents contain any plans, policies or objectives relating to archaeology and cultural heritage. The following documents have been reviewed:

■■ National Heritage Plan (Department of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands, 2002)

■■ Dublin City Heritage Plan 2002–2006 (Dublin City Council (DCC), 2002)

■■ Dublin City Development Plan (DCDP) 2005–2011 (DCC, 2005)

■■ Phibsborough/Mountjoy Local Area Plan 2008 (DCC, 2008)

The results of this review are detailed in the Planning and Policy Context chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 3).

23.2 BASELINE ASSESSMENT METhOdOLOgy23.2.1 IntroductionThe baseline environment is defined as the existing environment against which future changes can be measured. This section presents the methodology used in assessing the baseline archaeology and cultural heritage environment. The scope for the assessment has been informed by consultation with An Bord Pleanála (ABP), statutory consultees, bodies with environmental responsibility and other interested parties. The methodology has been devised in consideration of the following guidelines:

■■ Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidance with respect to EISs (EPA, 2002, 2003)

■■ Architectural Heritage Protection, Guidelines for Planning Authorities (Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (DoEHLG), 2004)

■■ Guidelines for the Assessment of Architectural Heritage Impacts of National Road Schemes (National Roads Authority (NRA), 2005)

■■ Guidelines for the Assessment of Archaeological Heritage Impacts of National Road Schemes (NRA, 2005)

■■ Code of Practice between the DoEHLG and the Railway Procurement Agency (RPA) (DoEHLG, 2007)

■■ Framework and Principles for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (Department of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands, 1999)

The general baseline assessment methodology is defined in the Methodology chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 5). The baseline archaeological and cultural heritage environment has been defined through a desktop study, consultation with relevant stakeholders and field surveys. The baseline environment is then categorised using the criteria outlined in Section 23.3 and baseline ratings are assigned. These baseline ratings are subsequently used in the Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage impact assessment chapter of this EIS (Books 2 and 3, Chapter 14) to help determine the impact significance.

23.2.2 Study areaThe study area has been defined with reference to the potential impact from the proposed scheme and the availability of relevant information. The dimensions of the study area are shown in Table 23.1.




Table 23.1 Study area


CRITERIA WIdTh OF STudy AREA (ON BOTh SIdES OF ThE ALIgNMENT)

National Monuments, archaeological sites recorded in the Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) and their respective constraint areas

100m in developed areas

Areas of archaeological potential 100m in developed areas

Industrial heritage sites 100m in developed areas

Monuments and features of cultural heritageWithin respective streetscape traversed by proposed alignment

Townland boundaries 50m


General information

Dublin City: Sources for Archaeologists (DCC, 2005).

Cartographic sources of Dublin City Archives, DCC, National Library of Ireland (NLI), Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Ordnance Survey Ireland (OSI) (refer to references at the end of this chapter for complete list of cartographic sources consulted).

Documentary sources of University College Cork, TCD, Dublin City Archives, NLI, DCC and other sources (refer to references at the end of this chapter for complete list of literary sources consulted).

National Monuments and their constraint areasConsultation with National Monuments Service, DoEHLG.

Location and description of RMP sites and their constraint areas

Ordnance Survey (OS) 6 inch map, sheet DN018 of the RMP, (DoEHLG).

Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) Archive containing aerial photographs, early maps, OS memoirs, Office of Public Works (OPW) Archaeological Survey notes and other relevant information.

Field survey of proposed alignment undertaken by Headland Archaeology (Ireland) Ltd. in 2009.

Areas of archaeological potential

Aerial photographs of OSI (IGN-R-21/4550 taken on 24th May 2001) and aerial photographs provided by RPA.

RPA (2008) EIS – Metro North Volumes 1–3.

Field survey of study area undertaken by Headland Archaeology (Ireland) Ltd. in 2009.

Industrial heritage sites Dublin City Industrial Heritage Record (DCIHR).



23.2.4 difficulties encounteredThere were no difficulties encountered.

23.3 BASELINE CATEgORISATION CRITERIAThis section of the baseline report categorises the baseline archaeology and cultural heritage environment. The baseline environment is assigned a baseline rating based on importance, sensitivity and existing adverse effects of the receiving environment. Each of these three terms is explained in detail in this section. The professional opinion of the specialist also plays an important role in assigning the baseline rating. The baseline rating will subsequently be used in the impact chapter to determine the likely significance of impacts which is discussed in detail in the Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural

Heritage impact assessment chapters of this EIS (Books 2 and 3, Chapter 14).

23.3.1 Importance of the baseline environmentEach RMP site, National Monument and its associated constraint area is identified by a unique Recorded Monument reference number which is assigned by the National Monuments Service of the DoEHLG. These sites are represented on the respective county’s RMP map as well as on the county/city development plan. The National Monuments Act 1930–2004 does not differentiate between archaeological sites on the basis of relative importance. Consequently, each RMP site, National Monument and its associated constraint area is considered to be of very high importance.


Monuments and features of cultural heritage and townland boundaries.

Field survey of study area undertaken by Headland Archaeology (Ireland) Ltd. in 2009.The Encyclopaedia of Dublin. (Bennett, 2005).History of Monuments O’Connell Street Area (DCC, 2003).From O’Connell to Parnell (DCC, 2006).OS Name Books for County Dublin (O’Donovan, 1843).1st Edition 6 inch OS map of Dublin (1843).2nd Edition 25 inch OS map of Dublin (1911).

Location and description of artefacts discovered within the study area.

Topographical files (National Museum of Ireland (NMI) 2009).Acquisitions 1795 to 1995 – finds from the city and county of Dublin in the Irish Divisions of the National Museum of Ireland (Breen, 1995).Other published catalogues of recovered archaeological material:Irish Bronze Age Swords (Eogan, 1965).Irish Bronze Age Hoards (Eogan, 1983).Goldwork (Eogan, 1994).Bronze Axe Heads (Eogan, 2000).Irish Bronze Age Artefacts (Harbison, 1968).Iron Age Antiquities (Raftery, 1983).The Irish Stone Axe Project Database (School of Archaeology, University College Dublin (UCD)).Early Bronze Age Halberds and Daggers (Harbison, 1969a).Early Bronze Age Axes (Harbison, 1969b).

Records of previous archaeological excavations.

Consultation with National Monuments Service (DoEHLG).Bennett, I. (1970–2008) (Ed.) Excavations 1970–2005: Summary accounts of archaeological excavations in Ireland.




Archaeological and cultural heritage sites may also be designated as Protected Structures under Section 51(1) of the Planning and Development Act, 2000. Section 51(1) provides for the creation of a Record of Protected Structures (RPS), the purpose of which is to record structures of special architectural, historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific or technical interest in each respective county/city development plan. This legislation does not differentiate between Protected Structures on the basis of relative importance, therefore all archaeological and cultural heritage sites that are Protected Structures are considered to be of very high importance.

Areas of archaeological potential are identified through an examination of cartographic, aerial photographic and documentary evidence. Additionally, topographical features noted during field walks and high concentrations of artefacts and/or RMP sites within the vicinity can also indicate areas of archaeological potential. Given the potential for previously unrecorded subsurface remains within these areas, each identified site of archaeological potential is considered to be of high importance.

Industrial heritage sites recorded in the DCIHR are not afforded statutory protection unless they are designated as a RMP site, National Monument or Protected Structure. However, it is the policy of DCC, through its establishment of the DCIHR, “to protect the buildings and features of industrial heritage in situ, and their related artefacts and plant where appropriate” (DCDP 2005–2011: Policy H25). Consequently, all industrial heritage sites included in the DCIHR that are not afforded statutory protection are considered to be of high importance.

Aspects of Ireland’s cultural heritage within the study area are represented by statues and plaques which commemorate and celebrate significant historical people and events. Additionally, many also serve to commemorate and celebrate day-to-day elements of Dublin City life. All monuments and features of cultural heritage within the study area that have no designated legal protection are regarded as being of high importance.

Townland boundaries are important cultural heritage features in the landscape. Evidence of these features is usually identifiable in the pattern of field boundaries (e.g. boundary walls, fences, ditches and embankments), roads and natural landscape features such as rivers and streams. In view of the information they provide concerning past territorial and political boundaries, they are regarded as being of high importance.

The nature of archaeology is such that unrecorded subsurface material may be present in almost any area, regardless of the absence of any above-ground indications. Therefore, all other areas within the study area are considered to be of medium importance.

23.3.2 Sensitivity of the baseline environmentArchaeological material assets are considered to be a non-renewable resource and cultural heritage material assets are generally considered to be location sensitive. In this context any change to their environment, such as construction activity and ground disturbance works, could adversely affect these sites and could result in irreversible damage or removal. As such, all archaeological and cultural heritage material assets are considered to have very high sensitivity.

23.3.3 Existing adverse effects on the baseline environmentDue to their legal status, existing adverse effects on RMP sites, National Monuments and archaeological and cultural heritage sites designated as Protected Structures were not considered regardless of their present condition or extent. Additionally, existing adverse effects, such as damage to the integrity of a monument or feature of cultural heritage, were not considered as such effects do not impact on the cultural significance or function of these sites.

Existing adverse effects have been considered for industrial heritage sites that are not afforded statutory protection. The presence or absence of extant remains as well as the potential for associated subsurface material has been taken into account and for the purposes of this report these sites have been divided into two categories:

■■ Industrial heritage sites that are not afforded legal protection for which extant remains exist and/or there is potential for the presence of associated subsurface remains; rated as high

■■ Industrial heritage sites that are not afforded legal protection for which no above-ground evidence remains and where it is considered there is low or no potential for associated below-ground remains; rated as medium

Existing adverse effects have also been considered with regard to townland boundaries because above-ground, as well as below-ground remains have often been removed. For this reason, townland boundaries have been divided into two categories based on the presence/absence of extant remains and/or the potential for subsurface evidence:



■■ Townland boundaries that have extant remains and/or for which there exists potential for subsurface evidence to be present; rated as high

■■ Townland boundaries for which no above-ground remains survive and where there is low or no potential for the presence of subsurface remains; rated as medium

23.3.4 Baseline ratingThe baseline rating of the existing archaeology and cultural heritage environment is determined by having regard to the range of criteria which reflect its importance, sensitivity and existing adverse effects of the baseline environment. The criteria that have been defined are shown in Table 23.3.

23.4 dESCRIPTION OF ThE RECEIVINg ENVIRONMENT23.4.1 Archaeological and historical backgroundAn overview of the archaeological and historical background of the study area and its receiving environment is provided in this section. The aim of this section is to present the findings of a detailed desktop study, which included a review of literary and cartographic sources, results of previous archaeological investigation and the topographical files, as well as a field inspection of the study area

in order to assess and illustrate the archaeological potential of the area.

A detailed description outlining the chronological development of each street and townland traversed by the proposed alignment is included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS.

23.4.1.1 Prehistoric period (c. 8000BC–Ad400)Although evidence of prehistoric activity within Dublin city centre is limited, a number of excavations have yielded results which demonstrate that the area which now comprises the capital was undoubtedly settled during the prehistoric period.

During this period the area in which present-day Dublin is situated was characterised by the tidal reaches of the River Liffey and its associated tributaries, including the Stein River, Poddle River and the Bradoge River. Before the major land reclamations of the post-medieval period, the River Liffey was significantly wider than it is today, especially to the east of central Dublin and would have frequently flooded beyond its banks. There were, therefore, probably significant areas of tidal and riverine mudflat. Excavation evidence reveals the human utilisation and

Table 23.3 Criteria for baseline categorisation


RMP sites, National Monuments and their associated constraint areas.

Industrial heritage sites that are afforded legal protection.

Monuments/features of cultural heritage that are afforded legal protection.

Very high

Areas of archaeological potential.

Industrial heritage sites that are not afforded legal protection, for which extant remains exist and/or where there is potential for the presence of associated subsurface remains.

Townland boundaries for which extant remains exist and/or where there is potential for the presence of subsurface remains.

Monuments/features of cultural heritage that are not afforded legal protection.

High

Industrial heritage sites that are not afforded legal protection, for which no above-ground evidence remains and where there is low or no potential for the presence of subsurface remains.

Townland boundaries for which no above-ground evidence remains and where there is low or no potential for the presence of subsurface remains.

All other areas.

Medium



management of this environment during the prehistoric period.

Archaeological monitoring and excavation carried out at Spencer Dock, North Wall Quay in 2004 revealed evidence of wooden fish traps, stake rows and miscellaneous pieces of worked wood dating to the late Mesolithic period (McQuade, 2004). Evidence of riverside management dating to the Bronze Age and Iron Age period has been identified at Clancy Barracks in the suburb of Kilmainham (Lohan, 2009). The excavator has suggested that a succession of riverside timbers and a platform comprised a revetment or dock (Lohan 2009, 78). The environmental evidence from this site indicates a dynamic river edge with some evidence for over bank flooding, natural carr woodland and reed beds (Lohan 2009, 143). The site also showed evidence of meadow or pasture land in close proximity (Lohan 2009, 143).

Further indication of Bronze Age activity within present-day Dublin City is provided by evidence of a burnt mound, dated to the early to mid-Bronze Age, which was excavated at Hammond Lane/Church Street (Cryerhall 2003 and 2006, 15). While examination of a map provided by Waddell (2000, 142: Figure 56.2) showing the distribution of “Bowl Tradition” pottery in Ireland, illustrates that at least eight “Bowl Tradition” burials have been identified within Dublin City. Waddell (1990, 81) makes reference to one of these burials which was identified in 1857 at No. 2 Suffolk Street, Dublin. Waddell states that the burial was variously described as “a clay urn full of bone” and a cist-tomb containing besides a skeleton, “a funerary urn containing bones” (Little in Waddell 1990, 81). This burial is significant to the current assessment as its location demonstrates that there was Bronze Age activity approximately 100m from the proposed alignment. Additionally, two stray finds, which date to the Bronze Age period, are recorded from locations falling within the study area. These comprise a flat bronze axe head from TCD (EIS Find No. 08 included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS) and a bronze palstave also from TCD (EIS Find No. 10 included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS).

Iron Age evidence within present-day Dublin City has been identified in the form of a riverine timber embankment and an adjacent hurdle platform/track located at Ormond Square where the Bradoge River meets the River Liffey (Bolger, 2010). The environmental evidence from this site indicated that the embankment and track lay within a dynamic riverside environment with carr woodland and freshwater pools. Scrub woodland and pasture lay in close proximity (Bolger 2010, 35–36). It has been

suggested that the embankment and track were constructed to help manage the riverside environment and provide access to riverside resources. There is evidence that with the construction of these features, the local environment became more stable with less frequent flooding (Bolger 2010, 38).

Taking the above evidence into account, as well as considering the city’s proximity to an open bay in addition to the Rivers Liffey, Poddle and Stein, it cannot be discounted that the area comprising present-day Dublin City was settled throughout the prehistoric period.

23.4.1.2 Early medieval period (c. Ad400–790)During the early medieval period, the site of present-day Dublin served as a focal point for long distance routes throughout Ireland. These routes included the Slighe Chualann from Leinster, the Slighe Dála from Munster, the Slighe Mór from Connaught and the Slighe Midluachra from Ulster (O’Donovan and O’Corráin in Clarke 1990, 57), all of which intersected in the area occupied by the present city. With its commanding position in the system of terrestrial communications, coupled with its proximity to an open bay as well as to the Rivers Liffey, Poddle and Stein, the site had obvious settlement potential. In addition, an important ford allowed access across the River Liffey which served to further heighten the site’s appeal (Clarke 1990, 58).

During this period, two settlement clusters developed on either side of the Poddle River. Both areas, respectively, known as Átha Cliath and Dubhlinn derive their names from distinctive topographical features: Átha Cliath translates as “the ford of the hurdles” (Clarke 1990, 58); and Dubhlinn translates as “Black Pool”. “The ford of the hurdles” would have enabled crossing of the river at low tides, while the “Black Pool” refers to a tidal pool that was associated with the Poddle River during the early medieval period (Clarke 1990, 58). The garden of Dublin Castle now occupies the approximate site of this pool (Clarke, 1978).

The earliest reference to Átha Cliath is found in a 6th century poem (O’Brien in Clarke 1990, 58); a second reference is provided in Adomnán’s Life of Colum Cille which was probably written between AD688 and AD692 (Anderson in Clarke 1990, 58). The settlement likely comprised a small fishing and farming community. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that a number of early medieval churches had established themselves here (Clarke 1990, 59). Furthermore, it has been speculated that a pre-Viking era ringfort occupied the site of the present castle, at



the terminus of Slighe Mór, and that the Átha Cliath settlement may have co-existed with this fort by producing and supplying food and goods for its use. In the context of kingship practice that prevailed in Ireland from early medieval times, it is highly probable that a king was installed at Átha Cliath as it occupied a strategic topographical location (Clarke 1990, 38).

The settlement of Dubhlinn, which was located around the terminus of Slighe Dhála, comprised an ecclesiastical or quasi-ecclesiastical community that would have been ruled by bishops and/or abbots. Possible evidence of this ecclesiastical enclosure is visible today in the pattern of streets in the Aungier Street area. Aungier Street itself was erected across the site during the 17th century. It is postulated that the circumference of the ecclesiastical enclosure followed the pattern of Peter Row, Whitefriar Street, Stephen Street Upper as well as Lower and Upper Johnson Street (Clarke 1995, 86); the course of the remaining eastern section of the site is no longer identifiable due to modern development. The nature of the ecclesiastical centre would have generated further activity and settlement within the site’s vicinity. For instance, a variety of craftsmen would have been required for the community and it is probable that these settled in the surrounding area. In addition, evidence suggests that a number of churches were scattered outside, as well as inside, the enclosure (Clarke 1995, 87).

With the arrival of the Vikings in AD841, the potential of these two distinct settlement clusters (Átha Cliath and Dubhlinn) was used to form the nucleus of the political and economic centre that was to become Dublin City.

23.4.1.3 Viking period (c. Ad790–1171)According to the Annals of Ulster, the first Viking settlement at Dublin was founded in AD841 with the establishment of a longphort, the characteristic fortified ship harbour of the Norsemen. Evidence to date suggests that the longphort was situated on the site of Dublin Castle (Simms 2001, 28–30). Although expelled from Dublin in AD902, the Norsemen returned in AD917 and successfully set about re-consolidating their power in the area. This second settlement seems to have been largely focused on the Lord Edward Street area. Influenced by the contemporary expansion of the Viking-age trading network, the Norsemen had, by the second half of the 10th century developed the area into what may be referred to as a town. This settlement, referred to as Dún Duibhlinne (Simms 2001, 26–27), was protected by two parallel earthen ditches, archaeological evidence of which has been identified. The ditches

dated to c. AD950 and c. AD1000, respectively (Simms 2001, 31). The enclosed area comprised approximately 5.5ha. During the first half of the 11th century, the earth and timber defences were extended westwards to enclose an area twice as big, whilst also incorporating part of the old Átha Cliath community. Towards the end of the 11th century, the earthen and timber defences of the town were replaced by a stone fortification (Thomas 1992, 90; Wallace 1995, 89).

During this time, the political geography of the area changed significantly. Rather than being defined as a border settlement bound by feuding clans and owing much of its status to important terrestrial as well as aquatic crossing points, it became the focal point of a substantial-sized territory where new centralised economic and political power flourished. During this period of Viking domination, Dún Duibhlinne began to successfully establish itself in the European trading arena thereby sowing the seed for its economic growth and consequential urban expansion.

Evidence for Viking period activity, or potential Viking period activity, has been identified at three locations within the study area. The first of these is the area including and within the vicinity of the former “Thingmote” (AC24) which was located towards the eastern end of present-day Dame Street, to the south of College Green. The “Thingmote” was where the Dublin Vikings conducted their political assemblies and evidence suggests that there were a number of burial mounds, presumably that of Scandinavian Kings of Dublin, located within its vicinity. In addition to providing a focus for assemblies, it is probable that martial games and possibly the execution of prisoners of war also took place in its shadow (Somerville-Large 1996, 10). The “Thingmote” comprised an artificial conical hill recorded as being 240 feet in circumference and 40 feet high (Haliday 1881, 163) and may itself have originated as a grave mound (Bradley and King 1989, Vol. III, Part 5, 151). It was levelled in 1685 and no evidence has been identified to indicate the precise location of the associated grave mounds, although one is recorded as still being extant in the 17th century (Harris in Clarke 2002b, 3).

A second Viking feature known to have been located within the study area is the Steine or “Long Stone” (AC36). This was a standing stone erected c. AD841 where the Stein River meets the River Liffey at the present-day junction of College Street, D’Olier Street and Pearse Street. The Steine probably acted as a navigational marker for Viking sailors approaching Dún Duibhlinne (Simms 2001, 21) and as an indicator of the original edge of the River Liffey. In addition, it has been suggested that light vesseled ships were



cabled to this monument (Curtis 1990, 102). The stone gave its name to the Stein River and to the area in which it lay in the vicinity of the present-day College Street, D’Olier Street and Pearse Street junction. This monument stood on the edge of the River Liffey into the 17th century and is depicted on the Down Survey (c. 1654). It was removed sometime between 1679 and 1700. Four Viking iron spearheads and a single-edged Viking sword have also been recovered from the College Street area (EIS Find No. 11 included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS).

The third location of Viking period activity within the study area has been identified in the vicinity of Parnell Square and Mountjoy Square. During the 18th century a possible Viking cemetery (AC71) was disturbed during the construction of the Rotunda Hospital on Parnell Street and associated pleasure grounds. The first known record of this discovery comes from the Dublin Magazine dating to June 1763 (SMR Archives), which refers to numerous finds of spears, swords and rivets associated with vast numbers of human bones found during construction of the “New Gardens” (now the Rotunda Gardens). The same article and a later piece by Traynor (1897, 106) links these finds with the Battle of Clontarf fought in AD1014 between the High King Brian Boiromhe and the Dublin Vikings under Sigtrygg Silkenbeard. The Battle of Clontarf is known to have been fought on the north side of the River Liffey, opposite the Viking town and resulted in the defeat of the Vikings, but at the cost of many lives, including that of Brian Boiromhe. Part of the potential location of this burial site is incorporated within the study area.

23.4.1.4 Anglo-Norman and later medieval periods (c. 1171–1550)With the Anglo-Norman colonisation of Dublin in 1171, the prominent role played by the Viking town in the European trading sphere decreased for a period. Effectively, Dublin was now the instrument of an English lordship that had a new focus. New innovations such as an independent municipal government as well as a greater emphasis on a dominating ecclesiastical presence were introduced. Inevitably, the social and political fabric of medieval Dublin was transformed. This transformation was also reflected in the changing fabric of the urban landscape. The existing Norse town walls were elaborated and modified. A royal castle, initially adopting the form of a motte and bailey, was constructed in the southeastern corner of the Hiberno-Norse walls on the site of the present-day Dublin Castle. The walled town was later further enlarged by means of land reclamation from the River Liffey during the 13th century (Thomas 1992, 91) and a stone

bridge, west of present-day O’Connell Bridge, was built across the River Liffey, replacing the wooden structure which had been previously erected by the Vikings.

As with the Viking settlement, the medieval town was not confined to the interior of the town walls. Four main suburbs developed: Oxmantown to the north of the town, Hoggen Green to the east, the area surrounding present-day Thomas Street and James’s Street, as well as the ecclesiastical suburb that developed around St. Patrick’s Cathedral (Clarke 1995, 91–92). During this time, the eastern suburb of Hoggen Green, which would have been partially located within the study area, was centred on two monastic houses, each of which had been founded in the pre-Anglo-Norman period. These were the Arrosian convent of St. Mary de Hogges, founded by Diarmait mac Murchada, King of Leinster in c. 1146 and the Augustinian Priory of All Hallows (AC27), also established by Diarmait mac Murchada in 1166 (Budd 2001, 1) on the site of present-day TCD.

In addition to the Augustinian Priory of All Hallows, a number of sites dating to the Anglo-Norman and later medieval periods have been identified within the study area. A chapel known as the Chapel of St. Clement (AC34) was possibly located within the vicinity of the Stein River between the River Liffey and the Augustinian Priory of All Hallows (McNeill 1950, 56). In one of the Deeds in the register of this priory it is described as lying “before the Gate” of All Hallows (Butler 1845, 28). A watermill referred to as the Steine Mill (AC29) is recorded on the Stein River outside the present-day west front of TCD. The first record for this mill dates to 1276 (Clarke 2002a). This mill was likely to have been associated with a mill pond (AC25) shown on Speed’s map (1610) as lying on the Stein River, to the immediate west of TCD in the area of present-day College Green.

In addition, a bridge (AC23), which possibly dates to the medieval period, is depicted over the Stein River in the general vicinity of Suffolk Street on Speed’s map (1610). A tiled medieval pavement (AC35), part of which is now in the NMI, was also found during the building of the Provincial Bank (now the Westin Hotel) on College Street in 1862. The fact that these tiles were found in situ suggests that there was an important medieval site on the spot. However, subsequent excavations carried out in this area have not recovered further evidence to support this (included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS).

Throughout the 14th century, events such as the Bruce Invasion in 1315–1317 and the Black Death in 1348



challenged the consolidation of Anglo-Norman power in Dublin and left an imprint on the urban landscape. When under threat of siege by the Bruce army in 1317, the mayor of Dublin City ordered the western suburb along Thomas Street and James’s Street to be set on fire (Clarke 2005, 16). Other suburbs were also affected and were burnt or razed to the ground (Clarke 2005, 16). This event had a lasting impact on the suburbs as redevelopment of these areas appears to have been very slow compounded by the onset of the Black Death in 1348. The principal thoroughfares appear to have been reconstructed; however redevelopment appears to have been limited (Clarke 2005, 16). Thus the picture that emerges of 14th century Dublin City is one of a depopulated city, partially in a ruinous condition, with very little development taking place.

The 15th century witnessed a further decline in the social and economic fabric of the town, a situation which was exacerbated by the turbulent political climate that developed as Irish chieftains began to reassert themselves. The insecurity that this environment generated led to extramural gateways being constructed, especially from the 1450s onwards, to provide a degree of protection from those who provided a threat to the inhabitants of the town (Casey 2005, 17). These extramural gateways were focused on the exposed western side of Oxmantown and on the south of the medieval town (Purcell 2005, 193).

The dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII in the early 16th century further aggravated this already strained climate and had a profound effect on the development of Dublin; although evidence suggests that the monasteries were already in decline from the latter half of the 15th century onwards.

Two excavations undertaken within the study area have identified medieval activity. Part of a graveyard deposit presumed to relate to the Priory of All Hallows’ at Library Square was identified in 1998 (EIS Excavation No. 19 included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS) and a waterfront with timbers, possibly mooring posts, that could have been associated with the medieval waterfronts of the River Liffey and Stein River was uncovered in the College Street/Fleet Street/Westmoreland Street area (EIS Excavation No. 28 included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS). Amongst the medieval finds retrieved during the latter excavation were a late medieval spoon and a small quantity of medieval pottery.

Additionally, two stray finds dating to the Anglo-Norman and later medieval periods have been identified within the study area. These finds comprise

a glazed potsherd from St. Stephen’s Green (EIS Find No. 02 included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS) and a bronze pin from College Street (EIS Find No. 13 included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS).

23.4.1.5 Post-medieval period (c. 1550–1700) Speed’s map (1610) provides a useful depiction of Dublin and its suburbs at the early/mid post-medieval period as this map post-dates the dissolution of the monasteries in the 1530s and precedes the major urban expansion that took place in Dublin after the restoration of Charles II in 1660. Speed’s map (1610) shows that there was very little urban development to the east of the medieval walled city. Development in these areas is shown to have been characterised by the establishment of substantial religious houses including the former ecclesiastical precincts of St. Mary’s Abbey to the north of the River Liffey and the Priory of All Hallows’ (AC27) and convent of St. Mary de Hogges’ to the south.

During the post-medieval period the College of the Holy Trinity (TCD), established in 1592, was initially housed in the former Priory of All Hallows’ buildings (dating to the 12th century). Speed’s map depicts the “The Colledge” (AC28) within this site. Speed also depicts “The Hospitall” (AC30) to the northwest of the college, which was built for poor, sick and maimed soldiers in 1602. This site is now occupied by the Bank of Ireland. In order to connect the college with the castle, which had become the seat of Government, a new street, Dame Street, was built (Simms 2001, 59). In essence however, economic growth of the town was limited until the mid-late 17th century.

With the restoration of Charles II to the English throne in 1660, the town entered a new era of prosperity. A dramatic expansion and development of the town ensued, influenced by new European ideals of town planning. As the city extended beyond its walls, its centre and focus shifted northwards and eastwards into the areas that fall within the study area. Comparison of Speed’s map (1610) with De Gomme’s map (1673) indicates that significant areas of land had been reclaimed from the River Liffey on its south side and that development around St. Stephen’s Green and between TCD and the old medieval city was underway during the later post-medieval period.

The development of the deep water port of Dublin and a new Custom House to the east of the old city wall encouraged the reclamation of large areas of land from the River Liffey to accommodate new quays, commercial properties and warehousing. This is especially apparent on the south bank of the River Liffey to the north of TCD. Prior to the 17th



century reclamation, the south bank of the River Liffey reached the approximate line of present-day Fleet Street. De Gomme’s map (1673) shows that as a result of the reclamation work, the southern river front had been moved approximately to its current location at Aston Quay. De Gomme also shows that land reclamation had been undertaken in the area north of the River Liffey by this time. De Gomme shows little in the way of development in these newly reclaimed areas; however, by the close of the 17th century thriving new quays had become established at these locations.

By 1700 much of the old medieval city, including the city walls, had been demolished during the new burst of civic development that was carried out at this time. The new development also quickly swallowed up the former medieval common lands, such as Hogges Green (now College Green) located within the study area (Lennon 2008, 3). The new residential, civic and commercial development was undertaken by private individuals and civic authorities, which consequently led to a fragmented landscape emerging. The area to the west of the old city walls was characterised by new suburban developments and the area to the east by private estates. The area within the site of the city walls itself still comprised of narrow, winding streets which made a stark contrast to the mainly gridded pattern of the new city built around it (Lennon 2008, 7).

An early example of the entrepreneurial nature of the late 17th century development of Dublin could be observed in the area formerly occupied by St. Mary’s Abbey. Here the Jervis Estate had, by 1685, laid a new grid pattern of streets which quickly became a fashionable and gentrified district (Lennon 2008, 4). Similar gentrified development took place around a new park at St. Stephen’s Green. This new park soon became a popular amenity for strolls and other social pursuits (Somerville-Large 1996, 102). The space between the park and the centre of the town remained, however, largely undeveloped at this time.

By 1700 Dublin was, therefore, well on the way to becoming a thoroughly modernised metropolis and commercial centre. Although there are few surviving structures of this date within the study area, there is a recognised potential for there being buried remains of buildings and structures dating to this period around St. Stephen’s Green, on Dawson Street, Grafton Street, College Green, College Street/Westmoreland Street/Fleet Street, Hawkins Street, Aston Quay, Eden Quay and the southern sections of Marlborough Street and O’Connell Street.

Fourteen excavations undertaken within the study area have recorded evidence for post-medieval activity (detail included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS). Evidence for 17th century land reclamation has been identified in the College Street/Westmoreland Street/Fleet Street area (EIS Excavation Nos. 27 and 28), Townsend Street/Luke Street (EIS Excavation Nos. 31 and 32), D’Olier Street (EIS Excavation No. 35), Aston Quay (EIS Excavation No. 38), O’Connell Street (EIS Find Nos. 41, 48 and 49) and Middle Abbey Street (EIS Excavation No. 43). In addition, post-medieval finds in riverine deposits were recovered at Eden Quay (EIS Excavation No. 40) and the remains of two limestone walls and a dry stone lined well were discovered at St. Stephen’s Green West (EIS Excavation Nos. 01, 06 and 07).

Eleven stray finds, recorded from within the study area, can be attributed to the post-medieval or industrial period (detail included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS). These finds comprise post-medieval pottery with bone and shells from St. Stephen’s Green North (EIS Find No. 01), ceramic tiles, a curling pin, smoking pipes, a wooden block, a glazed tile, a pavement tile, a glass bottle and a ceramic vessel from College Street (EIS Find Nos. 01, 17, 18, 20–25 and 30–31) and a Slater’s combination tool from Cabra (EIS Find No. 34).

23.4.1.6 Industrial period (c. 1700–1900)With the onset of the 18th century, Dublin and its immediate hinterland continued to experience rapid growth and quickly became an imposing metropolitan and commercial centre, in keeping with its status as a national capital (Lennon 2008, 5). There is significant evidence within the study area for the industrial period development of Dublin.

By 1728, the urban area through which the study area passes essentially extended from St. Stephen’s Green to the south to present-day Parnell Street to the north. Rocque’s map (1756) indicates that this urban area had expanded to the line of present-day Dorset Street in the northwest by the mid-18th century. Examination of Duncan’s subsequent map in 1821 shows that by this time, urban development extended south of the River Liffey eastwards from St. Stephen’s Green to the approximate vicinity of the newly constructed Grand Canal. North of the River Liffey, urban development had spread eastwards approximately as far as present-day Amiens Street/North Strand. To the north, the urban area was delineated by the newly laid out Circular Road.



Development carried out during the 18th century continued to be driven mainly by private enterprise, though there was the occasional civic authority intervention. By the close of the 18th century there were loosely defined zones of residential, commercial and civic importance. These included the city’s ceremonial focus which extended from the old city via Dame Street and College Green to TCD (Lennon 2008, 5) and the development of the area to the north of the River Liffey as a fashionable residential area and seat of commerce. Despite the fragmented nature of its development, Dublin became known for the relative uniformity of its new residential buildings, which comprised mainly of three bayed, four storey, brick townhouses over basements (Lennon 2998, 7).

Between 1707 and 1728 new building ventures were undertaken by the Moore estate to the north of the River Liffey in the area between Liffey Street and Marlborough Street. This was centred around the cruciform axes of Drogheda Street (now Lower O’Connell Street) and Henry Street. The area was further developed by the Gardiners and the changes executed during this time are evident through comparison of Brooking’s map (1728) with Rocque’s map (1756). This comparison shows that large-scale development had taken place between 1728 and 1756. The area to the north and northeast of Drogheda Street (now Lower O’Connell Street) and Marlborough Street had been developed and the newly laid out Sackville Street (now Upper O’Connell Street) with its central mall is shown on this map. Sackville Street was planned as a residential mall and promenade by Luke Gardiner in the 1740s. To the north end of the mall Rocque depicts the New Gardens as well as the Lying-In Hospital and Assembly Rooms (now the Rotunda Hospital). The New Gardens were in turn bounded to the north, east and west by Palace, Cavendish and Granby Rows (which would later comprise Rutland Square) (Casey 2005, 43). Thus it can be seen that the area to the north of the River Liffey began to establish itself as one of commerce and residence during this period. With regard to the area lying to the east of the mall, Rocque’s map (1756) shows that the area to the east of Marlborough Street was predominantly undeveloped and comprised a patchwork of lots; a number of streets are, however, represented in this general area. Rocque’s map (1756) also indicates that the northwestern limit of urban expansion at this date followed the approximate line of present-day Dorset Street; a rural patchwork of fields and orchards is shown beyond this location.

With the establishment of the House of Parliament (now the Bank of Ireland, College Green) on the south side of the River Liffey, this largely undeveloped

area also underwent rapid urban expansion during the early 18th century. The driving forces behind this began with Joshua Dawson who, in the first two decades of the 18th century, initiated the development of the area comprising present-day Dawson Street, Grafton Street and Nassau Street by constructing the Mansion House (AC9) in 1710. By 1728 the Molesworth Estate was continuing this development eastwards around St. Ann’s Church (AC13). The most significant development to the south of the river at this time was the construction of Kildare House, which began in 1745 (Casey 2005, 43). Although preceded by Molesworth Street, Kildare House is regarded as being the progenitor of Kildare Street and Clare Street and of later development on the Fitzwilliam Estate (Casey 2005, 43). Rocque’s map (1756) shows that St. Stephen’s Green lay in the extreme southeastern corner of mid-18th century Dublin and that a rural patchwork of fields lay to its east and south.

As a consequence of this rapid growth, the urban landscape comprised settlement clusters and pockets of commerce and trade that were poorly connected due to insufficient transport links. The routeways that did exist were heavily congested. In response to this, a 1757 Act of Parliament provided for the establishment of the Commissioners for the Making of Wide and Convenient Streets and Passages, otherwise known as the Wide Street Commissioners (WSC) (Sheridan 2001a, 69). This organisation was fundamental in laying the foundations of the physical characteristics of the modern city. The main achievements of the WSC were the widening and rebuilding of parts of Dame Street, the creation of Westmoreland Street, D’Olier Street, the building of Carlisle (now O’Connell Bridge) and the expansion of Lower Sackville Street (now O’Connell Street) down to the River Liffey. This development necessitated large-scale removal of the existing structures in the affected areas in order to facilitate widening of the existing streets/lanes and/or to construct entirely new streets. In consequence of this, it is possible that subsurface material associated with the structures, which were razed to the ground during this period, is present beneath the aforementioned streetscapes (AC26, AC39 and AC65).

Throughout this period, the city also began its development of public buildings; for instance, the Rotunda Hospital dating to 1751–1757 on Parnell Street, the western front of TCD (AC28) dating to the 1750s, St. Thomas’s Church (AC68) dating to 1758 on Marlborough Street, the Provost’s House dating to 1759–1761 in TCD, the Four Courts (1776–1802) on Inns Quay, the Custom House (1780s) on Custom House Quay, and King’s Inns (1800–1817) on



Henrietta Street. These new civic centres provided foci for the city’s new streets. Thus a shift from the old medieval core and the development of a multi-centred city, guided by the work of the WSC, is evident.

The mid-18th century to late 19th century saw the introduction, development and subsequent decline of large-scale transport networks; canals in the mid to late 18th century, railways in the mid 19th century and tramlines in the late 19th century. Construction of the Royal and Grand Canals in the mid and late 18th century provided huge impetus to the economic and industrial growth of the city and its hinterland. The Royal Canal (AC108), which runs adjacent to the northwestern portion of the proposed alignment, was built by the Royal Canal Company whose objective was to build a canal from Dublin to Tarmonbarry on the Shannon (Delany 1992, 28–29). Construction work began in the spring of 1790 (Delany 1992, 31) in the vicinity of the 7th canal lock and proceeded simultaneously westwards towards Ashtown and eastwards towards the River Liffey. Work on the canal was slow but it was eventually completed in its entirety in 1817. By 1796 trade boats and passenger services commenced between Dublin and Kilcock on the line.

Broadstone Harbour, formerly located in the forecourt of the Bus Átha Cliath (BAC) Phibsborough Garage, was opened in 1806. This harbour was linked to the main Royal Canal via the Broadstone Branch, which was carried across the junction of Phibsborough Road/Constitution Hill on Foster Aqueduct, an Egyptian revival style bridge designed by Millar and Ruddery (Casey 2005, 282).

As the success of the canal enterprise grew, so too did the economic growth of the Phibsborough area and the region experienced a hive of industrial activity. A new canal company was formed under the Act of Parliament in 1818 and named the New Royal Canal Company. However, the Royal Canal had never been able to compete with its rival, the Grand Canal, and, in 1845, it was sold to the Midland and Great Western Railway (MGWR) for £298,059 (Delany 1992, 137).

Initially it was proposed that s railway line be constructed in the bed of the Royal Canal (Delany 1992, 137). This was later decided against and construction of a railway line commenced parallel to the canal. Although it had not been a prime motivator, the canal offered a convenient transport system for the delivery of necessary building equipment and materials during the construction phase. The new MGWR Terminus was established at Broadstone. The railway company architect was John Skipton Mulvany who held the post until 1850. He submitted designs

for the station terminal building, overlooking the Broadstone Branch and Harbour, in 1846 and work continued until completion in 1850 (Bennett 2005, 27). In 1861, George Wilkinson carried out a major reconstruction of the station including a new carriage shelter and waiting rooms accessed by a cast-iron colonnade. By 1863, this branch of the MGWR extended from Broadstone in Dublin via Broombridge to Athlone, Galway, Sligo and Clones in County Monaghan.

When the Act of Parliament had authorised the takeover in 1845 (Delany 1992, 137), a Board of Control had been granted powers to ensure that the canal would remain open to traffic (Delany 1992, 72). As it transpired, this was a necessary act as it was not long before the MGWR competed for dominance over the canal. The railway company quickly realised it was cheaper for them to transport goods by rail rather than paying the toll on the canal. Thus the stage was set for an inevitable battle whereby the MGWR attempted to assert its dominance over the canal in a bid to transfer trade to the railways. The railway company soon established their superiority and during the late 19th century the canal went into rapid decline (Delany 1992, 152–175). With the ensuing demise of the canal, the railway company applied for and obtained legislation in 1877 empowering them to infill Broadstone Harbour and a section of the Broadstone Branch running west from the eastern side of Constitution Hill/Phibsborough Road and in front of the MGWR (Broadstone) station terminal building. This area was subsequently used to construct a new forecourt and new approach road to the station terminal building (Delany 1992, 165). The section extending from the eastern side of Constitution Hill/Phibsborough Road north to Circular Road was later infilled in 1927 and now consists of a tree lined linear park running alongside the road. This park is known as the “Royal Canal Park” or “Broadstone Park” (AC85).

In 1925, 26 separate railway companies operating in the Irish Republic were amalgamated to form the Great Southern Railway (GSR). The MGWR thus became part of the GSR (Delany 1992, 174). In 1944 this body was amalgamated with Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ).

As a result of competition from the railways, and the railway company’s reluctance to exert sufficient effort in ensuring its success, the Royal Canal went into decline. It was taken over by CIÉ in 1944 when the GSR was amalgamated with this company. The remainder of the Broadstone Branch of the Royal Canal was infilled in 1956. Although trade on the



Royal Canal decreased significantly, it remained in use until 1961 when it was officially closed (Delany 1992, 174). On 1st July 1986, together with the Grand Canal and Shannon Navigation, the Royal Canal system became the responsibility of the Department of Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht and was under the aegis of “Dúchas”, The Heritage Service. In 1999 Waterways Ireland was established, the statutory remit of which is to manage, maintain, develop and restore the inland navigable waterways, principally for recreational purposes.

The Dublin tramway system was opened between 1874–1876 and in its heyday was the seventh largest tramway network in the world and regarded as being the most efficient of its type in Europe. The system was electrified in 1898–1899. The Dublin tramway system initially consisted of two interlinked lines. These comprised the line, which ran from St. Stephen’s Green to Nelson’s Pillar (the site of which is now occupied by the Spire) on O’Connell Street (AC4), which opened in 1874, and the line that ran from Nelson’s Pillar to Phoenix Park (AC66), which opened in 1876. The tramline system was closed between 1938 and 1940 and no surviving physical remains associated with it were noted during the Headland Archaeology (2009).

Many of the excavations undertaken within the study area have recorded industrial period deposits (details included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS). Between St. Stephen’s Green and Parnell Street these have included significant evidence for the urban expansion of Dublin through the 18th and 19th centuries. This has included evidence for early 18th century land reclamation on both banks of the River Liffey. North of Parnell Place, material associated with the Royal Canal and the MGWR has been recovered (EIS Excavation No. 63 included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS; RPA 2009a).

Numerous stray finds of industrial period date have been reported from within the study area and are discussed in the post-medieval section (Section 23.4.1.5) The majority of these finds have been recorded from the vicinity of College Street (EIS Find Nos. 17–18, 20–25, and 30–31).

23.4.1.7 Modern period (c. 1900 to present)During the first half of the 20th century Dublin City consisted of poverty-stricken and disease-ridden tenement slums set against a backdrop of a poorly regulated administrative system. The impoverished conditions during this period were exacerbated by the outbreak of the First World War, the 1916 Easter Rising, the War of Independence and the Irish Civil

War and later the Second World War. During the 1960s, the Irish Government sought to address this grave accommodation problem by clearing existing Georgian structures on streets such as Dominick Street, Gardiner Street and Summer Hill and re-housing tenement residents in newly erected modern apartment blocks.

Inevitably, development of the city has continued to the present-day. However, current urban expansions and transformations are undertaken within frameworks that seek to protect the archaeological, as well as the architectural heritage of this culturally rich city. When one considers the destruction to the historical fabric of this city that has already taken place, the necessity to ensure that Dublin’s remaining heritage is treated with respect and in accordance with current legislation and DoEHLG guidelines becomes clear.

A detailed outline of the chronological development of each street and townland traversed by the proposed alignment is included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS. This description incorporates an evaluation of the landuse and topography of each street and townland prior to its development, the subsequent evolution of each street and townland up to present-day and the way in which each street and townland changed overtime. This evaluation enables the identification of areas where subsurface remains of demolished structures may be present beneath the current streetscape.

23.5 dESCRIPTION ANd CATEgORISATION OF ThE BASELINE ENVIRONMENT23.5.1 Summary of the baseline environmentA full listing and description of all archaeological and cultural heritage sites located within the study area is shown in Tables 23.5 and 23.6. A summary of all sites is presented as shown in Table 23.4. The site locations (marked by their National Grid Reference (NGR)), area extents and townland boundaries are depicted and illustrated on maps (Baseline Archaeological and Cultural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS.

23.5.2 description of the baseline environment For the purpose of this section, Area 29 has been divided into the following six subsections:

■■ St. Stephen’s Green North to Grafton Street

■■ Grafton Street to Eden Quay

■■ Eden Quay to Cathal Brugha Street

■■ Cathal Brugha Street to Dominick Street Lower



■■ Dominick Street Upper to Constitution Hill

■■ Constitution Hill to the former MGWR cutting at Broadstone

Significant archaeological and cultural heritage constraints identified for the baseline environment are noted for Area 29 and Area 30, respectively in these sections. The description of the baseline environment should be read in conjunction with the maps (Baseline Archaeological and Cultural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS.

23.5.2.1 Area 29: St. Stephen’s green to former Broadstone railway cutting St. Stephen’s green North to grafton StreetWithin this area the proposed alignment traverses St. Stephen’s Green West and North, Dawson Street, Nassau Street and the northern end of Grafton Street. The entire area falls within the Zone of Archaeological Potential (ZAP) for the historic city of Dublin (AC1). In addition, the St. Stephen’s Green to Nelson’s Pillar tramline (AC4) which operated from 1874 to 1938 traversed this area. There are 21 further archaeology and cultural heritage constraints located within the study area at this locality which are described in detail as shown in Table 23.5.

Significant archaeological constraints identified at St. Stephen’s Green include a former Quaker burial ground (AC3) located on the western side and St. Stephen’s Green Park (AC2), the origins of which can be traced back to medieval times. The park and its surrounding railings, pavements, bollards and lampposts are a designated National Monument. Two areas of archaeological potential have also been identified located at the junction of St. Stephen’s Green North/Grafton Street (AC5) and at the junction of St. Stephen’s Green North/Dawson Street (AC6). There are no significant cultural heritage constraints in this locality.

Significant archaeological constraints identified on Dawson Street include two dwellings (AC8, AC11), the Mansion House which was built in 1710 (AC9), St. Ann’s Church (AC13) which was constructed c. 1720 and possible subsurface remains of two dwellings that were levelled in c. 1725 (AC14 and AC15). One cultural heritage constraint has been identified on this street, a Ulysses plaque (AC18), which is one of 14 bronze plaques unveiled in 1988 to mark the route taken by Leopold Bloom in the eighth episode of Ulysses. This one is set in the pavement outside 51c Dawson Street.

Table 23.4 Summary of the baseline environment

SITE TyPE SuMMARy OF ThE BASELINE ENVIRONMENT

National Monument and RMP sites.

4 National Monuments and the constraint area of 1 National Monument are located within the study area. These are St. Stephen’s Green, the Daniel O’Connell Monument, the William Smith O’Brien Monument, the Charles Stewart Parnell Monument along with 4 cast iron bollards and 14–17 Moore Street respectively.

A substantial part of the study area is situated within the historic city of Dublin which is designated as an RMP site (DU018-020).

A further 40 RMP sites have been identified within the study area, including 9 which are also designated as Protected Structures and 2 which are recorded in the DCIHR.

Areas of archaeological potential.10 areas of archaeological potential have been identified within the study area.

Industrial heritage sites.46 industrial heritage sites, all of which are recorded in the DCIHR, are present within the study area. 11 of these sites are designated as Protected Structures and 2 are designated as RMP sites.

Cultural heritage sites.14 monuments/features of cultural heritage are located within the study area. Of these, 1 is designated as a Protected Structure.

Townland boundaries. 6 townland boundaries are located within the study area.



Significant archaeological constraints identified on Nassau Street and Grafton Street include St. Patrick’s Holy Well (AC20), which reputedly dates to the 5th century, the former site of Augustinian All Hallows Priory (AC27) which was dissolved in 1538 and TCD (AC28) which first opened in 1592. Two significant cultural heritage sites have been identified in this locality, a Ulysses plaque (AC21) set in the pavement outside No. 2 Grafton Street and the Molly Malone Monument (AC22) which was unveiled in 1988 and depicts a fictitious fishmonger.

grafton Street to Eden quayWithin this area the proposed alignment traverses College Green, Westmoreland Street, College Street, Hawkins Street, Aston Quay, Bachelors Walk, Burgh Quay and Eden Quay. The entire area falls within the ZAP for the historic city of Dublin (AC1). In addition, the St. Stephen’s Green to Nelson’s Pillar tramline (AC4) which operated from 1874 to 1938 traversed this area. There are 32 further archaeology and cultural heritage constraints located within the study area at this locality which are described in detail as shown in Table 23.5.

The area comprising College Green, Westmoreland Street and College Street has been identified as an area of high archaeological potential (AC26) due to the density of RMP sites and finds dating to the Viking and medieval period and cartographic evidence suggesting the potential presence of subsurface remains dating to the 17th and 18th century.

Significant archaeological constraints identified at College Green and College Street include the former Augustinian All Hallows Priory (AC27) and TCD (AC28). Other significant archaeological constraints identified on College Green include a watermill site (AC29) with associated millpond (AC25) dating to at least the 13th century and a multiperiod site (AC30) which includes an early 17th century hospital site, a dwelling site, a gate house site, a bawn site, a parliament site as well as an early 18th parliament house (which is now the Bank of Ireland). Other significant archaeological constraints identified on College Street include the “Challoner’s Corner” (AC32), which is a small graveyard adjacent to TCD Chapel containing graves dating to c. 1710, a medieval chapel site (AC34), ecclesiastical remains comprising part of a tiled medieval pavement found in situ (AC35) and the site of a Viking “Long Stone” (AC36). At the present-day intersection of College Green and Westmoreland Street, a bridge site (AC31) crossing the now culverted Stein River has been identified as a significant archaeological constraint.

Four significant cultural heritage constraints have been identified in the vicinity of College Green, Westmoreland Street and College Street. These include three Ulysses plaques (AC33, AC42 and AC44), the People’s Island (AC45) which comprises a series of brass, bronze and concrete footprints and bird tracks and a modern sculpture (AC37) commemorating the Viking “Long Stone”.

Significant archaeological and cultural heritage constraints identified on Hawkins Street include an area of archaeological potential (AC39), the usher statue at the Screen Cinema which was erected in 1988 (AC38) and the Patrick Sheahan Monument (AC48) which was unveiled in 1906 in commemoration of Patrick Sheahan, a member of the metropolitan police force who died in 1905 in the line of duty.

Significant archaeological and cultural heritage constraints identified at the quays include an area of archaeological potential (AC50) located on Burgh Quay where subsurface remains of late 18th and early 19th century structures may be present, Aston Quay (AC49), O’Connell Bridge (AC51) which was constructed in 1876–1880 to extend the width of an earlier bridge dating to 1795 “Carlisle Bridge” at the same location, Bachelors Walk/Eden Quay (AC54), the “Iron Key” (AC55) and a 17th century burial site (AC57). Additionally, one significant cultural heritage constraint, a Ulysses plaque (AC52), is located on O’Connell Bridge.

Eden quay to Cathal Brugha StreetWithin this area the proposed alignment traverses O’Connell Street Lower, the southern end of O’Connell Street Upper and Marlborough Street as far as its junction with Cathal Brugha Street. The entire area falls within the ZAP for the historic city of Dublin (AC1). There are 13 further archaeology and cultural heritage constraints located within the study area at this locality which are described in detail as shown in Table 23.5.

Significant archaeological and cultural heritage constraints identified on O’Connell Street Lower and the southern end of O’Connell Street Upper include the Daniel O’Connell Monument (AC56), unveiled in 1882, the William Smith O’Brien Monument (AC61), unveiled in 1870, both of which are designated National Monuments, the site of a glass house (AC58) which dates to at least the 18th century, the site of the St. Stephen’s Green to Nelson’s Pillar tramline (AC4) which operated from 1874 to 1938 and the tramline which ran from Nelson’s Pillar to Phoenix Park (AC66) which operated between 1876 and 1940. Additionally, O’Connell Street Lower and O’Connell Street Upper



have been identified as an area of archaeological potential (AC65) due to the likely presence of subsurface remains associated with 18th century dwellings. Two significant cultural heritage constraints have been identified on these streets, the Taxi Man’s Shrine (AC67) which was erected by the taxi drivers around the time of the Eucharistic Congress in 1932 and a Ulysses plaque (AC59) set in the pavement outside No. 49 O’Connell Street Lower.

One significant archaeological constraint has been identified on Marlborough Street, the site of St. Thomas’s Church and its associated graveyard (AC68). There are no cultural heritage constraints located on this street.

Cathal Brugha Street to dominick Street LowerWithin this area the proposed alignment extends along the northern end of O’Connell Street Upper, the northern end of Marlborough Street, Parnell Street and Dominick Street Lower. The majority of this area falls within the ZAP for the historic city of Dublin (AC1). There are 10 further archaeology and cultural heritage constraints located within the study area at this locality which are described in detail as shown in Table 23.5.

Significant archaeological and cultural heritage constraints identified at the northern end of O’Connell Street include the Charles Stewart Parnell Monument, Four Cast Iron Bollards and a plaque (AC72) which are collectively designated as a National Monument and part of the site of a tramline which ran from Nelson’s Pillar to the Phoenix Park (AC66). This site also extends onto Parnell Street. One significant archaeological constraint has been identified at the northern end of Marlborough Street, the site of St. Thomas’s Church and its associated graveyard (AC68). There are no significant cultural heritage constraints located on this street.

Significant archaeological constraints identified on Parnell Street include a possible Norse cemetery (AC71) which may be associated with the Battle of Clontarf in AD1014 and Parnell Street itself which is regarded as being an area of archaeological potential (AC73) due to the fact that there may be remains of 18th century structures beneath the current streetscape. Dominick Street Lower has also been identified as an area of archaeological potential (AC76) for the same reason. There are no significant cultural heritage constraints located on these streets.

dominick Street upper to Constitution hillWithin this area the proposed alignment traverses Dominick Street Upper, Western Way and Constitution

Hill. In addition to the ZAP for the historic city of Dublin (AC1), there are 12 archaeology and cultural heritage constraints located within the study area at this locality which are described in detail as shown in Table 23.5.

Significant archaeological constraints identified on Dominick Street Upper include a small section of the ZAP for the historic city of Dublin (AC1) and Dominick Street Upper itself (AC76) has been identified as an area of archaeological potential due to the potential for subsurface remains dating to at least the early 18th century being present beneath the current streetscape. There are no significant cultural heritage constraints located on this street.

Significant archaeological and cultural heritage constraints identified on Western Way and Constitution Hill include an area of archaeological potential (AC84) around the vicinity of the Constitution Hill/Western Way junction where it is possible that subsurface remains associated with structures visible on Rocque’s map (1756) and Duncan’s map (1821) are present, a small section of the ZAP for the historic city of Dublin (AC1), the Royal Canal Bank (AC85) which was built c. 1956 on the site of a section of the former Broadstone Branch of the Royal Canal, Foster Aqueduct (AC86) which was erected at the beginning of the 19th century and the Grangegorman East/Dublin City townland boundary (AC90).

Constitution hill to former Broadstone railway cuttingWithin this area the proposed alignment extends across the site of the former MGWR Terminus (AC89) which is now in use as a bus depot by CIÉ. In addition to the ZAP for the historic city of Dublin (AC1), there are nine archaeology and cultural heritage constraints located within the study area at this locality which are described in detail as shown in Table 23.5.

Significant archaeological and cultural heritage constraints identified here include a small section of the ZAP for the historic city of Dublin (AC1), the site of Foster Aqueduct (AC86) which was erected at the beginning of the 19th century, the infilled Broadstone Harbour and Broadstone Branch of the Royal Canal (AC88), the former Broadstone station terminal building and associated structures which were opened in the mid 19th century to serve as a terminus for the MGWR (AC89), the site of two engine sheds (AC91 and AC92), a statue of the Virgin Mary (AC87) which was erected in 1953, the Grangegorman East/Dublin City townland boundary (AC90) and a possible burial site (AC93) that may contain unmarked cholera graves dating from the 1830s.



23.5.2.2 Area 30: Former Broadstone railway cutting to BroombridgeWithin this area the proposed alignment extends along the line of the former MGWR cutting (AC95) through the townlands of Grangegorman East, Grangegorman Middle, Grangegorman North and Cabragh at which point it reaches its terminus just east of Broombridge Road. There are 25 further archaeology and cultural heritage constraints located within the study area at this locality, a number of which are associated with the former MGWR (AC95). These are described in detail as shown in Table 23.6.

Significant archaeological constraints located in this area include the former MGWR (AC95) which, as mentioned previously, extends from Grangegorman East to Cabragh. This railway line was opened in 1847 and continued in use for public transport up until 1937. Substantial remains of the railway cutting boundary and retaining walls survive along with associated bridges and other features.

Significant archaeological and cultural heritage constraints identified in Grangegorman East include a railway overbridge built c. 1846 to carry the North Circular Road (AC96) over the former MGWR cutting and the site of a townland boundary between Grangegorman East and Grangegorman Middle (AC97).

Significant archaeological and cultural heritage constraints identified in Grangegorman Middle include a railway overbridge built c. 1846 (AC98) to carry the Cabra Road over the former MGWR cutting, the site of a former railway overbridge built c. 1846 (AC99) to carry Fassaugh Road/Connaught Street over the former MGWR cutting and the site of a townland boundary between Grangegorman Middle and Grangegorman North (AC100).

Significant archaeological and cultural heritage constraints identified in Grangegorman North include the site of a coal yard (AC102), a twin arch railway tunnel (AC104) which was opened in 1877 as part of the Great Southern and Western Railway (GSWR) but which now carries the Phoenix Park railway line under the Royal Canal, the former Liffey Junction railway station (AC113) which opened in 1864, the Royal Canal and its associated towing path (AC108) which also extends into Cabragh and the site of a townland boundary between Grangegorman North and Cabragh (AC115).

Significant archaeological and cultural heritage constraints identified in Cabragh include the Broombridge canal bridge (AC116) built c. 1790, the

Broombridge railway overbridge (AC117) built c. 1846 and the site of a townland boundary between Cabragh and Ballyboggan South (AC119).

23.5.3 Categorisation of the baseline environmentA summary of the baseline categorisation for Area 29 is shown in Table 23.5 and for Area 30 in Table 23.6. The location of sites (National Monuments, RMP, industrial heritage and cultural heritage sites) is marked on maps (Baseline Archaeological and Cultural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS by a point referencing their NGR as shown in Tables 23.5 and 23.6. Both the location and extent of areas of archaeological potential, the ZAP for Historic Dublin (AC1) , Broadstone Canal+Harbour (AC88), the MGWR Terminus at Broadstone (AC89) the MGWR (AC95), and the Royal Canal (AC108) are depicted as shaded areas as illustrated on maps (Baseline Archaeology and Cultural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and a dashed boundary line is used to depict the location and extent of townland boundaries.



Table 23.5 Baseline categorisation: Area 29 St. Stephen’s Green to former Broadstone railway cutting

AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS

SITE dESCRIPTIONBASELINE

RATINg

1

Central Dublin

OS DN018

315824/ 233418

RMP

DU018-020

historic City, Zone of Archaeological Potential (ZAP) for dublin City

The majority of Dublin city centre falls within the ZAP for Historic Dublin, which is designated as an RMP site. The extent of this zone is depicted on Map E (DCC, 2005).

The majority of Area 29 study area falls within the ZAP: St. Stephen’s Green to the southern end of Dominick Street Lower, junction of Dominick Street Lower and Dominick Street Upper; Section of Constitution Hill to south of the Western Way/Constitution Hill junction, as well as a small area of Western Way.

(Data sources: RMP map (1998) – sheets 3263B/3264A/3197D/3198C; DCC, 2005).

Very high

2


OS DN018

315886/ 233417

National Monument

RMP

DU018-020334

RPS 7927/7928

(DCC)

St. Stephen’s green

The origins of the Green, named after a Church of St. Stephen, which was the chapel of a leper hospital, can be traced back to medieval times. It was then an unenclosed and marshy common. Along with two other open commons, Oxmantown Green and Hoggen Green (now College Green) it was used by the citizens of Dublin as grazing lands for their livestock (Clarke 1977, 72).

In 1663 the City Assembly or Corporation decided to develop St. Stephen’s Green, then about 60 acres in extent, in such a way that it would provide some income for the city while still serving the people as an open space. By the following year, 1664, a central area of 27 acres had been marked out to be preserved. The remainder was divided into 90 building lots, each with about 60 feet frontage. Each lessee was also required to plant six sycamore trees near the wall (Craig 1980, 2–4). The corporation then levelled the interior of the Green and enclosed it with a stone wall. Inside the wall was a gravel walk 35 feet wide lined with elm and lime trees. Further in again was a drainage ditch, with another walk bordered by hawthorn hedges between the ditch and the interior of the Green. The Green remained in this form for about a century and a half (Craig 1980, 2–4).

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

2


OS DN018

315886/ 233417

National Monument

RMP

DU018-020334

RPS 7927/7928

(DCC)

St. Stephen’s green Continued

The park is depicted on Brooking’s map (1728) to have had two entrances in the northwest and southeast corners, respectively; a structure, possibly a gatehouse, is depicted at each of these locations. No above-ground evidence of either of these features survives; however, it is possible that subsurface evidence relating to the structure at the northwest corner may be present within the study area.

Throughout the 18th century the Green was a fashionable place to walk. The main entrance at the time was at the west side, opposite York Street. The interior was used during this period for pasturage of cattle and horses, as a parade ground for the yeomanry and other troops, and on occasion as a place of public assembly (Craig 1980, 2–4).

Subsequent to an act of 1814, the only people allowed to access the park were those who paid a guinea a year (Bennett 2005, 237–238); it was not until 1877 that the park re-opened to the public. The park was laid out in its current form c. 1880 under the initiation of Sir Arthur Guinness (Bennett 2005, 238).

Comparison of historic OS maps demonstrate that St. Stephen’s Green North and St. Stephen’s Green West have been widened since the 19th century. Consequently, evidence of the outer perimeter of the 18th century St. Stephen’s Green Park may be present beneath the present streetscapes.

The park played a role during the 1916 Easter Rising when a group of insurgents confiscated motor cars in order to create a road blockade around the park and subsequently dug defensive positions within the park itself. The insurgents were later forced to withdraw to the Royal College of Surgeons on the west side of St. Stephen’s Green. Numerous pock marks, the result of British machine-gun fire, can be seen on Fusiliers’ Arch (Shiels 2006, 8–11).

Very high



AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

2


OS DN018

315886/ 233417

National Monument

RMP

DU018-020334

RPS 7927/7928

(DCC)

St. Stephen’s green Continued

The National Monument status of this site extends to and includes the railings, gates, paving, lamp posts and bollards which surround the Green. The railings, gates and plinth walls of the perimeter boundary on St. Stephen’s Green are also collectively designated as a Protected Structure (RPS 7927), as are the surrounding bollards and traditional-style lamp posts (RPS 7928).

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Clarke 1977, 72; Craig 1980, 2–4; Brooking’s map (1728); Bennett 2005, 238; 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843); 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911); Shiels 2006, 8–11).

Note: Refer to Annex M, Book 5 of this EIS for further information regarding this monument; refer also to AH10–AH13 in the Material Assets: Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24).

Very high

3

Nos. 121–122 St. Stephen’s Green West/York Street

OS DN018

315820/ 233457

RMP

DU018-020166

graveyard Site

This site was bought by the Society of Friends as a burial ground in 1674 (Goodbody in Butler 2004, 59). This site is shown on Rocque’s map of Dublin (1756) and represented as “Quakers Burying Ground”. The site is located directly north of York Street and immediately west of St. Stephen’s Green West. The burial ground as depicted on Rocque’s map is orientated west-northwest/east-southeast and displays a rectangular morphology (70×18m). In 1805 when “being … but little used, and being subject to heavy taxes” (TP 1877 in Butler 2004, 59) the plot was sold to the Royal College of Surgeons. It was sold on the condition that it would not be wholly built over. However, the college subsequently exhumed the burials, which were re-interred at Cork Street (Cameron in Butler 2004, 59) and erected their headquarters building over the whole of the site. The Royal College of Surgeons was built over this site in 1806 (Lyons 1995, 40).

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Rocque’s map (1756); Butler 2004, 59; Lyons 1995, 40).

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

4

St. Stephen’s Green to O’Connell

Street

OS DN018

NGR: Various

-

Site of Tramway: St. Stephen’s green to Nelson’s Pillar

This tramline ran along the following streets falling within the study area: St. Stephen’s Green West, St. Stephen’s Green North, Dawson Street, Nassau Street, northern end of Grafton Street, College Green, College Street, D’Olier Street and O’Connell Street as far as the “Spire”.

The Dublin tramway system was in its day seen as the most efficient of its type in Europe, and had the seventh largest electric tramway network in the world. This tramline was opened in 1874, electrified in 1899 and closed in 1938. No evidence of the tramline, or any associated street furniture, was identified during the field survey. There is a low potential for subsurface remains associated with this site to be present beneath the current streetscape.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/11/002 (merit rating: record only); Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Medium

5

Grafton Street South/St. Stephen’s Green North

OS DN018

315902/ 233591

-

Area of Archaeological Potential

De Gomme’s map (1673) depicts a street following a roughly similar orientation to present-day Grafton Street named as “Highway to St. Stephen’s Green”. However, the southern end of the street is shown to have been located slightly to the west of where Grafton Street lies today. A small number of houses are also depicted as fronting the east of this street and onto St. Stephen’s Green North. It is possible that subsurface remains of these structures and the southern end of the 17th century “Highway” are present under the current streetscape of present-day Grafton Street’s southern end.

(Data sources: De Gomme’s map (1673); Brooking’s map (1728); 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843); 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911)).

Note: Refer to Annex M, Book 5 of this EIS for further information regarding this site.

High




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

6

Dawson Street/St. Stephen’s

Green North

OS DN018

316042/ 233547

-


On De Gomme’s map (1673), five large houses and their associated gardens are shown in the general vicinity of the present-day junction of Dawson Street and St. Stephen’s Green North. One or more of these houses may have had to be razed to the ground to accommodate construction of Dawson Street which was carried out in 1707 (Bennett 2005, 62). It is possible that subsurface remains of these structures are present under the current streetscape of Dawson Street’s southern end where it adjoins St. Stephen’s Green North.

(Data sources: De Gomme’s map (1673); Bennett 2005, 62).

Note: Refer to Annex M, Section 1.1, Book 5 of this EIS for further information regarding this site.

High

7

Joshua Lane

OS DN018

316018/ 233605

-

Smithy Point

This site is represented on historic OS maps as “Smithy”. The original building appears to have been replaced; however the current structure may incorporate some earlier fabric. The building currently functions as a car park.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/11/164 (merit rating: record only); 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911); 3rd Edition 25 inch OS map (1939–1940); Headland Archaeology, 2009).

High

8

Dawson Street

OS DN018

316030/ 233610

RMP

DU018-020649

dwelling

According to the Archaeological Survey of Ireland SMR file for this site, which is housed in the DoEHLG, there is no evidence to corroborate this site. The SMR file further states that the site will therefore be de-listed in the revised RMP.

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives).

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

9

Dawson Street

OS DN018

316082/ 233613

RMP

DU018-020327

RPS 2292 (DCC)

dwelling (The Mansion house)

Joshua Dawson acquired the site in 1705 and built a mansion here in 1710 which was bought in 1715 by Dublin Corporation as the official residence for the Lord Mayor (Bardon 1988, 28). It is a Queen Anne house of brick, spoiled by stucco, balustrade (replacing figure-subject panels), windows and other Victoriana. This site is first shown on Brooking’s map (1728) and also on Rocque’s map (1756). This site is later depicted on the 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843), by which time it had expanded considerably eastward, and on the 3rd Edition 25 inch OS map (1939–1940). On both of these OS maps it is labelled as “Mansion House”.

The first Dáil Éireann assembled here on 21st January 1919 to adopt Ireland’s Declaration of Independence. The Mansion House remained the seat of Dáil Éireann’s public sessions until the British banning of the assembly, 10th September 1919 (Killanin and Duignan, 1967, 238).

Data sources: RMP; Brooking’s map (1728); Rocque’s map (1756); 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843); 3rd Edition 25 inch OS map (1939–1940); SMR Archives; Bardon 1988, 28; Killanin and Duignan 1967, 238; DCC, 2005; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Note: Refer also to AH33 in the Material Assets: Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24).

Very high

10

Schoolhouse Lane East

OS DN018

316122/ 233611

RMP

DU018-020181

Bowling green Site

This site is not depicted on Brooking’s map (1728) but is shown on Rocque’s map (1756) and labelled as “Bowling Green”. Rocque’s map (1756) shows the green as being located to the east of the Mansion House (AC9) and is delineated by “Stable Lane” (now Schoolhouse Lane East) to its immediate north. The site was roughly square in morphology and measured approximately 50m east/west and 45m north/south. An extension to the Mansion House (AC9) had been built on this site by the time the area was surveyed for the 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843).

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Brooking’s map (1728); Rocque’s map (1756); Duncan’s map (1821); 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843)).

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

11

Ron Black’s Champagne

Bar

No. 37 Dawson Street

OS DN018

316032/ 233641

RMP

DU018-020240

RPS 2313 (DCC)

dwelling

This is a three-bay 18th century house with an unusual carved limestone cornice above the second floor on the façade with an apparently new floor added above. It is much altered. It has a highly decorative bay window in hardwood and cast iron added to front with balcony. This architect is unknown. The site’s location is shown as developed on Brooking’s map (1728) and Rocque’s map (1756) but the current building is not clearly depicted until the time of the 1843 1st Edition 6 inch OS map. Craig (1969, 107) mentions that Colonel Thomas Burgh, an architect, lived in this house and that it has since been rebuilt.

(Data sources: RMP; Brooking’s map (1728); Rocque’s map (1756); 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843); SMR Archives; Craig 1969, 107; DCC, 2005; Headland Archaeology, 2009).


Very high

12

No. 28 South Anne’s Lane/No. 3 Anne’s

Lane

OS DN018

315963/ 233668

-

Site of Smithy

The smithy is noted on historic OS maps as “Smithy”. The original building has been replaced with modern commercial structures and no evidence of the original structure was noted during the Headland Archaeology, 2009.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/11/165 (merit rating: not provided); 2nd (1911) and 3rd (1939–1940) Edition 25 inch OS maps; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Medium




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

13

Dawson Street

OS DN018

316090/ 233686

RRMP

DU018-020413

RPS 2293

St. Ann’s Church and graveyard

This church was designed by Isaac Wills for Joshua Dawson and building commenced c. 1720. It was later altered in 1868 by Sir Thomas Newenham Dean who added the current Neo-Romanesque façade.

The church and associated boundary wall is depicted on Brooking’s map (1728) fronting onto Dawson Street with the Mansion House to the south and Molesworth Street to the north. Examination of Rocque’s map (1756) shows that the western end of Molesworth Street was realigned to the north in the interim period between this and Brooking’s map (1728) and Molesworth Street is shown as comprising a straighter alignment than previously. A row of houses is depicted on Rocque’s map (1756) to the immediate north of St. Ann’s Church, extending along the church’s east/west boundary and fronting onto the newly aligned Molesworth Street.

The graveyard site depicted on historic OS maps displays a rectangular morphology (approximately 30×14m) and is orientated north–northeast/south–southwest. Molesworth Place is shown delineating the graveyard to the east; the Royal Irish Academy delineated the site to the south, whilst a structure labelled as “hall” delineated it to the north. The graveyard site has since been altered and now contains several recent attendant outbuildings and a concrete yard, all associated with the church. All buried remains that were present at the time of these alterations were reinterred into the crypts beneath the church where they still remain. The passage ways in the crypt are partially blocked with brick walling to the west; hence their western extent proved difficult to determine. Discussions with various formal associates of St. Ann’s Church including Victor Fitzpatrick, Reverend Gillespie, Mr. Ian Walsh and Mr. John Bailey, did not reveal any evidence which suggests that the crypts extend beneath the current street.

(Data Sources: RMP; SMR Archives; DCC, 2005; Brooking’s map (1728); Rocque’s map (1756); Duncan’s map (1821); 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843); 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911); Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Note: Refer also to AH34 in the Material Assets: Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24)

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

14

Molesworth Street/

Dawson Street

OS DN018

316076/ 233732

RMP

DU018-020241

dwelling Site

This house was razed to the ground as part of the Molesworth development which dates from a private enabling Act of 1725 (Craig 1969, 107).

St. Ann’s Church (AC13) was built on ground given by Joshua Dawson and the Molesworth and Dawson interests seem to have worked well together, for Molesworth managed to persuade Dawson to pull down four houses near the church so that Molesworth and Dawson Street could be linked together (Georg. Soc. in Craig 1969, 108). This particular dwelling was one of the houses that was levelled.

Very high

15

Molesworth Street

OS DN018

316107/ 2337438

RMP

DU018-020238

dwelling Site

Refer to AC14 for site historical context. This dwelling was levelled c. 1725.

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Craig 1969, 107; Georg. Soc. in Craig 1969, 108).

Very high

16

Duke Street

OS DN018

316010/ 233780

RMP

DU018-020650

dwelling



Very high

17

Duke Street

OS DN018

316020/ 233780

RMP

DU018-020651

dwelling



Very high

18

No. 51c Dawson Street

OS DN018

316066/ 233780

-

ulysses Plaque

This cultural heritage feature is one of fourteen bronze relief Ulysses’ plaques in Dublin City created by the artist Robin Buick, and sponsored by Cantrell and Cochrane in 1988, to mark the route taken by Leopold Bloom in the eighth episode of Ulysses (Lestrygonians) from the Freeman’s Journal/Evening Telegraph office at Nos. 4–8 Prince’s Street to the National Museum in Kildare Street. It is set into the pavement outside No. 51c Dawson Street. The inscription on this plaque reads: “You’re in Dawson Street, Mr. Bloom said. Molesworth Street is opposite. Do you want to cross? There’s nothing in the way”.

(Data sources: Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Note: Refer also to AC21, AC33, AC42, AC44, AC52 and AC59.

High




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

19

No. 10 Frederick

Street South

OS DN018

316154/ 233797

RMP

DU018-020645

dwelling

This is a Dutch Billy type site (pers. comm. Arthur Gibney, DoEHLG). It comprises a terraced two-bay four-storey over basement house, built c. 1760 and has a rendered basement area to the front (east). The roof has a red brick chimneystack concealed behind a Flemish bond red brick parapet wall with dressed limestone coping. The front elevation is of Flemish bond red brick with a rendered wall and chamfered slate capping at basement level. Buildings are first shown in this area on Rocque’s map (1756).

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Rocque’s map (1756); Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Very high

20

Nassau Street

OS DN018

316094/ 233914

RMP

DU018-020060

holy Well

The entrance to this well, known as “St. Patrick’s Well” (Hogan 1872–1873, 276) is located in the garden of TCD, and the well structure is located under a portion of the northern side of Nassau Street, which was formerly called “St. Patrick’s Well Lane”. The site reputedly dates to the 5th

century. The earliest reference to the well is to be found in Jocelin of Furness’ 12th century text (“Life of St. Patrick”). The location of the well is shown on De Gomme’s map (1673).

According to Bennett (2005) the well was a natural spring believed to mark the southern boundary of the dissolved monastery of All Hallows (AC27). It dried up suddenly in 1729 but was restored in 1731 by Dublin Corporation (Bennett 2005, 176). The well is represented on both editions of Clarke’s map (1978, “D6”; 2002a; “K5”) to the northwest of the intersection of Dawson Street and Nassau Street.

The site consists of an entrance passageway, orientated north–south, c. 1.1m wide, and constructed of 18th century brick with a vaulted ceiling. Located at the terminus of the passageway, offset to the east, is a narrow brick archway that leads into a circular stonelined well, c. 1.7m in diameter. Constructed directly on top of the well stone-work is a circular 18th century brick chamber with a domed ceiling. Fracture/crack lines are visible in the brickwork of the entrance passageway and the brickwork surface appears slightly friable with small areas of surface damage visible in both the passageway and the well chamber (RPA 2009b; Headland Archaeology, 2009). A schedule of condition carried out by McGovern Surveyors (2009) concluded that the well was generally in good condition; however, for reasons outlined above, the rear section of

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

the entrance wall and the well chamber itself were noted to be in “fair” condition (McGovern Surveyors 2009, 1–7). The survey also recorded that the present depth of the well, from its centre, measured 850mm, (McGovern Surveyors 2009, 7); the well has a total depth of c. 12m but this has silted up to its present recorded depth.

The site extends under the entire width of Nassau Street’s northern pavement and approximately 0.28m under the road carriageway and its interior ceiling is approximately 50–60cm below ground level (RPA 2009b; RPA 2009d).

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; De Gomme’s map (1673); Hogan 1872–1873, 276–77; RPA 2009b; Bennett 2005, 176; Clarke 1978; McGovern Surveyors 2009, 7; RPA 2009D; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

21

Grafton Street/Nassau Street

OS DN018

315987/ 233937

-

ulysses Plaque

Refer to AC18 for contextual description. This plaque is set into the pavement on the corner of Grafton Street and Nassau Street outside No. 2 Grafton Street. The inscription on this plaque reads: “He crossed at Nassau Street corner and stood before the window of Yeates and Son, pricing the field glasses”.



High

22

Grafton Street

OS DN018

315981/ 233960

-

Molly Malone Monument

Molly Malone is a fictitious fishmonger featured in Dublin’s anthem, “Molly Malone”. She is shown wheeling a cart. The statue was erected to celebrate Dublin’s millennium in 1988. The sculpture, by Jeanne Rynhart, was unveiled in November 1988 and was sponsored by Jurys Hotel (Bennett 2005, 115).

(Data sources: Bennett 2005, 115; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

High




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

23

Suffolk Street

OS DN018

315927/ 233975

RMP

DU018-020386

Bridge Site

This bridge is shown on both editions of Clarke’s map (1978 and 2002a) as providing access over the Stein River; a tributary of the River Liffey that is now subterranean and enters the River Liffey at Burgh Quay from the south. The bridge is depicted as having been located midway, and in the centre, of present-day Suffolk Street and is orientated southeast/northwest. It is shown as having measured approximately 10m in length. A bridge is depicted at this general location on Speed’s map (1610) providing access over the Stein River and is shown to be located in an undeveloped area associated with TCD. De Gomme’s map (1673) does not show either the Stein River or the bridge, suggesting that by this date the Stein had been culverted. There are no visible traces of the bridge.

A bridge over the Stein River is mentioned in a document dating to 1192 and also referred to as being in need of repair in a document dating to 1297 (Clarke 2002b, 27). Haliday (1881, 149–150) states that a grant was made available to the Priory (AC27) in 1298 to repair the “bridge of the Steyne”. It should be noted however, that there were two bridges crossing the Stein River, one located at the junction of College Green and Westmoreland Street (AC31) and this one located at Suffolk Street (AC23). It is therefore unclear to which bridge these early dates are attributable to.

(Data Sources: RMP; SMR Archive; Clarke 1978; Clarke 2002a; Speed’s map (1610); De Gomme’s map (1673)).

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AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

24

Suffolk Street/Church Lane/College

Green

OS DN018

315905/ 234023

RMP

DU018-020132

Mound Site

This was an earthen mound, known as the “Thingmote”, located towards the eastern end of Dame Street, where the Dublin Vikings held their assemblies. Haliday records that the “Thingmote” was located “at the angle formed by Church Lane and Suffolk Street nearly opposite the present church of St. Andrew, and about 40 perches east of the old edifice” (Haliday 1884, 162). It was an artificial conical hill 40 feet high and 240 feet in circumference (Haliday 1884, 163), specially constructed as a place of assembly and judica-ture with a seat on top for the king and seats on tiers beneath for his sons and for noble men. Political decisions were made here and games and archery contests took place on the flat lands beneath (Somerville-Large 1996, 10).

As at Old Uppsala in Sweden, the Dublin assembly site appears to have been accompanied by a number of burial mounds, one of which was still standing as late as the mid 17th

century (Harris in Clarke 2002b, 3). These were presumably the graves of Scandinavian kings of Dublin. It is probable that the old Norse word haugr meaning “burial mound” lies behind the medieval name “Hogges (later Hoggen) Green” (Clarke 2002b, 3). In view of the discovery of Viking burials in the College Green area, the “Thingmote” itself may have been a burial mound in origin (Bradley and King 1989, Vol. VIII, Part II, 151). The mound was removed in 1685 and the material was moved to “St. Patrick’s Well Lane” (now Nassau Street) where the ground was raised from 8 to 10 feet as the area was subject to flooding (Clarke 1990, 126) There are no visible remains of the “Thingmote”.

Interestingly, the “Thingmote” is not depicted on either Speed’s map (1610) or De Gomme’s map (1673). On both editions of Clarke’s map (1978, “O12”; 2002a, “F7”) the site is depicted as incorporating a substantial area delineated by present-day College Green to the north, Church Lane to the west, Suffolk Street to the south and the Stein River to the east.

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Somerville-Large 1996, 10, 102–103; Clarke 2002b, 3; Bradley and King 1989, Vol. VIII, Part 2, 151; Clarke 1990, 126; Clarke 1978, “O12”; Clarke 2002a, “F7”; Haliday, 1884, 162–163; Speed’s map (1610); De Gomme’s map (1673)).

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AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

25

College Green

OS DN018

315963/ 234050

RMP

DU018-020401

Mill Pond Site

A mill pond, through which the Stein River flowed, is represented in the vicinity of College Green on Speed’s map (1610) and on both editions of Clarke’s map (1978 and 2002a). On Speed’s map and the 2nd edition map (Clarke 2002a), the pond is shown as comprising a roughly rectangular shape and extending approximately 75m north/south and 10m east/west. Its location just south of the Steine Mill (AC29), which was located outside the present-day west front of TCD, suggests that these two features were most likely associated with one another. None of these features are shown on De Gomme’s map (1673) suggesting that by this date the Stein River had been culverted. There are no visible remains of the mill pond.

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Clarke 1978; Clarke 2002a; Speed’s map 1610; De Gomme’s map (1673)).

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AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

26

College Green/College

Street/ Westmoreland

area

OS DN018

315956/ 234078

-


The area comprising College Green, College Street and Westmoreland Street is regarded as one of high archaeological potential for a number of reasons. Firstly, prior to the land reclamation that took place in this area in the post-medieval period, part of the southern boundary of the River Liffey reached the environs of Fleet Street. The Stein River and a tributary of the Poddle River also traversed this area; thus it comprised a very different landscape from that which is present today. Consequently, it is probable, as has been demonstrated by previous archaeological excavations (detail included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS), that subsurface remains of settlement associated with this earlier landscape are present in the area.

Secondly, a large number of RMP sites are present within the general College Green and College Street area demonstrating extensive activity in this locality during the Viking and medieval period. These include the Viking “Long Stone” site (AC36) and the “Thingmote” (AC24) from the Viking period; ecclesiastical remains (AC35), Augustinian Priory of All Hallows (AC27), a chapel site (AC34), a millpond site (AC25), a watermill site (AC29), TCD (AC28), a hospital site (AC30) and a bridge site (AC31). In addition, Viking finds and a substantial number of archaeological finds dating from the medieval period onwards (detail included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS) have also been recovered from this area.

Thirdly, examination of cartographic sources such as Speed’s map (1610), Brooking’s map (1728) and Rocque’s map (1756), suggests that some of the buildings depicted on these maps may have extended into the area currently occupied by College Green, College Street and Westmoreland Street. It is possible that subsurface evidence of these earlier structures, including basements, may survive beneath the current streetscape. This is evidenced on the northern boundary of TCD where in situ columns are visible beneath the present boundary wall (accessed through an existing ESB substation). A Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) (RPA 2009c) also recorded an unidentified anomaly that runs underneath the southern pavement of College Street; this may also be associated with subsurface structural remains.

(Data sources: RMP; Speed’s map (1610); De Gomme’s map (1673); Rocque’s map (1756); NMI topographical files; RPA 2009c; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Note: Refer to Annex M, Book 5 of this EIS for further information regarding these streets.

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AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

27

TCD

OS DN018

316093/ 234078

RMP

DU018-020044

Priory Site (Augustinian Priory of All hallows)

Established by Diarmait mac Murchada, King of Leinster in 1166 (Budd 2001, 1), the text of the site’s foundation charter still survives (Gwynn and Hadcock 1970, 171). The priory was at the edge of the Steine lands, an area known for its grazing and as a landing place, where the shallow-draught boats of the day would have been out ashore near what is now the western end of Pearse Street Garda Station (Budd 2001, 21). It is not clear whether the priory owned land outside its walls, nor is it known when those walls were built (Budd 2001, 18). It has been suggested that the original boundary wall of the Priory may have been on a similar alignment to that of the College (AC28) wall today (Budd 2001, 18). The location of the college walls is first depicted on Speed’s map (1610), which shows TCD surrounded by an external enclosure which is approximately analogous to the line of the modern boundary (Clarke in Casey 2005, 18).

The priory was dissolved in 1538 and its possessions were granted to the citizens of Dublin in 1539 in recognition of their loyalty during the Silken Thomas rebellion of 1534 (Gilbert 1854, iii, 4; Clarke 2002b, 9). In 1571 the steeple was recorded as being “ruinous and liable to collapse” (Ancient records in Clarke 2002b, 19) and in 1576 the premises were used as a temporary hospital (Berry in Clarke 2002b, 19). The college of the Holy Trinity (AC28) was established on the site by Elizabeth I in 1592, and the lands were obtained from the city by Adam Loftus, the college provost. The only feature of the priory which is visible today is a 15th century funerary monument to one of the Earls of Kildare which is housed in St. Werburgh’s Church, TCD.

The priory’s site is traditionally pointed out as being near the present campanile in Library Square (Bradley and King 1989, Vol. VIII, Part II, 137–138). The priory is shown at this location on both editions of Clarke’s map (1978, “H1”; 2002a, “B1”).

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Budd 2001, 1, 18 and 21; Gwynn and Hadcock 1970, 171; Gilbert 1854, III, 4; Clarke 2002b, 9 and 19; Bradley and King 1989, Part VIII, Vol. II, 137–138; Clarke 1978; Clarke 2002a; Speed’s map (1610); Casey 2005, 18).

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AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

28

TCD

OS DN018

316094/ 234071

RMP

DU018-020391

RPS 2013 (DCC)

College

In 1591, under Queen Elizabeth I, a charter proclaimed the founding of “The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity”, “in a certain place called All Hallows”. The new university was outside the city walls and the Green in front changed its name from Hoggen Green to College Green (Somerville-Large 1996, 86). A charter was provided by Elizabeth I and within two years the college was open to receive students (Bennett 2005, 270). The college was initially housed in the former Augustinian Priory of All Hallows (AC27), a 12th century foundation, the priory site and buildings being donated to the college in 1592 (Casey 2005, 389).

Speed’s map (1610) depicts the College on the site of the former Priory of All Hallows (AC27). This site is labelled “The Colledge” and is enclosed within a precinct with the Stein River and mill pond (AC25) on its western edge. The commencement of the new building phase associated with the college began in 1672 when the western section of a three-sided residential court was constructed (Casey 2005, 390). Although redevelopment of some of the internal structures within the college can be seen when Brooking’s map (1728) and Rocque’s map (1756) are compared with one another as well as with modern OS mapping, it be can observed that the present extent of the college is largely similar to that depicted by Brooking in 1728.

The college began modestly with a chapel, buttery, kitchen, hall and main square court paved with thin red Dutch bricks (Somerville-Large 1996, 86). Today, the college comprises a 42 acre site; none of the original red-brick buildings surrounding the 120-square-foot courtyard have survived (Bennett 2005, 270).

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Casey 2005, 389–390; Somerville-Large 1996, 86; Bennett 2005, 270; DCC, 2005; Speed’s map (1610); Brooking’s map (1728); Rocque’s map (1756)).

Note: Refer also to AH105 and AH106 in the Material Assets: Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24).

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AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

29

College Green

OS DN018

315991/ 234105

RMP

DU018-02099

Watermill Site

This watermill, known as the Steine Mill, was situated on the Stein River just outside the present-day west front of TCD. Its proximity to the mill pond (AC25) suggests that the two sites were related. The earliest known date of reference to this site is 1276 (Clarke 2002a) and in 1298 it was recorded that a grant was made to the Priory of All Hallows (AC27) to repair the “mill and the bridge of the Stein” (Acts of Assembly in Haliday 1881, 150). Haliday also refers to a 1461 grant (Placita Parliamentaria) which mentions the mill: “ Whereas the Prior and Convent of All Saints [Hallow] besides Dyvelin of Old Times had a mill near the gate between the Green Bank and the Long Stone on the Stayne” (Bentham in Haliday 1884, 150). The mill is last mentioned in 1462 when it is described as being in a “ruinous” condition and needing “to be rebuilt” (Alen’s reg. and Ancient records in Clarke 2002b, 26).

Although the mill pond is represented on Speed’s map (1610), there is no clear depiction of a mill. De Gomme’s map (1673) does not show the Stein River, or the mill pond (AC25) suggesting that by this date the mill was no longer in use and that the Stein River was culverted. The mill is depicted outside the present west front of TCD on both editions of Clarke’s map (1978, “N9”; 2002, “G10”). However, in the text accompanying the 2nd edition map (Clarke 2002a), it is stated that the precise location of this site is not known. There are no visible surface remains.

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Speed’s map (1610); De Gomme’s map (1673); Clarke 1978, “N9”; Haliday 1884, 150; Clarke 2002a, “G10”; Clarke 2002b, 26).

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AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

30

College Green

OS DN018

315923/ 234128

RMP

DU018-020430 –

DU018-020435

RPS 1996 (DCC)

hospital Site/dwelling Site/gatehouse Site/Bawn Site/Parliament house Site/Parliament house

In 1602, Sir George Carey (Carye, Carie, Cary) was given a lease for land in Hoggen Green “to build a hospital for the relief of poor, sick, and maimed soldiers”. The hospital (DU018-020430) was built and appears on Speed’s map of 1610 as “Hospitall”. It was also known as Carye’s or Carew’s Hospital. The boundary of the site is clearly represented on Speed’s map (1610) and it is likely that this boundary correlates with the surrounding wall (DU018-020433) referred to in 1612 when Sir Arthur Chichester acquired the site (De Courcy 1996, 21). A structure is shown directly south of the hospital within the same site on this map and may represent the gatehouse (DU018-020432) also referred to in 1612 in relation to Chichester’s acquisition of the property. Its use as a home for soldiers was short-lived. Carey served as Lord Deputy of Ireland from 1603 to 1604, and the building was being used for law courts in 1605. In 1610, the house was described as a large three bay building (Clarke 2000, 28). In 1612, Sir Arthur Chichester, baron of Belfast and Lord Deputy from 1604 to 1615, acquired it as a “capitall massuadge or house [DU018-020431] neere the cittie called the hospital [DU018-020430], together with the gatehouse [DU018-020432], court, and wall [DU018-020433] about the same” (DeCourcy 1996, 20–21). Following the death of Chichester, the house (DU018-020431), already known as Chichester House in 1613, passed first to Samuel Smith and later to Sir John Borlase, Lord Justice, who received it in “a much decayed and ruinous condition” (DeCourcy 1996, 21).

The first parliament of Ireland was held in this building in 1661 and in 1673 the Crown took a lease of the property for use as a parliament house (DU018-020434) (De Courcy 1996, 21). The building is labelled as “Parliament House” on De Gomme’s map (1673). The boundary of the site is shown as comprising a square morphology delineated by College Green to the east and south on this map; no individual features associated with the site, such as the parliament house (DU018-020434) or gatehouse (DU018-020432), are shown. The contemporary ground plan of this site is known however (Craig 1982, 151; footnote no. 4); entry was through a gate from the south of the site between guardhouses.

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AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

30

College Green

OS DN018

315923/ 234128

RMP

DU018-020430 –

DU018-020435

RPS 1996 (DCC)

A passage, less than 11 feet wide led into a courtyard about 50 feet deep and 40 feet wide. To the east was the House of Lords (DU018-020434), 57 feet by 21 feet, and to the west, the House of Commons (DU018-020434) of similar dimensions. The whole block, exclusive of gatehouse (DU018-020432) and courtyard was about 135 feet by 66 feet (Craig 1982, 151). A depiction of the site similar to this description is shown on Brooking’s map (1728), though aside from the potential passage and courtyard described by Craig (1982), no individual features such as the parliament house (DU018-020434) or gatehouse (DU018-020432) is shown. The parliament house (DU018-020434) continued to deteriorate reaching a state of gross decay by 1728 (De Courcy 1996, 21).

That same year, the Commons agreed that a new parliament house (DU018-020435/RPS 1996) should be built. The foundation stone was laid in 1729 and although work was not complete until 1739, the first parliament was held in this building in 1731. The new parliament building (DU018-020435/RPS 1996) is shown on Rocque’s map (1756) and labelled as “Parliament House”. The site is shown extending from College Green northwards to Fleet Street, and from Angelsea Street eastwards to Westmoreland Street. Subsequent to the Act of Union between Ireland and Great Britain in 1800, the parliament house (DU018-020435/RPS 1996) ceased to exist as such. In 1802, the Bank of Ireland purchased the parliament buildings. Following an architectural competition for the adaption of the buildings for use in banking, redesign works started in 1804 and in 1808 the bank opened for business (De Courcy 1996, 21); the building (DU018-020435/RPS 1996) is still in use for this purpose today.

(Data source: RMP; SMR Archives; Speed’s map (1610); De Gomme’s map (1673); De Courcy 1996, 20–21; DCC, 2005).

Note: Refer also to AH108 in the Architectural Heritage chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24).

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AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

31

Westmore-land Street/

College Green

OS DN018

316007/ 234157

RMP

DU018-020385

Bridge Site

This bridge is depicted on Clarke’s 2nd edition map (2002a) at the present-day intersection of College Street and Westmoreland Street, immediately west of the Thomas Moore statue. It is shown as hav-ing provided access across the Stein River; a river which now flows underground and enters the River Liffey at Burgh Quay from the south. The bridge is represented as having been orientated east–south-east/west–northwest and measuring approximately 10m in length. There is no bridge shown at this location on Speed’s map (1610), or on De Gomme’s map (1673) by which date the Stein River appears to have been culverted. There are no visible surface remains.

A bridge over the Stein River is mentioned in a document dating to 1192 and also referred to as being in need of repair in a document dating to 1297 (Clarke 2002b, 27). Haliday (1881, 149–150) states that a grant was made available to the Priory (AC27) in 1298 to repair the “bridge of the Steyne”. It should be noted however, that there were two bridges crossing the Stein River, one located at Suffolk Street (AC23) and this one located at the junction of College Green and Westmoreland Street (AC31). It is therefore unclear to which bridge these early dates are attributable to.

A GPR survey carried out by RPA (2009c) identi-fied a subsurface anomaly at the intersection of Westmoreland Street with College Green. This anomaly could indicate the presence of subsur-face remains associated with this site.

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Clarke 2002a; Speed’s map (1610); De Gomme’s map (1673), RPA 2009c).

Very high

32

TCD

OS DN018

316078/ 234127

RMP

DU018-020411

graveyard

Adjacent to the TCD Chapel, is a small graveyard known as “Challoner’s Corner”. This graveyard is depicted on historic OS maps and displays the same morphology and boundaries as today. It is triangular in shape and measures approximately 10m southeast/northwest, 3m east/west and 10m north/south. Within the burial ground is one burial tomb, three ground-level grave-slabs and a number of commemorative plaques on the delineating walls of the adjacent chapel. The earliest grave dates to c. 1710.

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911); Headland Archaeology, 2009).

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AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

33

College Street

OS DN018

316001/ 234159

RMP

DU018-020385

ulysses Plaque

Refer to AC18 for contextual description. This plaque is set in the pavement adjacent to the Thomas Moore statue. The inscription on this plaque reads: “He crossed under Tommy Moore’s roguish finger. They did right to put him up over a urinal meeting of the waters”.



High

34

College Street

OS DN018

316059/ 234168

RMP

DU018-020995

Chapel Site

According to Archbishop Alen there was formerly a chapel of St. Clements’ situated in the vicinity of the Stein River between the River Liffey and the Augustinian Priory of All Hallows (AC27) (McNeill 1950, 56). In one of the Deeds in the register of All Hallows it is described as lying “before the Gate” of All Hallows (AC27) (Butler 1845, 28). Clarke (2002b, 20) also states that the chapel was located at the east end of College Green, near the gate of All Hallows Priory c. 1192 (Red Book of Ormond, Sheehy and Reg. All Saints in Clarke 2002b, 20) and that it was closed by c. 1530 (Alen’s Reg. in Clarke 2002b, 20).

The chapel is not shown on Speed’s map (1610). On Clarke’s 1st edition map (1978, “G2”) the chapel is depicted as being located in the area of present-day College Street, northwest of the present-day TCD Chapel. It is stated in the accompanying text, however, that the precise location of the site is not known (Clarke 1978) and for this reason it has not been included on Clarke’s 2nd edition map (2002a). There are no visible surface remains.

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; McNeill 1950, 56; Butler 1845, 28; Clarke 1978, “G2”; Clarke 2002a; Clarke 2002b, 20; Speed’s map (1610).

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

35

College Street/

Fleet Street/Westmoreland

Street

OS DN018

316049/ 234209

RMP

DU018-020487

Ecclesiastical Remains

A tiled medieval pavement, part of which is now in the NMI, was found during the building of the Provincial Bank (now the Westin Hotel), in College Street in 1862. The fact that these tiles were found in situ suggests that there was an important medieval site on the spot.

Test trenching carried out in 1997 at College Street, Westmoreland Street and Fleet Street (EIS Excavation No. 27 included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS) did not reveal any evidence relating to an ecclesiastical site. During monitoring of the same site in 1999, no evidence of an ecclesiastical site was encountered either. However a small quantity of medieval finds, mainly concentrated in the southern portion of the site, was retrieved (EIS Excavation No. 28 included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS). During 2000 testing was also carried out at this location, in the basement area of No. 5 College Street; again the results from this investigation did not reveal any evidence of an ecclesiastical site (EIS Excavation No. 26 included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS).

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Bennett 1998, Ref. 1997:117; Bennett 2001, Ref. 1999:189; Bennett 2002, Ref. 2000:251).

Very high

36

College Street/D’Olier

Street/Townsend

Street/Pearse Street

OS DN018

316131/ 234223

RMP

DU018-020129

Standing Stone Site

This standing stone known as the Steine or “Long Stone” was erected by the Vikings c. AD841 at the mouth of the Stein River to mark their first landfall in the 9th century and as a guide for sailors (Simms 2001, 21). In addition, it is postulated that light-vesseled ships were cabled to this monument (Curtis 1990, 102). The documented location of the “Long Stone” is an indicator of the original shore line of the River Liffey. The stone was said to have been uninscribed and to have stood at a height of approximately 3.6–4.2m. The stone gave its name to an area to the north and south of Townsend Street, as well as to the tributary which came to be known as the Stein River.

There is no reference to the “Long Stone” before the Anglo-Norman period, although a Viking date is attributed to it from its Norse name Steine (Haliday 1884, 151). Similar long stones are recorded from the Isle of Man, Orkney and Scandinavia. Haliday notes that such stones are often associated with burials and suggests that the “Long Stone” may have served to mark the grave of Ivar, King of Dublin. Ivar died in AD872 and ordered that his burial place be near the landing place (Haliday 1884, 151).

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

36

College Street/D’Olier

Street/Townsend

Street/Pearse Street

OS DN018

316131/ 234223

RMP

DU018-020129

Long stones are often associated with Viking thingmotes, which themselves are also often associated with a landing point. Other features that are associated on the Isle of Man, the Orkneys and Scandinavia with landing areas and thingmotes are temples to the Norse Gods Thor and Frejya (Haliday 1884, 157). These commonly take the form of a stone circle to Thor and a semi circle of stones for Frejya (Haliday 1884, 158). As is the case on Orkney, Isle of Man and in Scandinavia, it is possible that these Pagan sites were incorporated into a church foundation upon conversion (Haliday 1884, 175). In consequence of this, it is possible that temples associated with Thor and Frejya were present in association with the “Long Stone” and “Thingmote” (AC24).

By the medieval period the “Long Stone” may also have come to mark the limit of the jurisdiction of the City of Dublin (Haliday 1884, 180) and there are records from the reign of Henry IV that an important landing place associated with trade was located at “The Stayne and Dodyr” (Haliday 1884, 149). There is also an intriguing possibility that the same landing place was an important place of embarkation for Lepers making the pilgrimage to St. James Compostella (Haliday 1884, 148), with the street name “Lazy Hill” possibly taking its name from the presence of an associated leper hospital (Lazar).

In 1607 the stone was used by land surveyors as a marking post (De Courcy 1996, 235–236). Although not represented on Speed’s map of the city (1610), the stone is depicted on the Down Survey map (c. 1654) and is shown as being located within the shoreline. The monument continued to be used as a land surveyor’s mark until at least 1679, but had probably been pulled down and perhaps removed before 1700, having stood for 850 years.

The stone is marked on both editions of Clarke’s map (1978; “O8” and 2002a; “K3”). The earliest known date of reference to the stone is given as the 9th/10th century (Clarke 2002a). There are no visible surface remains and a modern sculpture (AC37) currently marks the site of the original standing stone.

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Simms 2001, 21; Curtis 1990, 102; Haliday 1884, 143–183; De Courcy 1996, 235–36; Speed’s map (1610); Down Survey map (c. 1654); Clarke 1978, “O8”; Clarke 2002a, ”K3”; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

37

Hawkins/ College

Street/ D’Olier Street

OS DN018

316117/ 234233

-

“Steyne” Sculpture – Marking the location of the original Viking Steine

This modern sculpture, named “Steyne”, marks the site of the original Steine (AC36) that was erected at this location by the Vikings c. 841. “Steyne” was sculpted by Clíodna Cussen and unveiled in 1986 (Bennett 2005, 49). Two faces depicted on the base of this monument commemorate Ivar, a Viking who ruled Dublin in the 9th century.

(Data sources: Bennett 2005, 49; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

High

38

Hawkins Street

OS DN018

316136/ 234267

-

usher Statue at Screen Cinema

This bronze statue depicts a caricature male usher dressed in full uniform and holding a torch in his right hand pointing towards the Screen Cinema. The title of the statute is “Mr. Screen”; it was sculpted by Vincent Brown and erected in 1988.


High

39

Hawkins Street

OS DN018

316132/ 234261

-


The line of present-day Hawkins Street may correspond with the location of a wall (later known as Hawkins Wall) marked by De Gomme (1673) which ran north from a lane named “Lazy Hill” (present-day College Street and Townsend Street) to the new River Liffey wall. De Gomme depicts buildings where this wall meets Lazy Hill (i.e. potentially in the vicinity of where present-day Hawkins Street adjoins College Street), as well as where the wall meets the River Liffey (i.e. potentially within the vicinity of where Hawkins Street adjoins Burgh Quay). Consequently, it is possible that subsurface remains of these structures are present beneath the current streetscape.

Changes to Hawkins Street appear to have occurred between the surveying of Rocque’s (1756) and Duncan’s (1821) maps also. When Duncan’s depiction of the present-day junction of Hawkins Street and D’Olier Street is compared with Rocque’s preceding depiction (1756) of this area, it can be seen that the buildings shown on Rocque’s map along the west side of Hawkins Street at this location had been demolished in the interim period to accommodate construction of D’Olier Street; this street is shown on Duncan’s map (1821). As a result, it is possible that subsurface evidence relating to the structures shown by Rocque (1756) in the vicinity of the D’Olier Street/ Hawkins Street junction is present beneath the current streetscape.

High




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

39

Hawkins Street

OS DN018

316132/ 234261

-

Comparison of the 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843) and the 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911) also shows that Hawkins Street was widened in the interim period between these two maps. This widening took in former building frontages on the eastern side of the street, including part of the Theatre Royal. As a result of the 19th and 20th century redevelopment of the street, it is possible that subsurface remains associated with the affected structures may be present beneath the east side of present-day Hawkins Street.

(Data sources: De Gomme’s map (1673); Rocque’s map (1756), Duncan’s map (1821); 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843); 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911)).

Note: Refer to Annex M, Book 5 of this EIS for further information regarding this street.

High

40

Townsend Street/Tara

Street

OS DN018

316208/ 234297

RMP

DU018-020161

Chapel Site

A Roman Catholic Church is shown north of “Lazer’s Hill” (now Townsend Street) and east of “George’s Street” (now Tara Street) on Rocque’s map (1756). The chapel is shown as comprising a T-shaped structure, with the elongated portion orientated north/south measuring approximately 60×16m. The church is not represented on the 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843). No above-ground remains of the church are known and the current layout of the buildings on the site does not reflect any similarities to the layout pattern of the church.

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Rocque’s map (1756); 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843)).

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

41

Fleet Street

OS DN018

NGR 316044/ 234259

-

Printing works

No information regarding this site, aside from locationary evidence, was available from the DCIHR at the time of writing. However, it would appear that this site represents the former Irish Times office, which was located here from 1895, subsequent to the paper’s establishment in 1859.

Analysis of Brooking’s map (1728), Rocque’s map (1756) as well as the 1st Edition 6 inch OS (1843) maps show that the area in which this site is located has been developed since at the least the early 18th century. Each of these maps shows a block of structures at this location; no individual structures can be identified nor are any of the buildings annotated. Consequently, it is not possible to determine if this particular building is represented on any of these maps. The printing works building can be identified on the 2nd Edition 25 inch OS (1911), although it is not annotated. This building is still extant.

(Data source: DCIHR 18/11/224 (merit rating: unknown); Brooking’s map (1728); Rocque’s map (1756); 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843); 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911); Headland Archaeology,, 2009).

High

42

Outside No. 29

Westmoreland Street

OS DN018

316001/ 234276

-

ulysses Plaque

Refer to AC18 for contextual description. This plaque is set in the pavement outside No. 29 Westmoreland Street. The inscription on the plaque reads as follows: “Hot mockturtle vapour and steam of newbaked jampuffs rolypoly poured out from Harrison’s”.



High

43

Poolbeg Street/

Hawkins Street

OS DN018

316136/ 234335

RMP

DU018-020161

Site of Market

Buildings are first shown at this location on Brooking’s map (1728), however their function as a market is not labelled. This building is first annotated on Rocque’s map (1756) and labelled as “market”. It is shown as fronting onto Poolbeg Street to the north and dwellings are represented to its east and west. The building is shown on Rocque’s map as having measured approximately 11m north/south and 5m east/west. The original building has since been demolished; the site of the market, as well as the site of the houses originally adjacent to it, is now occupied by the Department of Health and Children.

(Data source: DCIHR 18/11/206 (merit rating: not provided); Brooking’s map (1728); Rocque’s map (1756); Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Medium




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

44

Aston Quay/ Westmoreland

Street

OS DN018

315977/ 234338

-

ulysses Plaque

Refer to AC18 for contextual description. This plaque is set in the pavement outside the Ballast office. The inscription on this plaque reads: “Mr. Bloom smiled O rocks at two windows of the ballast office”.


Note: Refer also to AC18, AC21, AC33, AC42, AC52, and AC59.

High

45

Traffic island south of

O’Connell Bridge

OS DN018

315997/ 234349

-

People’s Island

This site comprises a series of brass, bronze and concrete footprints and bird tracks, designed by Rachel Joynt in 1988, which are set into the pavement of a traffic island just south of O’Connell Bridge (Hill 1998, 234). The significance of the footprints and bird tracks lie in their ability to represent the passage of time in a modern streetscape.

(Data sources: Hill 1998, 234; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

High

46

No. 12 Burgh Street

OS DN018

316163/ 234378

RPS 1024 (DCC)

Corn Exchange

The present building comprises a five-bay two-storey building with a basement and was built between 1816 and 1818 by George Halpin in granite ashlar with a rusticated ground floor and smooth faced first floor in the Italiante palazzo tradition. There are granite steps and cast-iron railings fronting on the street. The rear of the site has been replaced with a modern office building.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/11/160 (merit rating: regional); DCC, 2005; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Very high

47

No. 13 Burgh Street/Corn Exchange

Place

OS DN018

316188/ 234386

RPS 1025 (DCC)

Irish Press Building (Tivoli Theatre)

The area in which this building is located is shown on Brooking’s map (1728) as having been reclaimed by this date and buildings are shown; their function as a press building is not labelled.

This building is first annotated on the 1st Edition 25 inch OS map (1864) as “Printing Works”, on the 2nd Edition OS 25 inch (1911) as “Theatre”, and on the 3rd Edition OS 25 inch (1939–1940) as “Printing Works”. It currently functions as the “Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service”.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/11/161 (merit rating: not provided); Brooking’s map (1728); 1st Edition 25 inch OS map (1864); 2nd (1911) and 3rd (1939–1940) Edition 25 inch OS maps; DCC, 2005; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

48

Hawkins Street

OS DN018

316114/ 234388

RPS 1015 (DCC)

Patrick Sheahan Monument

This monument, designed by W.P. O’Neill and sculpted by W.P. Harrison and Sons, was unveiled in 1906 to commemorate Patrick Sheahan, a member of the metropolitan police force, who died in 1905 whilst trying to save his colleague and a workman who had been overcome by fumes in the main sewer close to the site of the monument (DCC 2006, 28).

(Data sources: DCC 2006, 25; Headland Archaeology, 2009).


Very high

49

Aston Quay

OS DN018

315948/ 234339

RMP

DU018-020427

quay

This site extends from and includes present-day Aston Quay, Crampton Quay and Wellington Quay and includes upstanding as well as potential subsurface remains.

Although Aston Quay takes its name from Henry Aston, who held the lease for a section of land there, it is also referred to in early sources as Hawkin’s Quay. It appears that in 1662–1663 William Hawkins built the first permanent quay wall on or near the present day wall. This wall extended from Hawkins Street to what is now Temple Lane (De Courcy 1996, 12–13) and is illustrated on plans of Dublin by De Gomme (1673) and Phillips (1685). A reference to a dispute between Mynard Christian and William Hawkins in 1669 (Gilbert 1894, 475), regarding the intrusion of Hawkin’s building programme onto Christian’s land at Lazy Hill, could indicate that the wall was substantially complete by that date. Certainly the wall was completed by 1683 (Gilbert 1895, 279) and its position appears to tie in directly to the position of the later quay wall shown on 18th century maps (e.g. Brooking and Rocque), suggesting that the quays were developed along this line. There appears to be very little difference between the position of the modern quay, the position of the 18th century quay and the section of Hawkin’s wall, which corresponds to Aston Quay (Bolger, 2004).

There are references to Aston’s Quay (by that name) from 1708 (De Courcy 1996, 12–13) and it is illustrated and annotated on Brooking’s map (1728).

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

49

Aston Quay

OS DN018

315948/ 234339

RMP

DU018-020427

On the latter map, as well as on Rocque’s map (1756), the quay is shown extending from Hawkins Street to Angelsea Street; thus it included a portion of present-day Burgh Quay at this time. Both Brooking (1728) and Rocque (1756) name it as Aston’s Quay, however, as late as 1800 a survey map from the Wide Streets Commission (WSC/Maps/174) notes “Hawkins commonly called Aston’s Quay”.

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; DCC Archives; Casey 2005, 438; Bennett 2005, 204; Gilbert 1894; Gilbert 1895; Bolger 2004; De Gomme’s map (1673); Phillip’s map (1685); Brooking’s map (1728); Rocque’s map (1756); Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Note: Refer to Annex M, Book 5 of this EIS for further information regarding this site.


Very high

50

Burgh Quay

OS DN018

316032/ 234373

-


On Rocque’s map (1756) a building fronting onto the River Liffey is shown between Aston Quay and George’s Quay, i.e. within Hawkins Street and White’s Lane. Brooking (1728) shows a building in this location also. In addition, Brooking depicts a building at the eastern end of Aston Quay (now part of Burgh Quay), to the immediate west of Hawkins Street, which extended further onto the quayside than the rest of the frontage.

As the demolition of these buildings was required to accommodate the construction of Burgh Quay in the early 19th century (Duncan’s map (1821)), it is possible that subsurface remains of these buildings are present beneath the current quayside.

(Data sources: Rocque’s map (1756); Brooking (1728); Duncan’s map (1821)).

Note: Refer to Annex M, Book 5 of this EIS for further information regarding Burgh Quay.

High




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

51

O’Connell Bridge

OS DN018

315989/ 234391

RPS 895 (DCC)

O’Connell Bridge

The current O’Connell bridge was constructed in 1876–1880 by Bindon Blood Stoney as an extension to Gandon’s 1795 bridge on the site which was found to be too narrow and too steeply pitched to cope with increased volumes in the 19th century. A handsome and impressive structure not least for its considerable width, O’Connell Bridge forms a central part of one of the city’s most important vistas, sweeping around from the Bank of Ireland at College Green right down to Parnell Square at the north. Fine cast-iron and stone detailing contribute to its architectural and artistic significance. O’Connell Bridge has the distinction of being as wide as it is long and carries eight lanes of traffic with a central pedestrian island having cast-iron lamps standards similar in design to those which crown the parapets. Two plaques, entitled “Carlisle Bridge Plaque” are present on the east and west parapets of the bridge. These read: “Built in 1794. Rebuilt by the Dublin Port and Docks Board 1880 renamed by the Municipal Council 1880 …”



Very high

52

O’Connell Bridge

OS DN018

315964/ 234405

-

ulysses Plaque

Refer to AC18 for contextual description. This plaque is set in the pavement at the northwestern corner of O’Connell Bridge. The inscription on the plaque reads as follows: “As he set foot on O’Connell Bridge a puffball of smoke plumed up from the parapet”.



High




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

53

River Liffey/Eden Quay/Burgh Quay

OS DN018

316060/ 234420

RMP

DU018-020155

Ferry Site

This site is annotated on Rocque’s map (1756) as “Old Ferry” site and is shown extending from Hawkins Wall to Ferryboat Lane (Burgh Quay to Eden Quay). Following a grant in 1652, Nathaniel Folkes, a member of the guild of tailors and captain of the city militia, had achieved a monopoly on all the city’s ferry services, thus the ferry site would have been under his influence at this time. In the year of 1675, a ferry is recorded at this location in the Amory lease; it is possible that the “Old Ferry” was the only operational ferry in the city at this time (De Courcy 1996, 152–155).

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Rocque’s map (1756); De Courcy 1996, 152–155).

Very high

54

Bachelors Walk/Eden

Quay

OS DN018

315923/ 234392

RMP

DU018-020428

quay

This site comprises the stretch of quay on the west and east side of O’Connell Bridge north of the River Liffey. A lease granted to Jonathan Amory in 1675 entitled him to reclaim the strand on the north bank of the River Liffey east of the Pill and it was between this year and 1685 that the quay was built (De Courcy 1996, 15). Originally Bachelors Walk included present-day Eden Quay (Casey 2005, 104) and is annotated as such on Brookings (1728) map. It was already a busy commercial site at this time (De Courcy 1996, 15). A number of houses dating to the early 19th century remain along Bachelors Walk today (Casey 2005, 104). Rocque’s map (1756) shows the quay extending from “Lower Liffey Street” to “Union or Ferry Boat Lane” just north of present-day Marlborough Street and again the entire quay is labelled as “Bachelor’s Walk”. “Iron Key” (AC55) is shown to the east of the terminal point of the quay.

The section of quay to the east of O’Connell Street was developed into “Eden Quay” in the early 19th century (Casey 2005, 191) and incorporated the former site of the “Iron Key” (AC55). A handful of 19th century structures survive along the quay, however, it is primarily characterised by a mix of post 1916 rebuilding (Casey 2005, 191). The quay walls along Bachelors Walk and Eden Quay consist of battered ashlar limestone and ashlar granite parapet walls with dressed stone coping. They are abutted by recent pavement to the north elevation of the parapet wall and to the south elevation by a modern steel and timber boardwalk.

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

54

Bachelors Walk/Eden

Quay

OS DN018

315923/ 234392

RMP

DU018-020428

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/11/001 (merit rating: not provided); SMR Archives; De Courcy 1996, 15; Casey 2005, 104 and 191; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Note: Refer to Annex M, Book 5 of this EIS for further detail regarding Bachelors Walk and Eden Quay.

Note: Refer also to AH165 and AH166 in the Material Assets: Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24).

Very high

55

Eden Quay

OS DN018

316105/ 234473

RMP

DU018-020461

quay

In 1733 the city ordered that a quay be built on its own land at what was then the east end of Bachelors Walk. Named as “Iron Key” on Rocque’s map (1756), this quay had a river frontage of about 30m. A document of 1781 refers to it as the “Iron Yard”. The quay was approached from “Ship Buildings” and “Union or Ferry Boat Lane” at the end of Bachelors Walk (Rocque’s map (1756); De Courcy 1996, 202).

When Marlborough Street was extended southwards in the early 19th century, and the section of quay to the east of O’Connell Street was developed into “Eden Quay” (AC54), the “Iron Key” was replaced. The site of this quay now lies largely under the junction of Eden Quay and Marlborough Street.

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Rocque’s map (1756); De Courcy 1996, 202).

Very high

56

O’Connell Street Lower

OS DN018

315965/ 234447

National Monument

RPS 6103 (DCC)

daniel O’Connell Monument

This statue, sculpted by John Henry Foley and his assistant Thomas Brock, is designated as a National Monument and commemorates Daniel O’Connell, the Irish “Liberator”. The statue was unveiled in 1882. Bullet holes resulting from the 1916 Easter Rising can be seen in the base of the monument (Bennett 2005, 255; DCC 2003, 5).

(Data sources: RMP; DCC, 2005; Bennett 2005, 255; DCC 2003, 5; Headland Archaeology, 2009).


Very high

57

O’Connell Street Lower/ Eden Quay

OS DN018

316031/ 234469

RMP

DU018-129

17th Century Burial

Archaeological testing revealed a human skull in association with 13th–18th century finds. The skull has been dated to the late 17th–18th century on the basis of the associated riverine depositional sequence and the dates of the quayside developments (SMR Archives).


Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

58

O’Connell Street Lower/ Harbour Court

OS DN018

315997/ 234483

RMP

DU018-020154

glasshouse Site

Buildings are first shown on this site on Brooking’s map (1728), however their function is not labelled. This structure is first annotated on Rocque’s map (1756) as “Glass House” and its site is depicted as having been rectangular and fronting onto Bachelors Walk to the south; it was delineated by Great Abbey Street to the north. According to Rocque’s map, the site measured approximately 16m east–southeast/west–northwest and 57m north–northwest/south–southeast. The glass house building measured approximately 23m north/south and 16m east/west and is depicted on Rocque’s map at the north of the site fronting onto Great Abbey Street. The buildings currently on the site (modern offices) do not display any similar layout patterns to the glasshouse building or site; no known remains survive.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/11/201 (merit rating: not provided); RMP; SMR Archives; Brooking’s map (1728); Rocque’s map (1756); Headland Archaeology, 2009)

Very high

59


OS DN018

315941/ 234474

-

ulysses Plaque

Refer to AC18 for contextual description. This plaque is set in the pavement outside No. 49 O’Connell Street. The inscription on this plaque reads: “Pineapple rock, lemon platt, butter scotch … among the warm sweet fumes of Graham Lemons”.



High

60

Nos. 87–90 Middle Abbey

Street

OS DN018

315829/ 234536

RPS 18 (DCC)

Printing Works

This structure, known as “Independent House” was designed by Robert Donnelly and built in 1924. It is part of a long tradition of newspaper publishing on Middle Abbey Street with the former offices of “The Nation” newspaper having previously occupied part of the site. This building, from which three of Ireland’s major newspapers were printed and distributed, is an important component of the country’s publishing heritage and is of significance within Dublin’s industrial heritage. The building is still extant.


Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

61


OS DN018

315954/ 234497

National Monument

RPS 6105 (DCC)

William Smith O’Brien Monument

This statue is by Thomas Farrell and was paid for by public subscription. It was commissioned by a committee led by the 19th century radicals John Martin and John Blake Dillon and unveiled in 1870 in memory of William Smith O’Brien, an Irish revolutionary. The inscription on the monument reads “Born 17th Oct. 1803. Sentenced to death for high treason on the 9th Oct. 1848. Died 16th June 1854”. The statue originally stood at the southern end of Carlisle Bridge before being moved to its present position in 1929 (Bennett 2005, 254; DCC 2003, 9).

(Data sources: RMP; DCC, 2005; Bennett 2005, 254; DCC, 2003, 9; Headland Archaeology, 2009).


Very high

62

Abbey Street Lower

OS DN018

316172/ 234602

RMP

DU018-020500

dwellings Site

De Gomme’s map of 1673 shows a group of four houses near the north shore of the River Liffey directly opposite the east end of Hawkins wall on the south bank (De Courcy 1996, 189). The area had become fully reclaimed and built upon by the time of its depiction on Brooking’s map (1728). It is not possible to determine if the structures represented on De Gomme’s map (1673) are present on Brooking’s map (1728) which depicts blocks of buildings rather than individual structures. No visible trace of any of these structures remains.

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; De Gomme’s map (1673); Brooking’s map (1728); De Courcy 1996, 189).

Very high

63

Abbey Street Lower

OS DN018

316175/ 234632

RMP

DU018-020499

glasshouses Site

This site is shown on Rocque’s map (1756) to the north of a line of dwellings that front onto “Ship Buildings” (now Abbey Street Lower); access to the site appears to have been from this street. As depicted on this map, the maximum length of the site extends for approximately 70m north/south; the maximum width of the site extends for approximately 35m east/west. Excluding the entranceway from “Ship Buildings”, the site displays a rectangular morphology. Two circular glasshouse factories, each with diameters of approximately 16m, are depicted at the north of the site. The buildings currently on the site do not display any similar layout patterns to the original site or glasshouses factories; no known remains survive.

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Rocque’s map (1756)).

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

64

Potter’s Alley

OS DN018

316135/ 234644

-

Site of dublin glass Works

Buildings are first depicted on this site on Rocque’s map (1756). These buildings are noted as “Dublin Glass Works” on historic OS maps dating to 1843 and 1871–1875. Although they are depicted on the later OS map (1911 and 1939–1940) they are not labelled. No known remains of the original buildings survive. Offices are now present on the site.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/071 (merit rating: not provided); Rocque’s map (1756); 1st (1843) and 2nd (1871–1875) Edition 6 inch OS maps; 2nd (1911) and 3rd (1939–1940) Edition 25 inch OS maps; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Medium

65

O’Connell Street

Lower and O’Connell

Street Upper

OS DN018

315889/ 234639

-


O’Connell Street is first illustrated on Brooking’s map (1728) as a narrow well developed street called Drogheda Street connecting Abbey Street to present-day Parnell Street. The first major development to O’Connell Street took place in 1749 when Luke Gardiner laid out Gardiner’s Mall and Sackville Street (O’Connell Street Upper). This was achieved through the demolition of the buildings on the street’s western side between Parnell Street and Henry Street. This redevelopment is clearly illustrated on Rocque’s map (1756). On this map O’Connell Street Lower (labelled as Drogheda Street) terminates at the intersection with Abbey Street. The section of O’Connell Street Lower between Abbey Street and the River Liffey is occupied by approximately 17 property plots and associated side streets (The Lotts, Bachelors Lane).

O’Connell Street Lower (Henry Street to the Abbey Street) continued to be named Drogheda Street until 1785 when it was extended to the River Liffey and remodelled so as to be incorporated by Sackville Street. This development work was undertaken by Luke Gardiner’s grandson in conjunction with the WSC, who widened and extended the thoroughfare to the River Liffey during the 1780–1790s. This necessitated the demolition of approximately 30 property plots/buildings as depicted on Rocque’s map (1756) on the west side of Drogheda Street, The Lotts and Bachelors Walk.

In addition to cartographic and historic evidence, the analysis of previous excavations (EIS Excavation Nos. 44 and 49–52 included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS) has revealed that 17th and 18th century structural remains have been identified in O’Connell Street. Therefore, it is possible that subsurface remains of 17th and 18th century structures may be present beneath the current central and western streetscape of O’Connell Street Lower and O’Connell Street Upper.

(Data sources: Clarke 1977, 55; Rocque’s map (1756); Doyle 2009c; Doyle 2009d; Bennett 2003, Ref. 2001:397; Bennett 2004, Ref. 2002:569; Bennett 2007a, Ref. 2003:561).

Note: Refer to Annex M, Book 5 of this EIS for further information regarding O’Connell Street.

High




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

66

Upper O’Connell Street to

Parnell Street

OS DN018

Various

-

Site of Tramway: Nelson’s Pillar to Phoenix Park

This tramline ran along the following streets falling within the study area: Upper O’Connell Street and Parnell Street.

The Dublin tramway system was in its day seen as the most efficient of its type in Europe and had the seventh largest electric tramway network in the world. This tramline, which ran from Nelson’s Pillar to the Phoenix Park, was opened in 1876 as an extension of the line from Donnybrook and closed in 1940. The line was electrified in 1898–1899 becoming the first cross-city electric service. No evidence of the tramline, or any associated street furniture, was identified during the field survey. There is a low potential for subsurface remains of this site to be present beneath the current streetscape.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/027 (merit rating: record only); 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911); Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Medium

67

O’Connell Street Upper

OS DN018

315840/ 234898

-

Taxi drivers’ Shrine

This site comprises a small red shrine housing a statue of the Sacred Heart, generally known as the “Taxi Drivers’ Shrine” and commemorates the taxi drivers of Dublin. It was erected by the taxi drivers around the time of the Eucharistic Congress in 1932 and restored in 2001.


High




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

68

Cathal Brugha Street/

Findlater Place/

Marlborough Street

OS DN018

315947/ 234969

RMP

DU018-020504

Church Possible and graveyard Site

The graveyard was in use from c. 1700–1882 (Dublin Public Libraries 1990, 77). It is not depicted on Rocque’s map (1756), although Rocque does show an area of open ground beside Marlborough Street at this location. The graveyard is depicted on the 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843) and is labelled as “disused” on the 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911).

The church was built between 1758 and 1762 by John Smyth. Its façade was modelled on Palladio’s Redentore in Venice and it comprised flanking screen walls which stretched to 182 feet (55.5m). It closed a vista of half a mile along Gloucester Street (Casey 2005, 125). The church is depicted on the 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843), named as St. Thomas’s Church on the 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911) and is shown to the north of the graveyard. A parish hall is also depicted to the immediate north of the church. There are no visible surface remains of the church, graveyard or parish hall.

The site of the parish hall is now largely occupied by a freestanding gable-fronted red brick church (refer to AH244 in the Material Assets: Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24)) that was built in 1931 (Casey 2005, 125). The associated graveyard was cleared and is now traversed by Cathal Brugha Street, as is the majority of the original church site. The remains were re-interred in Mount Jerome during the mid 1920s (SMR Archive).

(Data Sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Dublin Public Libraries 1990, 77; Casey 2005, 125; Rocque’s map (1756); 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843); 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911); Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Very high

69

Nos. 10–14 Findlater

Place

OS DN018

315912/ 234988

-

Site of Printing Works

Buildings are shown in this location on Brooking’s map (1728), although Rocque’s map (1756) shows this area to be an open plot at the corner between Summer Hill (now Parnell Street) and Marlborough Street. The area appears to have been built upon by the time of its depiction on Duncan’s map (1821). This site is noted on the 2nd (1911) and 3rd (1939–1940) Edition 25 inch OS maps as “Printing Works”. There are no known remains of the original structure. A hotel, the Academy Plaza, has since been built on the site.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/079 (merit rating: not provided); Brooking’s map (1728); Rocque’s map (1756); Duncan’s map (1821); 2nd (1911) and 3rd (1939–1940) Edition 25 inch OS maps; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Medium




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

70

Rutland Place

OS DN018

315862/ 235088

-

Fodhla Printing Works

Former printing works, built c. 1920, now in use as a car park. Surviving remains comprise sections of random-rubble walls with concrete render to external face and new sections added to increase height of walls. Roof removed and replaced with flat concrete roof c. 2000. Though little now survives of this former printing works, it was one of a number of printing presses found in Dublin city centre and as such it is of industrial heritage significance within the city and in particular within its immediate locality.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/090 (merit rating: record Only); Headland Archaeology, 2009).

High

71

Area delineated by Parnell

Square West to the southwest, Mountjoy Square

East to the northeast,

Parnell Street to the southeast

and Dorset Street to the northwest

OS DN018

315821/ 235109

RMP

DU018-020495

Cemetery Possible

It is possible that a Norse cemetery is located within this area. An article by Patrick Traynor points to remains encountered around North Great Georges Street, Summerhill, Gardiner’s Row, Mountjoy Square and the surrounding area, which consisted of human remains, spears and swords and may have been associated with the Battle of Clontarf (Traynor 1897, 106). In addition, an essay published in Dublin Magazine in 1763 (SMR Archive) refers to human remains, spears, rivets and swords discovered during construction associated with the Rotunda Gardens, Cavendish Row and Granby Row. The latter article states “when the New-Gardens [Rotunda gardens] were forming, vast quantities of human bones were discovered; in some places three, in others two feet beneath the surface of the earth. The same appearance was found upon laying open the ground in Cavendish Row and the same is now to be seen in Granby Row … [It is possible that] … this was the ground whereon the last great battle was fought between Bryan Boiromhe and the Danes, AD1014” (Dublin Magazine June 1763 – SMR Archive). The portion of this site that falls within the study area may be roughly described as being delineated by Parnell Street to the southeast, Mountjoy Square East to the northeast, Parnell Square West to the southwest and Dorset Street to the northwest.

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Traynor 1897, 106).

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

72

O’Connell Street Upper

OS DN018

315815/ 234976

National Monument

RPS 6127 (DCC)

Charles Stewart Parnell Monument, Four Cast Iron Bollards and Plaque

This monument, commissioned by the Parnell Committee, was unveiled in 1911 in memory of Charles Stewart Parnell, an Irish Protestant and leading nationalist politician who was founder and leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party. The monument was designed by Augustus Saint-Gaudens and was paid for by public subscription (DCC 2003, 17). The monument is currently in the care of DCC. To the immediate south of this monument are four mid-Victorian cast-iron bollards with foliate ornament (Casey 2005, 220). These bollards surround a plaque set into the pavement which is entitled the “Parnell Monument” and is a centenary bronze plaque to the sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens. It was designed by Lawrence J. Nowlan. The unveiling of this plaque was attended by over a hundred people on 25th October 2007 (National Park Service (NPS) 2009 (electronic source)).

(Data sources: DCC, 2005; DCC 2003, 17 and 20; Casey 2005, 220; NPS 2009 (Electronic source)); Headland Archaeology, 2009).


Very high

73

Parnell Street

OS DN018

315761/ 234939

-


Analysis of historic OS maps dating to 1843 and 1911 show that Parnell Street has been redeveloped, primarily from Moore Street to Gardiner Street since its original layout in the first half of the 18th century which is identifiable on Rocque’s map (1756).

Recent archaeological investigations within the area have identified evidence of post-medieval urban settlement (EIS Excavation Nos. 55, 58 and 59 included in Annex M, Book 5, of this EIS). It is therefore possible that subsurface remains of former 18th century structures may be present beneath the current streetscape within the study area from Moore Street to Gardiner Street.

(Data sources: 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843); 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911); Rocque’s map (1756); Bennett 2008, Ref. 2005:461; Bennett 2007a, Ref. 2003:557; Bennett 2001, Ref. 1999:224).

Note: Refer to Annex M, Book 5 of this EIS for additional information on this site.

High




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

74

Moore Street/ Parnell Street/Moore Lane

OS DN018

315747/ 234821

-

Brick Field

On Brooking’s map (1728), a range of buildings are shown at this location; however, it is not possible to determine their nature. Rocque (1756) depicts the location of this site as being open and undeveloped, devoid of any structures. A range of buildings are subsequently shown here on Duncan’s map (1821), the 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843) and the 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911). The site is not annotated on any of these maps thus it is difficult to determine which, if any, of these maps the site is represented on. No extant remains of this site survive; however, it is possible that subsurface remains associated with this site are present.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/110 (merit rating: not provided); Brooking’s map (1728); Rocque’s map (1756); Duncan’s map (1821); 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843); 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911); Headland Archaeology, 2009).

High

75

Nos. 14–17 Moore Street

OS DN018

315720/ 234771

National Monument

PO 1/2007

Nos. 14–17 Moore Street National Monument Constraint Area

Nos. 14–17 Moore Street is the location where the Irish rebel leaders decided to surrender to British crown forces after the 1916 Easter Rising. Although these buildings do not fall within the study area, a portion of the National Monument constraint area associated with these structures does fall within it.

(Data sources: DoEHLG, 2007; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

76

Dominick Street

OS DN018

315592/ 234803

-


Dominick Street (Lower and Upper) is not depicted on Brooking’s map (1728). Brooking instead shows an uninterrupted street frontage on the north side of Great Britain Street (now Parnell Street). This suggests that buildings formerly fronting present-day Parnell Street were demolished to make way for Dominick Street Lower which was constructed in the 1750s (Rocque’s map (1756)). Subsurface remains associated with the buildings depicted by Brooking could, therefore, survive beneath the southern end of Dominick Street Lower at its junction with Parnell Street.

Dominick Street Upper was not laid out until after 1810 (Bennett 2005, 66). Prior to this a number of buildings are shown on Rocque’s map (1756) in the vicinity of the present-day Dorset Street/Dominick Street Upper junction and approximately mid-way on Dominick Street Upper. Demolition of these buildings would have been necessary in order to facilitate the construction of Dominick Street Lower. Consequently, it is possible that subsurface remains of these structures, including basements, are present beneath the current streetscape at the eastern end of Dominick Street Lower in the vicinity of its junction with Dorset Street, and also beneath the mid section of Dominick Street Lower.

On the 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843) the entire length of Dominick Street Lower and the eastern portion of Dominick Street Upper, from its junction with Dorset Street to approximately halfway up the street, is shown as having structures on either side. During the 1960s many of the Georgian buildings present on Dominick Street Lower and Upper were demolished by Dublin Corporation. As a result, it is therefore possible that basements associated with these dwellings survive beneath the current streetscape.

(Data sources: Bennett 2005, 66; Brooking’s map (1728), Rocque’s map (1756); 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843).

Note: refer to Annex M, Section 1.1, Book 5 of this EIS for further information regarding this site.

High

77

King’s Inns Street/

Dominick Street

OS DN018

315481/ 234808

-

Site of Saw Mills (soap works)

The area is shown as open ground on Rocque’s map (1756) and buildings are first shown on this site on Duncan’s map (1821). The site is first noted and annotated on the 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911) as “Soap works” and on the 3rd Edition 25 inch OS map (1939–1940) as “Saw mills”. No above-ground remains survive. The site is currently in use by FÁS Employment Services.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/058 (merit rating: not provided); Rocque’s map (1756); Duncan’s map (1821); 2nd (1911) and 3rd (1939–1940) Edition 25 inch OS maps; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Medium




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

78

No. 3 Henrietta

Street

OS DN018

315265/ 234966

RMP

DU018-020534

RPS 3722 (DCC)

dwelling

This building comprises a terraced four-bay four-storey over basement double-pile house, with a lime rendered rubble stone basement area at the front (to the northeast). The house has a pitched double-pile roof with red brick chimneystacks and a running bond red brick parapet wall with dressed limestone coping stones. The walls are of Flemish bond red brick with the exception of the basement which has lime rendered rubble stone walls with chamfered limestone capping. The external features of the house, described here, indicate that it was built after 1755 (Dublin Civic Trust 2003, 15). Buildings are shown in this location on Rocque’s map (1756); however it is not possible to determine if this particular structure represents one of those shown.

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Dublin Civic Trust 2003, 15; DCC, 2005; Rocque’s map (1756); Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Very high

79

No. 4 Henrietta

Street

OS DN018

315250/ 234973

RMP

DU018-020515

RPS 3723 (DCC)

dwelling

The present building is a terraced four-bay four-storey over basement house, built in 1744 (Dublin Civic Trust 2003, 15), with a basement area at the front (to the southwest). The roof has red brick chimneystacks concealed behind a running bond red brick parapet wall with dressed limestone coping stones. The walls are of Flemish bond red brick, with lined-and-ruled rendered walls at basement level surmounted by tooled limestone coping/plinth.

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Dublin Civic Trust 2003, 15; DCC, 2005; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Very high

80

No. 7 Henrietta

Street

OS DN018

315225/ 234984

RMP

DU018-020516

RPS 3726 (DCC)

dwelling

Construction of this house began in 1739; it was completed by 1743 (Casey 2005, 195). The present building is a terraced four-bay four-storey over basement house with a basement area at the front (to the southwest) and a piano-nobile at first floor level. The roof has a red brick chimneystack concealed behind an English bond red brick parapet wall with dressed limestone coping stones. The walls are of Flemish bond red brick, but rendered at basement level, where the wall is surmounted by tooled limestone coping/plinth.

(Data sources: RMP; SMR Archives; Casey 2005, 195; DCC, 2005; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

81

No. 9 Henrietta

Street

OS DN018

315206/ 234997

RMP

DU018-020517

RPS 3728 (DCC)

dwelling

The present building is a terraced five-bay three-storey over basement house with a dormer attic built in 1731 (Dublin Civic Trust 2003, 13). It has a basement area at the front (to the southwest) and a piano-nobile at first floor level. The roof is pitched and has a red brick chimneystack and a dentilated rendered eaves course. The walls are of Flemish bond red brick and have a render sill course at first floor level. The walls are rendered and channelled lined-and-ruled at ground floor level and surmounted by a render string course. The wall is simply rendered at basement level and surmounted by tooled limestone coping/plinth.


Very high

82

No. 10 Henrietta

Street

OS DN018

315192/ 235002

RMP

DU018-020518

RPS 3729 (DCC)

dwelling

The present building is a terraced eight-bay three-storey over basement house, built c. 1731 (Dublin Civic Trust 2003, 12). It has a rendered basement area and former integral carriage arch at the front (to the southwest). The roof is pitched and has a red brick chimneystack, concealed behind a rendered parapet wall. The walls are rendered walls and have a moulded render string course at eaves level and a channelled rendered wall at ground floor level surmounted by a render string course. There are rendered walls at basement level.


Very high

83

Henrietta Street

OS DN018

315192/ 235040

-

Laundry

The present building comprises an attached multiple-bay single-storey laundry, built c. 1890 by the Daughters of Charity. There is a pitched artificial slate roof with skylights, brown brick chimney stack and brick eaves course. The walls are pebble-dashed. It is located to the rear of the Daughters of Charity Religious Order.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/041 (merit rating: regional); Headland Archaeology, 2009).

High




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

84

Constitution Hill/Western

Way

OS DN018

315043/ 235167

-


A number of dwellings are depicted on Rocque’s map (1756) and Duncan’s map (1821) in the area currently comprising the Constitution Hill/Western Way junction. These buildings are no longer extant; however, it is possible that subsurface remains survive beneath the current streetscape.

(Data sources: Rocque’s map (1756); Duncan’s map (1821); Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Note: Refer to Annex M, Book 5 of this EIS for further detail regarding Constitution Hill and Western Way.

High

85

Royal Canal Bank

OS DN018

315031/ 235166

RPS 7575 (DCC)

Royal Canal Bank Railings, Entrance gates and Perimeter Stone Walls including Stone Wall and embankment of Royal Canal Bank

A park/children’s playground was built in c. 1956 on the site of a section of the former Broadstone Branch of the Royal Canal, construction of which began c. 1796. This canal section was located east of Constitution Hill/Phibsborough Road and ran in a northerly direction towards the main canal (Royal Canal). The park incorporates part of the canal embankment and wall. The wall is of snecked ashlar limestone with a rolled string course to its western face and it is topped by convex capping and recent railings. The southern end of the wall has a rounded termination while to the north there is a pair of square-profile ashlar limestone terminal piers.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/039 (merit rating: local); DCC, 2005; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Note: Refer to site AC88 for section of this canal spur and harbour west of Constitution Hill/Phibsborough Road and Foster Aqueduct (AC86).

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

86

Constitution Hill

OS DN018

315025/ 235161

RPS 987/2057

Foster Aqueduct

This structure was erected by the Royal Canal Company, and designed by Millar and Ruddery, at the beginning of the 19th century. It carried the Broadstone Branch of the Royal Canal (AC85 and AC88) across the Phibsborough Road/Constitution Hill junction (Bennett 2005, 102). The bridge stood at a height of 15 feet, spanned 30 feet in width and had two arched passages on either side for foot passengers (Bennett 2005, 102). Following the infilling, in c. 1877, of Broadstone Harbour and the section of the Broadstone Branch west of Constitution Hill/Phibsborough Road (AC88), the aqueduct was used as a road to provide access to the former Broadstone station terminal building (AC89). This usage is shown on historic OS maps dating to 1911, 1925 and 1948. The site is noted as “Foster Aqueduct” on the 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843) and “Aqueduct” on the 2nd Edition 6 inch OS map (1871–1875). It is depicted but not labelled on the 2nd (1911) and 3rd Edition (1939–1940) 25 inch maps. The aqueduct was removed in 1951 to assist road widening in the area (Bennett 2005, 102; Casey 2005, 282).

An aquatint by James George Oben depicts the aqueduct at the beginning of the 19th century (Oben 1813, British Library Online Gallery). Foster Aqueduct forms the focal point of the aquatint and consists of a freestanding, single arch ashlar limestone aqueduct. The arch is flanked by pilasters and splayed abutments with coping stones. Spandrels are located over the arch with a parapet, which has a string-course and coping stones.

Possible remains of this aqueduct are located on the western side of Constitution Hill/Phibsborough Road immediately east of a statue of the Virgin Mary (AC87). The remains consist of a section of retaining wall flanked by breakfront piers. The east elevation of the wall and piers is partially rendered but sections of the original ashlar limestone structure are visible towards the base of the northern pier. A shallow section of the northern elevation of the northern pier remains bare and has a rusticated ashlar limestone surface. The remains possibly represent what would have been the western retaining wall of the original structure. The remains are stable (Headland Archaeology, 2009) and the wall now forms part of the curtilage features of the former Broadstone station terminal building (AC89; RPS 987/2057).

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/038 (merit rating: not provided); Bennett 2005, 102; Casey 2005, 282; 1st (1843) and 2nd (1871–1875) Edition 6 inch OS maps; 2nd (1911) and 3rd (1939–1940) Edition 25 inch OS maps; 1925 and 1948 OS revision maps; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

87

Broadstone

OS DN018

315015/ 235159

-

Statue of Virgin Mary

This statue is located outside the former Broadstone station terminal building (AC89) to the immediate west of an ashlar limestone wall which comprises the remains of Foster Aqueduct (AC86). It is located in an area surrounded by a low curved wall topped by a railing and is facing east looking out over the Constitution Hill/Western Way/Phibsborough Road junction. The statue was sculpted by A. Powers and Sons. The inscription on the base reads: “Erected by the employees of Córas Iompair Éireann to the honour and glory of our lady queen of peace, May 1953. Pray for us.”


High

88

Broadstone

OS DN018

314933/ 235081

-

Infilled harbour and section of Broadstone Branch of Royal Canal west of Constitution hill/Phibsborough Road

The Broadstone Harbour (DCHIR 18/07/37), which opened in 1807, was built as a terminal for the Broadstone Branch of the Royal Canal and is clearly depicted on Duncan’s map (1821). The harbour is represented on the 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843) to the immediate north of the present-day BAC Phibsborough Garage. It is shown as measuring approximately 150m in length, 50m in width at its southern extent and 30m in width at its northern extent. In 1845 the MGWR purchased the Royal Canal Company to run their new railway to Mullingar on the land alongside the canal. The MGWR soon lost interest in the canal business and in 1877 they applied for and obtained legislation empowering them to fill in the harbour. Their plans for this area are recorded in a drawing held in the Irish Railway Record Society (IRRS) Archive (MGWR 1877a).

When the harbour opened in 1807, a branch of canal linked it with the main Royal Canal; this branch, construction of which began in c.1796, was known as the “Broadstone Line” and extended in a north/south orientation along what is now known as the “Royal Canal Bank” (AC85). The canal was carried over the Constitution Hill/Phibsborough Road intersection by Foster Aqueduct (AC86); at this point the canal extended in a southwest/northeast direction, directly in front of the site where the former Broadstone station terminal building (AC89) was later built and is located today. The canal then entered Broadstone Harbour which, as outlined previously, was located to the north of present-day BAC Phibsborough Garage. This section of Broadstone Branch, extending to the south of the former Broadstone station terminal building, was infilled in 1877 at the same time as the harbour. Analysis of a section drawing from the IRRS Archive (MGWR 1877b) illustrates that the depth of the canal base was approximately 7.5 feet (2.3m) below the contemporary (1877) ground level.

High




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

Archaeological monitoring of utility slit trenching carried out approximately 10m southwest of the statue of Virgin Mary (AC87) at Broadstone in 2009 revealed evidence of a limestone wall which may represent the remains of the Broadstone Branch of the Royal Canal (RPA 2009a). This wall was located approximately 0.35–0.38m below the current ground surface (RPA 2009a). Licensed archaeological testing carried out by Headland in April 2010 identified two substantial limestone walls associated with the former Broadstone Branch of the Royal Canal. It is possible that further substantial remains of the canal spur and harbour survive beneath the current surface in the forecourts of the former Broadstone station terminal building the BAC Phibsborough Garage.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/037 (merit rating: record only); Duncan’s map (1821); 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843); 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911); MGWR (1877a); MGWR (1877b); RPA 2009a; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Note: Refer to AC85 for section of this canal spur, north of Foster Aqueduct (AC86).

89

Broadstone

OS DN018

314957/ 235232

RPS 2057/987

(DCC)

MgWR Terminus at Broadstone

This site includes the Broadstone station terminal building, associated workshops and goods sheds to the northeast, the BAC Phibsborough Garage to the southwest and all surviving ashlar, brick and rubble stone boundary and retaining walls within and surrounding the former station building and BAC Phibsborough Garage. The site forms a particularly significant complex within Dublin’s industrial heritage. It is now in use by CIÉ.

The former Broadstone station terminal building built to serve as a terminus to the MGWR was designed by John Skipton Mulvany and opened in 1851. The stark granite main block forms an impressive demonstration of the former railway’s prestige and this was further enhanced by the addition of the elegant cab shed in 1861 which was designed by Wilkinson. A number of large gabled sheds with brick dressing and iron roof trusses are located to the northeast of the Broadstone station terminal building (Casey 2005). They are constructed using traditional techniques and many of them date to the mid-19th century development of the site.

The Broadstone station terminal building, Broadstone Bus Depot and the BAC Phibsborough Garage are separated by a c. 2.5m high wall of dressed rubble stone construction with rounded stone capping (Wall 1). This wall extends from the southwestern corner of the Broadstone station terminal building in line with its front façade and has a pillared entranceway into the Broadstone Bus Depot. The wall subsequently turns at right angles and extends to the south. This section of the wall is curved and incorporates two pillars at its southern extremity.

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

Portions of the surrounding boundary and retaining walls are identified in the Grangegorman Development Agency Masterplan Principles as “high walls” of historic importance; these walls are located to the southwest of the former Broadstone station terminal building and also form part of the St. Brendan’s Hospital Protected Structure complex. A description of these walls is presented in the following text.

Wall 2: Boundary/retaining wall extending in a northerly direction from the northwestern corner of the BAC Phibsborough Garage for c. 100m. It comprises a dressed rubble stone wall with stone capping and is c. 5–6m in height on the Grangegorman side (to the west). However, since there is a substantial difference in ground level between the two sides of this wall, it being much higher on the Broadstone side (to the east), the wall is only visible c. 1.5–2m above ground level on this side.

Wall 3: Boundary/retaining wall adjoining the northern end of Wall 2 and extending for c. 140m in total. It runs in a north–westerly direction for the first 80m from which point it runs in a west–north–westerly direction for approximately 60m. It comprises a dressed rubble stone wall with stone capping that has been replaced in parts by cement render capping. This section of wall measures c. 3–4m in height. However, since there is a substantial difference in ground level between the two sides of the wall, it being much higher on the Broadstone side (to the northeast), the wall is only visible c. 0.4m above ground level on this side.

Wall 4: This wall is located at the northern terminal of Wall 3 and extends for c. 45m in a north-northeast direction. It comprises a dressed rubble stone wall with brick capping and stands c. 4m high. This wall extends a further 155m in a north–northwest direction (this section has a stone capping). At its northern extremity a c. 10m wide entranceway leads into a linear area, which has been highlighted as an area of archaeological potential (AC93).

Historic OS maps depict a number of features associated with the MGWR including the tracks of the former railway line within the boundaries of this site. There are no above-ground remains of these features present within the site boundaries, however there is potential for associated subsurface remains to be present. This is evidenced by the results of archaeological monitoring of a utility slit trench excavated within the Broadstone Bus Depot as part of the proposed scheme’s advance investigative works. Identified within this trench were remains that were possibly associated with the use and/or construction of the MGWR (RPA 2009a).

Table 23.5



AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

The Protected Structure status of this site (RPS 2057/987) extends to cover the former Broadstone station terminal building, four units to the northeast of this building, the BAC Phibsborough Garage and all surviving ashlar, brick and rubble stone boundary and retaining walls within and surrounding the former Broadstone station terminal building and BAC Garage.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/004; railway station terminal building (merit rating: regional); DCIHR 18/07/005; goods shed to northeast of railway station (merit rating: regional); DCC 2005; Casey 2005; Moore Ruble Yudell Architects et al. 2008 [Electronic source]; 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843); 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911); Headland Archaeology, 2009; RPA 2009a).


90

Grange-gorman East (Broadstone)

OS DN018

314963/ 235144

-

Townland Boundary (grangegorman East/dublin City)

Site of townland boundary, now primarily occupied by BAC Phibsborough Garage. No above-ground remains survive, however subsurface remains may be present.

(Data sources: 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843); 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911); Headland Archaeology, 2009).

High

91

Broadstone Bus Depot

OS DN018

314832/ 235203

-

Engine Shed

This site is noted as “Turntable” on the 2nd Edition 6 inch OS map (1875), and as “Engine Shed; turntable” on later OS maps dating to 1911 and 1939–1940. There are no above-ground remains; however, it is possible that subsurface remains of this site are present. The area is currently used as a bus depot.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/07/007 (merit rating: not provided); 2nd Edition 6 inch OS map (1875); 2nd (1911) and 3rd (1939–1940) Edition 25 inch OS maps; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

High

92


OS DN018

314817/ 235301

-

Engine Shed

This site is noted as “Engine Shed” on the historic OS maps dating to 1911 and 1939–1940. There are no above-ground remains; however, it is possible that subsurface remains of this site are present. The area is currently used as a bus depot.


High




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

93

St. Brendan’s Hospital

OS DN018

314731/ 235327

-

Area of Archaeological Potential: Possible Burial Site

According to a Cultural Heritage Assessment carried out on behalf of the Grangegorman Development Agency (2008) there is a significant possibility that unmarked cholera graves from the 1830s outbreak are present in the vicinity of St. Brendan’s Hospital. The report cites the possible location as within the walled lands to the north of the Annex Building, east of H.J. Nolan Brothers and northwest of Marne Villas. The potential extents comprise a rectangular area orientated northeast/southwest and measuring approximately 60×15m. The site is delineated to the northeast by an ashlar stone wall that forms part of the Broadstone Protected Structure (AC89, Wall 4). This wall has a gated opening providing access to this site which is also bounded on its east and west sides by walls that form part of the St. Brendan’s Hospital Protected Structure complex located to the south and west.

It should be noted that the location of this potential site is speculative and is not indicative of the actual scale or known location.

(Data sources: Grangegorman Development Agency 2008, 53–54).

High

94


OS DN018

314813/ 235410

-

Engine house

This site is noted on the historic OS maps dating to 1911 and 1939–1940 as “Engine Shed”. No known above-ground remains survive; however, it is possible that subsurface remains associated with this site are present. The site is currently used as a bus depot.


High




Table 23.6 Baseline categorisation: Area 30 Former Broadstone railway cutting to Broombridge

AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

95

Broadstone to Broombridge

OS DN018

314749/ 235602

-

Midland great Western Railway (MgWR)

Opened in June 1847, the MGWR was one of the key players in Ireland’s western rail expansion. The line reached Galway in 1851, being the first of the lines to do so, and was one of the three largest rail companies operating in 19th century Ireland. Terminating at the former Broadstone station terminal building (AC89), this section of railway was closed to public traffic in 1937 and the tracks are no longer present.

The section of this site falling within the study area extends from the northern end of the MGWR Terminus (AC89), now occupied by Broadstone Bus Depot, to Broombridge Road. It includes a number of features associated with the former MGWR which have been given separate AC numbers (please refer to AC102, AC103, AC105, AC113 and AC114).

The former MGWR cutting, as well as sections of the original railway cutting retaining and boundary walls and embankments still survive along the section of this railway line located between the northern end of the Broadstone Bus Depot and the twin arch railway tunnel (AC104) which now carries the Phoenix Park railway line. There is also potential for subsurface remains associated with this site to be present.

There are two sets of railway cutting walls present (an outer and inner set) except in the area just south of the North Circular Road railway overbridge (AC96) to just north of the Cabra Road railway overbridge (AC98) where there is just the one set. The set of walls present at this location extends for c. 250m and comprises snecked dressed limestone and are c. 7.5–10m in height. At this location the cutting also narrows and there is no embankment present.

In the remaining sections of the railway cutting the outer set of walls delimits the top of the cutting embankment while the inner set delimits the base of the cutting embankment. These two sets of walls are in varying degrees of preservation and both appear to have missing and replacement sections at several locations. A comprehensive assessment of the full extent of the cutting walls was hindered by dense overgrowth at the time of the field inspection. In addition, only the top portion of the outer boundary wall is visible at many locations. It is unclear if this is in consequence of the outer wall being buried behind the cutting embankment, as due to dense overgrowth it is not clear what forms the original

High



AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

top of the embankment at a number of locations. This set of outer walls generally comprises snecked dressed limestone.

The inner set of walls runs along the same line as the retaining/boundary walls visible just south of the North Circular Road railway overbridge (AC96) to just north of the Cabra Road railway overbridge (AC98) and they largely appear to function as a low retaining/boundary wall at the bottom of the embankment on either side of the cutting. They generally comprise snecked limestone walls standing to heights ranging from 0.8 to 1.6m. A section of this inner set of walls forms a boundary with a coal yard (AC102) located to the south of Liffey Junction. This section of the wall extends for approximately 155m, though there is a break in the wall approximately 25m beyond its southeastern limit which presumably once allowed access to the coal yard; there is one stone pillar remaining on the northeastern side of the entrance. This section of the inner retaining walls comprises snecked limestone and stands at a height of approximately 1.6m.


Note: Refer also to site AH364 in the Material Assets: Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24).

96

North Circular Road

OS DN018

314670/ 235753

RPS 884 (DCC)

Railway Overbridge

This bridge, built c. 1846, is one of four bridges lying within the study area that was erected by the MGWR over its railway line; three, including this bridge, remain. This MGWR line opened in 1847 and terminated at the former Broadstone station terminal building (AC89) to the southeast. The skilfully executed stone masonry enhances this bridge’s symmetrical design while the use of a variety of stone finishes adds to the visual appeal of the structure.

It is a single-arch masonry bridge comprising of piers and spandrels with rock-faced limestone block facing. The bridge has an elliptical arch with channelled rusticated voussoirs and dressed limestone impost courses. A dressed limestone plat band is located above the arch. The bridge also has two ashlar limestone parapet walls located at road level with cut-stone coping.


Note: Refer also to site AH369 in the Material Assets: Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24).

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

97

Grange-gorman East/

Grange-gorman Middle

OS DN018

314662/ 235767

-

Townland Boundary (grangegorman East/grangegorman Middle)

Site of townland boundary, now occupied by North Circular Road. No above-ground remains survive, however subsurface remains may be present.

(Data sources: 1st Edition 6 inch OS map (1843); 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911); Casey 2005, 205; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

High

98

Cabra Road

OS DN018

314609/ 235877

RPS 877 (DCC)

Railway overbridge

This bridge was built by the MGWR c. 1846 to carry Cabra Road over the now disused railway cutting (AC95). It is one of four bridges that was erected by the MGWR over its railway line lying within the study area; three, including this bridge, survive. The bridge displays a variety of stone finishes with rock-faced rustication and large blocks being used to add a feeling of solidity to the structure. The skilfully executed stone masonry enhances the bridge’s symmetrical design while the use of a variety of stone finishes adds to the visual appeal of the structure.

It is a single-arch masonry bridge comprising of piers and spandrels with rock-faced limestone block facing. The bridge has an elliptical arch with channelled rusticated voussoirs and dressed limestone impost courses. A dressed limestone plat band is located above the arch. The bridge also has two ashlar limestone parapet walls located at road level with cut-stone coping.


Note: Refer also to AH378 in the Material Assets: Architectural Heritage chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24).

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

99

Fassaugh Road;

Connaught Street

OS DN01885

314456/ 236178

-

Railway Overbridge Site

This former bridge, built c. 1846, was one of four bridges lying within the study area that were erected by the MGWR over its railway line; this is the only one of the four that is no longer present. The railway line opened in 1847 and terminated at the former Broadstone station terminal building (AC89) to the southeast. The bridge is depicted on the 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911) as carrying the section of roadway connecting “Faussagh Lane” and “Connaught Street” over the former MGWR (AC95) and is shown as measuring approximately 10m in width. A single span concrete bridge, built c. 1990 currently occupies the site.

Analysis of the 1948 OS revision map of Dublin shows that the bridge and Fassaugh Road were slightly realigned to the south in the period between the 2nd (1911) and 4th (1948) Edition 25 inch OS maps. It is possible, therefore, that subsurface remains of the bridge are located within the former MGWR cutting (AC95) to the immediate north of the current bridge. Examination of the topographical survey carried out by RPA (2009d) shows that a low wall is located to the immediate northeast of the new bridge, at the foot of the current embankment. The site was very overgrown at the time of the field inspection thus a detailed survey of the site was not possible. This wall could potentially be associated with the earlier bridge or it may represent part of the low retaining wall that originally bounded the bottom of the embankment which extends along either side of the former MGWR (AC95).

A plaque commemorating Liam Whelan, a Manchester United player who grew up in Cabra and was killed on 6th February 1958 when a jet carrying the football team crashed in Munich, is located in the centre of the southern parapet wall of the modern bridge.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/03/013 (merit rating: not provided); 2nd (1911) and 4th (1948) Edition 25 inch OS maps; RPA 2009d; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Note: Refer also to site AH386 in the Material Assets: Architectural Heritage chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24) which provides additional information regarding the bridge constructed c. 1990.

High




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

100

Grange-gorman Middle/Grange-

gorman North

OS DN018

314369/ 236519

-

Townland Boundary (grangegorman Middle/grangegorman North)

Site of townland boundary; the section within the study area is now occupied by the remains of MGWR (AC95). No above-ground remains survive, however subsurface remains may be present.


High

101

Grange-gorman North/

Slutsend or Westfarm

OS DN018

314304/ 236597

-

Townland Boundary (grangegorman North/Slutsend or Westfarm)

Site of townland boundary; the section within the study area is now occupied by the remains of MGWR (AC95). No above-ground remains survive, however subsurface remains may be present.


High

102

Grange-gorman North

OS DN018

314241/ 236624

-

Coal yard

This site is noted as “Coal Yard; coke ovens; weigh ho” on the 1st Edition 25 inch OS map (1864). It is depicted, but not annotated on the 3rd Edition 25 inch OS map (1939–1940); there is no representation of the yard on the 1948 OS revision map. The 1st Edition 25 inch OS map (1864) depicts a boundary wall between the site of the coal yard and the MGWR (AC95). This wall is still extant. It extends for approximately 155m, comprises snecked limestone and stands at a height of approximately 1.6m.

There is an entranceway in this wall through which the coke ovens were presumably accessed from the MGWR cutting. There is one stone pillar remaining on the north-western side of the entrance. It is possible that subsurface remains of the second pillar, as well the coal yard itself, still survive. The site currently functions as waste ground.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/03/014 (merit rating: not provided); 1st (1864), 3rd Edition 25 inch OS map (1939–1940); 1948 OS revision map; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

High




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

103

Grange-gorman North

OS DN018

314200/ 236678

-

Site of Signal Box and Post

This feature is noted on the 1st Edition 25 inch OS map (1864) as “Sign Box and Post”. The site is currently waste ground; no evidence of the feature was noted during the field survey.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/03/015 (merit rating: not provided); 1st Edition 25 inch OS map (1864); Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Medium

104

Grange-gorman North

OS DN018

314138/ 236746

-

Tunnel

A double-arch masonry railway tunnel which was opened in 1877 as part of the GSWR. It now carries the Phoenix Park railway line under the Royal Canal (AC108). It was constructed in two sections with the façade of the southern arch set back from that of the northern arch. The bridge is constructed of rock-faced ashlar limestone with dressed voussoirs to the arches surmounted by a tooled stone stringcourse and parapet with terminal piers. A curved retaining wall is located to the northwest of the tunnel.

This tunnel is a notable contributor to the development of Dublin’s rail network and its accomplished design and continued use, albeit occasional, are a testament to the technical dexterity of its engineers. The tunnel extends across the full width of the study area in a north/south orientation.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/017 (merit rating: national); Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Note: Refer also to site AH387 in the Material Assets: Architectural Heritage chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24).

High

105

Grange-gorman North

OS DN018

314083/ 236740

-

Site of Tank

This site is shown on the 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911) and represented as “tank”; on the 3rd Edition 25 inch OS map (1939–1940) it is labelled as “Tank (covered)”. No known remains of this site survive. Given its location adjacent to the railway tracks, it is possible that the tank served an associated purpose.


Medium

106

Grange gorman North

OS DN018

314027/ 236802

-

Site of Cattle pen

This feature is noted as “Cattle pen” on the 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911). There are no known remains surviving. The site is now occupied by a factory.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/019 (merit rating: not provided); 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911); Headland Archaeology, 2009)

Medium




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

107

Grange-gorman North

OS DN018

313978/ 236839

-

Site of Cattle siding

This feature is noted as “Cattle siding” on the 3rd Edition 25 inch OS map (1939–1940). No known remains survive. The site is now occupied by a factory.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/018 (merit rating: not provided); 3rd Edition 25 inch OS map (1939–1940); Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Medium

108

Grange-gorman North/ Slutsend Westfarm/ Cabra/ Ballyboggan

OS DN018

NGR: Various

-

Royal Canal and Towing Path

Construction work began on the Royal Canal in 1790. When it was complete in 1817 it allowed trade boats and passenger services to travel between Dublin and Shannon Harbour. The section of canal and tow path from Prospect Cemetary that falls within the study area extends to Broombridge.

The canal was sold to the MGWR in 1845 from which point it essentially went into rapid decline. It was officially closed to traffic in 1961 but still remains an impressive feature in the landscape.

Although the canal’s associated towing path no longer fulfils its original function, it is an important component amongst the collection of structures and sites bequeathed by the Royal Canal. Tow paths were an integral part of the operating of the canal and as such the survival of this example, although altered, is significant. The great canal building schemes of the late 18th century were a major civil engineering feat and of historical and industrial significance not least due to their impact on the transport network of Ireland. The path forms part of an amenity along the canal as a walking route.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/001 – Royal Canal (merit rating: not provided); DCIHR 18/03/002 – Royal Canal tow path (merit rating: regional); Headland Archaeology, 2009).


High

109

Grange-gorman North

OS DN018

313819/ 236999

-

Railway Bridge

This single-span masonry railway bridge was built c. 1864 to carry MGWR’s North Wall extension over the Royal Canal. It is comprised of rock-faced ashlar limestone piers with dressed cornices surmounted by a cast-iron deck. The bridge crosses the canal over the 7th lock, to the north of Liffey Junction, a former railway station (AC113). The structure displays a robust design and technical dexterity apparent in the other bridges along this line with the contrasting dressed ashlar and rock-faced limestone further enhancing its design.


High




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

110

Grange-gorman North

OS DN018

313776/ 236964

-

quarry

This site is noted as “Chemical Manure Works” on the 1st Edition 25 inch OS map (1864). It is depicted but not annotated on the 2nd Edition 25 inch OS map (1911) and noted as “Hydraulic Ram” on the 3rd Edition 25 inch OS map (1939–1940). The site currently functions as waste ground; no visible remains of the quarry were noted during the field survey. However, there is potential for subsurface remains to be present.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/025 (merit rating: not provided); 1st (1864), 2nd (1911) and 3rd (1939–1940) Edition 25 inch OS maps; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

High

111

Grange-gorman North

OS DN018

313768/ 237035

-

Lock house

This structure is noted as a “Lock House” on the 1st Edition 25 inch OS map (1864). It is depicted but not annotated on the 2nd (1911) and 3rd (1939–1940) Edition 25 inch OS maps. There are no visible remains of the lock house. However, there is potential for the presence of subsurface remains associated with the house.


High

112

Tolkapark

OS DN018

313768/ 237017

-

7th Lock

This site comprises a canal lock, built c. 1790, as the 7th lock along the Royal Canal. The walls of the lock, including the chamber, are ashlar limestone. There are timber gates at the east and west end, and there are remains of winding machinery to the west side of the lock.

This canal lock is one of a number of transport-related structures located at this junction of the Royal Canal and the former MGWR. Locks were an integral component to the operation of a canal and a valuable indicator of the technical prowess of the canal engineers. The fine quality ashlar stonework and surviving remains of the lock’s opening mechanisms further enhance the structure’s significance.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/006 (merit rating: national); Headland Archaeology, 2009).

High




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

113

Grange-gorman North

OS DN018

313804/ 236986

-

Liffey junction Railway Station

Former railway station, opened in 1864, and constructed at the junction of two MGWR lines, with one line terminating at Broadstone and the second terminating at North Wall. It was formally closed in 1937, although it continued to be used for cattle traffic until the 1970s. Parts of the platform survive comprising limestone walls. The upstanding remains of a two-stage water tower with a wrought-iron sheet tank mounted on an overhanging eaves course of red brick are also present. It has snecked limestone walls with red brick quoins and a string course. The round-headed door openings have red brick surrounds and voussoirs but are now blocked up. Ruinous remains of a possible store building are located to the east. A modern steel fence now encloses the area. There is a cast-iron water hydrant probably associated with the former station located to west of this fence and water tower.


High

114

Grange-gorman North

OS DN018

313671/ 237036

-

Signal house

This site is noted as a “Signal house” on the 1st

Edition 25 inch OS map (1864). It is depicted but not annotated on the 2nd (1911) and 3rd (1939–1940) Edition 25 inch OS maps. No above-ground remains are visible; however, there is potential for the presence of associated subsurface material. The site currently functions as waste ground.


High

115

Grange-gorman North/

Cabragh

OS DN018

313540/ 237063

-

Townland Boundary (grangegorman North/Cabragh)

Site of townland boundary; the section within study area is now occupied by the remains of MGWR (AC95). No above-ground remains survive, however subsurface remains may be present.


High




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

116

Broombridge Road

OS DN018

313199/ 237187

RPS 989/906 (DCC)

Broombridge (Canal Bridge)

Broombridge is one of a number of bridges constructed over the Royal Canal, and was built c. 1790; it was extended in 1846 by the MGWR (refer to AC117). The bridge follows the style apparent throughout all Irish canal bridges with the simple humpbacked design enhanced by finely executed stonework. It also has an historical association being the location where Sir William Rowan Hamilton first wrote down the fundamental formula for quaternions which is commemorated on a stone plaque located on the north western retaining wall (AC118).

This bridge is a single-arch hump back masonry bridge with coursed limestone walls, ashlar limestone stringcourse above a segmental-arch with dressed stone voussoirs and a central keystone. Sections of the parapet walls have been rebuilt. Limestone block walls line the canal beneath the bridge. The Protected Structure status of this bridge extends to include its associated retaining/boundary walls.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/005 (merit rating: national); DCC, 2005; Headland Archaeology, 2009).


Very high

117

Broombridge Road

OS DN018

313201/ 237171

RPS 989/906 (DCC)

Broombridge (Railway Overbridge)

This bridge was built c. 1846 as part of the MGWR project to carry Broombridge Road over the railway line. It is one of four bridges within the study area that was constructed by the MGWR; only three, including this bridge, survive. It is a single-arch masonry bridge forming a single unit with the canal bridge (AC116) to the north. It has coursed limestone walls and parapets with a dressed limestone string course above the arch and square-profile terminal piers. Its elliptical arch has tooled limestone voussoirs. The Protected Structure status of this bridge extends to include its associated retaining/boundary walls.

Its construction is a testament to the engineering and technological skills of the 19th century builders of Ireland’s railways and its siting adjoining the canal bridge (AC116) highlights the number of facets of Ireland’s infrastructural expansion during this period.

(Data sources: DCIHR 18/02/010 (merit rating: national); DCC, 2005; Headland Archaeology, 2009).

Note: Refer also to AH388 in the Material Assets: Architectural Heritage chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 24).

Very high




AC NO. LOCATION

LEgAL STATuS


RATINg

118

Canal Bridge on

Broombridge Road

OS DN018

313190/ 237187

-

Stone Plaque Commemorating Formula of hamilton

This plaque, set into Broombridge (canal bridge) (AC116) commemorates the discovery of the formula for quaternions by Sir William Rowan Hamilton on 16th October 1843. The site of this plaque forms part of an annual commemorative walk, from Dunsink, which takes place on the anniversary of the discovery and is attended by international scholars.


High

119

Cabragh/ Ballyboggan

South

OS DN018

313195/ 237187

-

Townland Boundary (Cabragh/Ballyboggan South)

Site of townland boundary, now primarily occupied by the Royal Canal (AC108). No above-ground remains survive, however, subsurface remains may be present.


High




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Bardon, J. (1988) If Ever You Go to Dublin Town: a Historic Guide to the City’s Street Names. Belfast: Blackstaff.

Bennett, D. (2005) The Encyclopaedia of Dublin. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan.

Bennett, I. (Ed.). (1996) Excavations 1995: Summary Accounts of Archaeological Excavations in Ireland. Bray: Wordwell Ltd.








Bennett, I. (Ed.). (2007a) Excavations 2003: Summary Accounts of Archaeological Excavations in Ireland. Bray: Wordwell Ltd.

Bennett, I. (Ed.). (2007b) Excavations 2004: Summary Accounts of Archaeological Excavations in Ireland. Bray: Wordwell Ltd.


Bolger, T. (2004) Final Report Archaeological Excavation and Monitoring, 14–18 Aston Quay, Dublin 2. Unpublished report prepared by Margaret Gowen & Co. Ltd. for Shelbourne Developments Ltd.

Bolger, T. (2010) Archaeological Monitoring and Excavation: 31–36 Ormond Quay Upper/Ormond Place/Charles Street West/Ormond Square, Dublin 7. Unpublished draft report prepared for Margaret Gowen & Co. Ltd. on behalf of John Paul Construction.

Bradley, J. and King, H.A. (1989) Urban Archaeological Survey County Dublin, Vol. VIII, Part II. Unpublished report commissioned by the Office of Public Works.

Bradley, E. (1984) Viking Dublin Exposed. Dublin: O’Brien Press.

Brady, J. (2001) “Dublin at the Turn of the Century”. In: Brady, J and Simms, A. (Eds.). Dublin Through Space and Time. Dublin: Four Courts, pp. 221–282.

Breen, T. (1995) Acquisitions 1795 to 1995 – Finds From the City and County of Dublin in the Irish Divisions of the National Museum of Ireland. Unpublished report prepared for the National Museum of Ireland.

Budd, R. (2001) The Platforme of an Universitie: All Hallows’ Priory to Trinity College Dublin. Dublin: Particular Books.

Butler, R. (Ed.). (1845) Registrum Prioratus Omnium Sanctorum Juxta Dublin. Dublin: Irish Archaeological Society.

Butler, D. (2004) The Quaker Meeting Houses of Ireland. Dublin: The Historical Committee of the Religious Society of Friends in Ireland.



Carroll, J. (2003) Dublin City: Sources for Archaeologists. Dublin: Dublin City Council and the Heritage Council.

Casey, C. (2005) The Buildings of Ireland: Dublin. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.

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Clarke, H. (1978) Dublin c. 840 to c. 1540. The Medieval Town in the Modern City (1st Edition). Dublin: The Ordnance Survey.

Clarke, H. (1990) Medieval Dublin: The Making of a Metropolis. Dublin: Irish Academic Press.

Clarke, H. (1995) “Myths, Magic and the Middle Ages: Dublin from its beginnings to 1577”. In: Clarke, H. (Ed.) Irish Cities. Dublin: Mercier Press, pp. 82–96.

Clarke, H. (2002a) Dublin c. 840 to c. 1540. The Medieval Town in the Modern City (2nd Edition). Dublin: Royal Irish Academy.

Clarke, H. (2002b) Dublin Part 1, to 1610: Irish Historic Towns Atlas No. 11. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy.

Clarke, H. (2005) “The Early Development of Dublin”. In: Casey, C. (Ed.), The Buildings of Ireland: Dublin. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Pp. 10–19.

Connell, C. (2004) Glasnevin Cemetery, Dublin, 1832–1900. Dublin: Four Courts Press.

Cooney, G. (1998) The Irish Stone Axe Project. Bray: Wordwell Ltd.

Craig, M.J. (1969) Dublin 1660–1860: a social and architectural history. Dublin: Allen Figgis.

Craig, A. (1980) Saint Stephen’s Green, 1880–1980: A Centenary Booklet. Ireland: Office of Public Works.

Cultural Resource Development Services (CRDS) Ltd. (2008) Architecture, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage. Marlborough Street Public Transport Priority Bridge Environmental Impact Statement. Unpublished report prepared by CRDS on behalf of Roughan & O’Donovan Consulting Engineers.

Cryerhall, A. (2003) “Excavation Licence 03E0721: 3–15 Hammond Lane/161–168 Church Street, Dublin”. In: Bennett, I. (Ed.). (2007) Excavations 2003: Summary Accounts of Archaeological Excavations in Ireland. Bray: Wordwell Ltd. Reference No. 2003:535.

Cryerhall, A. (2006) “Excavations at Hammond Lane, Dublin: from Hurdle-ford to Iron-foundry”. In: Duffy, S. (Ed.) Medieval Dublin VII. Four Courts Press Ltd.: Dublin, pp. 9–50.

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De Breffney, B. and Ffolliott, R. (1975) The Houses of Ireland: Domestic Architecture from the Medieval Castle to the Edwardian Villa. London: Thames and Hudson.

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Delany, R. (1992) Ireland’s Royal Canal 1789–1992. Dublin: Lilliput Press.

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Eogan, G. (1965) A Catalogue of Irish Bronze Swords. Dublin: Stationery Office.

Eogan, G. (1983) The Hoards of the Irish Later Bronze Age. Dublin: University College Dublin.

Eogan, G. (1994) The Accomplished Art: Gold and Gold-working in Britain and Ireland during the Bronze Age (c. 2300–650BC). Oxford: Oxbow Books.

Eogan, G. (2000) The Socketed Bronze Axes in Ireland. Stuttgart: Steiner.

Grangegorman Development Agency (2008) Environmental Assessment: Scoping Issues Papers: Preparation of Grangegorman Strategic Plan. Dublin: Grangegorman Development Agency.

General Alphabetical Index of the Townlands and Towns, Parishes and Baronies of Ireland: Based on the census of Ireland for the Year 1851 (Originally published: Dublin 1861). Reprinted Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company (2006).

Gilbert, J.T. (1854) A History of the City of Dublin. Dublin: James McGlashan.

Gilbert, J.T. (1894) Calendar of Ancient Records of Dublin in the Possession of the Municipal Corporation of that City. Vol. IV. Dublin: Dollard.

Gilbert, J.T. (1895) Calendar of Ancient Records of Dublin in the Possession of the Municipal Corporation of that City. Vol. V. Dublin: Dollard.

Gwynn, A. and Hadcock, N. (1970) Medieval Religious Houses: Ireland. Harlow: Longmans.

Haliday, C. (1884) The Scandinavian Kingdom of Dublin. Dublin: M.H. Gill and Son.

Harbison, P. (1968) “Catalogue of the Irish Early Bronze Age Associated Finds Containing Copper or Bronze”. In: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Vol. 67C, 35–91.

Harbison, P. (1969a) The Daggers and the Halberds of the Early Bronze Age in Ireland. Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Abteilung VI, Band 1. C.H. Beck, München.

Harbison, P. (1969b) The Axes of the Early Bronze Age in Ireland. Prähistorische Bronzefunde, Abteilung XI, Band 1. C.H. Beck, München.



Headland Archaeology (Ireland) Ltd., (2009) Field Survey. Unpublished field notes prepared by Headland Archaeology (Ireland) Ltd.

Hill, J. (1998) Irish Public Sculpture: A History. Dublin: Four Courts Press.

Hogan, J. (1872–1873) “Patron days and holy wells in Ossary”. In: Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Vol. 12, pp. 261–281.

Killanin, Lord and Duignan, M.V. (1967) Shell Guide to Ireland. New York: Norton.

Lennon, C. (2008) Dublin Part II, 1610 to 1756, Irish Historic Towns Atlas No. 19. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy.

Little, G. (1957) Dublin before the Vikings. Dublin: Gill and Son Ltd.

Lohan, K. (2009) Report on Archaeological Monitoring and Excavations at Clancy Barracks, Islandbridge, South Circular Road, Dublin 8. License No. 07E0261. Unpublished report prepared by Margaret Gowen & Co. Ltd. for Clancy Quay Properties Ltd.

Logan, P. (1980) The Holy Wells of Ireland. Gerrards Cross: Smythe.

Lyons, J.B. (1995) “The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Its Worthies”. In: Dublin Historical Records, Vol.48 (1), pp. 40–54.

M’Cready, C.T. (1892) Dublin Street Names, Dated and Explained. Reprinted 1987. Dublin: Carraig Books Ltd.

McCutcheon, C. (2006) Medieval Pottery from Wood Quay, Dublin: the 1974–6 Waterfront Excavations. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy.

McGovern Surveyors (2009) Schedule of Condition relating to St. Patrick’s Well, Trinity College, Nassau Street, Dublin 2. Unpublished report prepared by McGovern Surveyors for the Railway Procurement Agency.

McNeill, C. (1950) Calendar of Archbishop Alen’s register, c. 1172–1534 Prepared and Edited from the Original in the Registry of the United Dioceses of Dublin and Glendalough and Kildare. Dublin: Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland.

McQuade, M. (2004) “Excavation Licence 03E0654: Building C, Spencer Dock, North Wall Quay, Dublin”.

In: Bennett, I. (Ed.), (2007) Excavations 2004: Summary Accounts of Archaeological Excavations in Ireland. Bray: Wordwell Ltd. Reference No. 2004:0565, pp. 128–129.

Moore Ruble Yudell Architects and Planners, DMOD Architects, Lutzow 7, Shaffrey Associates and Faber Maunsell/Aecom (2009) Draft Broadstone Gate Options Study. Unpublished draft report prepared by Moore Ruble Yudell Architects and Planners, DMOD Architects, Lutzow 7, Shaffrey Associates and Faber Maunsell/Aecom for Bus Éireann/CIÉ/Dublin Bus/Dublin City Council/Grangegorman Development Agency and the Railway Procurement Agency.

Myles, F. (2005) LUAS Archaeological Monitoring Final Report: Line B, Licence No. 01E1185. Unpublished report prepared by Margaret Gowen & Co. Ltd. for the Railway Procurement Agency.

Myles, F. and Kerins, P. (2005a) LUAS Archaeological Monitoring Final Report: Line A, Licence No. 01E0733. Unpublished report prepared by Margaret Gowen & Co. Ltd. for the Railway Procurement Agency.

Myles, F. and Kerins, P. (2005b) Stratigraphic Report O’Connell Street Sub-Station Excavation, Dublin 1, Licence No. 02E1825, Unpublished report prepared by Margaret Gowen & Co. Ltd. for the Railway Procurement Agency.

National Roads Authority (2005) Guidelines for the Assessment of Architectural Heritage Impacts of National Road Schemes. Dublin: National Roads Authority.

National Roads Authority (2005) Guidelines for the Assessment of Archaeological Heritage Impacts of National Road Schemes. Dublin: National Roads Authority.

O’Donovan, J. (1843) Ordnance Survey of Ireland Name Books for Co. Dublin. Ordnance Survey of Ireland. Unpublished manuscript.

O’Kelly, M.J. (1989) Early Ireland: an Introduction to Irish Prehistory. Cambridge: Cambridge U.P.

Pearson, P. (2000) The Heart of Dublin. Dublin: The O’Brien Press.

Prunty, J. (1995) “From City Slums to City Sprawl: Dublin from 1800 to the Present”. In: Clarke, H. (Ed.). Irish Cities. Dublin: Mercier Press. Pp 109–123.



Prunty, J. (2001) “Improving the urban environment: public health and housing in nineteenth-century Dublin”. In: Brady, J and Simms, A. (Eds.), Dublin Through Space and Time. Dublin: Four Courts, pp. 166–221.

Purcell, E. (2005) “The city and the suburb: medieval Dublin and Oxmantown”. In: Duffy, S. (Ed.), Medieval Dublin VI. Dublin: Four Courts Press, pp. 188–223.

Raftery, B. (1983) A Catalogue of Irish Iron Age Antiquities. Marburg: Magistrat der Universitatsstadt.

Railway Procurement Agency (2008) EIS – Metro North Volumes 1–3.

Railway Procurement Agency (2009a) Luas Line BXD: Draft Summary Report: Archaeological Monitoring of Two Utility Slit Trenches Excavated in the Vicinity of Broadstone. Unpublished draft summary report.

Railway Procurement Agency (RPA) (2009b) Field Inspection Notes (17/06/09) of St. Patrick’s Well (RMP DU018-020060). Unpublished report, Railway Procurement Agency.

Sheperd, E. (1994) The Midland and Great Western Railway: an Illustrated History. Leicester: Midland Pub.

Simms, A. (2001) “Origins and Early Growth”. In: Brady, J. and Simms, A. (Eds.), Dublin Through Space and Time. Dublin: Four Courts, pp. 15–66.

Simpson, L. (2007) Archaeological Monitoring Report: Provost’s Stables, Trinity College, Dublin. License No. 03E0152. Unpublished report prepared by Margaret Gowen & Co. Ltd.

Sheridan, E. (2001a) “Designing the capital city: Dublin, c. 1660–1810”. In: Brady, J. and Simms, A. (Eds.). Dublin Through Space and Time. Dublin: Four Courts, pp. 66–136.

Sheridan, E. (2001b) “Living in the capital city: Dublin in the 18th Century”. In: Brady, J. and Simms, A. (Eds.). Dublin Through Space and Time. Dublin: Four Courts, pp. 136–159.

Shiels, D. (2006) “The archaeology of insurrection: St. Stephen’s Green”. In: Archaeology Ireland, Vol. 20(1), pp. 8–11. Dublin, Wordwell Ltd.

Shiels, D. (2009) Final Report on the Results of a Metal Detector Survey at the Royal Dublin Fusiliers’ Arch, St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin. Unpublished report prepared by Headland Archaeology (Ireland) Ltd. for the Railway Procurement Agency.

Somerville-Large, P. (1996) Dublin: the Fair City. London: Sinclair-Stevenson.

Swift, E.L. (Trans) (1809) The Life and Acts of Saint Patrick, the Archbishop, Primate and Apostle of Ireland (by Jocelin of Furness). Dublin: Hibernia Press Company.

Thomas, A. (1992) Walled Towns of Ireland, Vol. 2. Dublin: Irish Academic Press.

Traynor, P. (1897) Irish Builder. Dublin: Peter Roe. Pp106.

Waddell, J. (1990) The Bronze Age Burials of Ireland. Galway: The Connaught Tribune Ltd.

Waddell, J. (2000) The Prehistoric Archaeology of Ireland. Galway: Galway University Press.

Wallace, P.F. (1990) “The origins of Dublin”. In: Clarke, H. (Ed.), Medieval Dublin: The Making of a Metropolis. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. Pp 70–97.

Walsh, P. (1977) Dublin c. 840 to c. 1540: the Years of Medieval Growth. Dublin: The Ordnance Survey.

23.6.2 Cartographic Sources

AuThOR yEAR dRAWN SuBjECT/TITLE

Speed, J. 1610 Dublin City

Petty, W. (Down Survey) 1654–1656 Dublin City and County

De Gomme, B. 1673 Dublin City and Suburbs




Greene, J. (City Surveyor) 1680 Corner of Nassau Street with Grafton Street

Phillips, T. 1685 Dublin City and Suburbs

Greene, J. (City Surveyor) 1695 College Street/Grafton Street/Nassau Street

City Surveyors Unknown St. Stephen’s Green North

Brooking, C. 1728 Dublin City and Suburbs

Tudor, J. 1753 College Green

Rocque, J. 1756 Dublin City

Mathews, City Surveyor 1769 College Green

Scalé 1773 Dublin City and County

Wide Street Commission (WSC) 1780 Nassau Street

WSC 1781 College Green

WSC 1786 Dominick St.

R. Evans 1791 Plan of Broadstone Harbour

Wide Street Commission 1793 College Green

Wide Street Commission 1798 Constitution Hill

Wide Street Commission 1799 Westmoreland St.

Sherrard, T. (WSC) 1800 Constitution Hill

WSC 1800Hawkins Street, Poolbeg Street, Fleet Street, Fleet Abbey, White’s Lane, Price’s Lane and Aston Quay

Wide Street Commission 1801 Hawkins St.

Sherrard, T. (WSC) 1802 College Green and Trinity

WSC 1806 Hawkins Street and Burgh Quay

WSC 1808 College Green

WSC 1810 Marlborough Street

WSC 1813 College St. and Westmoreland St.

Duncan, W. 1821 Dublin City

Sherrard, T. (WSC) 1827 Dominick St.

WSC 1837 Constitution Hill

Ordnance Survey 1843 Dublin City and County






MGWR 1877(a)Plans and Sections: No. 1 Section of new approach road to Broadstone Station

MGWR 1877(b) Plans and Sections: No. 4 Filling up Harbour



Ordnance Survey 1939–40 Dublin City and County


H. Clarke 1978Dublin c. 840-c. 1540, The Medieval Town in the Modern City (1st Edition)

Record of Monuments & Places 1998 Dublin City

Clarke, H.B. and Simms, A. c. 2000 Medieval Dublin

Clarke, H.B. and Simms, A. c. 2000 Gaelic Dublin

Clarke, H.B. and Simms, A. c. 2000 Scandinavian Dublin

Clarke, H.B. and Simms, A. c. 2000 Later Medieval Dublin

Clarke, H. 2002(a)Dublin c. 840-c. 1540, The Medieval Town in the Modern City (2nd Edition)

RPA 2009(c)Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey of proposed alignment

RPA 2009(d) Topographical survey of proposed alignment



23.6.3 Electronic sourcesDepartment of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (January 2007). 1916 Building ‘A National Monument’. Dublin. Available from: <http://www.environ.ie/en/Heritage/Archaeology-NationalMonumentsService/News/MainBody,2792,en.htm> [Accessed 28 July 2009]

Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (2009) Database of Irish Excavation Reports 1970-2005. Dublin: Wordwell Ltd. Available from: <http://www.excavations.ie/Pages/HomePage.php> [Accessed December 2008 to July 2009]

Irish Placenames Commission (2009) Place-names database of Ireland. Dublin: Fiontar. Available from: <http://www.logainm.ie/> [Accessed 11 January 2010]

Moore Ruble Yudell Architects and Planners, DMOD Architects, Lützow 7, Shaffrey Associates, Battle McCarthy Consulting Engineers & Arup Consulting Engineers (September 2008) Final Grangegorman Masterplan 3b: Key Masterplan Principles. Report prepared on behalf of Dublin Institute of Technology. Pp 13–24 (A-33–A-44). Available from: <http://www.dit.ie/media/documents/grangegormannewcampus/masterplanseptember2008/FINAL_Grangegorman_Masterplan3b.pdf> [Accessed 04 August 2009]

National Monuments Service, Department of the Environment Heritage and Local Government (2009) Sites and Monument Database. Dublin: Archaeological Survey of Ireland. Available from: <http://www.archaeology.ie/en/> [Accessed December 2008 to July 2009]

National Park Service (NPS) (2007) Parnell Monument Washington DC: United States Department of the Interior. Available from: < http://www.nps.gov/saga/parnell-monument.htm> [Accessed 11 January 2010]

Oben J. G. (1813) Aquatint: View of the City of Dublin. The Bay, Mountains and the Royal Canal and Foster Aqueduct. In: British Library Online Gallery. London. Available from: <http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/kinggeorge/v/003ktop00000053u017e0002.html> [Accessed 28 September 2009]

Ordnance Survey Ireland (2009) Ireland’s Historical Mapping Archive. Dublin, Ordnance Survey Ireland. Available from: <http://www.irishhistoricmaps.ie/historic/> [Accessed December 2008 to August 2009]

Dominick

Broadstone - DIT

Phibsborough

Grangegorman

Cabra

Parnell

Marlborough

O’ConnellUpper

O’Connell - GPO

Westmoreland

Trinity

Dawson


Broombridge

24 MATERIAL ASSETS: ARChITECTuRAL hERITAgE24.1 Introduction ...............................................................589

24.2 Baseline assessment methodology .......................58924.2.1 Introduction ................................................................58924.2.2 Study area ...................................................................59024.2.3 Baseline data ..............................................................59024.2.4 Difficulties encountered ...............................................590

24.3 Baseline categorisation criteria ...............................59224.3.1 Importance of the baseline environment .....................59224.3.2 Sensitivity of the baseline environment .......................59224.3.3 Existing adverse effects ..............................................59324.3.4 Baseline rating ............................................................593

24.4 description of the receiving environment ..............59324.4.1 Historical background ..................................................593

24.5 description and categorisation of the baseline environment ..............................................59524.5.1 Summary of the baseline environment ........................59524.5.2 Description of the baseline environment .....................59624.5.3 Categorisation of the baseline environment ................602

24.6 References .................................................................690

BASELINE


MATERIAL ASSETS: ARChITECTuRAL hERITAgE

24.1 INTROduCTIONThis is the Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of the Luas Broombridge Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). This chapter describes and evaluates the existing architectural heritage environment that is likely to be impacted by the proposed scheme.

Section 39(2)(b) of the Transport (Railway Infrastructure) Act, 2001 specifies that an EIS must contain a description of the aspects of the environment that are likely to be significantly affected by a proposed scheme. This chapter of the EIS has been prepared in order to fulfill this requirement in respect of Material Assets (Architectural Heritage).

Prior to compiling this chapter, a number of planning and policy documents were reviewed to ascertain if the documents contain any plans, policies or objectives relating to architectural heritage. A list of the documents reviewed is contained in Section 24.2.1.

The relevant findings of this review are detailed in the Planning and Policy Context chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 3).

24.2 BASELINE ASSESSMENT METhOdOLOgy 24.2.1 IntroductionThe baseline environment is defined as the existing environment against which future changes can be measured. This section presents the methodology used in assessing the baseline architectural heritage environment. The scope for the assessment has been informed by consultation with An Bord Pleanála (ABP), statutory consultees, bodies with environmental responsibility and other interested parties. The methodology has been devised in consideration of the following guidelines, legislation charters and inventories:

■■ Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidance with respect to EISs (EPA, 2002, 2003)

■■ Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) and Historic Monuments (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1999

■■ Architectural Heritage Protection, Guidelines for Planning Authorities (Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (DoEHLG), 2004)

■■ Council of Europe, Convention for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe (“Granada Convention”) (Strasbourg: 1984), ratified by Ireland in 1997

■■ Council of Europe, Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage of Europe (“Valletta Convention”) (Strasbourg: revised 1992)

■■ Council of Europe, European Charter of the Architectural Heritage (Strasbourg: 1975)

■■ Dublin City Council’s (DCC) Development Plan Policies on Conservation and Architectural Conservation Areas (ACAs) (Dublin City Development Plan (DCDP), 2005–2011: Chapter 10: Heritage Policies H1–H27)

■■ DCC’s Record of Protected Structures (RPS) (DCDP, 2005–2011: Vol. 3)

■■ Guidelines for the Assessment of Architectural Heritage Impacts of National Roads Schemes (National Roads Authority (NRA), 2005)

■■ International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Charter on the Built Vernacular Heritage (Mexico: 1999)

■■ ICOMOS, Charter on the Conservation of Historic Towns and Urban Areas (“Washington Charter”) (Washington: 1987)

■■ ICOMOS, Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance (“Burra Charter”) (Burra, Australia: 1979, revised 1999)

■■ ICOMOS, Charter on the Preservation of Historic Gardens (“Florence Charter”) (Florence: 1982)

■■ ICOMOS, Guidelines for Education and Training in the Conservation of Monuments, Ensembles and Sites (Colombo, Sri Lanka: 1993)

■■ ICOMOS, International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites (“Venice Charter”) (Venice: 1964)

■■ Local Government (Planning and Development) Act, 2000

■■ National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH) Handbook (DoEHLG, June 2006)

■■ Planning and Development (Amendment) Act, 2002

■■ Planning and Development Regulations 2001

The general baseline assessment methodology is defined in the Methodology chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 5). The baseline architectural heritage



environment has been defined through a desktop study, consultation with relevant stakeholders and field surveys. The baseline environment is then categorised using the criteria outlined in Section 24.3 and baseline ratings are assigned. These baseline ratings are subsequently used in the Material Assets: Architectural Heritage impact assessment chapter of this EIS (Books 2 and 3, Chapter 15) to help determine the impact significance.

24.2.2 Study areaThe study area has been defined with reference to the potential for impact from the proposed scheme and the availability of relevant information. The extent of the study area is shown in Table 24.1.


24.2.4 difficulties encounteredThe baseline architectural heritage environment has been defined through desktop study and review of basement surveys obtained during the course of this assessment.

In some cases, the full extents of basements remains unknown whether by virtue of these having been

blocked up or sealed in the past, or through access difficulties to properties along the alignment. The basement surveys therefore, represent the best information available at this time but should not be considered as complete information.

Obtaining accurate information on the location and condition of existing buried utility environment is also difficult. The records of the utility undertakings have been examined and non-invasive survey techniques employed to provide further definition to this data, however the information provided while considered reasonable at this stage of the railway order application process having regard to current knowledge and methods of assessment should not be considered comprehensive or final. The impacts of utility diversions on cellars should thus be considered in this context.

A further difficulty relates to the absence of information on the fabric of the building structure to which it is proposed to affix cable supports for the overhead conductor system (OCS). Detailed inspections and surveys which will be undertaken in advance of construction will provide this necessary information.

Table 24.1 Study area

CRITERIA WIdTh OF STudy AREA (ON BOTh SIdES OF ThE ALIgNMENT)

Protected Structures, ACAs, designated Conservation Areas (CAs), Residential Conservation Ares (RCAs) (Z2 zoning) and sites of architectural heritage merit.

The study area generally includes for all buildings which fall within a 30m radius to either side of the centre line of the alignment. The study area and alignment are illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS.





Location of Protected Structures, ACAs, designated CAs and RCAs (Z2 zoning).

DCDP 2005–2011, Vols. 1–3

Description and extent of Protected Structures, ACAs, designated CAs and RCAs (Z2 zoning).

DCDP 2005–2011, Vols. 1–3

Field survey carried out by David Slattery Historic Building Consultants in 2009

Location, description, chronology and extent of sites of architectural heritage merit.

Field survey and photographic recording carried out by David Slattery Historic Building Consultants in 2009

Cartographic sources of Trinity College Dublin (TCD) Map Library and the Ordnance Survey Ireland:

John Speed’s Map of Dublin, 1610

Charles Brooking’s Map of Dublin, 1728

John Rocque’s Map of Dublin, 1756

John Taylor’s Map of the Environs of Dublin, 1816

William Duncan’s Maps of the County of Dublin, 1821

1st edition and later revisions of Ordnance Survey maps of Dublin

General information relating to architectural heritage.

Historic photographs of National Library of Ireland and Irish Architectural Archive.

Documentary sources:

“The Buildings of Ireland – Dublin” (Casey, 2005)

“Through Streets Broad and Narrow” (Corcoran, 2008)

“Dublin 1660–1860” (Craig, 2006)

“Phaidon Architecture Guide Dublin” (Graby and O’Connor, 1993)

“Irish Trams” (Kilroy, 1996)

“Dublin as a Work of Art” (Lincoln, 1992)

“Dublin, an Urban History” (McCullough, 2007)

“Public Architecture in Ireland 1680–1760” (McParland, 2001)

“Dublin The Fair City” (Somerville-Large, 1996)

Dublin Civic Trust (Various Publications)

Metro North EIS (Railway Procurement Agency (RPA))

Online sources:

http://www.buildingsofireland.com

http://www.dublincity.ie

http://www.nli.ie



24.3 BASELINE CATEgORISATION CRITERIAThis section of the baseline report categorises the baseline architectural heritage environment. The baseline environment is assigned a baseline rating based on importance, sensitivity and existing adverse effects of the receiving environment. Each of these three terms is explained in detail in this section. The professional opinion of the specialist also plays an important role in assigning the baseline rating. The baseline rating will subsequently be used in the impact chapter to determine the likely significance of impacts which is discussed in detail in the Material Assets: Architectural Heritage impact assessment chapter of this EIS (Books 2 and 3, Chapter 15).

24.3.1 Importance of the baseline environmentThe importance of architectural heritage is identified in a number of ways. Planning authorities are required to keep records of Protected Structures and to designate ACAs, CAs and RCAs. In addition to these records there are further structures and features of architectural heritage merit not designated as Protected Structures, which have been identified through field surveys within the study area. All of these structures and features of architectural heritage merit are also included in this assessment.

24.3.1.1 Protected StructuresPart IV of the Planning Act, 2000 sets out the obligation of all local authorities to establish and maintain a RPS which is included in their respective development plans. County/city development plans and the planning legislation do not differentiate between Protected Structures on the basis of relative importance. A structure is either a Protected Structure or it is not and everything within its curtilage is protected (unless otherwise recorded within the RPS). All Protected Structures and all elements within them are therefore considered to be of very high importance.

24.3.1.2 Architectural Conservation Areas (ACAs)Section 81 of the Planning Act, 2000 provides for the inclusion of ACAs in the development plans of planning authorities in the following terms: “A development plan shall include an objective to preserve the character of a place, area, group of structures or townscape, taking account of building lines and heights that is of special architectural, historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, social or technical interest or value or contributes to the appreciation of Protected Structures, if the planning authority is of the opinion that its inclusion is necessary for the preservation of the character concerned”. Therefore these areas are considered to be of very high importance.

24.3.1.3 Conservation Areas (CAs)CAs can also be designated by planning authorities under Section 204 of the Planning Act, 2000. Whilst they are not subject to specific or prescriptive policies within the DCDP, as in the case of an ACA, they are subject to general conservation and CA Policies within the DCDP, in particular those set out in Chapter 10 and Section 10.2 of the DCDP. These policies include the protection of existing architectural character and requirements for new proposals to complement the existing built forms. Structures, streetscapes and settings of architectural heritage merit are recognised to be important components of CAs. These areas are considered to be of very high importance.

24.3.1.4 Residential Conservation Areas (RCAs)RCAs have extensive groupings of buildings and associated open spaces with an attractive quality of architectural design and scale. The overall quality of the area in design and layout terms is such that it requires special care in dealing with development proposals which affect structures in such areas, both protected and non-protected. The general objective for such areas is to protect them from unsuitable new developments or works that would have a negative impact on the amenity or architectural quality of the area. These areas are considered to be of very high importance.

24.3.1.5 Sites of architectural heritage meritStructures, streetscapes, settings and features, such as historic furniture, are considered of architectural heritage merit and have been included in this baseline characterisation, even if not protected. The architectural heritage importance of such a feature is considered under the following headings set out in the Architectural Heritage Guidelines for Planning Authorities by the DoEHLG, 2004: architectural, historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, technical, social, vernacular and group. The different criteria for assessing each of these categories are documented in the Architectural Heritage Guidelines for Planning Authorities and have been used to assign importance in the baseline assessment. For the purposes of this assessment, sites of architectural heritage merit are considered to be of high, medium or low importance under these criteria. The professional opinion of the specialist also plays an important role in this assessment.

24.3.2 Sensitivity of the baseline environmentArchitectural heritage is a unique and irreplaceable material asset which is given value by its design, setting, quality of workmanship and use of materials. In this context any change to the architectural heritage fabric, structure and setting, resulting from



construction and operation activity, may adversely affect these sites. Because of this, all architectural heritage is considered to be of very high sensitivity.

24.3.3 Existing adverse effectsArchitectural heritage sites are considered to be of importance and of very high sensitivity even in cases where there has been damage to their fabric and setting. Therefore existing adverse effects have not been considered.

24.3.4 Baseline ratingThe baseline rating of the existing architectural heritage environment is determined by having regard to the range of criteria which reflect its importance and sensitivity of the baseline environment. The criteria that have been defined are shown in Table 24.3.

24.4 dESCRIPTION OF ThE RECEIVINg ENVIRONMENT24.4.1 historical backgroundThe subject area for the alignment comprises part of the historic core of Dublin City on the banks of the River Liffey. The history of architecture in Dublin is vast, spans over a thousand years and has been influenced by many different cultures, people and events. It can be divided into five distinct periods of development in order to give an overview of the study area’s architectural history: Viking and later medieval development; 16th and 17th century development; Neo-classical development of the 18th century; Georgian and Victorian development; and modern development.

24.4.1.1 Viking and later medieval developmentThe Vikings settled in Dublin in c. AD841 at the confluence of the Rivers Poddle and Liffey, taking

over two existing Gaelic settlements at Átha Cliath and Dubhlinn. They initially built a longphort which gradually developed and grew due to its importance as an Hiberno-Norse commercial port. It is not known exactly when Dublin became a walled city, though it was certainly walled before the Anglo-Norman colonisation of 1171 (Graby and O’Connor, 1993). Sections of this wall remain and are visible in parts of Dublin, e.g. at Back Lane and at St. Audeon’s Church. The walled city created an interior which became densely developed in contrast to the area outside the walls. The study area lies to the east of this original walled city where there was limited urban development throughout the medieval period, the character visible today is the result of later development. John Speed’s Map of Dublin c. 1610 shows the sparse development within the study area even by the 17th century. The only structures depicted here are the recently established “Colledge” and “Hospitall”. Between them, “Hoggen Green” is noted which later became the base for what we know now as College Green.

The main streets within the city at this time were along High Street and Castle Street, with Winetavern Street and Fishamble Street crossing it. These streets defined the lines on which Dublin began to be built. Within this area a number of architecturally significant structures were built and remain, though much altered. There is no surviving architectural heritage from this period lying within the study area. However, there is documentary and archaeological evidence of a number of buildings from this period within the study area (Casey, 2005).



Protected Structures

National Monuments

All designated ACAs.

All designated CAs.

All designated RCAs.

Very high

Sites of high architectural heritage merit assessed under the criteria of the DoEHLG Architectural Heritage Guidelines.

High

Sites of medium architectural heritage merit assessed under the criteria of the DoEHLG Architectural Heritage Guidelines.

Medium

Sites of low architectural heritage merit assessed under the criteria of the DoEHLG Architectural Heritage Guidelines.

Low



Further detail on this period is included in the Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).

24.4.1.2 16th and 17th century developmentDuring the 16th and 17th century the advent of the Reformation and the Tudor Conquest of Ireland drove the development of Dublin, and the narrow medieval streets became much denser and better defined as infill sites and left over areas were developed intensely in response to population increases. The general level of building had improved. Oak-framed, plastered and painted buildings replaced the earlier, less durable wicker work. Despite this, none of these Tudor buildings survive in Dublin. Similarly, the original TCD buildings beside College Green, which existed at this time, have all been replaced (Casey, 2005; Somerville-Large, 1996).

It is a similar story for the early 17th century prior to the Duke of Ormond’s return. Both the Custom House (located originally below Dame Street on the south banks of the River Liffey) and Dublin’s first theatre at Werburgh Street were demolished in the years of rebellion. It was not until the late 17th century and 18th century that lasting development took place. Again, no 17th century buildings survive in the study area. Of most significance at this time was the formal provision of public spaces at St. Stephen’s Green and College Green.

St. Stephen’s Green was historically an area of commonage. From the 13th century onwards the Green was referred to as a “citizens common”. In 1663 the City Assembly decided that the common of St. Stephen’s Green could be used to generate income for the city. A central area of 27 acres was marked out as a formal recreational space, with the remaining ground being let out into 90 building lots. The inner formerly open section of the Green was walled and gated in 1670. The urban layout of the street enclosing the Green, and the rectangular form of the public park survive today, but no physical fabric of the 17th century schemes survives above the ground” (Byrne and McLoughlin, 2009).

24.4.1.3 Neo-classical development of the 18th

centuryThis was the golden period in the development of Dublin’s architecture and coincided with the trebling of the city’s population and the city’s increased importance as a port, a financial and trading centre, and as an important seat of government rivalled only by London.

The period was driven by two factors. The first was the vision of the Duke of Ormond, who continued the reclamation of the River Liffey and formation of the Quays and who most importantly insisted that buildings face onto the river. This move to establish the river, in lieu of the city walls, as the order-giving element within the plan, helped to impose a formal, classical order on the city. Allied to this was the work of the Wide Streets Commission (WSC) which helped to open up areas of the city which had previously been characterised by dark, winding streets such as Fleet Lane and Fleet Alley (now Westmoreland Street) (Casey, 2005; Graby and O’Connor, 1993).

The second factor was the influence of Palladio and the associated Neo-classical movement which had already flourished in Britain. Indeed, the Neo-classical style took over to such an extent that many of the medieval buildings were refaced and remodelled.

This period was lit up by Ireland’s most brilliant architects. In 1729, Sir Edward Lovett Pearce created the wonderful House of Parliament at College Green, described by the late Arthur Gibney (former president of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland (RIAI)) as “a tangible expression of Irish colonial independence”. Its beautiful use of dressed Portland stone with the classical orders became a blueprint for public building in Ireland thereafter and it embodied the democratic vision of the Palladian movement (Casey, 2005; Graby and O’Connor, 1993).

Pearce had set a standard. There were three further architects of a similar level of importance who influenced Dublin in the later part of the century – Sir William Chambers, Richard Cassels (Castle) and James Gandon. Chambers was responsible for much of the new building within TCD (which had been founded by Queen Elizabeth in the 16th century) including the Chapel and the Theatre. It contains a number of buildings from this time which similarly express the Palladian influence (Casey, 2005).

Richard Cassels who was responsible for many of Ireland’s great houses (including Powerscourt, Carton and Russborough) was also involved in the redevelopment of TCD (the Printing House) but is perhaps best known for his “townhouse” on Kildare Street, now known as Leinster House and home to Dáil Éireann, and the Rotunda Hospital on Parnell Street (Casey, 2005).

The last part of the century was dominated by the construction of James Gandon’s true riverine masterpieces, the Custom House and the Four Courts, which exemplify the Palladian style.



This period of public building had an inevitable influence on residential development in architecture, which boomed at the end of the century and the beginning of the 19th century.

The Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23) describes the industrial developments of the Royal Canal and Midland and Great Western Railway.

Detailed information on the industrial archaeology of this period is included in the Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).

24.4.1.4 georgian and Victorian development The Georgian development of Dublin in the late 18th century was characterised by the creation of “airspace” within Dublin. Where previously there were narrow, claustrophobic streets, there were now formal, wide avenues in the Classical style. The WSC had helped to do this but most important were the housing developments of the great Georgian squares of Dublin and the streets that surround them. There are five squares of which the first to be built was St. Stephen’s Green. This was followed by Parnell Square developed by Luke Gardiner who also built Henrietta Street. On the north side there is also the nearby Mountjoy Square which was built by his son, and is the only true “square” of Dublin’s Georgian squares, all others being rectangular in plan. The southern developments at Merrion Square and then Fitzwilliam Square were built later and responded to a migration of the elite from the north side (Casey, 2005).

The mid-19th century saw a decline in the wealth of Dublin as it slipped in strategic importance relative to the other British cities. Because of this, the great developments in residential architecture came to a standstill and much of the housing stock was converted into tenements. Despite this, Victorian architecture gained a very distinctive and multifarious expression in this period. The Gothic revival in particular gave rise to some fine churches including Pugin’s St. Augustine and St. John’s, Andrew Heiton’s Abbey Presbyterian Church on Parnell Square, the Unitarian Church on St. Stephen’s Green by Charles Lanyon, and John Semple’s finest, the “Black Church” (Casey, 2005).

The great variety of architecture at this time is exemplified by the wonderful Museum building in TCD by Deane and Woodward which combines a variety of styles and stone types in the beautiful carvings of the O‘Shea brothers (Casey, 2005).

The development of new technologies and materials in the later part of the 19th century saw the introduction of faïence onto façades such as McKee Barracks and the Fruit and Vegetable Market and the use of iron and glass by the likes of Robert Mallet and Richard Turner on Pearse Station at Westland Row and the curvilinear range at Glasnevin Botanical Gardens (Casey, 2005).

The period was typified by the continuing development of industrial buildings and infrastructure, such as the MGWR, which linked Broadstone Station (within the study area) and the midlands. The early 20th century saw the introduction of the electric tram to Dublin’s streets. Before this time they had been drawn by horses or steam (1872–1901). The first company to “go electric” in Dublin was the Dublin United Tramways Company (1894–1949) and was so successful that in the end 14 routes throughout Dublin were established. The electric tram system was closed in 1949 and dismantled in the following years (Casey, 2005; Corcoran, 2008).

24.4.1.5 Modern developmentWhile the overall shape and the predominant styles and forms of the architectural heritage within the study area date to the 18th century and 19th century, there are a number of interesting 20th century buildings within it. Of particular note are the rebuilt commercial structures from the 1920s and 1930s which dominate the character of O’Connell Street with their stripped Classical style. A notable recent development in O’Connell Street has been the installation of the 120m steel spire which is described by its architect as Dublin’s “underground cathedral”.

24.5 dESCRIPTION ANd CATEgORISATION OF ThE BASELINE ENVIRONMENT 24.5.1 Summary of the baseline environmentA full listing and description of all architectural heritage sites located within the study area is shown in Tables 24.5 (Area 29) and 24.6 (Area 30). A summary of all sites is shown in Table 24.4. The site locations are depicted and illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS.



24.5.2 description of the baseline environment24.5.2.1 Area 29: St. Stephen’s green to former Broadstone railway cuttingSt. Stephen’s greenThe name St. Stephen’s Green originates around the 13th century when a church called St. Stephen’s, with a leper hospital attached, was situated in that area. Around this time the area was a marshy piece of common ground, which extended as far as the River Dodder and was used by the citizens of the city for grazing livestock. In 1663 the city assembly decided that the plot of ground could be used to generate income for the city and a central area of 27 acres was marked out which would define the park boundary, with the remaining ground being let out into 90 building lots.

Rent generated was to be used to build walls and paving around the Green. In 1670 the first paid gardeners were hired to tend to the park. The Green became a particularly fashionable place during the 18th century, owing mainly to the opening of Grafton Street in 1708 and Dawson Street in 1723 and the construction of desirable properties in and around this area.

However, by the 19th century the condition of the park had deteriorated to such an extent that the perimeter wall was broken and many trees were found to be in bad condition around the park. In 1814 local commissioners representing the local householders were handed control of the park. They replaced the broken wall with ornate Victorian railings and set about

Table 24.4 Summary of the baseline environment

SITE TyPE SuMMARy OF ThE BASELINE ENVIRONMENT

National Monuments

Four architectural heritage sites which comprise either a National Monument on its own or a National Monument and a Protected Structure together have been identified within the study area. These are named, located and described as shown in Table 24.5.

Protected Structures270 architectural heritage sites which comprise one or more Protected Structure have been identified within the study area. These are named, located and described as shown in Tables 24.5 and 24.6.

Architectural Conservation Areas (ACAs)

Sections of the following three ACAs have been identified within the study area (the extents of which are described as shown in Table 24.5 and illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDP maps):

The O’Connell Street ACA

The Grafton Street and Environs ACA

The South City Retail Quarter ACA

Conservation Areas (CAs) and

Residential Conservation Area (RCAs)

Sections of the following six designated CAs have been identified within the study area (the extents of which are described as shown in Tables 24.5 and 24.6 and illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDP maps):

Grafton Street CA

The River Liffey and its quays is a designated CA

Parnell Square CA

Dominick Street Lower CA

Broadstone CA

The Royal Canal CA

Additionally, sections of RCA (Z2 zoning) have been identified within the study area (the extents of which are illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDP maps).

Sites of architectural heritage merit

118 architectural heritage sites which comprise features and structures of architectural merit but which do not have statutory protection have been identified within the study area. These are named, located and described as shown in Tables 24.5 and 24.6.



planting more trees and shrubs in the park. New walks were also constructed to replace the formal paths previously found in the park.

In 1877 Sir Arthur Guinness, later known as Lord Ardilaun, offered to buy the Green from the commission and return it to the public. He paid off the park’s debts and secured an Act which ensured that the park would be managed by the Commissioners of Public Works, now the Office of Public Works (OPW). Sir Arthur’s next objective was to landscape the park which would provide an oasis of peace and tranquility in the city. After three years of construction work the park reopened its gates on 27th of July 1880.

On Easter Monday 1916, the Irish Citizen Army attempted to overthrow the governing British powers in Dublin by taking control of strategically important sites around the city. Rebels under the command of Michael Mallin and Countess Markiewicz seized control of St. Stephen’s Green. Trenches were dug around the perimeter of the park, and the glasshouse was used as a First Aid station. Evidence of the fighting can be found on the Fusiliers’ Arch at the northwest entrance to the park, where bullet holes can still be seen to this day on the structure.

This area falls within both a CA and an ACA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shown in Table 24.5. There are c. 24 further architectural heritage constraints located within the study area at this location which are described in detail as shown in Table 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraints located here include St. Stephen’s Green Park (AH10, AH11 and AH12) which is a National Monument of international importance, Royal Dublin Fusiliers’ Arch (AH13) which is part of the St. Stephen’s Green National Monument, Lady Grattan’s Fountain and two horse troughs (AH14) and a number of Georgian houses (AH15–AH32) facing onto St. Stephen’s Green North.

dawson StreetDawson Street was built as the main street within the “new suburb” by Joshua Dawson between 1705 and 1728. In this period the street was lined with brick houses, however very few of these survive. Other structures remaining from this original period are Dawson’s house, now the Mansion House and St. Ann’s Church. Larger houses replaced the original brick ones in the latter part of the 18th century. The street has been altered further since the late 19th century resulting in a mix of various architectural forms, some grouped and others with more individual expression.

This area falls within both a CA and an ACA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shown in Table 24.5. There are c. 51 further architectural heritage constraints located within the study area at this location which are described in detail as shown in Table 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraints located here include “The Mansion House” (AH33) which is the oldest (1710) free-standing house in the city, St. Ann’s Church (AH34) and the former North British Assurance Company Bank (AH35) which was built in 1900.

Nassau StreetNassau Street was formerly known as St. Patrick’s Well Lane after a well (AC20 in Archaeological Baseline Categorisation) that was present within the grounds of where TCD stands today. It was renamed in the 18th century after the accession to the throne of King William III, a member of the House of Orange-Nassau. It was at this time that Nassau Street came within the area of the Joshua Dawson Estate. It forms the northern-most boundary to the estate and was developed in the early 18th century due to its important location at the junction between Dawson Street and TCD. Its character is defined by the distinctive stone boundary and railings to TCD on the north as well as the buildings on its southern edge, many of which have been altered substantially.

This area falls within both a CA and partly within an ACA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shown in Table 24.5. There are c. 4 further architectural heritage constraints located within the study area at this location which are described in detail as shown in Table 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraints located here include the curving stone wall and high decorative cast iron railings enclosing TCD (AH105).

grafton StreetGrafton Street was named after the 1st Duke of Grafton, who was the owner of property in the surrounding area. It was originally a country lane, but was widened and developed by the Dawson family in 1708 and completed in 1727. There was always a combination of both residential and commercial uses. It was largely rebuilt at the end of the 18th century and then again in 1841. Today the street is a contemporary shopping destination with associated shop fronts.

This area falls within both a CA and within an ACA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shown in Table 24.5. There are c. 15 further architectural heritage constraints located within the study area at this



location which are described in detail as shown in Table 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraints located here include the former Commercial Union Insurance Company (AH100) building dating to 1885 and the Provost’s House dating to 1759 (AH103) including its boundary walls, gate piers and gates.

College greenThe space has altered many times through its history. Originally it was “Hoggen Green” and was triangular in shape, different to its current layout. When Dame Street was widened in the 1780s the space was increased in size. The classical, democratic character of its architecture has made the place a natural assembly point, though this has been affected by the heavy traffic here.

It is described by Christine Casey (2005, 377) as “a grand and exhilarating public space framed by the classical façades of the former Parliament House and Trinity College, and dramatized by rhetorical bronze statues of national political and literary heroes”. The buildings that enclose it represent some of the finest architecture in Ireland and create a trapezoidal enclosure now populated mainly by traffic. To its east is TCD which is an extraordinary building complex set within the enclosing walls on to College Street, College Green, Nassau Street, Pearse Street and Westland Row. Arthur Gibney has described it as “the most perfect ensemble of 18th century collegiate buildings in Britain or Ireland” (Graby and O’Connor, 1993).

This area falls within both a CA and partly within an ACA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shown in Table 24.5. There are c. 9 further architectural heritage constraints (some of international importance) located within the study area at this location which are described in detail as shown in Table 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraints located here include statues of Oliver Goldsmith and Edmund Burke (AH104), the west front of TCD, including Regent’s House, and all enclosing architecture of TCD campus (AH105 and AH106), the Henry Grattan statue and associated lamp standards (AH107) and the Bank of Ireland (AH108).

College StreetCollege Street is characterised by the buildings on its northern side, such as the former Scottish Widows building in sandstone and the Westin Hotel containing the façade of the former Provincial Bank dating to 1868 and on its southern side by the distinctive TCD boundary wall and railings. The street has an island in it containing a set of underground Victorian toilets mentioned in Ulysses (and commemorated on a

plaque) and a statue of Thomas Moore by Christopher Moore from 1857.

This area falls within both a CA and partly within an ACA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shown in Table 24.5. There are c. 14 further architectural heritage constraints located within the study area at this location which are described in detail as shown in Table 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraints located here include the Thomas Moore monument (AH109), the Scottish Widows Insurance building of 1875 (AH111), the former Provincial Bank (now the Westin Hotel) of 1868 (AH113) D’Olier Chambers (AH150) and Pearse Street Garda Station (AH122).

hawkins Street Hawkins Street links College Street with Burgh Quay and has been substantially rebuilt in the 20th century (particularly along its eastern side) with the rear of the Bord Gáis building facing on to it, along with the imposing concrete frame of Hawkins House and the Screen Cinema by Henry J. Lyons. It also has the Sheahan Memorial located at its north end.

This area falls partly within a CA and partly within an ACA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shown in Table 24.5. There are c. 6 further architectural heritage constraints located within the study area at this location which are described in detail as shown in Table 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraints located here include D’Olier Chambers dating to c. 1891 (AH150), the Dublin Gaslight Building to the rear of the Bord Gáis building (AH154) and the Sheahan Memorial (AH159).

Westmoreland StreetThe area of Westmoreland Street was reclaimed during the 17th century previously consisting of tidal marsh land. The street itself was developed in the late 1790s as part of a building project (WSC) which sought to improve and revitalise the city. This development saw the destruction of many older buildings and streets. It was the original intention of the designer, Henry Aaron Baker, to widen the street further than it is and to flank it with terraces and Doric colonnades. It was named after John Fane, 10th Earl of Westmoreland and Lord Lieutenant from 1790 and 1794.

This area falls within both a CA and within an ACA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shown in Table 24.5. There are c. 28 further architectural heritage constraints located within the study area at this



location which are described in detail as shown in Table 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraints located here include the former Bewley’s buildings located at 10–12 Westmoreland Street (AH131, AH132 and AH133), two of which are in the Ruskinian style and date to 1867, the former Liverpool and Lancashire Insurance Company building dating to 1898 (AH140), the former Pearl Insurance building of 1936 (AH147) and the Scottish Widows Insurance building of 1875 (AH149).

O’Connell Bridge and the Liffey quaysThe original bridge was designed by James Gandon and commissioned by the WSC. This bridge was completed in 1795 and was named “Carlisle Bridge” for the then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland – Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle. In 1880 “Carlisle Bridge” was trebled in width to match O’Connell Street, its hump was removed by the engineer Bindon Blood Stoney and it was renamed after Daniel O’Connell, whose statue stands nearby. It is animated with ornamental Portland stone, spandrels, balustrades and parapets with Riverine heads and cast iron lamp standards (Casey, 2005). In recent years the lamps on the central island have been restored. The keystone head on the bridge was sculpted by Edward Smyth to represent the River Liffey.

West and east of O’Connell Bridge are the quays: Aston Quay, Burgh Quay, Bachelors Walk and Eden Quay. The Liffey Quays are characterised by the quay walls themselves which date to the 18th century and 19th century, the terraced buildings fronting the river which enclose the river space and the bridges along it which animate the view.

“The Aston Quay range is a rare instance in Dublin of a unified quay frontage, here with pilaster strips to the upper floors and a continuous entablature below the attic storey” (Casey, 2005). The quay was developed c. 1680 by Major Henry Aston from an earlier quay wall by William Hawkins c. 1660 (the quay is noted in some places as Hawkins Quay). The quay was then totally reconstructed in the mid-18th century, though none of this 18th century building stock survives (Casey, 2005).

Burgh Quay was not established until just into the 19th century (1805–1809). The quay was originally the most eastern part of Aston Quay but had become isolated from it. The WSC’s opening of Westmoreland Street and D’Olier Street presented an opportunity to redevelop the quay. The quay was developed under the auspices of the WSC “… who ensured stock brick fronts, even fenestration and parapet levels, and even achieved a number of arcaded granite shop fronts …”

(Casey, 2005). Burgh Quay is named after Margaret Amelia Burgh, wife of John Foster, who was the last speaker of the Irish House of Commons (Casey, 2005).

Charles Brooking’s map of 1728 shows for the first time this area reclaimed to its current extent and annotates the quay as “Batchelour’s Walke”. This name is thought to have been derived from the owner of a property here, by the name of “Batchelor”. Some terraced houses dating to the early 18th century, with a number of later additions, line the quay today (Casey, 2005).

“Eden Quay is characterized by a mixture of post-1916 rebuilding and a handful of decent 19th century survivals” (Casey, 2005). It was planned c. 1790 by the WSC in order to connect Bachelors Walk with the new Custom House further east. The quay was constructed soon after that, in the early 19th century and this construction coincided with the building of O’Connell (then Carlisle) Bridge which limited navigation to the west of Eden Quay. This assisted the development of Eden Quay by making it a significant area for docking. Building on Eden Quay continued until the late 1820s and “… unusually all the quayside buildings appear to have had stone arcaded shop fronts, an expense offset in some instances by the WSC …” (Casey, 2005). The only surviving edifice from this period is the front façade of the former Mercantile Steam Packet Company building of 1829, visible on the corner with Marlborough Street. Eden Quay is named after the Chief Secretary of 1790–1792, the Rt. Hon. William Eden (Casey, 2005).

This area falls partly within a CA and partly within an ACA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shown in Table 24.5. There are c. 5 further architectural heritage constraints located within the study area at this location which are described in detail as shown in Table 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraints located here include O’Connell Bridge (AH162) and the 18th century and 19th century quays to either side of O’Connell Bridge (AH160, AH161, AH165 and AH166).

O’Connell Street Lower and O’Connell Street upperO’Connell Street is in the general location of a shorter 18th century street called “Drogheda Street”, which in the mid-18th century was renamed “Sackville Street” after Lionel Cranfield Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. This street was significantly widened during the mid-18th century and developed as an elongated square or mall stretching as far as Henry Street. The mall was then extended, c. 1785, all the way to the River Liffey where Carlisle Bridge



(now O’Connell Bridge) was constructed. “Sackville Street” became the first “boulevard” street on these islands, earlier than Regent Street in London and even Haussmann’s great avenues of Paris. This thoroughfare was renamed in 1924 in honour of Daniel O’Connell, the early 19th century nationalist leader. It now forms part of a grand spatial link through the centre of the city created in the 18th century comprising Carlisle Bridge (now O’Connell Bridge), Westmoreland Street, College Green and Dame Street terminating at City Hall and Dublin Castle. The buildings along the street were largely rebuilt in the early 20th century in the wake of substantial destruction caused during the War of Independence and the Civil War. The western side of O’Connell Street Upper still conforms to the original 18th century plot widths and retains some of its older fabric. O’Connell Street was the stage for several important events in Irish history including one of the 1913 Dublin Lockout gatherings, the 1916 Easter Rising, the Irish Civil War of 1922, the destruction of Nelson‘s Pillar in 1966 and numerous public celebrations, protests and demonstrations. The street continues to be used as a place of both protest and celebration. It is the main route of the St. Patrick’s Day Parade and the setting for the annual 1916 Easter Rising Commemoration.

This area falls partly within a CA and partly within an ACA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shown in Table 24.5. There are c. 71 further architectural heritage constraints located within the study area at this location which are described in detail as shown in Table 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraints located on O’Connell Street Lower include a very large number of stripped Neo-classical buildings dating to c. 1917 (e.g. AH206 and AH212), the General Post Office (GPO) dating to 1814 (AH198), the O’Connell Monument (AH236) and the William Smith O’Brien Monument (A235) both of which are National Monuments, the Sir John Gray Monument (AH237) and the James Larkin statue (AH239).

Notable architectural heritage constraints located on O’Connell Street Upper include the Savoy Cinema (AH207), the Gresham Hotel (AH209), Nos. 37 and 38 O’Connell Street (AH213 and AH214), the former Carlton Cinema (AH219), the former Pillar Theatre (AH225), the former Royal Bank (AH226), the former Standard Life Assurance Company building dating to 1861 (AH228), the Spire Monument (AH234), the Father Mathew Monument (AH232) and the Parnell Monument along with four Victorian-era cast iron bollards (AH233) which are designated as a National Monument.

Marlborough StreetMarlborough Street is named after the Duke of Marlborough, though it was for a time called “Tyrone Street” (after Richard Cassels’ Tyrone House which is located on it). It formed the eastern boundary of the Jervis Estate in the early 18th century and retains a number of its original Georgian houses as well as St. Thomas’s Church and, most importantly, St. Mary‘s Pro-Cathedral.

This area falls partly within an ACA and a small portion of its southern end also falls within a CA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shown in Table 24.5. There are c. 57 further architectural heritage constraints located within the study area at this location which are described in detail as shown in Table 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraints located here include the Seaman’s Institute (AH242) dating to c. 1925, Eden House (AH243), St. Mary’s Pro-Cathedral (AH275), the Department of Education buildings (AH250–AH251), the former College of Domestic Economy (AH260–AH266) and St. Thomas’s Church (AH244).

Parnell StreetParnell Street was originally named “Ballybough Lane” and was later known as “Great Britain Street”. It was split into plots, along with Parnell Square which was part of the Gardiner Estate, in 1720 and was fully developed with houses along it by the 1750s. However, very little of this original fabric from the 18th century survives. The street does have some interesting early-Victorian public houses along the eastern end as well as having the important Rotunda Hospital on its northern side.

This area falls partly within a CA and partly within an ACA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shown in Table 24.5. There are c. 35 further architectural heritage constraints located within the study area at this location which are described in detail as shown in Table 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraints located here include the Rotunda Hospital (AH299–AH301), Parnell Mooney’s licensed premises (AH306) and Conway’s Pub (AH305) both dating to c. 1870.

dominick Street Lower and upper The land for Dominick Street Lower was sold in lots by the widow of Sir Christopher Dominick in the mid-18th century. The street was neglected in the mid-20th century and only 10 of the original 66 Georgian houses survive. These houses were developed by the stuccodor Robert West and contain some of the finest plasterwork in Dublin. The influence of the LeFranchini



Brothers and Cramillion is strong, particularly in the stunning plaster work of No. 20.

Dominick Street Upper, is characterised by more recent 20th century and 21st century additions. Parts of the 19th century terrace remain at its northeastern end though the street has been badly broken up by inappropriate demolitions.

This area falls partly within a CA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shown in Table 24.5. There are c. 27 further architectural heritage constraints located within the study area at this location which are described in detail as shown in Table 24.5. Significant sites located on Dominick Street Lower include St. Saviour’s Dominican Church (AH337) dating to 1861, St. Saviour’s Priory (AH338) and 10 Georgian houses which all have interior Rococo plasterwork, No. 20 Dominick Street Lower (AH332) having interior plasterwork of particular note by stuccodor Robert West.

Western Way This area has undergone substantial alteration from the predominantly rural character visible on Duncan’s Map of 1821. The 1st Edition Ordnance Survey of 1838 depicts the eastern section of the road which would later be named as Western Way and Foster Aqueduct which carried the canal over Constitution Hill. The aqueduct was removed in 1951 to assist road widening in the area and Western Way was laid out in its current form at this time.

This area does not fall within either a CA or an ACA. A notable architectural heritage constraint located within the study area at Western Way is the curved stone walls enclosing Western Way (AH358).

Constitution hill and Broadstone The construction of the Royal Canal and more particularly the Broadstone Branch and Harbour was an impetus to residential development in this area. The Royal Canal was commissioned in 1789 and a harbour built within Broadstone which was connected to the main Royal Canal at Phibsborough via a canal spur (Broadstone Branch). Construction of the branch line commenced in 1796 but it was 10 years before Broadstone Harbour was opened. The harbour’s location was chosen for its proximity to the markets and the law courts. The area subsequently became a hive of industry with many hotels and inns and the trade boats using the wharfage and stores at the harbour and by 1900 this former semi-rural village had become a burgeoning city suburb.

Much of this growth was stimulated by the arrival of the MGWR in 1845. The railway cutting to the north of the former Broadstone station terminal building was created to accommodate this new line. John Skipton Mulvany was the architect of the new railway terminal building which was built at the crest of Constitution Hill in 1850. The building faces south and its façades are of a classic Neo-Egyptian style. The adjoining buildings are also of interest. The passenger shed roofs were designed by the ironmaster Richard Turner, however, following their collapse in 1847 a new roof was designed and constructed by G.W. Hemans. The cab shed added in 1961 was designed by George Wilkinson (Casey, 2005).

Maurice Craig says of the design of the former Broadstone station terminal building “it is hard to praise it too highly ... the great, pylon-like block of the main building arrests and holds the eye then to the right the seemingly interminable colonnade carries the imagination towards the flat bogland of the Central Plain ... it stands on arising ground, and the traveller who sees it for the first time, so unexpected in its massive amplitude, feels a little as he might if he were to stumble unawares upon the monstrous silences of Karnak or Luxor” (O’Connor, 1993). However, the building and, in particular, its setting have been altered somewhat since its completion. Originally, the Broadstone Branch of the Royal Canal extended in front of the building to Broadstone Harbour formerly located in the forecourt of the Bus Átha Cliath Phibsborough Garage. This canal spur was carried over Phibsborough Road/Constitution Hill by a massive Neo-Egyptian style aqueduct (Foster Aqueduct). The aqueduct was removed in 1951 to facilitate road widening (though a section of its western retaining wall still survives to the south of the steps up to the former Broadstone station terminal building).

This area falls partly within a CA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and shown in Table 24.5. There are c. 5 further architectural heritage constraints located within the study area at this location which are described in detail as shown in Table 24.5. Notable architectural heritage constraints located here include buildings and features lying within the curtilage of the former Broadstone station terminal building including surrounding boundary/retaining walls (AH361).



24.5.2.2 Area 30: Former Broadstone railway cutting to BroombridgeFormer MgWR cutting, North Circular Road, Cabra Road and Fassaugh RoadThe MGWR railway was commenced in 1845 and ultimately linked Galway with Broadstone Railway Terminus. A significant railway cutting bounded by stone retaining and boundary walls running north from Broadstone Railway Terminus contained the railway line at a low level. The cutting dates to c. 1846 and it comprises two sets of dressed limestone boundary/retaining walls. The line and railway terminus at Broadstone were closed in 1937.

The North Circular Road is a curved thoroughfare laid out in the 1780s which connected the Phoenix Park with the Liffey docks. It contains a mix of architectural heritage with a number of earlier rural estates now joined by a number of more recent suburban style and urban terraced housing. The road is carried over the former MGWR cutting by a single-span, rusticated limestone bridge built c. 1846.

Cabra Road is a mainly residential street with a number of 19th century terraces. The road is carried over the former MGWR cutting (described previously) by a single-span, rusticated limestone bridge built c. 1846.

Fassaugh Road is an east–west artery to the north of the Cabra Road with almost exclusively 20th century buildings along it. It is carried across the MGWR cutting by the more recent Fassaugh Road bridge and executed in concrete. This bridge replaces an earlier bridge probably in limestone and contemporaneous to the bridges located at Cabra Road and the North Circular Road.

This area falls partly within a RCA (Z2 Zoning), as illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS. There are c. 22 further architectural heritage constraints located within the study area at this location which are described in detail as shown in Table 24.6. Notable architectural heritage constraints located here include the former MGWR cutting and its associated boundary/retaining walls (AH364), two stone bridges of c. 1846 by the MGWR spanning the cutting at North Circular Road (AH369) and Cabra Road (AH378), a terrace of 19th

century houses running parallel to the cutting at St. Peter’s Avenue (AH372), and a number of 19th century houses on the North Circular Road and Cabra Road some of which are built into or against the stone retaining walls of the former MGWR cutting (e.g. AH366 and AH367).

The Royal Canal and Broombridge RoadA section of the Royal Canal falls within the study area between Mount Bernard Park and Broombridge Road. The canal includes its stone walls, the locks along it as well as the tow path to one side. It was constructed between 1790–1817 and, like the MGWR, whom the canal was sold to in 1845, was built for the purpose of connecting Dublin with the west. The area adjacent to the alignment and canal here is characterised by the 20th century council housing and industrial sheds.

This area falls partly within a RCA (Z2 Zoning) and partly within the Royal Canal CA, as illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS. There are two further architectural heritage constraints located within the study area at this location, the former Great Southern and Western Railway (GSWR) twin-arch masonry tunnel (AH387) and Broombridge canal and railway overbridge (AH388), which are described in detail as shown in Table 24.6.

24.5.3 Categorisation of the baseline environmentThe results of the baseline categorisation for Area 29 are summarised as shown in Table 24.5 and for Area 30 in Table 24.6. The location and, where relevant, the extents of these sites are illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS.



Ah NO. LEgAL STATuS SITE dESCRIPTION BASELINE

RATINg

Location: Grafton Street area

AH1 ACA

grafton Street and Environs ACA

Terraced residential and commercial properties, their settings, street furniture, shop fronts, paving and planting. The extent of the ACA within the study area is illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDP maps. It includes the northern side of the western end section of St. Stephen’s Green North, the western side of the southern terminal of Dawson Street, the southern side of the western terminal of Nassau Street and the western side of the northern end section of Grafton Street.

Very high

Location: South Great George’s Street to Dawson Street area

AH2 ACA

The South City Retail quarter ACA

Terraced residential and commercial properties, their settings, street furniture, shop fronts, paving and planting. The extent of the ACA within the study area is illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDP maps. It includes the majority of Dawson Street except for its southern and northern terminals, the eastern terminal of Suffolk Street and a small area on the southern side of College Green.

Very high

Location: O’Connell Street area

AH3 ACA

O’Connell Street ACA

Terraced residential and commercial properties, their settings, street furniture, shop fronts, paving and planting. The extent of the ACA within the study area is illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDP maps. It includes the northern side of College Street, the majority of Westmoreland Street, the western side of Hawkins Street, the eastern end section of Burgh Quay, the western end section of Aston Quay, O’Connell Bridge, the eastern end section of Bachelors Walk, the western end section of Eden Quay, O’Connell Street Lower and Upper, the western side and parts of the eastern side of Marlborough Street and part of Parnell Street between its junction with North Great Georges Street and Parnell Square West.

Very high

Location: Grafton Street Area

AH4 CA

grafton Street CA

Terraced residential and commercial properties, their settings, street furniture, shop fronts, paving and planting. The extent of the CA within the study area is illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDP maps. It includes St. Stephen’s Green Park, St. Stephen’s Green West and North, Dawson Street, Nassau Street, TCD, the northern end section of Grafton Street, College Green, College Street, the western terminal of Pearse Street and the southern end section of Westmoreland Street.

Very high

Table 24.5 Baseline categorisation: Area 29 St. Stephen’s Green to the former Broadstone railway cutting




RATINg

Location: River Liffey and its Quays

AH5 CA

River Liffey and quays CA

All of the quays, bridges and buildings facing the river, including Bachelors Walk, Burgh, Eden and Aston Quays. The establishment of riverside quays with buildings facing onto the river was the single most important intervention in shaping the city. Today the character of the quays is defined by the existing historic fabric, new build, the height and setting of buildings, the quays, bridges and port area, the curving nature of the river and the vistas which emerge along its course. The extent of the CA within the study area is illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDP maps. It includes the northern end section of Westmoreland Street, the northern terminal of Hawkins Street, the western end section of Burgh Quay, the eastern end section of Aston Quay, O’Connell Bridge, the eastern end section of Bachelors Walk, the western end section of Eden Quay and the southern terminal of Marlborough Street.

Very high

Location: O’Connell Street and Parnell Square area

AH6 CA

O’Connell Street and Parnell Square CA

Terraced residential and commercial properties, their settings, street furniture, shop fronts, paving and planting. The extent of the CA within the study area is illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDP maps. It includes O’Connell Street Lower and Upper and the section of Parnell Street between its junction with Parnell Square East and Parnell Square West.

Very high

Location: Dominick Street Lower

AH7 CA

dominick Street Lower CA

Terraced residential properties with a number of social housing complexes and vacant site. This part of Dominick Street retains part of one of the finest Georgian terraces in Dublin and contains a number of houses with unique plasterwork interiors. The extent of the CA within the study area is illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDP maps. It includes only the northern end section of Dominick Street Lower.

Very high

Location: Broadstone

AH8 CA

Broadstone CA

This is a small area and is dominated by Mulvany’s Broadstone Railway Terminus. The extent of the CA within the study area is illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDP maps. It encompasses the southern front elevation of the former Broadstone Railway Terminus and a small scallop-shaped area to the south of this building.

Very high





RATINg

Location: The Royal Canal

AH9 CA

The Royal Canal CA

The canal includes its stone walls, the locks along it as well as the tow path to one side. It was constructed between 1790–1817 and, like the MGWR, to whom the canal was sold to in 1845, was built for the purpose of connecting Dublin with the west. The extent of the CA within the study area is illustrated on maps (Baseline Architectural Heritage) included in Book 4 of this EIS and DCDP maps. It includes the section of canal between Prospect Cemetery and Broombridge.

Very high

Location: St. Stephen’s Green

AH10

National Monument

RMP DU018-020334

St. Stephen’s green

St. Stephen’s Green is a square Georgian landscaped park surrounded by former Georgian residences on four sides with historical landscape and features contained within.

This site is a National Monument including all of the landscape features within the perimeter. The National Monument also includes the railings, gates, plinth walls, granite kerbs and pavements comprising the perimeter boundary of St. Stephen’s Green Park (AH11) as well as the surrounding bollards (AH12) and the Fusiliers’ Arch (AH13).

Note: Refer also to AC2 in the Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).

Very high


AH11

Part of National Monument

RMP DU018-020334

RPS 7927

Railings, gates, plinth walls, granite kerbs and pavements of perimeter boundary on St. Stephen’s green

The railings and gates are aligned with those erected in c. 1818 which replace the earlier brick wall. Much of the railings were reconstituted during repair works in more recent years. The railings consist of round wrought-iron uprights set on a plain low plinth wall of granite, with cast or drop-forged spear-head finials with spiked guards between.

According to the recent historic landscaping report on St. Stephen‘s Green by Lotts Architecture, “no record survives of the original surface material surrounding the Green, but it is probable that this was gravel or hoggin. It was replaced in the early 20th century with concrete. This was upgraded in 2002 with granite kerbs and paving of good quality, and trees were planted within circles cut into the paving. No historic paving survives” (Byrne and McLoughlin, 2009).


Very high





RATINg


AH12

Part of National Monument RMP DU018-020334

RPS 7928

Surrounding bollards and traditional style lamp posts

Comprises granite type bollards, iron type bollards and three different lamp standard types.

“The promenades must be seen as a part of the landscape design of St. Stephen’s Green and are also protected under the National Monuments designation of the park. Although outer promenades existed in the formal square of the 18th century, the present configuration with bollards dates to the period after 1814. This consists of a row of octagonal Wicklow granite bollards set into the kerb, the angled faces diminishing at the base to form a square plan. During the paving works in the 1990s the bollards on the north, west and the northern two-thirds of the east side were replaced with replicas, and the surviving intact bollards were arranged on the south side and at the Leeson Street end of the east side. The bollards terminate with cast iron finials and loops to take chains which were not retained. The cast iron fittings have been reused from the original bollards. The bollards have been interrupted at the late 19th century corner entrances, and more recently at the Luas stop at the northern part of the west side. No record survives of the original surface material surrounding the Green, but it is probable that this was gravel or hoggin. It was replaced in the early 20th century with concrete. This was upgraded in 2002 with granite paving of good quality, and trees were planted within circles cut into the paving. No historic paving survives.

Lantern-style lamp standards, first introduced as gaslights in 1824, survive within this scheme having fluted uprights and bases bearing the coat of arms of Dublin and the imprint of the Hammond foundry, Dublin” (Byrne and McLoughlin, 2009).

Note: Refer also to AC2 in the Materials Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).

Very high





RATINg


AH13

Part of National Monument

RMP DU018-020334

Royal dublin Fusiliers’ Arch

A memorial arch located on the northwest corner of St. Stephen’s Green Park. The arch is orientated at an angle facing Grafton Street. It includes decorative railings, with a semi-circular area of stone setts to the front. The arch dates to c. 1907 and is by Howard Pentland of OPW.

“The Fusiliers’ Arch is a triumphal arch built of pale grey granite to commemorate the Irish Guards and Royal Dublin Fusiliers who fell in the Second Anglo-Boer War of 1899–1902. The central opening is a round-headed arch with inscribed soffit, plain keystone and moulded archivolt resting on a reeded impost over a high rusticated base. The entablature with inscribed frieze breaks forward over paired Doric pilasters flanking the archway on rusticated pedestals. A high blocking course surmounted by a further cornice breaks forward above the pilasters with a framed rectangular inscribed plaque over the archway. The triumphal arch which formed the carriage entrance is flanked by a screen of four rusticated piers on either side, holding flanking pedestrian gates and ironwork panels on granite plinths. There are two iron bollards set on the park side of the arch to prevent traffic entering the park” (Byrne and McLoughlin, 2009).

Note: Refer also to AC2 in the Materials Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).

Very high

Location: St. Stephen’s Green North

AH14 RPS 7929

Lady grattan Fountain and two horse troughs

A stone fountain and horse trough (facing Dawson Street) which is also known as the Lady Laura Grattan Monument. “This monument stands on the north side of the Green at the junction to Dawson Street. It comprises of a small Gothic-style cross on a quatrefoil shaft of polished granite with a drinking fountain around a circular base bearing an inscription, standing on a low octagonal plinth. It was presented to the Corporation and Citizens of Dublin by Lady Laura Grattan in 1880. The monument is flanked by two granite drinking troughs of chamfered detail standing on low supports. The troughs appear to have been relocated from another location and the present arrangement is not historic, the westernmost trough being further removed due to a pedestrian crossing” (Byrne and McLoughlin, 2009).

Very high





RATINg

Location: No. 51A Grafton Street

AH15Within

ACA, CA

georgian Building

No. 51A Grafton Street is a three-bayed, corner building with three storeys over a shop (currently Butlers). The building has painted brickwork with rendered window linings and quoins and is of 19th century date. The architect is unknown.

Medium

Location: No. 1 St. Stephen’s Green North

AH16Within

ACA, CA

georgian Building

No. 1 St. Stephen’s Green North is a two-bay, three-storey Georgian building over a ground floor retail unit (currently Reiss) with a brick façade. The building is of 19th century date and does not have a basement. The building was rebuilt c. 1970s. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH17Within

ACA, CA

georgian Building

No. 2 St. Stephen’s Green North is a two-bay, three-storey Georgian building over a ground floor retail unit (currently Permanent TSB). The building was rebuilt c. 1970s. Its brick façade has been refaced, has stuck-on windows and is fitted with a modern shop front. The building has a basement comprised of masonry and brickwork that does not extend beyond the main building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH18 RPS 7932

georgian Building

No. 3 St. Stephen’s Green North is a four-storey, two-bay Georgian building with a brick façade and granite detailing at the eaves and cornice (currently Oasis) built c. 1850s. It features an early 20th century oriel window, possibly added for the Dublin Bread Company’s refreshment rooms in 1910, and large first floor drawing rooms with plasterwork. It is the former premises of Dublin ironsmith Richard Turner. The building does not have a basement. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH19 RPS 7933

georgian Building

No. 4 St. Stephen’s Green North is a two-bay, three-storey building over a retail premises (currently Insomnia) with a brown brick façade rebuilt c. 1820, a top-lit stair hall, early 19th century joinery, reeded cornices and chimney pieces. It comprises part of the renowned former premises of Dublin ironsmith Richard Turner. The building has a cellar built of solid brick and stone that extends c. 1m from the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high





RATINg


AH20 RPS 7934

georgian Building

No. 5 St. Stephen’s Green North is a two-bay, three-storey building over a retail premises (currently Coast) with a brown brick façade rebuilt c. 1820, a top-lit stair hall, early 19th century joinery, reeded cornices and chimney pieces. It comprises part of the renowned former premises of Dublin ironsmith Richard Turner. The building has a cellar built from solid brick masonry. The cellar extends c. 2m from the front elevation. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH21 RPS 7935

Shop/Offices (19th century building)

No. 6 St. Stephen’s Green North is a brick terraced building containing a shop and offices. It was rebuilt by Sir Thomas Drew for Robert Smith in 1867–1870. “A canted bay links Nos. 6 and 7 St. Stephen’s Green North (AH22) creating the impression of a four-storey Ruskinian Gothic tower imbedded among Georgian neighbours” (Casey, 2005). It currently contains Topshop along with No. 7 St. Stephen’s Green North. The building has a cellar made with a concrete frame that extends c. 1m in front of the building line.

Very high


AH22 RPS 7936

georgian Building

No. 7 St. Stephen’s Green North is a three-bay, four-storey building rebuilt by Robert Smith in 1830 and currently containing a shop and offices. It has an elegant five-bay granite shop front and brick upper façade. It currently contains Topshop along with No. 6 St. Stephen’s Green North (AH21). The cellar of the building has a concrete frame and extends c. 1m from the building line.

Very high


AH23 RPS 7937

Former hibernian united Services Club

No. 8 St. Stephen’s Green North is a late 18th century house, re-worked in the 19th century, with a brick façade. The steps are by Patrick Byrne and the front is by William G. Murray. It is a five-bay, four-storey building containing a large entrance hall, a stair hall and a reception room with Rococo plasterwork. Records suggest that the house was rebuilt in 1772, remodelled in 1852 and again in the 1890s by the Hibernian United Services Club. The cellar of the building is built of masonry and extends c. 3m beyond the main building line and is accessible from the street.

Very high





RATINg


AH24 RPS 7938

St. Stephen’s green hibernian Club

No. 9 St. Stephen’s Green North is an 18th century house with a later Italianate rendered façade. A mansard roof and plate glass windows were added in the 20th century. It is a five-bay building with a porte-cochére by Joseph Jarrett and contains Rococo stuccowork by Lafranchini, an interesting staircase and wainscoting joinery. The structural form of the cellar comprises solid masonry stone and brickwork with brick arched and vaulted ceilings to sections of basements/cellar. The basement does not extend beyond the main building and is accessible from the street.

Very high


AH25 RPS 7939

Rubicon gallery

No. 10 St. Stephen’s Green North is a former house, dating from the 18th century. It is a three-bay, three-storey building in brick with Greek Ionic doorcases and railings to the front. The structural form of the cellar comprises masonry supporting the façade and it extends c. 1.5m beyond the main building line. The basement is accessible from the street. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH26 RPS 7940

georgian house

No. 11 St. Stephen’s Green North is a former house, dating from the 18th century. It is a three-bay, three-storey building in render with coursed plinth, Greek Ionic doorcases and railings to the front. It was altered for A.H. Orpen by Mitchell and Sons c. 1929. The cellar is of masonry construction and extends c. 6m south from the main building line.

Very high


AH27 RPS 7941

Bank

No. 12 St. Stephen’s Green North is a bank dating from c. 1902 by Carroll and Batchelor. It is a three-bay, three-storey building over a shop (currently Londis). It has an Italianate frontage with stucco quoins and pediments at high level and limestone quoins to the banking hall. The cellar has concrete walls and floors supporting the façade that extends c. 2m beyond the main building line. The cellar is accessible from the street via a hatch.

Very high





RATINg

Location: No. 13 St. Stephen’s Green North/No. 24 Dawson Street

AH28RPS 7942

RPS 2302

house/Commercial Premises

No. 13 St. Stephen’s Green North/No. 24 Dawson Street is a four-storey corner building over a shop (currently Elverys) in decorative render with gold leaf detail containing offices and apartments above the ground floor. It dates to c. 1905 and is by J.C. Clayton. It has bay windows and a turret detail to the corner. The cellar of the building has a concrete frame supporting the façade above and extends c. 1m south and c. 1m east of the main building line.

Very high


AH29 RPS 7943

georgian house

No. 14 St. Stephen’s Green North along with adjoining No. 15 St. Stephen’s Green North (AH30), form a pair of tall, three-bay, four-storey Georgian brick houses built for Ambrose Leet in the 18th century. To the front it has a pedimented stone doorcase with granite steps. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH30 RPS 7944

georgian house

No. 15 St. Stephen’s Green North along with adjoining No. 14 St. Stephen’s Green North (AH29), form a pair of tall, three-bay, four-storey Georgian brick houses built for Gustavos Hume. To the front it has a pedimented stone doorcase with granite steps. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH31 RPS 7945

georgian house

No. 16 St. Stephen’s Green North is one of a pair of Georgian four-bay, four-storey, former brick faced houses now covered in ivy. The stone front steps and pedimented doorcase are similar to those on Nos. 14 and 15 St. Stephen’s Green North (AH29 and AH30). A cast-iron balcony is visible at first floor level. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH32 RPS 7946

georgian house

No. 17 St. Stephen’s Green North is one of a pair of Georgian four-bay, four-storey, former brick faced houses now covered in ivy. The stone front steps and pedimented doorcase are similar to those on Nos. 14 and 15 St. Stephen’s Green North (AH29 and AH30). The architect is unknown.

Very high





RATINg

Location: Dawson Street

AH33 RPS 2292

The Mansion house

The Mansion House was built by Joshua Dawson in 1710 as his own residence and is the oldest free-standing house in the city comprising of a two-storey, seven-bay block. Central three bays proud of main façade with pediment above and coat of arms within. Heavy balustrade above second floor level. The front façade originally brick was redesigned with Victorian stucco and cast iron by Hugh Byrne, City Architect c. 1851. The house was sold for use as the Lord Mayor’s residence in 1715 and remains in this use to this day. It contains interiors of note, though many now altered. To the north of main house is Fire restaurant and a large forecourt with cobbled set down area and curved stone piers with cast iron railings.

The architect is unknown.


Very high


AH34 RPS 2293

St. Ann’s Church

St. Ann’s Church was designed by Isaac Wills in 1720 in a Baroque style. It was altered in 1868 by Sir Thomas Newenham Deane who added the finely detailed Lombardo Romanesque façade in Wicklow granite, grey limestone, calp, Portland and red sandstone on to Dawson Street. The bell tower is incomplete. Originally designed for Joshua Dawson. The interior is of note and was reworked by noted church architect Joseph Welland. It is notable for being the first church in Dublin to be axially aligned with the street. It is a simple three-bay composition with setback central gable and gabled arch over doorway.


Very high

Location: No. 1 Dawson Street

AH35 RPS 2294

Former North British Assurance Company Bank

No. 1 Dawson Street was built c. 1900 by W. Washington Browne. Its façade is expressed over four storeys in limestone with the Ionic orders. It also has decorative balustrade spandrels and string courses at the three upper levels in granite as well as a copper dome to the corner with a clock face. Basement voids were identified in the radar survey but the basements were not accessed due to security precautions. The architect is unknown.

Very high





RATINg


AH36Within

ACA, CA

Modern Infill Building

No. 2 Dawson Street is a brick infill building with a large arched ope and a shop front at ground floor level. It was built c. 1990s. Basement does not extend beyond the building line.

Low


AH37 RPS 2295

Commercial Premises

No. 3 Dawson Street is a two-bay brick façade building with three storeys over a commercial premises at ground floor level. It is 19th century in origin. The building does not appear to have a basement. The architect is unknown.

Very high

Location: Nos. 4–5 Dawson Street

AH38Within

ACA, CA

Modern Building

Nos. 4–5 Dawson Street is a modern five-bay, four-storey brick façade building with bay windows along first floor level and a protruding shop front at ground floor level The building has a basement which only extends as far as the last step leading up to the building.

Low


AH39 RPS 2296

georgian house

No. 6 Dawson Street is a Georgian, two-bay, three-storey brick house over a shop with a remodelled Victorian façade and interior dating to c. 1905 by Mitchell and Sons. The opes to the upper floors have decorative stone linings and quoins. The building has a basement which only extends as far as the last step leading up to the building.

Very high


AH40 RPS 2297

georgian Building

No. 7 Dawson Street is a three-bay, three-storey, brick-faced house over a commercial premises at ground floor level. It dates to c. 1770 but was remodelled in the 19th century and again c. 1980 as a book shop. The opes to the upper floors have stone surrounds. The building has a cellar which extends c. 1.7m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH41 RPS 2298

georgian Building

No. 8 Dawson Street is a four-bay house, with a rendered painted façade and cast iron grilles. It dates to c. 1770 and has original joinery and plaster interiors. There are decorative linings to the opes including a pediment to the doorway. The building has a cellar but the outermost wall does not extend under the footpath. The architect is unknown.

Very high





RATINg


AH42Within

ACA, CA

New Ireland Assurance buildings

Nos. 9–12 Dawson Street is an elegant, modern building in two pieces characterised by a concrete frame and interesting bronze fenestration. The building appears to have a basement but access was not granted due to security precautions. Dating from c. 1990s, the architect is unknown.

Medium


AH43Within

ACA, CA

Modern Office Building

Nos. 13–17 Dawson Street is a five-storey, seven-bay red brick office building with commercial use at ground floor level. It is located on the corner with Molesworth Street. The building has a cellar but it does not extend beyond the building line. Dating to the 1990s, the architect is unknown.

Low


AH44Within

ACA, CA

Modern Office Building

No. 18 Dawson Street is a four-storey brick office building located on the corner with Molesworth Street. The building has a basement which extends beyond the building line as far as the last step which leads up to the building. Dating to the 1990s, the architect is unknown.

Low

Location: No. 18a Dawson Street

AH45 RPS 2299

Former Vicarage

No. 18a Dawson Street is of 19th century date. It has a various dressed stone front to the façade with a balcony at raised first floor level in Venetian style. It also has a raised entrance over a sunken area lighting basement guarded by decorative cast iron and a hipped roof to the front with decorative stone dormer at a high level. The building has a basement but it does not extend beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH46 RPS 2300

Royal Irish Academy

No. 19 Dawson Street is a reworked 18th century mansion with interesting plasterwork and concealed ironwork carrying galleries within a top-lit meeting room designed by Robert Mallet. It is a four-bay, four-storey building and has a brick façade to the front with decorative linings to the opes and a sweeping staircase to the front entrance. It was designed by F.V. Clarendon (OPW) and dates to c. 1852.

Very high





RATINg


AH47Within

ACA, CA

joshua house

This building has a combination of red and yellow sandstone cladding in a modern style with sheer glass windows and three-storey bay window on to Dawson Street. It was designed by Shay Cleary and dates to c. 2000.

Medium


AH48Within

ACA, CA

Possible Victorian Building

Nos. 20–21 Dawson Street includes Dawson Jewellers, Reds and Savills. It has a three-storey brick façade over shop fronts with four bays of crude bay windows and contains possible remnants of a Victorian shop front at ground floor level. The building has a basement with coal cellars that extend c. 4.5m beyond the building line. The cellars are in poor condition but preserve brick-vaulted arches. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH49Within

ACA, CA

harry’s Commercial Premises

No. 22 Dawson Street has a four-storey, rendered façade over a shop front with decorative stucco linings to all of the windows matching those on the adjoining Nos. 23 and 24 Dawson Street (AH50 and AH28). The building has a basement /cellar that extends c. 1m beyond the building line. The building is 19th century in origin.

Medium

Location: Nos. 23–23c Dawson Street

AH50 RPS 2301

Former georgian house

No. 23 Dawson Street is a former Georgian house with a shop at ground floor level (currently McSweeneys). It has a four-storey, rendered façade over a shop front with decorative stucco linings to all of the windows and is 19th century in origin. It has a cellar to Dawson Street which extends c. 1.5m beyond the front building line. The architect is unknown.

No. 23c Dawson Street is a former Georgian house with a shop at ground floor level (currently O’Brien’s). It has a four-storey, rendered façade over a shop front with decorative stucco linings to all of the windows and is 19th century in origin. Notable for its narrow one-bay plaster frontage adjoining No. 14 St. Stephen’s Green (AH29). It has a basement /cellar to Dawson Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The architect is unknown.

Very high





RATINg


AH51 RPS 2303

Former georgian house

No. 25 Dawson Street is a former Georgian house with a shop at ground floor level (currently David Murray Jewellers) and it contains Dawson Lounge. It has a painted brick façade over four storeys with decorative stucco string courses. The building has a cellar that extends c. 1.6m beyond the building line with two lightwells on the footpath above. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH52 RPS 2304

dawson Chambers

No. 26 Dawson Street is a commercial premises known as Dawson Chambers (along with Nos. 27 and 28 Dawson Street – AH53 and AH54). The building dates to 1911 and was designed by George P. Sheridan. It is a long range of shops with an undulating frontage animated by cast iron ornament forming bay windows which are currently painted green. These shops include Celtic Whiskey Shop, Wines on the Green and Sandwich Symphony.

Very high


AH53 RPS 2305

dawson Chambers

No. 27 Dawson Street is a commercial premises known as Dawson Chambers (along with Nos. 26 and 28 Dawson Street – AH52 and AH54). The building dates to 1911 and was designed by George P. Sheridan. It is a long range of shops with an undulating frontage animated by cast iron ornament forming bay windows which are currently painted green. These shops include Celtic Whiskey Shop, Wines on the Green and Sandwich Symphony.

Very high


AH54 RPS 2306

dawson Chambers

No. 28 Dawson Street is a commercial premises known as Dawson Chambers (with Nos. 26 and 27 Dawson Street – AH52 and AH53). The building dates to 1911 and was designed by George P. Sheridan. It is a long range of shops with an undulating frontage animated by cast iron ornament forming bay windows which are currently painted green. The buildings have basements/cellars which extend c. 1m beyond the building line. The cellars are lit by lightwells positioned in the footpath above. These shops include Celtic Whiskey Shop, Wines on the Green and Sandwich Symphony.

Very high


AH55Within

ACA, CA


Nos. 29–30 Dawson Street is a four-bay, three-storey brick façade building over a shop front which is possibly Victorian in origin. The building has a small centrally placed cellar that extends c. 1m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium





RATINg


AH56 RPS 2307

Business Premises

No. 31 Dawson Street is a two-bay, three-storey business premises with a rendered façade over a shop front at ground floor level. Some of the original window joinery is missing. The building has a cellar that extends c. 1.5m beyond the building line. It is probably 18th century in origin. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH57 RPS 2308

Probable georgian Building

No. 32 Dawson Street is a two-bay, three-storey business premises with a rendered façade over a shop front at ground floor level. It has a timber clad curved single-storey extension at the gable. Some of the original window joinery is missing. The building has a cellar with steel supports at roof level that extends c. 1.5m beyond the building line. It is probably 18th century in origin.

Very high


AH58 RPS 2309

georgian house

No. 33 Dawson Street is a business premises (along with No. 34 Dawson Street – AH59). It is an 18th century house remodelled by Bachelor and Hicks in c. 1906 for the Royal Automobile Club (RAC). It has an elegant ground floor bay window in hardwood with a lead roof and a guarded sunken well to light basement. It has a two-bay, three-storey red brick façade over the ground floor. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH59 RPS 2310

georgian house

No. 34 Dawson Street is a business premises (along with No. 33 Dawson Street – AH58). It is an 18th century house remodelled by Bachelor and Hicks in c. 1906 for the RAC. It has an elegant ground floor bay window in hardwood with a lead roof and a guarded sunken well to light basement. It has a two-bay, three-storey red brick façade over the ground floor. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH60 RPS 2311

georgian Building (Remodelled)

No. 35 Dawson Street is a three-bay four-storey hotel premises over a basement. It is 18th century but has been remodelled extensively. It has a brick façade with coursed render at ground floor level and an iron porch way over steps up to a pedimented front entrance. It also has a guarded sunken well to light basement. The basement does not appear to extend under the footpath. The architect is unknown.

Very high





RATINg


AH61 RPS 2312


No. 36 Dawson Street is a licensed premises with perhaps the best 19th century shop front on the street. It dates to c. 1860 and was designed by William G. Murray in the Ruskinian Gothic style. It has a brick façade with a medley of stonework in three arches. It also has a guarded sunken well to light basement. The basement does not appear to extend under the footpath. The fourth floor may have been rebuilt.

Very high


AH62 RPS 2313

georgian house

No. 37 Dawson Street is a three-bay 18th century house with an unusual carved limestone cornice on the brick façade above the second floor with an apparently new floor added above. It is much altered with a highly decorative bay window in hardwood and cast iron added to the front with a balcony. It currently contains Ron Black’s licensed premises. The building has a cellar which extends c. 2.1m beyond the building facade. The architect is unknown.


Very high


AH63 RPS 2314

Former Atlas Insurance Building

No. 38 Dawson Street now comprises a restaurant premises. It was originally built c. 1770. It has a brick façade and a reworked ground floor shop front (currently Milanos). It was rebuilt in 1918 for Atlas Insurance by Kaye-Parry and Ross. The building has a cellar that extends c. 2m beyond the building facade but does not extend beyond a private landing. It has a slightly raised front area with cast iron railings.

Very high


AH64 RPS 2315


No. 39 Dawson Street is a licensed premises. The building was re-imagined internally in the late 1990s. It has a two-bay, three-storey red brick façade with decorative arches to the opes over a Doric limestone shop front which is now fitted with awning covering the external area. There are two coal hole covers in the footpath which may indicate the presence of coal cellars extending beyond the building line. It is probably 18th century in origin. The architect is unknown.

Very high





RATINg


AH65 RPS 2316


No. 40 Dawson Street is a licensed premises. The building was substantially re-imagined internally in the late 1990s. It has a two-bay, three-storey brown brick façade with flat arched opes, over a possibly Victorian shop front which is now fitted with awning covering the external area. The building has a cellar, accessed by a hatch from footpath level, which extends c. 3m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH66 RPS 2317

20th Century Building

No. 41 Dawson Street contains a shop and offices (along with No. 42 Dawson Street – AH67). It has a four-bay red brick façade which has been substantially remodelled and includes alterations made in 1928 by G.P. Beater to the shop front. The building has a cellar that extends c. 2m beyond the building facade.

Very high


AH67 RPS 2318


No. 42 Dawson Street contains shops and offices (with No. 41 Dawson Street – AH66). It has a four-bay red brick façade which has been substantially remodelled and includes alterations made in 1928 by G.P. Beater. It has a large brick bay window with arched window opes. It also has a parapet at first floor level located at the left hand side over the shop front. There is decorative limestone to either side of the signage and stained, curved glass below leading to a fine hardwood door and an arched window ope set back on the main building line at first floor level. To the right hand side is a painted stucco Neo-classical door case with fanlight. The building has a cellar that extends c. 2m beyond the building facade.

Very high


AH68 RPS 2319

georgian Building

No. 43 Dawson Street is a brown brick two-bay façade over three storeys with a lined, rendered base and an Ionic doorcase with fanlight, from the early 18th century. The building has a basement but it does not extend beyond the building porch. The architect is unknown.

Very high





RATINg


AH69 RPS 2320

georgian house

No. 44 Dawson Street is a former house, of early 18th century date. It has a two-bay, three-storey brown brick corner façade with decorative window linings at first floor level and a recent bay window and shop front at ground floor level. It contains a tailors shop and is on the corner with South Anne Street. The building has a cellar with a brick-vaulted ceiling that extends c. 2.5m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH70 RPS 2321

georgian house

No. 45 Dawson Street is a former brown brick house, of early 18th century date. Former Mannion Auctioneers on the corner with South Anne Street. It is a two-bay, three-storey over a recently remodelled retail outlet. Blind windows face to South Anne Street. The building has a cellar that extends c. 1m beyond the building line.

Very high


AH71Within

ACA, CA


No. 46 Dawson Street is a two-bay, three-storey building with a brown brick façade over a commercial premises with a remodelled shop front. It probably dates to the 18th century. The building has a basement but it does not appear to extend beyond private landing.

Medium


AH72 RPS 2322

georgian house

No. 47 Dawson Street is a two-bay, three-storey building over a commercial premises with a recently remodelled shop front. The 18th century red brick house was remodelled by S. Symes in 1858. The building has a cellar that extends c. 1m beyond the building line but it does not appear to extend beyond private landing.

Very high

Location: No. 51a Dawson Street

AH73 RPS 2323

georgian house

No. 51a Dawson Street is a commercial premises which is part of the Royal Hibernian Way. It was an early 18th century house and retains Rococo plasterwork within. It also has matching ground floor bay windows and a central raised front entrance to a residential property (currently contains Insomnia and Baumler). The building has a cellar that appeared to extend beyond the building and and footpath, however, this has been blocked off.

Very high





RATINg

Location: No. 51b Dawson Street

AH74 RPS 2324

georgian house

No. 51b Dawson Street is a commercial premises which is part of the Royal Hibernian Way. It was an early 18th century house and retains Rococo plasterwork within. It also has matching ground floor bay windows and a central raised front entrance to a residential property (currently contains Insomnia and Baumler). The building has a cellar that appeared to extend beyond the building and footpath, however, this has been blocked off.

Very high

Location: No. 51c Dawson Street

AH75 RPS 2325

georgian house

No. 51c Dawson Street is a commercial premise which is part of the Royal Hibernian Way. It was an early 18th century house and retains Rococo plasterwork within. It is located on the corner with Duke Street and currently contains the Apollo Art Gallery. It has a rendered façade of three storeys over a shop front with quoins to the corner and an enlarged ope at first floor level. It has a large Victorian style glazed shop front at ground floor level. The building has a basement but it does not extend beyond the facade of the building.

Very high


AH76Within

ACA, CA

Modern Building

No. 52 Dawson Street is a modern four-storey building in brick with rendered curved corner and a recent shop front at ground floor level. It is located on the corner with Duke Street. The architect is unknown.

Low


AH77 RPS 2326

georgian house (Remodelled)

No. 53 Dawson Street is a remodelled 18th century house with a rendered façade and decorative linings to the windows at first floor level. It also has granite steps to the front. It currently contains a shop and offices. The building has a basement but it does not extend beyond the last step. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH78 RPS 2327


No. 55 Dawson Street is a painted brick, single-bay, three-storey building over a two-bay ground floor pair of houses probably 18th century in origin though substantially reworked. Decorative linings have been added to the windows and additional granite steps to the front. The architect is unknown.

Very high





RATINg


AH79Within

ACA, CA

Victorian Building

No. 56 Dawson Street is a former house/business premises which is currently a bookshop premises. It was built c. 1900 by Thomas Manley Deane. It has a red-brick gabled front and a tall quoined arch holding a large curved glass bay window. The building has a cellar that extends c. 2.1m beyond the building line.

High


AH80 RPS 2328

Victorian Building

No. 57 Dawson Street is a former house/business premises which is currently a bookshop (along with No. 58 Dawson Street – AH81). It was built c. 1902 by A.E. Murray and has a six-bay red brick front with varied fenestration and terracotta detailing. There is a stepped gable detail over the parapet with a curved pediment over an oculus and a shop front at ground floor level with curved glass, cast iron and hardwood. The building has a cellar that extends c. 2.1m beyond the building line.

Very high


AH81 RPS 2329

Victorian Building

No. 58 Dawson Street is a former house/business premises which is currently a bookshop (along with No. 57 Dawson Street – AH80). It was built c. 1902 by A.E. Murray and has a six-bay red brick front with varied fenestration and terracotta detailing. There is a stepped gable detail over parapet with curved pediment over an oculus and a shop front at ground floor with curved glass, cast iron and hardwood. The building has a cellar that extends c. 2.1m beyond the building line.

Very high

Location: No. 44 Nassau Street

AH82Within

ACA, CA

Possible georgian Building

No. 44 Nassau Street is a mid-terrace, single-bay, four-storey building with rendered façade and possible remnants of a Georgian house. It currently contains the College House Jewellers. The architect is unknown. The building has a centrally place cellar that extends beyond the building line.

Medium

Location: Nos. 45–46 Nassau Street

AH83 RPS 5911


Nos. 45–46 Nassau Street contains a licensed premises and has a painted stucco façade with an arched Venetian colonnade to the first floor and awning covering the pub front. It is probably 18th century in origin. The architect is unknown. The building has a cellar that extends beyond the building line.

Very high





RATINg

Location: No. 47 Nassau Street

AH84Within

ACA, CA


No. 47 Nassau Street is a two-bay, four-storey building with a painted rendered façade and a commercial premises at ground floor level. It contains the possible remnants of a Georgian façade. The architect is unknown. The building has a cellar that extends beyond the building line.

Medium

Location: Nos. 48–50 Nassau Street and No. 2 Grafton Street

AH85

RPS 5912

RPS 5913

RPS 3265


Nos. 48–50 Nassau Street/No. 2 Grafton Street is a four-storey building of brick and terracotta with a curved and canted front and a total of thirteen bays to both sides. It rises to a brick parapet. The detail varies on each floor with recent shop fronts underneath. It probably dates to the 18th century. The building has a cellar that extends c. 3m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high

Location: Nos. 102–104 Grafton Street

AH86RPS 3283

RPS 3284


Nos. 102–104 Grafton Street is a five-storey brick and stone building on the pedestrian section of Grafton Street (west side) with a shop at ground floor level. It probably dates to the 18th century. The architect is unknown.

Very high

Location: Nos. 105–106 Grafton Street

AH87Within

ACA, CA


Nos. 105–106 Grafton Street is a bank with a three-storey brick façade and a canted corner over a limestone ground floor shop front and penthouse. It probably originally dates to the 18th century though it has been substantially altered. The architect is unknown.

Medium

Location: No. 107 Grafton Street

AH88Within

ACA, CA

Late georgian Building

No. 107 Grafton Street is a late Georgian brick four-storey corner building over a shop front to Suffolk Street. It was built by Christopher Myers and was remodelled in the 1980s. It has three bays facing Grafton Street with decorative signage at first floor level. The building has a cellar that extends c. 1.3m beyond the building facade.

Medium


AH89 RPS 3285

Barnardo’s Furriers

No. 108 Grafton Street has been Barnardo’s furriers since 1812. The façade is in brick with stone detailing to the linings of the windows and string courses at first floor level and parapet. The building has a basement and coal cellars that extend beyond the building line. The coal cellars are now blocked off. The architect is unknown.

Very high





RATINg


AH90Within

ACA, CA

Modern Building

No. 109 Grafton Street is a modern four-storey stone clad façade over a shop front and is just a single bay wide. The building has a basement that extends 1m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH91 RPS 3286


No. 110 Grafton Street has a shop at ground floor and has a three-storey red-brick façade with stone surrounds to the window opes and curved dormers at roof level. It is probably 18th century in origin with later alterations. The building has a cellar that extends c. 2m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH92Within

ACA, CA

Modern Building

No. 111 Grafton Street is a modern brick infill with a three-bay, four-storey façade over a shop front and a large bay window at first floor level. The architect is unknown.

Low


AH93 RPS 3287


No. 112 Grafton Street (along with No. 113 Grafton Street – AH94) is a two-bay, four-storey building with a decorative limestone façade. Ionic pilasters, aedicules, balustrades, pediment, a Diocletian window and a curved bay window all animate the façade above the two ground floor shop fronts. It is probably 18th century in origin with later alterations. The building has a cellar that extends c. 2m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH94 RPS 3288


No. 113 Grafton Street (along with No. 112 Grafton Street – AH93) is a two-bay, four-storey building with a decorative limestone façade. Ionic pilasters, aedicules, balustrades, pediment, a Diocletian window and a curved bay window all animate the façade above the two ground floor shop fronts. It is probably 18th century in origin with later alterations. The building has a cellar that extends c. 4.9m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high





RATINg


AH95 RPS 3289

Former Royal Bank

No. 114 Grafton Street is a former bank (Royal Bank) designed by W.H. Lynn dating to c. 1904. It is a three-bay, yellow sandstone palazzo with polished red granite detailing including columns on the upper floor. The interiors are also of architectural interest, though altered. The building has a cellar that extends c. 3.2m beyond the building line.

Very high


AH96 RPS 3290

Victorian Building

No. 115 Grafton Street is currently a shop (Spar) and was the former Royal Bank’s manager’s house. It dates to the early 20th century and is possibly designed by W.H. Lynn. The façade is executed in light red sandstone. There is a large area of recent curtain glazing at ground floor level. The building has a cellar that extends c. 1.8m beyond the building line.

Very high


AH97 RPS 3291

Victorian Building

No. 116 Grafton Street currently contains the Lush shop. It was built in 1906 for Lucius O’Callaghan Books by Edward Ponsonby and has an interesting narrow sandstone façade with Ionic and Doric order employed and a Diocletian window at fifth floor level. It has a cellar to Grafton Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment.

Very high


AH98 RPS 3292

Former Commercial union Insurance Company Building

No. 117 Grafton Street is a shop (along with No. 118 Grafton Street – AH99). It is part of the former Commercial Union Insurance Company buildings. It dates to 1885 and was designed by Thomas Newenham Deane and Son. It has a three-storey, three-bay red brick façade above the Peterson’s of Dublin shop front. The building has a small cellar that extends c. 0.5m beyond the building line.

Very high


AH99 RPS 3293


No. 118 Grafton Street is a shop (along with No. 117 Grafton Street – AH98) and it recently contained Thomas Cook. It is part of the former Commercial Union Insurance Company buildings. It dates to 1885 and was designed by Thomas Newenham Deane and Son. It has a three-storey, two-bay red brick façade with three arched bays at first floor above the Thomas Cook shop front.

Very high





RATINg

Location: No. 119 Grafton Street and No. 37 College Green

AH100

RPS 3294

RPS 2010


No. 119 Grafton Street contains shops and offices and is part of the former Commercial Union Insurance Company buildings. It dates to 1885 and was designed by Thomas Newenham Deane and Son. It has a fine yellow sandstone façade in two gables with a turret and stone mullions to the windows. It currently contains J.J. Foxes cigar shop at ground floor level. It has a cellar to Grafton Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The building has a cellar that extends beyond the building line.

Very high

Location: No. 36 College Green

AH101 RPS 2009


No. 36 College Green is a narrow, three-bay, four-storey building with a brick and terracotta façade and a bookshop front at ground floor level in marble with steps and a cast-iron guarded lightwell to the basement. It probably dates to the 19th century. The architect is unknown.

Very high

Location: No. 35 College Green

AH102 RPS 2008


No. 35 College Green is a simple, three-bay, four-storey building with a brick façade and a modern shop (currently Halifax) and granite steps at ground floor level. It probably dates to the 18th century. The architect is unknown.

Very high

Location: Grafton Street/Nassau Street, TCD

AH103 RPS 2018

Provost’s house and Stable

The Provost’s House and Stables (including the boundary walls, gate piers and gates) dating to 1759. It has a limestone Mannerist façade with Venetian windows and rusticated wings. It is a direct transcription of a Lord Burlington design from Mayfair, London. The interiors are also of note. The architect is in doubt and it is attributed variously to Jones Smith, Henry Keene and John Sanderson. The Provost House Stables were recently renovated by award winning architects O’Donnell and Tuomey to house the Trinity Irish Art Research Centre.

Very high

Location: College Green, TCD

AH104 RPS 2012

Statues of Oliver goldsmith and Edmund Burke

The Statues of Oliver Goldsmith (1864) and Edmund Burke (1868) stand either side of the front entrance to TCD (AH105). The figures of both are made of electrotype copper and stand on granite plinths. John Henry Foley was the sculptor for both pieces.

Very high





RATINg

Location: Nassau Street, Grafton Street, College Green, College Street, Pearse Street, TCD

AH105 RPS 2013

Enclosing Architecture of TCd

All enclosing architecture of TCD campus. This comprises painted, cast-iron, entrance gates and railings c. 2.5m in height set into a decorative continuous granite ashlar base with intermittent squared sections which are holding iron piers to the railings which are all facing onto College Green; similarly detailed painted, cast-iron railings with high granite walls (to an overall height of c. 5m) on Nassau Street, Grafton Street, College Street and the western end of Pearse Street.

Very high

Location: College Green, TCD

AH106 RPS 2011

West Front of TCd

West front of TCD, including Regent’s House which was built in 1752 and designed by Theodore Jacobsen (with Keene and Sanderson). It has a Palladian façade behind a semi-circular front setting.

Very high

Location: College Green

AH107 RPS 1997

henry grattan Statue

Henry Grattan statue and associated lamp standards located on College Green. This is a bronze statue on top of a stone plinth with twin cast iron lamp standards that have signature seahorse figures.

Very high

Location: College Green

AH108 RPS 1996

Bank of Ireland (Old Parliament house)

This building was designed by Edward Lovett Pearce and works began in 1729. It has a later portico designed by Gandon and Richard Parkes dating to c. 1785. It originally contained Grattan’s Parliament until it was remodelled by Francis Johnston to become the Bank of Ireland. The building has a magnificent Palladian edifice in Portland limestone with a portico and forecourt to the south and further later porticos. The Portland stone façade curves around College Green from the giant pedimented arch which terminates at the east end of Pearce’s (now guarded) iconic forecourt. The curved section is a series of blank bays between the large Ionic columns comprising coursed areas of stone at low level and arched blind windows (some with aedicules), which give relief, at high level all set behind a continuous cast-iron guardrail. The walls carry a Classical entablature above them with limestone balusters at parapet level. The curved façade continues to Gandon’s five-bay, pedimented eastern portico in the Corinthian order which engages fully with the street itself.

Very high





RATINg

Location: College Street

AH109 RPS 2020

Thomas Moore Monument

This monument is a bronze statue dating to 1857 designed by Christopher Moore. It is on a large granite base and now surrounded by the more recently added traffic island and trees. The statue originally sat on its own near the toilets (AH110) and the traffic island and the trees do not form part of its original setting.

Very high

Location: College Street

AH110Within

ACA, CA

Victorian Toilets

Victorian toilets/urinal located underground adjacent to the Thomas Moore monument. There is little fabric remaining here and the original “urinal” visible on the 1st Edition Ordnance Survey is now surrounded by poor quality brickwork, concrete and guarding. It is not of interest in architectural terms and its interest is solely an historic one due to the reference in James Joyce’s Ulysses which is commemorated here with a plaque.

Low

Location: Nos. 1–2 College Street (also Nos. 40–41 Westmoreland Street)

AH111 RPS 2021

The Scottish Widow’s Insurance Building

Nos. 1–2 College Street is The Scottish Widows Insurance building dating to 1875 and designed by Thomas Newenham Deane. It is a four-storey distinctive red sandstone building with details in Portland and limestone in a venetian palazzo composition. It currently contains Allied Irish Bank (AIB). It forms part of Nos. 40–41 Westmoreland Street (AH149). The building has a cellar with a concrete frame. The cellar extends beyond the main building. The basement is used as a car park that is accessible from Fleet Street.

Very high

Location: Nos. 3–4 College Street

AH112Within

ACA, CA

Modern Building

Nos. 3–4 College Street is a modern infill section to the Westin Hotel (between the Scottish Widows Insurance building (AH111) and the Provincial Bank (AH113) and was designed by Henry J. Lyons in the 1990s. The façade is three bays of limestone in stripped Classical style over four storeys. The building has a cellar with a concrete frame that extends beyond the main building line. The basement is used as a car park that is accessible from Fleet Street.

Medium





RATINg

Location: No. 5 College Street

AH113 RPS 2022

Former Provincial Bank

No. 5 College Street is the former Provincial Bank building dating to 1868 and designed by William G. Murray. It has an elegant three-storey, seven-bay Palladian façade with sculptures and interior plasterwork by Thomas Saunders. It is now the Westin Hotel. The building has a cellar with a concrete frame that extends beyond the main building line. The basement is used as a car park that is accessible from Fleet Street.

Very high

Location: Between Nos. 5 and 6 College Street

AH114Within

ACA, CA

Modern Building

This is a modern infill section to the Westin Hotel (AH113) between No. 6 College Street AH115 and the former Provincial Bank (AH113) and was designed by Henry J. Lyons in the 1990s. The façade is three bays of limestone in stripped Classical style over four storeys.

Medium


AH115 RPS 2023


No. 6 College Street contains a ground floor shop and house. The Irish Yeast Company is at ground floor with Victorian shop front below three-storey, two-bay brick façade with a Georgian interior. It is probably 18th century in origin. The cellar is built of brick and solid masonry and extends beyond the main building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH116 RPS 2024


No. 7 College Street has a shop at ground floor with Victorian shop front below three-storey, two-bay brick façade and a Georgian interior. It is probably 18th century in origin. The cellar is built of brick and solid masonry and extends beyond the main building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH117 RPS 2025


No. 8 College Street has a licensed premises at ground floor with Victorian shop front below three-storey, two-bay brick façade and a Georgian interior. It is probably 18th century in origin. The cellar is built of brick and solid masonry extends beyond the main building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high





RATINg


AH118Within

ACA, CA


No. 9 College Street contains Doyle’s licensed premises. It has a three-storey brick façade with quoins and ground floor shop front. It is possibly 18th century in origin. The cellar is built of brick and masonry with some steel beams and extends beyond the main building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium

Location: No. 28 Fleet Street

AH119 RPS 2949


No. 28 Fleet Street contains the Fleet Bar and the building is a mirror image of the adjoining building at No. 9 College Street (AH118). The façade has a shop front at ground floor level with painted rendered façade on the upper floors. The origin is probably 18th century. The architect is unknown.

Very high

Location: No. 18 D’Olier Street

AH120 RPS 2352


No. 18 D’Olier Street is a mid-terrace, four-storey, two-bay building over a shop with a painted brick façade, stone quoin and an altered ope at first floor level. The origin is probably 18th century. The architect is unknown.

Very high

Location: Nos. 19–20 D’Olier Street

AH121 RPS 2353


Nos. 19–20 D’Olier Street is a narrow two-bay, four-storey building with a brick façade, quoins and a large oriel window at first floor level. The origin is probably 18th century. The architect is unknown.

Very high

Location: Pearse Street

AH122 RPS 6623

garda Station

Garda Station dating to 1915 designed by OPW (A. Robinson, M.J. Burke and H.G. Leask). It is a long range of three-storey granite in the Scots Baronial style.

Very high

Location: Nos. 1–2 Westmoreland Street

AH123Within

ACA, CA


No. 1 Westmoreland Street was built c. 1935 by Miller and Symes, the upper floors are in brick with limestone linings to windows with a stripped Classical limestone shop front below.

Medium





RATINg

Location: No. 3 Westmoreland Street

AH124Within

ACA, CA


No. 3 Westmoreland Street was built c. 1935 by Miller and Symes, the upper floors are in brick with limestone linings to windows with a stripped Classical limestone shop front below.

Medium


AH125 RPS 8734

19th Century Italian gothic Style Building

No. 4 Westmoreland Street is a shop and offices (along with No. 5 Westmoreland Street – AH126) with an Italian Gothic brick frontage by William G. Murray of c. 1869 with alterations in 1940. Its interior has been gutted.

Very high


AH126 RPS 8735

19th Century Italian gothic Style Building

No. 5 Westmoreland Street is a shop and offices (along with No. 4 Westmoreland Street – AH125) with an Italian Gothic brick frontage by William G. Murray of c. 1869 with alterations in 1940. Its interior has been gutted.

Very high


AH127 RPS 8736


No. 6 Westmoreland Street is a shop and offices with a red-brick gabled façade dating from 1889 by James Farrall. Boyle Sports shop is currently located at ground floor.

Very high


AH128 RPS 8737

Former Northern Assurance Building

No. 7 Westmoreland Street is a shop and offices by G.C. Ashling and is the former Northern Assurance building of 1886. It has a rusticated arcade with mansard roof over the recently altered shop front.

Very high


AH129 RPS 8738

Victorian Building

No. 8 Westmoreland Street is a commercial premises with a four-storey, rendered façade with dressed stone linings at first floor and Victorian style shop fronts at ground floor level. It is probably 19th century in origin. The cellar is built of brickwork and masonry and extends c. 5m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high





RATINg


AH130 RPS 8739

Victorian Building

No. 9 Westmoreland Street is a commercial premises. It has four storeys of rendered façade with dressed stone linings at first floor and Victorian style shop fronts at ground floor level. The cellar is built of brickwork and masonry and extends c. 5m beyond the building line.

Very high


AH131 RPS 8740

Victorian Building

No. 10 Westmoreland Street is a commercial premises with a four-storey, rendered façade with dressed stone linings at first floor and Victorian style shop fronts at ground floor level. It is probably 19th century in origin. Formerly it contained Bewley’s cafe. The cellar is built of brickwork and masonry and extends c. 4m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH132 RPS 8741

Ruskinian Style Building

No. 11 Westmoreland Street is a commercial premises (along with No. 12 Westmoreland Street – AH133) of 1867 by W.G. Murray, in the Ruskinian style. It has a four-storey, painted rendered façade over shop front. Formerly it contained Bewley’s cafe. The cellar is built of brickwork and masonry and extends beyond the building line.

Very high


AH133 RPS 8742

Ruskinian Style Building

No. 12 Westmoreland Street is a commercial premises (along with No. 11 Westmoreland Street – AH132) of 1867 by W.G. Murray, in the Ruskinian style. It has a four-storey, painted rendered façade over shop front. Formerly it contained a Bewley’s cafe. The cellar is built of brickwork and masonry and extends c. 4m beyond the building line.

Very high


AH134 RPS 8743

Victorian Building

No. 13 Westmoreland Street is a commercial premises, originally built in 1862 by J.C. Byrne. It has a two-bay, four-storey brick façade with plaster linings to the opes over the ground floor shop front. The cellar is built of brickwork and masonry and extends c. 1m beyond the building line.

Very high





RATINg


AH135 RPS 8744

Former Scottish Equitable Building

No. 14 Westmoreland Street is now a shop and office and was formerly the Scottish Equitable building by W.G. Murray of 1866. The façade is three storeys high in stone above a ground floor shop. It has a gabled attic storey and a variety of arched detailing to windows differing on all floors. Rusticated quoins frame the façade. The cellar is built of brickwork and masonry and extends c. 5m beyond the building line.

Very high


AH136 RPS 8745


No. 15 Westmoreland Street is a commercial premises with a two-bay, four-storey brick façade over shops with decorative linings to window opes probably added later. It probably dates to the 19th century. The structural form of the cellar comprises masonry supporting the building façade and freestanding coal bunkers. The cellar extends c. 5.m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH137 RPS 8746


No. 16 Westmoreland Street is a commercial premises with a two-bay, four-storey brick façade over shops with decorative linings to window opes probably added later. It probably dates to the 19th century. The cellar is built of brickwork and masonry and extends c. 5m beyond the building line though the coal cellars are blocked up. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH138Within ACA

Ah138 19th Century Building

No. 17 Westmoreland Street is a commercial premises with a two-bay, four-storey brick façade over shops with decorative linings to window opes probably added later. It probably dates to the 19th century. The cellar is built of brickwork and masonry and extends c. 0.5m beyond the building line. There is no access to the coal cellar as the wall is blocked up. The architect is unknown.

Medium

Location: Nos. 18–21 Westmoreland Street.

AH139Within

ACA, CA

Ballast house

Ballast House building located on the corner with Aston Quay. It is eight bays of four storeys in brick with different decorative window linings on each floor topped by a stone balustrade over modern shop fronts. It probably dates to the 19th century. The cellar is built of masonry and concrete and extends c. 1m beyond the east elevation and c. 1.5m beyond the north elevation. The architect is unknown.

Medium





RATINg

Location: No. 22 Westmoreland Street.

AH140 RPS 8747

Former Liverpool & Lancashire Insurance Co. Building

No. 22 Westmoreland Street is located on the corner with D’Olier Street. Christine Casey describes it as “... a Portland stone Baronial exercise with Gothic and Ruskinian leanings, built for the Liverpool & Lancashire Insurance Co. in 1898 by J.J. O’Callaghan. Ground-floor arcade, angle-turret and tall dormer roof with large, panelled chimneys”. It has a cellar to Westmoreland Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The cellar is built of masonry and extends c. 4m beyond the building line.

Very high


AH141Within

ACA, CA

Modern Building

Nos. 23–25 Westmoreland Street is a shop and offices. Five-storey over ground floor commercial six-bay red brick office building of modern construction with stone lined windows and mansard roof. It is recent in origin. The cellar is built of masonry and extends c. 4m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Low


AH142 RPS 8748


No. 26 Westmoreland Street contains a ground floor commercial premises and has a two-bay, four-storey quoined, rendered façade above with painted stone dressing to the windows. It is probably 19th century in origin. It has a cellar to Westmoreland Street which extends c. 4m beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The structural form of the basement comprises solid masonry brick and stonework with brick vaulted ceilings in the cellars to the front section of basement beneath the footpath. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH143 RPS 8749


No. 27 Westmoreland Street contains a ground floor commercial premises and has a two-bay, four-storey quoined, rendered façade above with painted stone dressing to the windows. It is probably 19th century in origin. It has a cellar to Westmoreland Street which extends c. 1.2m beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The structural form of the cellar comprises solid masonry and brickwork with beams inserted at ceiling level in mid section of the basement. The architect is unknown.

Very high






RATINg


AH144 RPS 8750


No. 28 Westmoreland Street contains a ground floor commercial premises and has a two-bay, four-storey, rendered façade above. It is probably 19th century in origin. It has a decorative coat of arms at first floor level and stone dressing to the windows. It has a cellar to Westmoreland Street which extends c. 4m beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The structural form of the cellar comprises brickwork and masonry. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH145 RPS 8751


No. 29 Westmoreland Street contains a ground floor commercial premises and has a two-bay, four-storey, brick façade above. It has stone dressing to the windows and is probably 19th century in origin. It has a cellar to Westmoreland Street which extends c. 3m beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The cellar is built of masonry. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH146 RPS 8752

Former LaFayette Photographer’s Building

EBS Building Society incorporating the façade of the (earlier) former La Fayette Photographer’s building including the 1912 frontage. The central section of the existing frontage with distinctive oriel window is part of this and is by German and Fuller. The office blocks of c. 1980 in glass and granite cladding are by Stephenson Gibney and Associates. It has a cellar to Westmoreland Street which extends c. 3m beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The structural form of the cellar is mass concrete and blockwork.

Very high


AH147 RPS 8753

Former Pearl Insurance Building

Nos. 35–36 Westmoreland Street is the former Pearl Insurance building of 1936 by A.F. Hendy and is located on the corner with Fleet Street. It has Neo-classical façades with giant Ionic order spanning first and second floors, mansard roof and a canted corner with clock face and copper topped cupola facing the street.

Very high


AH148Within

ACA, CA

Modern Building

Nos. 37–39 Westmoreland Street is a modern infill section to the Westin Hotel (similar to those on College Street beside the former Provincial Bank (AH114) by Henry J. Lyons) and dates to the 1990s. The façade is five bays of limestone in stripped Classical style over five storeys with dormer accommodation.

Medium




RATINg

Location: Nos. 40–41 Westmoreland Street (also Nos. 1–2 College Street)

AH149 RPS 8754

Former Scottish Widows Insurance Building

Nos. 40–41 Westmoreland Street is the Scottish Widows Insurance building of 1875 by Thomas Newenham Deane. It is four storeys of distinctive red sandstone with details in Portland and limestone in a venetian palazzo composition. It is currently a branch of AIB. It forms part of Nos. 40–41 Westmoreland Street (AH111). The cellar has a concrete frame built after the original building. The cellar extends beyond the building line.

Very high

Location: D’Olier Street/Hawkins Street

AH150 RPS 3711

d’Olier Chambers

This building was constructed c. 1891 by J.K. Fuller and originally a branch of tobacco manufacturers. It has a four-storey brick façade with substantial terracotta detailing including decorative gabled canted front with arched opes at ground and first floor level, cast iron balcony at second floor level and balustrade balcony at fourth floor level. It has a cellar built of brick and masonry to Hawkins Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment.

Very high

Location: Hawkins Street

AH151 N/A

Screen Cinema

This building was designed by Henry J. Lyons Architects. It comprises a modern, concrete faced cinema with awning to front and raised cobble area with signature iron usher statue.

Note: In relation to the statue of the usher outside the cinema please refer to AC38 in the Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23). The building has a basement built of reinforced concrete and it does not extend beyond the building line.

Low

Location: Nos. 1–2 Hawkins Street

AH152Within ACA

Licensed Premises

Nos. 1–2 Hawkins Street, a licensed premises, is a five-bay, two and a half storey brick façade with gable to one side over pub front. It is probably 19th century in origin. The basement of the building is built of brick and solid masonry and extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH153 RPS 2353

georgian Building

Nos. 3–4 Hawkins Street is a pair of two-bay, three-storey rendered, originally Georgian, houses with a shop front at ground floor level of No. 4. The building forms part of the rear of Nos. 19–20 D’Olier Street. It has a cellar built partially of brick, stone and masonry which extends beyond the front building line.

Very high






RATINg


AH154 RPS 2354

dublin gaslight Building

Rear of Bord Gáis building (No. 26 D’Olier Street). The building dates to c. 1928 and was designed by RKD Architects. It has a brick façade with solid ground floor plinth of limestone punctured by two large arches and a shop front to the north end at ground floor. It has four Gothic style windows at first floor level with stone linings, transoms and mullions topped off with a second floor clad in panels of painted wood with two gables in the Tudor style. The structural form of the basement is reinforced concrete and it does not extend beyond the building line.

Very high

Location: No. 14 Hawkins Street

AH155 Within CA


No. 14 Hawkins Street is a five-storey, four-bay brick building. There are possible remnants of the original Georgian building still present. The structural form of the cellar comprises solid masonry, concrete and steel beams and the cellar extends beyond the building line.

Low

Location: No. 8 Burgh Quay

AH156 RPS 1020


No. 8 Burgh Quay has a two-bay, four-storey brick façade with arched opes at ground floor level shop front and some original window joinery retained. It is probably 19th century in origin. The structural form of the cellar comprises brick and solid masonry and the cellar extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH157 RPS 1021


No. 19 Burgh Quay has a two-bay, four-storey brick façade with a ground floor level shop front (currently The Beanery) and some original window joinery retained. It is probably 19th century in origin. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH158 RPS 1022


No. 10 Burgh Quay has a two-bay, four-storey brick façade with a ground floor level shop front (currently Birmingham Cameras) and some original window joinery retained. It is probably 19th century in origin. The architect is unknown.

Very high




RATINg

Location: Hawkins Street/Burgh Quay

AH159 RPS 1015

Sheahan Memorial

Sheahan Memorial dating to 1906 and dedicated to Constable Patrick Sheahan who died trying to save a man. Pedestal in polished limestone and granite with Celtic Cross. The architect/designer was W.P. O’Neill and it was sculpted by W. Harrison and Sons.


Very high

Location: Burgh Quay

AH160 Within ACA, CA

quay Walls

Cut coursed granite quay walls with weathered capping (three courses high, c. 1.5m high) bounding the River Liffey. Burgh Quay was constructed during the works of the WSC in the early 19th century and is later than many of the other quays along the River Liffey.

Very high

Location: Aston Quay

AH161RMP

DU018-020427, within ACA, CA

quay Walls

Cut coursed granite quay walls with weathered capping (c. 1.5m high) bounding the River Liffey. Aston Quay is one of the oldest quays and was originally known as Hawkins Quay when it was constructed in the mid-17th century.


Very high

Location: O’Connell Bridge

AH162 RPS 895

O’Connell Bridge

Originally 1791 by James Gandon (Carlisle Bridge) rebuilt by Bindon Blood Stoney in 1876 to match O’Connell Street. Animated with ornamental Portland stone, spandrels, balustrades and parapets with Riverine heads and cast iron lamp standards of different types.

Note: Refer also to Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).

Very high

Location: Burgh Quay

AH163 Within CAPost Box

Green painted, iron post box with black painted plinth. Modern version of original and more ornate Penfold type.

Medium






RATINg

Location: Aston Quay

AH164 Within ACA, CAPost Box


Medium

Location: Eden Quay

AH165RMP


quay Walls

Cut coursed granite quay walls with weathered capping (c. 1.5m high) bounding the River Liffey. Similar to Burgh Quay, Eden Quay was constructed during the works of the WSC in the early 19th century and is later than many of the other quays along the River Liffey. It has recently had a cantilevered timber walkway fixed to it.


Very high

Location: Bachelors Walk

AH166RMP


quay Walls

Cut coursed granite quay walls with weathered capping (c. 1.5m high) bounding the River Liffey. It was constructed in the early 18th century. It has recently had a cantilevered timber walkway fixed to it.


Very high

Location: No. 1 O’Connell Street Lower

AH167 RPS 6106

Neo-classical Building

No. 1 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises and currently contains Irish Nationwide. It was reconstructed in 1917, by architects O’Callaghan and Webb. It has a four-storey Neo-classical granite pilastered façade over a shop using Ionic and Doric orders with a canted corner. The cellar extends c. 1–2m beyond the building line.

Very high

Location: Nos. 2–4 O’Connell Street Lower

AH168 RPS 6107

Former hibernian Bank Building

Nos. 2–4 O’Connell Street Lower is a bank (the former Hibernian Bank) by James Hannah of 1923. The façade is executed with Portland and granite in the Palladian style. Red brick and limestone are also used to the front of No. 2 O’Connell Street Lower. The structural form of the cellar comprises brickwork and masonry and the cellar extends c. 3m beyond the building line.

Very high




RATINg


AH169 RPS 6108

Early 20th Century Building

No. 5 O’Connell Street Lower is a mid-terrace infill in brick and stone containing a shop and offices. It dates to c. 1917. The structural form of the cellar is masonry and the cellar extends c. 3m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH170 RPS 6109

Former dublin Bread Company Picture house

Nos. 6–7 O’Connell Street Lower is a bank and was the former Dublin Bread Company Picture House by G.F. Beckett. It dates to c. 1917. The façade of five bays in granite and Portland stone, in the Classical style, is similar to some of its neighbours on O’Connell Street and is dominated by the large central arch. The structural form of the cellar comprises concrete frame supporting basement. The cellar extends c. 3m beyond the building line.

Very high


AH171 RPS 6110

Former Broadway Cafe

No. 8 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises (formerly the Broadway Cafe), which was much altered in 1952, and was originally constructed in 1917 by Frederick Higgenbottom. The façade is executed in stone and brick over five storeys with an inset curved bay window over the first and second floors. The small doughnut kiosk within it is also of interest. The cellar extends c. 3m west beyond the building line.

Very high


AH172 Within ACA, CA

quinn Insurance Building

No. 9 O’Connell Street Lower is the Quinn Insurance building. It has a mid-terrace, two-bay, brick and stone façade over five storeys with bay window and shop front at ground and first floor levels. The building is probably early 20th century in origin. The structural form of the cellar comprises brickwork and masonry. The cellar extends c. 1m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium






RATINg

Location: Nos. 10–11 O’Connell Street Lower/38–39 Abbey Street Lower

AH173 RPS 6111


Nos. 10–11 O’Connell Street Lower/Nos. 38–39 Abbey Street Lower is a commercial premises and is the Former Munster and Leinster Bank. It was built in 1932 by architects McDonald and Dixon and has a Classical façade in Portland and granite with columns (between the first and fifth floors) forming the bays facing onto O’Connell Street over five storeys (and an attic storey) with a curved entrance corner rising to a tower. The structural form of the cellar comprises a supporting façade/concrete frame with a brick arch to the front. The cellar extends c. 3m beyond the building line.

Very high


AH174 RPS 6112

Former Munster & Leinster Bank

Nos. 12–13 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises in the former Hibernian Bank dating to c. 1917 and designed by W.H. Byrne and Son. It has a Classical façade in granite with a canted corner to Abbey Street and three bays over five storeys facing O’Connell Street. A copper mansard storey with tower animates the building at high level and reciprocates Nos. 10–11 O’Connell Street Lower (AH173). The cellar is built of brickwork and masonry. The cellar extends c. 2.5m beyond the building line.

Very high


AH175 RPS 6113

Former Munster & Leinster Bank

Nos. 14–15 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises dating to c. 1917. It has an atypical façade using less brick and granite and more glass than its neighbours. The structural form of the cellar comprises solid masonry brick and stonework with steel beams at ceiling level in front section. Brick vaulted ceilings also evident in front section of cellar beneath footpath. The cellar extends c. 3.5m from the front elevation. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH176 RPS 6114

Former unity Building

No. 16 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises (along with No. 17 O’Connell Street Lower – AH177). It is the former Unity Building which was built in 1917 by George L. O’Connor. It is a Neo-Georgian façade over five storeys in red brick and granite and was re-clad in 1988. The cellar is built of solid masonry stone and brickwork with concrete columns to front section and beams at ceiling level. The cellar extends c. 3m from the front elevation.

Very high




RATINg


AH177 RPS 6115

Former unity Building

No. 17 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises (along with No. 16 O’Connell Street Lower – AH176). It is the former Unity Building which was built in 1917 by George L. O’Connor. It is a Neo-Georgian façade over five storeys in red brick and granite and was re-clad in 1988. The cellar is built of stone and brickwork. The cellar extends beyond the building line but there is no access to side section from within building and access to cellar is only through the adjacent building.

Very high


AH178 RPS 6116

Clerys department Store

Nos. 18–27 O’Connell Street Lower is a department store (Clerys) over four storeys dating to c. 1922. It has a Portland stone façade on a reinforced concrete frame. Its architect was Robert Frank Atkinson of Ashln and Coleman Architects. The first and second floors read as a single element with cast iron spandrel and mullions in-filling the Ionic colonnade. There is a balustrade attic storey above cornice. The structural form of the cellar is a concrete frame supporting upper walls that extends c. 1.4m west and c. 1m south of the building line.

Very high


AH179 RPS 6117

Former Bank

No. 28 O’Connell Street Lower is a bank building dating to c. 1917 and designed by McDonnell and Dixon. It is a three-bay Classical façade in granite and Portland stone. It contains some interiors of interest with faïence used. The structural form of the cellar comprises a concrete frame supporting the façade. The cellar extends c. 3m beyond the building line.

Very high


AH180 RPS 6118


No. 29 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises (along with Nos. 30–34 O’Connell Street Lower – AH181–AH184). It was built c. 1920 by architects Donnelly, Moore, Keefe and Robinson. It has a Neo-classical, two-bay façade in Portland and granite. The cellar is built with traditional masonry with steel beams supporting upper floors. The cellar extends c. 1m beyond the building line.

Very high





RATINg


AH181 RPS 6119


Nos. 30–31 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises (along with Nos. 29 and 32–34 O’Connell Street Lower – AH180 and AH182–AH184). It was built c. 1920 by architects Donnelly, Moore, Keefe and Robinson. It has a Neo-classical façade in Portland and granite over four storeys. The structural form of the cellar is masonry. The cellar extends c. 1.4m beyond the building line.

Very high


AH182 RPS 6120


No. 32 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises (along with Nos. 29–31 and 33–34 O’Connell Street Lower – AH180–181 and AH183–AH184). It was built c. 1920 by architects Donnelly, Moore, Keefe and Robinson. It has a Neo-classical façade in Portland and granite over four storeys. The cellar is of masonry build and extends c. 1m beyond the building line.

Very high


AH183 RPS 6121


No. 33 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises (along with Nos. 29–32 and 34 O’Connell Street Lower – AH180–AH182 and AH184). It was built c. 1920 by architects Donnelly, Moore, Keefe and Robinson. It has a Neo-classical façade in Portland and granite over four storeys. The cellar is of masonry build and extends beyond the building line.

Very high


AH184 RPS 6122


No. 34 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises (along with Nos. 29–33 O’Connell Street Lower – AH180–AH183). It was built c. 1920 by architects Donnelly, Moore, Keefe and Robinson. It has a Neo-classical façade in Portland and granite over four storeys.

Very high


AH185Within

ACA, CA

Modern Building

Nos. 35–39 O’Connell Street Lower is located on the corner with Princes Street. It has three storeys over a commercial ground floor with five bays in concrete panels and stone cladding. The building is late 20th century in origin. The structural form of the basement is a concrete frame supporting the structures above. The basement does not extend beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Low





RATINg


AH186 RPS 6123

Easons

Nos. 40–42 O’Connell Street Lower is Easons book shop built in 1919 and designed by J.A. Ruthven. It has a Neo-classical façade over five storeys and three bays with areas of polished granite on ground floor. Ionic pilasters span the first and second floors where the distinctive clock detail is mounted. The cellar is built of solid masonry and extends c. 7m east and c. 2m south of the building line.

Very high


H187 RPS 6124

Classical Style Building

Nos. 43–44 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises located on the corner with Abbey Street Lower. It was built c. 1917 by architects Bachelor and Hicks. It has two, three-bay, street frontages over four storeys over shop front in a Classical style using Stradbally limestone. Its distinctive features include the use of Ionic columns spanning first and second floors and the decorative rams head consoles to third floor under heavy string course. The structural form of the cellar supports the building façade. The cellar extends c. 6m beyond the building line.

Very high

Location: No. 78 Abbey Street Middle

AH188 RPS 17

The Oval Bar

It is a bar built in 1917 by McDonnell and Dixon Architects. It has a bowed limestone ground floor with four Ionic columns and infill window and door joinery. The upper floors are in brick with a bay window at first floor level.

Very high


AH189 RPS 6125

Neo-classical Style Building

Nos. 45–46 O’Connell Street Lower is a commercial premises built c. 1917. It has a four-storey over shop front Neo-classical façade in brick and granite with unusual two-storey bay window arrangement at first and second floors. Canted façade to corner with bronze cupola detail to top. The structural form of the cellar comprises masonry and steel and extends c. 3m beyond the front building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH190Within

ACA, CA

Modern Building

Nos. 47–48 O’Connell Street Lower is a modernist infill building dating to c. 2001 which currently contains Schuh. The cellar is built of masonry and concrete and extends c. 4m beyond the building line.

Low





RATINg


AH191Within

ACA, CA

Confectioner’s hall

Confectioners Hall, formerly Lemon’s sweet shop and factory. Now Foot Locker. Two-bay brick façade on upper floors with interesting tiled finish at first floor level. It was built c. 1917. The structural form of the cellar comprises masonry rebuilt ceilings and walls. The cellar extends c. 3m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH192Within

ACA, CA


No. 50 O’Connell Street Lower has a two-bay, five-storey façade in brick with granite front and decorative linings to windows at upper floors. It was built c. 1917. The structural form of the cellar comprises masonry and concrete beams supporting the building facade. The cellar extends c. 1m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH193Within

ACA, CA


No. 51 O’Connell Street Lower has a single bay, five-storey façade with granite front at ground floor, protruding bay window at first, second and third and interesting arched detail with balustrade to top of brick façade. It was built c. 1917. The structural form of the cellar comprises masonry and concrete beams supporting the building facade. The cellar extends c. 1m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH194Within

ACA, CA


No. 52 O’Connell Street Lower has a two-bay, four-storey brick façade over commercial premises with stone details. It was built c. 1917. The cellar is built of solid masonry and brickwork. The cellar extends c. 1m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH195Within

ACA, CA


Nos. 53–54 O’Connell Street Lower was built c. 1917 and has extensive recent alterations. It has a four-bay façade at second and third floor and large arch opes at first floor level with stone detailing to shop front at ground floor level. The architect is unknown. Currently contains Burger King restaurant. The cellar shows evidence of structural alterations to basement. The cellar extends c. 0.3m east of the building line.

Medium





RATINg


AH196Within

ACA, CA


No. 55 O’Connell Street Lower has a 19th century brick façade which survived the 1916 Easter Rising. It has two bays over five storeys above shop front with a curved gable at top with circular plaque wind compass. The cellar is built of masonry and extends c. 4m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH197 RPS 6126

Former Capp & Peterson’s Building

No. 56 O’Connell Street Lower was formerly the premises of Capp and Peterson. It is a brick, four-storey corner building with Bachelors Walk over a shop. It has a single bay facing O’Connell Street. It was built c. 1917. The cellar is built of solid masonry and extends c. 3m south under Bachelors Walk and c. 1.4m east under O’Connell Street. The architect is unknown.

Very high

Location: O’Connell Street Lower

AH198 RPS 6101

The gPO

Built in 1814 by Francis Johnston, the building is dominated by the giant five-bay Ionic portico which oversails much of the public pathway. The elegantly fluted Portland stone columns carry a giant and highly decorative entablature with the altered tympanum (the royal arms were removed in restoration works in the 1920s), three statues by John Smyth – Fidelity, Hibernia and Mercury and a balustrade above. Set back behind the portico to either side, there are five bays over three floors in rusticated and coursed ashlar granite with a cornice and balustrade at parapet level. The interiors including the large postal hall and mezzanine topped with decorative ceilings are also of note. The GPO is of particular historic significance being the site of the Proclamation of the Irish Republic. The cellar is built of stone, masonry and brickwork and extends c. 4m beyond the building line.

Very high

Location: No. 1 O’Connell Street Upper

AH199 RPS 6129

kylemore Cafe

Kylemore premises (with No. 2 O’Connell Street Upper – AH200) and offices to upper floors dating from c. 1917. It has a stripped Classical façade in brick and Portland stone over five storeys with a mansard by architects O’Callaghan and Webb. Canted at the corner with decorative features in Portland stone. The structural form of the cellar comprises masonry and brickwork. The cellar extends c. 5m beyond the building line.

Very high





RATINg


AH200 RPS 6130

kylemore Cafe

Kylemore premises (with No. 1 O’Connell Street Upper – AH199) and offices to upper floors dating from c. 1917. It has a stripped Classical façade in brick and Portland stone over five storeys with a mansard by architects O’Callaghan and Webb. Canted at corner with decorative features in Portland stone. The cellar is built of brickwork and masonry and extends c. 5m beyond the building line.

Very high


AH201Within

ACA, CA

Mid 20th Century Building

The architect for No. 3 was F. Bergin and it was constructed using salvaged steel from the bombed shell of the GPO after 1916. It has a two-bay brick façade over five storeys with distinctive neon signage to the front, built c. 1952. The cellar is built of masonry and brickwork and extends c. 4m beyond the building line.

Medium


AH202Within

ACA, CA


No. 4 O’Connell Street Upper has a two-bay, five-storey façade in brick and stone with quoins to either side and was built c. 1917. The cellar is built of masonry and brickwork and extends c. 4m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium

Location: Nos. 5–8 O’Connell Street Upper

AH203Within

ACA, CA


Nos. 5–8 O’Connell Street Upper has a stripped Classical façade over five storeys in brick and granite with heavy string course between fourth and fifth floors. The architect was P.J. Munden and it dates to the early 20th century. It is located on the corner with Cathedral Street. The structural form of the cellar comprises masonry and brickwork. The cellar extends c. 4m beyond the building line.

Medium


AH204Within

ACA, CA

Former drogheda house

Nos. 9–11 O’Connell Street Upper was formerly Drogheda House, rebuilt in the 1920s. The building is four storeys over commercial with stripped Classical style in limestone with canted corner and balustrade to the west section. It is located on the corner with Cathedral Street. The cellar is built of masonry and extends c. 4m beyond the building line.

Medium





RATINg


AH205Within

ACA, CA

Former hammon hotel

Nos. 12–13 O’Connell Street Upper are the Hamman Buildings (formerly the Hamman Hotel) by architects Chillingworth and Levie with H.G. Leask dating to the early 20th century. It has a nine-bay façade in Portland stone with Ionic order over five storeys and attic. The attic storey is particularly unusual with dormers to either side of a Portland entablature. A mezzanine is expressed through the façade on ground floor. The cellar extends c. 2.4m beyond the building line.

Medium


AH206Within

ACA, CA

1920’s Building

Nos. 14–15 O’Connell Street Upper probably dates to the 1920s. It has a stripped Classical façade in limestone over five floors with a copper mansard roof. It currently contains La Pizza and Tourist Information. The structural form of the cellar comprises solid masonry with a concrete frame. The cellar extends c. 2.5m beyond the front elevation. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH207 RPS 6131

Savoy Cinema

Savoy Cinema built c. 1929 by F.C. Mitchell. It retains its original façade with Temple of the Winds pilaster order above ground floor level which along with the interiors has recently been remodelled. The structural form of the cellar is a concrete frame. The cellar extends c. 2.4m beyond the building line.

Very high


AH208Within

ACA, CA

1920’s Building

Nos. 18–19 O’Connell Street Upper has a 1920s stripped Classical façade in stone over five storeys with copper mansard roof. It mirrors the buildings at Nos. Nos. 14–16 O’Connell Street Upper (AH206–AH207). It contains Madigans and an extension to the Savoy Cinema (AH207). The structural form of the cellar is a concrete frame. The cellar extends c. 2.4m beyond the building line.

Medium


AH209 RPS 6132

gresham hotel

This is located on the corner with Cathal Brugha Street. The Gresham originally occupied Nos. 21 and 22 O’Connell Street Upper when built in 1817 but was destroyed by fire in 1922. It was rebuilt in 1925 by Robert Atkinson and has a Classical façade over eleven bays and six storeys of Portland stone with recently and substantially altered interiors. The cellar has s a brick vaulted arch that extends c. 7m beyond the building line

Very high





RATINg


AH210Within

ACA, CA


Nos. 32–34 O’Connell Street Upper are a pair of four-storey buildings with two-bay brick façades, stone detailing around the windows at first floor level and a shop front below. They are probably 20th century in origin. The cellar is built of masonry and brickwork and extends c. 6m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium

Location: Nos. 35 O’Connell Street Upper

AH211Within

ACA, CA


No. 35 O’Connell Street Lower has a five-storey brick façade over two bays with a penthouse floor and a ground floor shop. It is probably 20th century in origin. The structural form of the cellar is to support the facade. The cellar extends c. 9.5m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH212Within

ACA, CA


No. 36 O’Connell Street Lower is located on the corner with Parnell Street and it has a four-storey stripped Classical façade with a ground floor shop and a heavy string course at second floor level as well as a canted corner. It is probably 20th century in origin. The structural form of the cellar comprises a solid masonry construction. The cellar extends c. 2m from the O’Connell Street elevation and c. 1m from the Parnell Street elevation. The architect is unknown.

Medium

Location: No. 37 (with No. 38) O’Connell Street Upper (West Side)

AH213 RPS 6133


No. 37 O’Connell Street Upper is a commercial premises with a three-storey, eight-bay Italianate façade in granite and Portland stone with balustrade and pedimented windows at first floor level. It was built c. 1936 by Bachelor and Hicks with an extension by V. McGrane. The interiors are of interest. The cellar is built of solid masonry brick and stonework, with partially brick arched and vaulted coal cellars beneath footpath. The cellars extend c. 7m east and c. 1m north of the building line.

Very high





RATINg

Location: No. 38 (with No. 37) O’Connell Street Upper

AH214 RPS 6134


No. 38 O’Connell Street Upper is a commercial premises with a three-storey, eight-bay Italianate façade in granite and Portland stone with balustrade and pedimented windows at first floor level. It was built c. 1936 by architects Bachelor and Hicks with an extension by V. McGrane. The interiors are of interest. It has a cellar to O’Connell Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The structural form of the cellar comprises solid masonry brick and stonework with partially brick arched and vaulted coal cellars beneath footpath. The cellars extend c. 7m east and c. 1m north of the building line.

Very high


AH215 RPS 6135


No. 42 O’Connell Street Upper is a commercial premises from the remnants of an 18th century house visible on Rocque’s map of 1756. It has a typical three-bay brick front with a limestone doorcase. It also has some interesting interiors with plasterwork. The structural form of the cellar comprises mass concrete with columns and with brick work to selected areas. The cellar extends c. 2.2m to wall of ESB substation. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH216 RPS 6136


No. 43 O’Connell Street Upper is currently a shoe shop. The original building was constructed c. 1925 by Bachelor and Hicks Architects. It has a stripped Neo-classical façade in Portland stone. The cellar built of solid masonry and brickwork. The cellar extends c. 6m beyond the front elevation.

Very high


AH217 RPS 6137

garda Premises

No. 44 O’Connell Street Upper is a Garda premises. It was built c. 1925. It has a Neo-classical Portland stone four-storey, two-bay façade similar to its neighbour at No. 43. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH218Within

ACA, CA


No. 45 O’Connell Street Upper has a four-storey, three-bay façade in granite and Portland stone and dates to c. 1930s. The architect is unknown.

Medium





RATINg


AH219

RPS 6138

RPS 6139

RPS 6140

Former Carlton Cinema

This is the former Carlton Cinema which was built c. 1937 by architects Robinson, Keefe and Devane. The upper storeys of the original Carlton Cinema façade survive. They are in the Art Deco style and executed in Portland stone and render with a seven-bay colonnade at the upper floors. The basement is built of brickwork and mass concrete. The basement does not extend beyond the building line.

Very high


AH220 RPS 6141

Art deco Building

No. 57 O’Connell Street Upper is a commercial premises and the former chemist of A & R Thwaites. It was designed by H.V. Miller c. 1922. It has a granite and brick Art Deco façade. The structural form of the cellar comprises brickwork, concrete walls, concrete columns, ceiling blocks and pre-cast concrete ceilings. The cellar extends c. 6m along the east and front elevation of the building line.

Very high


AH221 RPS 6142

Neo-georgian Building

No. 58 O’Connell Street Upper is a commercial premises and was built c. 1924 by W.H. Byrne. It has a Neo-Georgian façade in brick and granite. The property does have a cellar.

Very high


AH222Within

ACA, CA

Former CIE Offices

Former CIÉ offices which were built c. 1959 by Brendan Ellis. Reputedly the earliest example of pre-stressed concrete frame construction in Ireland, it has a four-storey façade with infill panelling and a granite shop front at ground floor level. The structural form of the cellar is free standing and supporting the façade and consists of a combination of masonry and steel frame. The cellar extends approximately c. 3m along the front elevation.

Medium


AH223 RPS 6143

Former Colonial Insurance Company Building

No. 60 O’Connell Street Upper is a commercial premises with a four-storey, three-bay façade in limestone and brick with arches. It is the former Colonial Insurance Company built c. 1863. Its Ruskinian façade by W.G. Murray has a stone base and brick floors above it. The structural form of the cellar comprises stone and brick masonry. The cellar extends c. 2m beyond the front elevation. Part of the front cellar is blocked off.

Very high





RATINg


AH224 RPS 6144

georgian Building (Remodelled)No. 61 O’Connell Street Upper has a substantially remodelled 18th century four-storey brick façade with stone linings and pediments to upper floor windows. The structural form of the cellar comprises both drylined masonry and new concrete beams. The cellar extends approximately c. 6m east of the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH225 RPS 6145

Former Pillar TheatreNo. 62 O’Connell Street Upper is a mid-terrace building and has a five-storey brick and stone façade. It is the former Pillar Theatre built c. 1913 by Aubrey Vincent O’Rourke. Its pedimented brick façade has limestone dressings in the Neo-classical style. The structural form of the cellar comprises solid masonry and brick with concrete columns and beams. The cellar extends c. 2m beyond the front elevation.

Very high


AH226 RPS 6146

Former Royal BankNos. 63–64 O’Connell Street Upper has a four-storey, four-bay rendered façade with quoins and decorative window linings. It was originally the Royal Bank built c. 1869 by Charles Geoghan who renovated two earlier 18th century houses on the site. It has a Neo-classical façade executed in render. The cellar is built of masonry and stone. The cellar extends c. 2.3m beyond the building line.

Very high


AH227 RPS 6147

Former Standard Life Assurance Company BuildingNo. 65 O’Connell Street Upper is a bank (along with No. 66 O’Connell Street Upper – AH228). This is the former Standard Life Assurance Company building built in c. 1861 and remodelled as a bank in 1952 by David Bryce. It has a five-bay portico in the Corinthian order, unusually (for O’Connell Street) in gold sandstone on upper levels. The cellar is built of brickwork and masonry. The cellar extends c. 5.6m beyond the building line.

Very high


AH228 RPS 6148

Former Standard Life Assurance Company BuildingNo. 66 O’Connell Street Upper is a bank (along with No. 65 O’Connell Street Upper – AH227). This is the former Standard Life Assurance Company building built in c. 1861 and remodelled as a bank in 1952 by David Bryce. It has a five-bay portico in the Corinthian order, unusually (for O’Connell Street) in gold sandstone on upper levels. The cellar is built of brickwork and masonry. The cellar extends c. 5.6m beyond the building line.

Very high





RATINg


AH229 RPS 6149


No. 67 O’Connell Street Upper has a four-storey, two-bay rendered façade with a shop at ground floor level. It is probably 19th century in date. The cellar is built of masonry and extends c. 6m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH230 RPS 6150


No. 68 O’Connell Street Upper has a four-storey, two-bay rendered façade with decorative window surrounds and a shop at ground floor level. It may have been built with No. 69 O’Connell Street Upper (AH231). It is probably 19th century in date. The structural form of the cellar comprises masonry basement supporting the front façade while the coal bunker is free standing. The cellar extends c. 2.3m beyond the building line. Two coal cellars, located at the front of the basement, are now blocked off. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH231Within

ACA, CA


No. 69 O’Connell Street Upper has a four-storey, three-bay rendered façade with decorative window surrounds and a shop at ground floor level. It may have been built with No. 68 O’Connell Street Upper (AH230). It is probably 19th century in date. The structural form of the cellar is masonry supporting the façade. The cellar extends c. 2m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium

Location: O’Connell Street Upper

AH232 RPS 6128

Father Theobald Mathew Monument

Centenary statue to Father Theobald Mathew, the Capuchin friar who promoted the idea of teetotalism in Ireland and America in the 1840s. The monument is in limestone with a life-size figure of Father Mathew on top of a base which bears the following inscription:

“Father Mathew the Apostle of Temperance Centenary Statue 1890”.

It was carved by Mary Redmond between 1890 and 1893 when it was unveiled. The foundation stone was laid in 1890 to commemorate the centenary of Father Mathew’s birth.

Very high





RATINg

Location: O’Connell Street Upper

AH233

National Monument

RPS 6127

Charles Stewart Parnell Monument, Plaque and four Victorian cast iron bollards

Bronze monument and 9m high granite column commemorating Charles Stewart Parnell along with four Victorian cast-iron bollards on the adjacent traffic island to the south of the Parnell Monument. The Parnell monument was started in 1899 and completed by 1911 and was a collaboration between the Irish-American sculptor, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Henry Bacon and George P. Sheridan. The stone shaft is in Shantall granite from Galway with an inlaid trefoil of Barna granite. Unusually, the statue is placed at the base of the associated shaft, with a bronze torch fixed to the top of the shaft. Below the statue are a number of bukrania carvings and the names of the provinces and counties of Ireland are inset into the pedestal in bronze plaques. A quote by Parnell from one of his speeches and chosen by John Redmond is set into the southern face of the shaft and reads as follows:

“To Charles Stewart Parnell No Man has a right to fix the Boundary to the march of a nation No man has a right To say to his country Thus far shalt thou Go and no further We have never Attempted to fix The ne-plus-ultra To the progress of Ireland’s nationhood And we never shall Go roimhigid Dia Éire da Clainn”.

To the immediate south of the statue and pillar are four mid-Victorian cast-iron bollards with foliate ornament (Casey, 2005). These bollards appear to form one of the few remaining parts of a suite of street furniture fitted to the street in the 1870s. They were lifted and restored as part of the 2000’s work to O’Connell Street and now (in apparently slightly different position) surround a bronze plaque set into the pavement which is entitled the “Parnell Monument”. It is a centenary bronze plaque to the sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens and was designed by Lawrence J. Nowlan. The bollards are very similar to those which surrounded the William Smith-O’Brien monument in its original D’Olier Street site.


Very high






RATINg

Location: Central median O’Connell Street

AH234Within

ACA, CA

Spire monument (Monument of Light)

A 120m high steel spire designed by Ian Ritchie Architects. It is located on the site of the former Nelson’s Pillar and was completed in 2003.

Medium


AH235 RPS 6102

Cast-iron Bollards at gPO kerbline

Two upright cast-iron bollards and six dome-head, “sunken”, cast-iron bollards located at the GPO kerb line. These date from the first part of the 19th century and are visible on a photo of the GPO from 1858 where they functioned as the bases to two sets of lamp standards which have since been removed.

Very high


AH236

National Monument

RPS 6103

daniel O’Connell Monument

The O’Connell Monument is in bronze. It was started in 1866 by John Henry Foley and completed in 1882 by his pupil, Thomas Brock. The monument is made of four elements; the limestone base, the cylindrical frieze above it, the four winged figures around it and the figure of O’Connell himself on top.


Very high


AH237 RPS 6104

Sir john gray Monument

The Sir John Gray Monument is a statue of the nationalist MP executed in a Sicilian white marble on a granite base, carved by Thomas Farrell and completed in 1879, just four years after Gray’s death.

Very high


AH238

National Monument

RPS 6105

William Smith O’Brien Monument

The William Smith O’Brien Monument is the second of Thomas Farrell’s statues on the street. It was finished in 1870 in a Sicilian white marble with a granite base. It was originally located on D’Olier Street, however, due to the traffic congestion caused by processions and demonstrations to the monument, it was moved, in 1929, to its current location on O’Connell Street Lower.

Very high




RATINg


AH239Within

ACA, CA

james Larkin Statue

A bronze statue on a granite plinth by the eminent Dublin sculptor Oisín Kelly, completed in 1979.

Directly below Larkin’s statue is the main inscription attributed originally to the French Revolutionary Camille Desmoulins. It reads:

“The great appear great because we are on our knees. Let us rise! Ní uasal aon uasal ach sinne bheith íseal. Éirímis! Le grands ne sont grands que parce que nous sommes a genoux. Levons-nous!”

To either side of Larkin are extracts from the poem “Jim Larkin” by Patrick Kavanagh and from the play “Drums under the Windows” by Sean O’Casey and read as follows:

“And Tyranny trampled them in Dublin’s gutter Until Jim Larkin came along and cried The call of Freedom and the call of Pride And Slavery crept to its hands and knees And Nineteen Thirteen cheered from out the utter Degradation of their miseries”.

“…He talked to the workers, spoke as only Jim Larkin could speak, not for an assignation with peace, dark obedience, or placid resignation, but trumpet-tongued of resistance to wrong, discontent with leering poverty, and defiance of any power strutting out to stand in the way of their march onward”.

Medium

Location: Westmoreland Street

AH240Within

ACA, CA

Post Box


Medium

Location: O’Connell Street

AH241Within

ACA, CA

Post Box


Medium

Location: No. 12 Eden Quay

AH242 RPS 2519

Seaman’s Institute

This building is located on the corner with Marlborough Street. It is a brick and granite Classical building dating to c. 1925. It has a cellar to Marlborough Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment.

Very high





RATINg

Location: Nos. 15–17 Eden Quay

AH243 RPS 2520

Eden house

This building is located on the corner with Marlborough Street and is the former Mercantile Steam Packet Company dating to 1829. It was rebuilt in 1916 by W.H. Byrne. The structural form of the cellar comprises masonry and concrete. The cellar extends beyond the building line.

Very high

Location: Marlborough Street

AH244 RPS 5112

St. Thomas’s Church

St. Thomas’s Church dates to c. 1931 and was designed by Frederick Hicks. It is constructed with red brick in a Lombardic Romanesque style with terracotta roof tiles and was the RIAI Gold Medal winner of 1934. The structural form of the basement comprises reinforced concrete and masonry. The basement does not extend beyond the building line.

Very high

Location: No. 22 Marlborough Street

AH245 N/A


No. 22 Marlborough Street is located on the corner with Marlborough Place. It has a three-storey brick façade and is possibly 19th century in origin.

Low


AH246 RPS 5113


No. 23 Marlborough Street is a house and shop with possible 18th century remnants. It has a four-storey, two-bay Georgian façade in brick with a modern shop front at ground floor level. The architect is unknown. It has a cellar to Marlborough Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The structural form of the cellar comprises brick and masonry. The cellar extends beyond the building line.

Very high

Location: 24 Marlborough Street

AH247 N/A

Modern Building

No. 24 Marlborough Street has a three-storey, three-bay modern brick façade with a shop front at ground floor level. The structural form of the basement comprises brick and masonry and does not extend beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Low





RATINg

Location: No. 25 Marlborough Street/No. 1 Talbot Street (Northeast corner)

AH248 N/A


Four-storey brick building with alterations at first floor and ground floor shop front. It has a four-bay brick façade with shallow arch opes on the upper storeys. It is probably 19th century in origin. The structural form of the basement comprises brick and masonry and does not extend beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Low

Location: Nos. 26–27 Marlborough Street

AH249 N/A


Nos. 26–27 Marlborough Street has a four-storey, six-bay brick façade with shop fronts at ground floor level and replacement joinery. It is possibly Georgian in origin. The structural form of the cellar comprises solid masonry and brick. The cellar extends beyond the building line.

Medium


AH250 RPS 5114

department of Education

No. 28 Marlborough Street is part of the Department of Education buildings. It was formerly a house and has four storeys with a three-bay brick front façade, original joinery and an arched door with Ionic cases. The front steps and basement area guarding are executed in granite and cast iron. There have been alterations to the rear although the building retains its 18th century fabric. The structural form of the cellar comprises masonry with plaster finish. The cellar extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH251 RPS 8155

department of Education

Department of Education Buildings, including the former Tyrone House (south of site). This complex includes four buildings on the site shown on the RPS map including Tyrone House and its mirror image to the northwest of the site (both of which face on to Marlborough Street). It is a large site stretching from Talbot Street to the south and Gardiner Street to the east with cast iron railings dividing Marlborough Street from the landscaped forecourt on which the Commissioners of National Education formed this set piece of buildings which had originally contained just a single house – Tyrone House. Tyrone House was built c. 1740 by Richard Cassels and remodelled c. 1835 by Jacob Owen with further later alterations by Jacob Owen and Frederick Darley. The main façade to the north does not face Marlborough Street. It is a three-storey stone front across five bays (six at attic floor) over basement lightwell.

Very high





RATINg

AH251 Cont’d

RPS 8155

There are decorative surrounds to all windows and a centrally placed porch with a first floor Wyatt window. The garden façade (west) faces on to Marlborough Street set back behind the front area and railings. Similar to the front façade, it is over seven bays with an asymmetrically positioned portico and tripartite window. North of this is the east–west concourse through the campus (formerly the stable grounds serving Tyrone House) which were part of the Victorian alterations of 1835. The view here is terminated by the clock tower building by Jacob Owen dating to 1838 with a distinctive copper cupola. Further north of this is the 1835 replica of Tyrone House added by Jacob Owen to lend symmetry to the campus layout. Stone gate lodges by Jacob Owen at the north and south ends opening on to Marlborough Street as well as the cast-iron railings by Richard Turner are also Protected Structures. These are located to the front of the Department of Education and consist of a long expanse of tall, cast iron railings on a granite base in front of a line of trees.

Very high


AH252 N/A

Marlborough Court

Marlborough Court. Red brick modern apartment buildings (including No. 30 Marlborough Street) located to the north of the Department of Education (AH251). They are three to five storeys high with brick façades, stone bases and detailing mimicking nearby Georgian houses. The property does not contain a cellar.

Low

Location: Marlborough Street/Cathal Brugha Street

AH253 N/A

q Park headquarters

This is a modern car park with limestone façade c. 2000s. The structural form of the basement comprises reinforced concrete and masonry. The basement does not extend beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Low

Location: Marlborough Street/Cathal Brugha Street

AH254 N/A

Modern Building

Recent red brick faced corner building with apartments over Centra located at ground floor level. The building dates to the 1990s. The architect is unknown. The build does not have a basement.

Low


AH255 N/A

Eircom Building

This is an eleven-bay, eight-storey concrete framed building with recently added portico. It turns the corner at Cathal Brugha Street and is set back from the main building line along Marlborough Street. The structural form of the basement is reinforced concrete. The basement does not extend beyond the building line.

Low





RATINg


AH256 N/A


No. 56 Marlborough Street has a two-storey rendered façade with a shop at ground floor level. It is probably 19th century in date. The architect is unknown. The basement is built of masonry and does not extend beyond the building line.

Low


AH257 N/A


No. 57 Marlborough Street is a two-storey, three-bay rendered commercial premises located on the corner with Parnell Street. It is of possible 19th century date. The structural form of the cellar comprises brickwork and solid masonry. The cellar extends beyond the building line.

Low

Location: No. 97 Parnell Street

AH258 RPS 6557


No. 97 Parnell Street has a two-bay, three-storey brick façade with a ground floor post office and is possibly 19th century in origin. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH259Within ACA

An Bord Pleanála

An Bord Pleanála premises built in the 1990s and located on the northwest corner with Cathal Brugha Street. It is a seven-storey high building with multiple bays in brick, glass block and with a glass façade with a granite base. The building steps down towards Parnell Street. The structural form of the basement is comprised of reinforced concrete. The basement does not extend beyond the building line.

Low


AH260

RPS 5110

RPS 5117

Art deco Building

Built as the College of Domestic Economy in the Art Deco style c. 1938. It is a four-storey red brick building over a granite base with granite detailing to the windows and doorway and a canted corner at Cathal Brugha Street. The architects are Robinson Keefe. The interiors are also of interest. It is located on the corner with Cathal Brugha Street. It now contains the Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT). The structural form of the cellar is comprised of reinforced concrete. The cellar extends beyond the building line.

Very high





RATINg


AH261

RPS 5110

RPS 5118

Art deco Building

Built as the College of Domestic Economy in the Art Deco style c. 1938. It is a four-storey red brick building over granite base with granite detailing to the windows and doorway and a canted corner at Cathal Brugha Street. The architects are Robinson Keefe. Interiors also of interest. It now contains the DIT. The structural form of the cellar is comprised of reinforced concrete. The cellar extends beyond the building line.

Very high


AH262

RPS 5110

RPS 5119

Art deco Building

Built as the College of Domestic Economy in the Art Deco style c. 1938. It is a four-storey red brick building over a granite base with granite detailing to the windows and doorway and a canted corner at Cathal Brugha Street. The architects are Robinson Keefe. Interiors also of interest. It now contains the DIT. The structural form of the cellar is comprised of reinforced concrete. The cellar extends beyond the building line.

Very high


AH263

RPS 5110

RPS 5120

Art deco Building

Built as the College of Domestic Economy in the Art Deco style c. 1938. It is a four-storey red brick building over granite base with granite detailing to the windows and doorway and canted corner at Cathal Brugha Street. The architects are Robinson Keefe. Interiors also of interest. It now contains the DIT. The structural form of the cellar is comprised of reinforced concrete. The cellar extends beyond the building line.

Very high


AH264

RPS 5110

RPS 5121

Art deco Building

Built as the College of Domestic Economy in the Art Deco style c. 1938 four-storey red brick over granite base with granite detailing to the windows and doorway, canted corner at Cathal Brugha Street. Architects Robinson Keefe. Interiors also of interest. It now contains the DIT. The structural form of the cellar is comprised of reinforced concrete. The cellar extends beyond the building line.

Very high


AH265

RPS 5110

RPS 5122

Art deco Building

Built as the College of Domestic Economy in the Art Deco style c. 1938. It is a four-storey red brick building over granite base with granite detailing to the windows and doorway and canted corner at Cathal Brugha Street. The architects are Robinson Keefe. Interiors also of interest. It now contains the DIT. The structural form of the cellar is comprised of reinforced concrete. The cellar extends beyond the building line.

Very high





RATINg


AH266

RPS 5110

RPS 5123

Art deco Building

Built as the College of Domestic Economy in the Art Deco style c. 1938. It is a four-storey red brick building over a granite base with granite detailing to the windows and doorway and canted corner at Cathal Brugha Street. The architects are Robinson Keefe. Interiors also of interest. It now contains the DIT. The structural form of the cellar is comprised of reinforced concrete. The cellar extends beyond the building line.

Very high


AH267Within ACA

Modern Building

This is a recent DIT extension. It has a modern façade in brick, copper and stone with a variety of opes over a general height of six storeys. There are granite steps to the front with an awning over them.

Low


AH268 RPS 5124


No. 77 Marlborough Street is a house with possible 18th century remnants. It has a three-storey, much altered two-bay brick façade with a shop front at ground floor level. The cellar is built of brickwork and extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH269 RPS 5125


No. 78 Marlborough Street is a house with possible 18th century remnants. It has a three-storey, much altered two-bay brick façade with a shop front at ground floor level and possibly Victorian elements. The architect is unknown. It has a cellar composed of brick and stone to Marlborough Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment.

Very high


AH270 RPS 5126


No. 79 Marlborough Street is a house with possible 18th century remnants. It has a recently refurbished brick façade in two bays over four storeys, which is much altered. The front area and basement are guarded by a granite base with iron railings. The structural form of the cellar is composed of brick and masonry. The cellar extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high





RATINg


AH271 RPS 5127

georgian house

No. 80 Marlborough Street is a Georgian house with a two-bay, four-storey brick façade with alterations to the ground floor and plaster linings added to the windows at upper floors. The front area and basement are guarded by a granite base with iron railings. The cellar is composed of brick and solid masonry. The cellar extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH272 RPS 5128

georgian house

No. 81 Marlborough Street is a Georgian house with a four-storey, two-bay façade, a guarding to the front basement area and an arched entrance typically offset from the right hand bay. It now contains a hostel. The cellar is composed of brick and solid masonry. The cellar extends beyond the building line.

Very high


AH273 RPS 5129

georgian house

No. 82 Marlborough Street is a Georgian house with a two-bay, three-storey façade and a guarding to the basement area. It is probably 19th century in origin. The cellar is composed of brick and solid masonry and extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH274 RPS 5130

The Presbytery (Pro-Cathedral house)

It has a four-bay, three-storey over basement brick façade with iron railings guarding the basement area. It also has a coach house entrance between it and No. 82 Marlborough Street (AH273) and granite steps leading up to the pedimented entrance with a fanlight. It is probably 18th century in origin. The cellar is composed of brick and solid masonry and extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high





RATINg


AH275 RPS 5111

St. Mary’s Pro-Cathedral

St. Mary’s Pro-Cathedral attributed to John Sweetman and the French architect L.H. Le Bas under the gaze of Archbishop John Thomas Troy. Built c. 1814–1825, it has an extremely important place in the history of Irish religion and in particular as a symbol of Catholic Emancipation. Daniel O’Connell, Michael Collins and Eamonn De Valera all lay in state here before their funerals. It is an impressive Neo-classical design in Portland stone with a Doric portico and pediment. Interior of note despite 19th and 20th century alterations. The structural form of the cellar comprises solid masonry with brick and vaulted arches. The cellar extends beyond the building line. The cellar in the centre appears to have been previously infilled.

Very high


AH276Within ACA

Post Box

Freestanding green painted, iron post box with black painted plinth. Modern version of original and more ornate Penfold type. Located between 83 and 84 Marlborough Street.

Medium


AH277 RPS 5131

Possible georgian house

No. 84 Marlborough Street is a house and shop (Carthy Jewellers) with possible 18th century remnants. It has a two-bay brick façade over a shop. It was recently refurbished with a shop front at ground floor and it has a cast iron enclosure to the basement area. It is located on the corner with Cathedral Street. The structural form of the cellar comprises solid masonry and brick. The cellar extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH278 RPS 5132


No. 85 Marlborough Street is a house and shop (Cassanostra) with possible 18th century remnants. It has a three-bay brick façade over four storeys. It was recently refurbished with a shop front at ground floor and it has a cast iron enclosure to the basement area. The architect is unknown. It is located on the corner with Cathedral Street.

Very high





RATINg


AH279 RPS 5133

Former Licensed Premise

No. 88 Marlborough Street is a former licensed premises. It has a four-storey, two-bay façade with elegant plasterwork to the pub front and above on the window linings. It also has quoins to the corner. It has a cellar to Marlborough Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The structural form of the cellar comprises stone and brick with a brick vaulted cellar under footpath. The cellar extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH280 RPS 5134


No. 89 Marlborough Street contains Premier Jewellers at ground floor level. It has a three-bay, four-storey rendered façade with decorative window linings, some pedimented with possible 18th century remnants. The structural form of the cellar comprises solid masonry and brick. The cellar extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high

Location: Marlborough Street/North Earl Street (Northwest corner)

AH281Within ACA


Three-bay cream plaster façade to Marlborough Street, blank in two quoined bays with decorative pedimented plasterwork to the opes on the right hand side over four storeys. It contains a shop (Value4U) at ground level. It is probably 19th century in origin. The architect is unknown.

Low

Location: No. 14 North Earl Street

AH282 RPS 2453


No. 14 North Earl Street is a four-storey, four-bay building located on the corner with Marlborough Street. It has a ground floor shop with rendered quoins and decorative, pedimented linings to the window opes at upper floor levels. It is probably 19th century in origin. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH283Within ACA


Nos. 90–91 Marlborough Street has a four-storey, five-bay façade in brick with rendered linings. It is probably 19th century in origin. The structural form of the cellar comprises masonry and concrete construction. The cellar extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium





RATINg


AH284 RPS 5135


No. 92 Marlborough Street is a house and shop with possible 18th century remnants. It has a red brick four-storey, two-bay façade in front of the house and shop and was recently refurbished. The structural form of the cellar comprises solid masonry and brick. The cellar extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH285 RPS 5136


No. 93 Marlborough Street is a house and shop with possible 18th century remnants. It has a red brick four-storey, two-bay façade in front of the house and shop and was recently refurbished. The structural form of the cellar comprises brick with solid masonry inclusions. The cellar extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH286Within ACA


No. 94 Marlborough Street is a two-bay, four-storey building with a rendered façade and a derelict shop front at ground floor level. No original joinery is visible. It is probably 19th century in origin. The structural form of the cellar comprises traditional brick. The cellar extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH287Within ACA


No. 95 Marlborough Street is a two-bay, four-storey building with a rendered façade and a derelict shop front at ground floor level. No original joinery is visible. It is probably 19th century in origin. The cellar has a traditional construction and appears to extend beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH288Within ACA

Former dublin united Transport Company Building

It has a brick façade with a long gabled section to the left hand side and a taller three-storey section to the right hand side with DUTC plaque at second floor level. It is probably 19th century in origin. The building does not have a cellar. The architect is unknown.

Medium






RATINg


AH289Within ACA


Sean O’Casey’s licensed premises located on the corner with Sackville Place. It comprises of two storeys over a pub front with a parapet roof. It is probably 19th century in origin. The structural form of the cellar comprises brick and masonry. The cellars which have brick-vaulted ceilings extend beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Low


AH290 N/A

Irish Life Centre

This building dates to c. 1975 and was designed by Robinson Keefe Devane. It has a concrete framed arcade with brick cladding in vertical bays above. It links to the façade on Abbey Street.

Low

Location: No. 10A Lower Abbey Street

AH291 N/A


It has a two-bay rendered façade with quoins over four storeys with a rendered shop front (currently Gem News) at ground floor level and a large chimney facing on to Abbey Street. It is probably 18th century in origin. The structural form of the cellar comprises masonry and brick vaulted cellars. The cellar extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium

Location: No. 9 Abbey Street Lower

AH292 RPS 3

Flowing Tide

This building is a pub dating to c. 1824. It has a three-storey rendered façade with limestone and a 20th century pub front at ground floor level. The architect is unknown. It has a cellar to Marlborough Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment.

Very high


AH293 RPS 4

Probable georgian Buildin

No. 10 Abbey Street Lower is a two-bay, four-storey brick faced building with an engraving shop at ground floor level. It probably dates to the 18th century. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH294Within ACA

Abbey Threatre

Abbey Theatre dating to 1966 and designed by Scott Tallon Walker. It has a largely blank brick clad façade with portico (an addition by McCullough Mulvin Architects c. 1991) to Marlborough Street. It contains two theatres. The structural form of the cellar is reinforced concrete. The cellar extends beyond the building line.

Medium




RATINg


AH295 RPS 5048


No. 109 Marlborough Street (along with No. 108 Marlborough Street located on the corner with Abbey Street) is split into two sections. The south section has a four-storey, two-bay façade in painted brick with original window joinery and much later pub front at ground floor level. While the north section has a haphazard façade with four window opes at high level above the pub front. Part of the building may be 18th century in origin. It has a cellar to Marlborough Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The architect is unknown. The structural form of the cellar comprises brick vaulted ceilings and stone construction.

Very high


AH296 RPS 5049


No. 110 Marlborough Street has a three-storey, two-bay brick façade over a commercial premises (currently Del Rio’s Cafe). Part of it probably dates to the 18th century. It has a cellar to Marlborough Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The structural form of the cellar comprises brick and solid masonry. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH297 RPS 5050


No. 111 Marlborough Street has a three-storey, two-bay rendered façade over a licensed premises (currently Riley’s pub). Part of it probably dates to the 18th century. There is some original joinery remaining in the windows. It has a cellar to Marlborough Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The structural form of the cellar comprises brick and solid masonry. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH298 N/A

Samaritan’s Building

Samaritan’s building in brick and granite. It has five bays over four storeys with three bay breakfront and quoins, string courses and window linings in granite. It is located to the side of the Seaman’s Institute (AH242) and has a similar character and material treatment but is later in origin. The structural form of the cellar comprises brick vaulted ceilings with stone and brick. The cellar extends beyond the building line.

High






RATINg

Location: Parnell Street

AH299 RPS 6546

Rotunda hospital – West Wing

West wing of Rotunda Hospital excluding ground floor arcades and brick and yellow terracotta Plunkett Cairns façade along Parnell Square. (along with RPS 6547 and RPS 6548 – AH300 and AH301). This is the first maternity hospital in the British Isles and was built c. 1751 by Richard Cassels with John Ensor. It has a sprawling plan with a long entrance front to the south. It is a typical Palladian configuration with a long central block and colonnaded quadrants at either end, all in the Doric order and set behind cast iron railings. The garden front to the north is effectively a mirror image of the treatment to Parnell Street. It contains a hospital chapel above a central hall with stunning 18th century plasterwork by Bartholomew Cramillion. To the east end are the former assembly rooms which now hold the Ambassador venue and the recently remodelled Gate Theatre (RPS 1339). These were built later in two phases in the 1760s and 1780s. Coade stone cladding is used extensively here with carvings by Edward Smyth. James Gandon is attributed as the architect. The Gate Theatre contains a masonry built basement which does not exclude beyond the building line. The structural form of the Ambassador Theatre’s basement is comprised of brickwork and stone. The basement does not extend beyond the building line.

Very high


AH300 RPS 6547

Rotunda hospital – Main Block

Main block of Rotunda Hospital including all ground floor flanking arcades (along with West Wing RPS 6546 and Ambassador Cinema RPS 6548 – AH299 and AH301). This is the first maternity hospital in the British Isles and was built c. 1751 by Richard Cassels with John Ensor. It has a sprawling plan with a long entrance front to the south. It is a typical Palladian configuration with a long central block and colonnaded quadrants at either end, all in the Doric order and set behind cast iron railings. The garden front to the north is effectively a mirror image of the treatment to Parnell Street. It contains a hospital chapel above a central hall with stunning 18th century plasterwork by Bartholomew Cramillion. To the east end are the former assembly rooms which now hold the Ambassador venue and the recently remodelled Gate Theatre (RPS 1339). These were built later in two phases in the 1760s and 1780s. Coade stone cladding is used extensively here with carvings by Edward Smyth. The structural form of the cellar comprises masonry and stonework. The cellar extends c. 8m beyond the building line. James Gandon is attributed as the architect.

Very high




RATINg


AH301 RPS 6548

Former Ambassador Cinema

Ambassador Cinema to east of main block of Rotunda Hospital facing O’Connell Street (along with RPS 6546 and RPS 6547 – AH299 and AH300). This element of the Rotunda complex comprises the 1786 Rotunda Hospital and the former assembly rooms to the north which now hold the Ambassador venue and the recently remodelled Gate Theatre (RPS 1339) respectively. A blind Coade stone arcade with entrance is offset from the cylindrical theatre form itself, visible above ground floor level behind carvings by Edward Smyth on the parapet. James Gandon is attributed as the architect.

Very high


AH302 N/A


No. 181 Parnell Street has a three-bay, four-storey brick façade with a shop front at ground floor level and possible Georgian remnants. The cellar is composed of brick and masonry. The cellar extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Low

Location: Nos. 178–179 Parnell Street

AH303 N/A


Nos. 178–179 Parnell Street has a four-bay, four-storey brick façade with a ground floor shop front and possible 19th century remnants. The cellar is comprised of masonry extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Low


AH304 N/A


Nos. 176–177 Parnell Street has a three-storey, four-bay painted brick façade with shop fronts at ground floor level and possible 19th century remnants. The cellar is composed of brick and solid masonry and extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Low


AH305 RPS 6552

Conway’s licensed premises

No. 70 Parnell Street has a Victorian pub front and brick façade above with arched window opes over three bays and three storeys. It was built c. 1870. The structural form of the cellar comprises brick and masonry solid walls. It has a cellar to Parnell Street which extends c. 4m north onto Parnell Street and c. 7m west onto Moore Lane. The architect is unknown.

Very high





RATINg


AH306 RPS 6553

Parnell Mooney licensed premises

Nos. 72–74 Parnell Street has a Neo-classical pub front with pedimented arches and brick façade above and is three storeys high. It was built c. 1870. It has a cellar to Parnell Street which extends c. 4m beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The structural form of the cellar comprises solid masonry, stone and brickwork. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH307 RPS 6554


No. 76 Parnell Street has a two-bay, four-storey rendered façade with a shop front at ground floor level and possible Georgian remnants. The cellar appears to extend beyond the front line of the building as evidence by the lightwell on the footpath. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH308 RPS 6555


No. 77 Parnell Street has a two-bay, four-storey rendered façade with arched arrangement at ground floor level. The building is possibly 19th century in origin and the architect is unknown.

Very high


AH309 RPS 6556


No. 78 Parnell Street has a single-bay, four-storey rendered façade with possible original joinery visible on upper floors. The building is possibly 19th century in origin and the architect is unknown.

Very high


AH310Within ACA


Nos. 80–81 Parnell Street has a four-storey, four-bay painted brick façade with a shop front at ground floor level containing a licensed premises. The building has possible Georgian remnants. The cellar is composed of brick and masonry and extends c. 2m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH311Within ACA


No. 86 Parnell Street has a three-storey, two-bay brick façade with a shop front at ground floor level and has possible Georgian remnants. The architect is unknown.

Medium





RATINg


AH312Within ACA


No. 91 Parnell Street has a two-bay, three-storey red brick façade with a ground floor shop and is possibly 19th century in origin. The structural form of the cellar comprises masonry and brickwork and extends c. 1m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH313 RPS 6562


No. 145 Parnell Street has a two-bay, four-storey brick façade with interiors of note and a ground floor shop front probably built in the late 18th century. The structural form of the cellar comprises general rubble, solid masonry and brickwork and part concrete. The cellar extends c. 2m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH314 RPS 6563


No. 146 Parnell Street has a two-bay, four-storey red brick façade with a shop front and carved stone pedimented door case at ground floor level. Original joinery is visible and the interiors are of note. It was probably built in the late 18th century. The structure of the cellar comprises solid masonry and brickwork with part brick arched and vaulted ceiling in one area to the front. The cellar extends c. 3m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH315Within ACA


No. 148 Parnell Street has a four-storey, two-bay brick façade with a shop front at ground floor level and has possible 19th century remnants. The structure of the cellar comprises solid brick and masonry. The basement does not extend beyond the building line. The cellars may have been previously infilled approximately 20 years ago. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH316Within ACA


No. 156 Parnell Street is a four-storey, two-bay corner building with a rendered façade and a shop front at ground floor level. It has been much altered but has possible Georgian remnants. The structure of the basement comprises solid masonry with concrete columns and steel beams at ceiling level. The basement does not extend beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium





RATINg


AH317Within ACA


No. 154 Parnell Street has a four-storey, two-bay brick façade with a shop front at ground floor level. It is much altered but has possible Georgian remnants. The structure of the basement is solid masonry. The basement does not extend beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH318Within ACA


No. 155 Parnell Street has a four-storey, two-bay painted brick façade with a pub front at ground floor level. It is much altered but has possible Georgian remnants. The structure of the cellar comprises solid brickwork and brick vaulted ceilings in two coal cellars located to the front of the building. The cellar extends c. 5m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH319Within ACA


No. 156 Parnell Street has a four-storey brick façade over a shop at ground floor level. It has possible Georgian remnants though it has been substantially altered. The structure of the cellar comprises solid brick and masonry with timber beam supports at ceiling level. Small opening in cellar extends c. 1m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH320 RPS 6564


No. 157 Parnell Street has a four-storey painted brick façade over two bays with a ground floor shop. The second floor has just a single window ope. It is probably late 18th century in origin. The structure of the basement comprises brick and masonry walls that are dry-lined. The basement does not appear to extend beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH321 RPS 6565


No. 158 Parnell Street has a four-storey brick façade over two bays with a ground floor shop and the second floor has just a single window ope. It is probably late 18th century in origin. It has a cellar to Parnell Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The structure of the cellar comprises a traditional construction supporting the façade. The architect is unknown.

Very high





RATINg


AH322Within ACA


No. 159 Parnell Street has a two-bay, four-storey painted brick façade with a shop at ground floor level. Although it has been substantially altered it may have possible Georgian remnants. It is probably late 18th century in origin. The cellar is composed of masonry and extends c. 1m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH323Within ACA


No. 160 Parnell Street has an unusual, two-bay, brick façade over four storeys with a pub front at ground floor level and has possible Georgian remnants. It is probably late 18th century in origin. The structure of the cellar comprises brickwork and masonry. The cellar extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

High


AH324Within ACA


No. 161 Parnell Street has a two-bay, three-storey brick façade with a pub front at ground floor level. Despite substantial alterations it may have possible Georgian remnants. It is probably late 18th century in origin. The building contains a cellar. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH325Within ACA


No. 162 Parnell Street has a two-bay, four-storey brick façade with a shop front at ground floor. Despite substantial alterations it may contain possible Georgian remnants. It is probably late 18th century in origin. The architect is unknown.

Medium


AH326Within ACA


No. 163 Parnell Street has a three-bay, four-storey rendered façade with a shop front at ground floor level. It is probably late 18th century in origin. The cellar is built of masonry. The cellar extends c. 1.2m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium

Location: Nos. 1–2 Cavendish Row

AH327 RPS 1340

Former Bank

Nos. 1–2 Cavendish Row is a former four-storey bank with a façade executed in brick with faïence detailing, pediment details and balustrade to the parapet. It is early 20th century in origin. The cellar is built of brick work and masonry and extends c. 6m beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high





RATINg

Location: No. 59 Parnell Square West

AH328 RPS 6545

georgian house

No. 59 Parnell Square West is a two-bay, four-storey former house on the corner with Parnell Street. It has a brick façade retaining its arched door and Ionic doorcase. It now forms part of the Kingfisher Restaurant on Parnell Street. It is 18th century in origin. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH329 RPS 6544

georgian house

No. 58 Parnell Square West is a two-bay, four-storey former house on Parnell Square West. It contains the Sinn Féin shop at ground level and the upper floors are obscured by a banner. It has a rendered façade with coursed ashlar at ground level and a painted Gibbsian doorway. It is 18th century in origin. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH330 RPS 6543

georgian house

No. 57 Parnell Square West is a two-bay, four-storey former house on Parnell Square West. It has a rendered façade with coursed ashlar at ground level and a Neo-classical doorcase. It is 18th century in origin. The architect is unknown

Very high

Location: Dominick Street Lower (West side)

AH331 N/A

dCC Social housing

This is a typical example of Dublin Corporation (now DCC) social housing from the 1960s. There are three blocks of five-storey, six-bay brick clad concrete frame buildings with a combination of duplex and studio apartments. It is animated by balconies and concrete steps to the front.

Low

Location: No. 20 Dominick Street Lower

AH332 RPS 2357

georgian house

No. 20 Dominick Street Lower is a Georgian house dating to c. 1756. It has a five-bay, four-storey brick façade with a pedimented stone door case and a guarded basement area. It has a relatively wide façade on a double plot and was designed by architect and renowned stuccodor Robert West. It contains some superb Rococo interiors in plaster by West. It has a cellar to Dominick Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The cellar is built of brick and solid masonry.

Very high





RATINg


AH333 RPS 2358

georgian house

No. 21 Dominick Street Lower is a Georgian house dating to c. 1756. It has a narrower façade than No. 20 Dominick Street Lower (AH332) – two-bay, over four-storey in brick. The architect is Robert West and again it contains Rococo plasterwork interiors by West. There are stone based railings guarding the front basement area. It has a cellar to Dominick Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The cellar is built of brick and solid masonry.

Very high


AH334 RPS 2359

georgian house

No. 22 Dominick Street Lower is a Georgian house dating to c. 1756. It has a narrower façade than No. 20 Dominick Street Lower (AH332) – two-bay, over four-storey in render. The architect is Robert West and again it contains Rococo plasterwork interiors by West. There are stone based railings guarding the front basement area. It has a cellar to Dominick Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The cellar is built of brick and masonry.

Very high


AH335 RPS 2360

georgian house

No. 23 Dominick Street Lower is a Georgian house dating to c. 1756. It has a narrower façade than No. 20 Dominick Street Lower (AH332) – two-bay, over four-storey in brick. The architect is Robert West and again it contains Rococo plasterwork interiors by West. There are stone based railings guarding the front basement area. It has a cellar to Dominick Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The cellar is built of brick and masonry.

Very high


AH336 RPS 2361

georgian house

No. 24 Dominick Street Lower is a Georgian house dating to c. 1756. It has a narrower façade than No. 20 Dominick Street Lower (AH332) – two-bay, over four-storey in render. The architect is Robert West and again it contains Rococo plasterwork interiors by West. There are stone based railings guarding the front basement area. It has a cellar to Dominick Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The cellar is built of brick, solid masonry and part concrete block construction.

Very high





RATINg

Location: No. 24a Dominick Street Lower

AH337 RPS 2362

St. Saviour’s dominican Church

St. Saviour’s Dominican Church, built c. 1861. It is set back from the street and is by the noted church architect J.J. McCarthy with additions by G.C. Ashlin. Its exterior is in a decorative Neo-Gothic style in limestone with Portland and Bath stone dressings. The façade is very similar to designs for the church of Saint Clotilde in Paris. The interiors are of particular note with areas of fine Bath stone tracery. The basement is built of stone and solid masonry and does not extend beyond the building line.

Very high

Location: Dominick Street Lower

AH338 RPS 2356

St. Saviour’s Priory

St. Saviour’s Priory (including roofs, chimneys, external façades as well as railings and stone plinths). Dominican Priory c. 1887. Architect J.L. Robinson. Two-storey buildings in Dublin calp with north extension c. 1950.

Very high

Location: Nos. 31–32 Dominick Street Lower

AH339 N/A


Nos. 31–32 Dominick Street Lower is a pair of semi-detached two-storey houses with decorative rendered façades and railings to the front. They are possibly 19th century in origin. The property does not have a basement. The architect is unknown.

Low


AH340 RPS 2363

georgian house

No. 39 Dominick Street Lower is a three-bay Georgian house of c. 1760. It has a four-storey brick façade with Rococo plaster interiors and joinery within of particular note. It also has stone based railings guarding the front basement area. It has a cellar to Dominick Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The basement is built of brick and solid masonry. The basement extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH341 RPS 2364

georgian house

No. 40 Dominick Street Lower is a three-bay Georgian house of c. 1760. It has a four-storey brick façade with Rococo plaster interiors and joinery within of particular note. It also has stone based railings guarding the front basement area. It has a cellar to Dominick Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The cellar is built of brick and solid masonry. The cellar extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high





RATINg


AH342 RPS 2365

georgian house

No. 41 Dominick Street Lower is a four-bay Georgian house of c. 1760. It has a four-storey brick façade with Rococo plaster interiors, a double-height stairhall and joinery within of particular note. It also has stone based railings guarding the front basement area. It has a cellar to Dominick Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The cellar is built of brick and solid masonry. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH343 RPS 2366

georgian house

No. 42 Dominick Street Lower is a two-bay Georgian house of c. 1760. It has a four-storey brick façade with Rococo plaster interiors and joinery within of particular note. It also has stone based railings guarding the front basement area. It has a cellar to Dominick Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The cellar is built of brick and solid masonry. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH344 RPS 2367

georgian house

No. 43 Dominick Street Lower is a three-bay Georgian house of c. 1760. It has a four-storey brick façade with Rococo plaster interiors and joinery within of particular note. It also has stone based railings guarding the front basement area. It has a cellar to Dominick Street which extends beyond the front building line towards the proposed alignment. The cellar is built of brick and solid masonry. The architect is unknown.

Very high

Location: Dominick Street Upper

AH345 N/A

Modern Building

A modern building on the northwest corner with Dorset Street. It has a four-storey brick façade with a rendered ground floor shop front and a metal-clad penthouse added. Part of the façade may date to c. 1858. The architect is unknown.

Low

Location: Upper Dorset Street

AH346 N/A

dCC Social housing

Typical Dublin Corporation (now DCC) social housing dating to the 1950s in brick. It is a six-storey building with a butterfly roof and balconies set back from the railings and trees along the edge of Dominick Street.

Low





RATINg

Location: Dominick Street Upper (west side)

AH347 N/A

Modern Building

An apartment building dating to the 2000s which appears to have been divided into two sections. The façade of the first section ranges from five to six storeys with brick, glass block and various fenestration details and lies along the main building line. The second section is further north and has five storeys, dominated by three large yellow brick forms within which the remainder of the fenestration and bay windows are placed. It is set back behind a yellow brick wall and railings along the main building line.

Low

Location: Dominick Street Upper (East side)

AH348 N/A

Modern Building

Dominick Court is a three-bay, three-storey brick apartment building characterised by gables and heavy brick balconies, set back from the street behind a low brick wall. It appears to date from the 1990s. The architect is unknown.

Low

Location: No. 14 Dominick Street Upper

AH349 N/A


No. 14 Dominick Street Upper comprises a derelict two-bay, two storey brick façade with missing upper floors and interiors. It is possibly Georgian in origin. The cellar is built of brick and masonry and extends beyond the building line.

Low


AH350 N/A


No. 15 Dominick Street has a four-storey rendered façade with a pub front. It is possibly Victorian in origin. The cellar is built of brick and masonry and extends beyond the building line.

Medium


AH351 RPS 2368

georgian house

No. 30 Dominick Street Upper is a Georgian house, paired with No. 31 Dominick Street Upper (AH352). It has a two-bay, three-storey brick façade over a basement guarded with cast iron railings with an arched entrance behind granite front steps. The cellar is built of brick and masonry and extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH352 RPS 2369

georgian house

No. 31 Dominick Street Upper is a Georgian house, paired with No. 30 Dominick Street Upper (AH351). It has a two-bay, three-storey brick façade over a basement guarded with cast iron railings with an arched entrance behind granite front steps. The cellar is built of brick and masonry and extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high





RATINg


AH353 N/A


No. 35 Dominick Street Upper is a two-bay, three-storey double gable rendered former house adjoining Hendrons with a front extension and substantial alterations. It is possibly 19th century in origin. The cellar is built of masonry and extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Medium

Location: Nos. 26–40 Dominick Street Upper

AH354 N/A

Modernist Industrial Building

Hendrons. This is a 1940s rendered Modernist Industrial building with four storeys of six bays fronting onto Dominick Street Upper. It has a single storey entrance porch. The properties do not have a basement. The architect is unknown.

Low

Location:Dominick Street Upper (West side)

AH355 N/A

Temple Buildings

These are seven blocks of four-storey, five-bay apartments in yellow brick with red brick dressing and railings to the front of the street. They are 20th century in origin. The architect is unknown.

Low


AH356 RPS 2371


No. 42 Dominick Street Upper is a house with possible 19th century remnants. It has a three-storey, two-bay brick façade with an apparently original front door case and a granite area to the front. The structural form of the cellar comprises solid masonry with brick vaulted arch in coal cellars. The cellar extends beyond the building line. The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH357 RPS 2370


Commiskey’s licensed premises (located on the corner with Constitution Hill/Western Way). It has a two-bay, three-storey brick façade with a distinctive clock and a possible 19th century Victorian front and interior remnants. The cellar is built of brick and solid masonry and extends beyond the building line.

Very high

Location: Western Way

AH358 RPS 8682

Stone Walls, Railings, Plinth Walls and gate Piers

Stone walls enclosing Western Way from the Black Church to Broadstone and also the railings, plinth walls and gate piers, at the eastern end of Western Way.

Very high





RATINg

Location: Constitution Hill

AH359 Within CA

Petrol Station

Functional building elements including steel canopy, columns and associated retail until. Dating variously up to the 1970s. Sitting against a high wall which retains the raised site of Broadstone Station.

Low

Location: Broadstone

AH360 Within CA

Victorian houses

Two houses to the south of the former Broadstone station terminal building and located within the curtilage of this site (AH361). These are a pair of semi-detached, two-bay, two-storey painted brick houses with pitched roofs, single-storey flat-roof garage extensions and a shared brick chimney stack. They each retain an arched ope at ground floor level and two widely spaced window opes at first floor level. One of the houses has had a shop front added to it and neither building is currently occupied. They appear to be late 19th century in origin. The architect is unknown.

Low

Location: Broadstone, Constitution Hill

AH361RPS 987

and RPS 2057

Former MgWR Broadstone Railway Terminus

All buildings and features lying within the curtilage of the former MGWR Broadstone Railway Terminus at Broadstone. These buildings and features include the Broadstone station terminal building, associated workshops and goods sheds to the northeast, the Dublin Bus Phibsborough Garage to the southwest, all surviving ashlar, brick and rubble stone boundary and retaining walls within and surrounding the former station building and the Dublin Bus Phibsborough Garage and the steps leading up to the forecourt of the former station building. Together these elements form a significant building complex.

The former Broadstone station terminal building dates to c. 1850 and was designed by the eminent railway architect John Skipton Mulvany. It is, for an Irish train station, a uniquely imposing and monumental building in a Neo-Egyptian style and constructed from finely cut Dublin granite. The imposing front façade is composed over five bays and two storeys with a dominant projecting central entrance bay with extended parapet and pediment. The window opes, set within the large bays, are all lined with fine granite carvings. A glass roof was designed by ironmaster Richard Turner for the building but collapsed just 11 years later and was replaced as part of the refurbishment works to increase the capacity of the station. These works were overseen by George Wilkinson. The principal element in these 1861 works was the addition of the long railway (cab) shed by George Wilkinson which was fronted with a carved Dublin calp stone colonnade and glass roof by ironmaster Richard Turner.

Very high





RATINg

AH361

Cont’d

RPS 987 and

RPS 2057

A number of simple, stone gabled sheds with pitched roofs are located to the northeast of the former Broadstone station terminal building. These include the goods shed, the carriage shed and the railway coach factory. These are large gabled structures with brick dressings and iron roof trusses (Casey, 2005). They are constructed using traditional techniques and many of them date to the mid-19th century development of the site.

The garage for Dublin Bus is a modern, shed-like structure to the south of the former Broadstone station terminal building and consists of a number of small sheds against one another. It directly adjoins the boundary/retaining wall between Broadstone and the St. Brendan’s Hospital Protected Structure curtilage which is at a lower level.

To the east of the site there are steps and a ramp accessing the forecourt of the former Broadstone station terminal building which are bounded by a set of rusticated limestone walls with piers at intervals.

To the south there are two sections of wall visible. The first section which is c. 2.5m high adjoins the southwest corner of the former station building in line with its front façade. It is in random squared rubble sandstone with rounded cappings and has two openings in its length before it turns at right angles and curves towards the south of the site. This curved section is also in random squared stone and incorporates two stone pillars at its southern extremity.

“The second section of wall to the south is also curved and is a much higher wall connecting the ground levels of Broadstone and Constitution Hill. The wall is coursed and has been painted and rendered in areas and it currently retains the land behind the Maxol Garage at a lower level to the south of the Broadstone Station. This wall appears to be a coincident with one of the walls which carried the Foster Aqueduct visible on the First Edition Ordnance Survey map. Originally there was a canal spur from the Royal Canal to a basin in front of the station.

The Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23) describes three further historical walls as follows:

“Portions of the associated boundary walls are also identified in the Grangegorman Development Agency Masterplan Principles as ‘high walls’ of historic importance; these walls are located to the southwest of the former Broadstone station terminal building and also form part of the St. Brendan’s Hospital Protected Structure complex.

Very high





RATINg

AH361

Cont’d

RPS 987 and

RPS 2057

The boundary/retaining wall extending in a northerly direction from the northwestern corner of the Dublin Bus Phibsborough Garage for c. 100m. It comprises a dressed rubble stone wall with stone capping and is c. 5–6m in height on the Grangegorman side (to the west). However, since there is a substantial difference in ground level between the two sides of this wall, it being much higher on the Broadstone side (to the east), the wall is only visible c. 1.5–2m above ground level on this side.

A second wall adjoins the northern end of this first wall and extends for c. 140m in total. It runs in a northwesterly direction for the first 80m from which point it runs in a west–northwesterly direction for approximately 60m. It comprises a dressed rubble stone wall with stone capping that has been replaced in parts by cement render capping. This section of wall measures c. 3–4m in height. However, since there is a substantial difference in ground level between the two sides of the wall, it being much higher on the Broadstone side (to the northeast), the wall is only visible c. 0.4m above ground level on this side.

A third wall is located at the northern terminal of the second wall and extends for approximately 45m in a north–northeast direction. It comprises a dressed rubble stone wall with brick capping and stands c. 4m high. This wall extends a further 155m in a north–northwest direction (this section has a stone capping). A c. 10m wide entranceway is incorporated into its northern extremity”.


Very high

Location: Grangegorman

AH362 RPS 3336

East Annex of St. Brendan’s hospital

This building is the former Richmond Penitentiary (the Annexe) dating to 1816 and designed by Francis Johnston with later alterations by John Skipton Mulvany. It has a long, seventeen-bay, three-storey front block in calp with pedimented five-bay break-front and a cupola with a copper dome. The original radiating blocks to the rear are now gone. One of a number of 18th and 19th century institutional buildings comprising the St. Brendan’s Hospital Campus.

Very high





RATINg

Location: Great Western Square and Western Villas, Phibsborough

AH363RCA (Z2 zoning)

great Western Square RCA

A building group of 19th century two-bay, two-storey single pitch red brick, blue brick and terracotta houses surrounding and adjacent to Great Western Square. Built in 1884. They were designed as part of a competition by G.N. Kelly. It should be noted that only the houses located on the western side of the square fall within the study area.

Very high

Location: Broadstone to Broombridge

AH364Within

RCA (Z2 zoning)

Former MgWR Cutting

The MGWR cutting running north from the former MGWR Broadstone Railway Terminus (AH361) which originally carried the MGWR line under bridges at North Circular Road (AH369), Cabra Road (AH378), Fassaugh Road (AH386) and Broombridge (AH388).

The Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23) describes the original railway cutting retaining and boundary walls as follows:

“Sections of the original railway cutting retaining and boundary walls still survive along the section of this railway line located between the northern end of the Broadstone Bus Depot and the twin arch railway tunnel (AH387) which now carries the Phoenix Park railway line.

There are two sets of railway cutting walls present (an outer and inner set) except in the area just south of the North Circular Road railway overbridge (AH369) to just north of the Cabra Road railway overbridge (AH378) where there is just the one set. The set of walls present at this location extends for c. 250m and comprises snecked dressed limestone and are c. 7.5–10m in height.

In the remaining sections of the railway cutting the outer set of walls delimits the top of the cutting embankment while the inner set delimits the base of the cutting embankment. These two sets of walls are in varying degrees of preservation and both appear to have missing and replacement sections at several locations. The outer set of walls generally comprises snecked dressed limestone.

The inner set of walls runs along the same line as the retaining/boundary walls visible just south of the North Circular Road railway overbridge (AH369) to just north of the Cabra Road railway overbridge (AH378) and they largely appear to function as a low retaining/boundary wall at the bottom of the embankment on either side of the cutting. They generally comprise snecked limestone walls standing to heights ranging from 0.8 to 1.6m.

High

Table 24.6 Baseline categorisation: Area 30 Former Broadstone railway cutting to Broombridge




RATINg

AH364

Cont’d

Within RCA (Z2

zoning)

A section of this inner set of walls forms a boundary with a coal yard (refer to AC103 in the Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23)) located to the south of the Liffey Junction.

This section of the wall extends for approximately 155m, though there is a break in the wall approximately 25m beyond its southeastern limit which presumably once allowed access to the coal yard; there is one stone pillar remaining on the northeastern side of the entrance. This section of the inner retaining walls comprises snecked limestone and stands at a height of approximately 1.6m.”

Note: Refer also to site AC95 in the Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).

High

Location: Rosemount Road

AH365RCA (Z2 Zoning)

Rosemount Road RCA

The road is characterised by a terrace of simple, two-storey brick dwellings with pitched slate roofs to either side of the street and rear gardens some of which back onto the proposed alignment.

Very high

Location: No. 292 North Circular Road

AH366 RPS 1730


No. 292 North Circular Road is a 19th century detached two-storey dwelling. Its eastern gable is built against the retaining/boundary wall of the MGWR cutting (AH387). The front boundary of this property is partially formed by the stone North Circular Road bridge (AH369). The architect is unknown.

Very high


AH367 RPS 1731


No. 294 North Circular Road is a 19th century detached two-storey dwelling. Its western gable is built into the retaining/boundary wall of the MGWR cutting (AH387). The front boundary of this property is also partially formed by the stone North Circular Road bridge (AH369). The architect is unknown.

Very high

Location: North Circular Road


North Circular Road RCA

The area is characterised by a large number of brick and render 18th and 19th Century Georgian residential terraces many of which are protected structures and contain front settings with granite steps and cast-iron railings facing onto the tree-lined pavement.

Very high





RATINg

Location: North Circular Road

AH369

RPS 1559

RPS 884

Railway Over Bridge

The Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23) describes this bridge as follows:

“This bridge, built c. 1846, was one of four bridges lying within the study area that were erected by the MGWR over its railway line; three, including this bridge, remain. The MGWR line opened in 1847 and terminated at the former Broadstone Railway Terminus (AH361) to the southeast. The skilfully executed stone masonry enhances this bridge’s symmetrical design while the use of a variety of stone finishes adds to the visual appeal of the structure.

It is a single-arch masonry bridge comprising of piers and spandrels with rock-faced limestone block facing. The bridge has an elliptical arch with channelled rusticated voussoirs and dressed limestone impost courses. A dressed limestone plat band is located above the arch. The bridge also has two ashlar limestone parapet walls located at road level with cut-stone coping.”

(Extract from AC96 Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23)).

Very high


AH370Within

RCA (Z2 zoning)


No. 311 North Circular Road is one half of a 19th century semi-detached pair of houses. Its western gable is built into the retaining/boundary wall of the MGWR cutting (AH387). The front boundary of this property is also partially formed by the stone North Circular Road bridge (AH369). The architect is unknown.

High

Location: Cabra Road


Cabra Road RCA

The area is characterised by a large number of brick 18th and 19th century Georgian residential terraces many of which are protected structures and contain front settings with granite steps and cast-iron railings facing onto the footpath.

Very high

Location: Nos. 1–5 St. Peter’s Avenue

AH372Within

RCA (Z2 zoning)


Nos. 1–5 St. Peter’s Avenue are a two-storey terrace dating to the 19th century with various rendered finishes. The terrace adjoins No. 24 Cabra Road (AH375).

High






RATINg

Location: No. 18 Cabra Road

AH373 RPS 1056


No. 18 Cabra Road is a 19th century two-bay, three-storey terraced house in brick with granite steps. It is located on the south side of the road.

Very high


AH374Within

RCA (Z2 zoning)


No. 20 Cabra Road is a 20th century residential infill to a predominantly 19th century section of Cabra Road. It is located on the south side of the road.

Low


AH375 RPS 1060


No. 22 Cabra Road is a 19th century two-bay, three-storey corner house with fenestrated gable in brick, granite quoins and steps. It is located on the south side of the road.

Very high


AH376 RPS 1060


No. 24 Cabra Road is a 19th century three-bay, three-storey terraced house in brick with granite steps. It is located on the south side of the road.

Very high


AH377 RPS 1062


No. 26 Cabra Road is a 19th century three-bay, three-storey terraced house in brick with granite steps. It is located on the south side of the road.

Very high




RATINg

Location: Cabra Road

AH378

RPS 877

RPS 1039

Railway Over Bridge

The Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23) describes this bridge as follows:

“This bridge was built by the MGWR c. 1846 to carry Cabra Road over the now disused railway cutting (AH387). It was one of four bridges lying within the study area that were erected by the MGWR over its railway line; three, including this bridge, survive. The bridge displays a variety of stone finishes with rock-faced rustication and large blocks being used to add a feeling of solidity to the structure. The skilfully executed stone masonry enhances the bridge’s symmetrical design while the use of a variety of stone finishes adds to the visual appeal of the structure.

It is a single-arch masonry bridge comprising of piers and spandrels with rock-faced limestone block facing. The bridge has an elliptical arch with channelled rusticated voussoirs and dressed limestone impost courses. A dressed limestone plat band is located above the arch. The bridge also has two ashlar limestone parapet walls located at road level with cut-stone coping.”


Very high


AH379 RPS 105519th Century Building

No. 17 Cabra Road is a 19th century three-bay, three-storey mid-terrace brick dwelling with granite steps.

Very high



No. 19 Cabra Road is a 19th century two-bay, three-storey mid-terrace brick dwelling with granite steps.

Very high



No. 21 Cabra Road is a 19th century two-bay, three-storey end of terrace brick dwelling.

Very high


AH382 RPS 1059


No. 23 Cabra Road is a 19th century three-bay, three-storey end of terrace brick dwelling with a 20th century addition to east end. The eastern gable of the structure appears to be built into the retaining/boundary wall of the MGWR cutting (AH387).

Very high





RATINg




Very high




Very high




Very high

Location: Fassaugh Road

AH386 N/A

Railway Bridge

It is a single arched 20th century bridge with a concrete structure and rendered piers and parapets. It replaced a Victorian bridge in the same location. It bears a plaque dedicated to the Irish soccer player Liam Whelan.

Low

Location: Former MGWR cutting

AH387 N/A

Railway Tunnel

The Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23) describes this railway tunnel as follows:

“A double-arch masonry railway tunnel which was opened in 1877 as part of the GSWR. It now carries the Phoenix Park Railway Line under the Royal Canal (AH9) and the former MGWR (AH387). It was constructed in two sections with the façade of the southern arch set back from that of the northern arch. The bridge is constructed of rock-faced ashlar limestone with dressed voussoirs to the arches surmounted by a tooled stone stringcourse and parapet with terminal piers. A curved retaining wall is located to the northwest of the tunnel.

This tunnel is a notable contributor to the development of Dublin’s rail network and its accomplished design and continued use, albeit occasional, are a testament to the technical dexterity of its engineers. The tunnel extends across the full width of the study area in a north/south orientation.”


High




24.6 REFERENCESArchitectural Heritage (National Inventory) and Historic Monuments (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act (1999) Architectural Heritage (National Inventory) and Historic Monuments (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1999. No. 19 of 1999.

Byrne, D. and McLoughlin, R. (2009) Historic Landscape Assessment of St. Stephen’s Green Park. Report prepared by Lotts Architecture for the Railway Procurement Agency.

Casey, C. (2005) The Buildings of Ireland: Dublin. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.

Corcoran, M. (2008) Through Streets Broad and Narrow: A History of Dublin Trams. Dublin: Ian Allan.

Council of Europe (1975) European Charter of the Architectural Heritage. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.

Council of Europe (1984) Convention for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe (“Granada Convention”). Strasbourg: Council of Europe, ratified by Ireland in 1997.

Council of Europe (1992) Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage of Europe (“Valletta Convention”). Strasbourg: Council of Europe.

Craig, M.J. (1969) Dublin 1660–1860: a Social and Architectural History. Dublin: Allen Figgis.

Delany, R. (1992) Ireland’s Royal Canal 1789–1992. Dublin: Lilliput Press.

Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (2000) Local Government (Planning and Development) Act, 2000. Dublin: Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government.

Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (2004) Architectural Heritage Guidelines. Dublin: Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government.

Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (2004) Architectural Heritage Protection, Guidelines for Planning Authorities. Dublin: Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government.

Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (2006) National Inventory of Architectural Heritage Handbook. Dublin: Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government.

Dublin City Council (2005–2011) Development Plan Policies on Conservation and Architectural Conservation Areas (Dublin City Development Plan, 2005–2011: Chapter 10: Heritage Policies H1–H27). Dublin: Dublin City Council.

Dublin City Council (2005–2011) Record of Protected Structures (Dublin City Development Plan, 2005–2011: Vol. 3). Dublin: Dublin City Council.

Environmental Protection Agency (2002) Guidelines on information to be contained in the Environmental Impact Statement. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency.


RATINg

Location: Broombridge Road

AH388

RPS 906

RPS 989

Railway Over Bridge

This is a pair of adjoining bridges – a canal overbridge and railway overbridge. The canal bridge was built in c. 1790 and extended c. 1846 by the MGWR to form a twin-arch bridge with ashlar voussoirs spanning the Royal Canal and former MGWR line. The bridge is named after William Broom who partly owned the Royal Canal Company and is famous as the location where Sir William Rowan Hamilton wrote down the fundamental formula of quaternion equations which are of importance to mathematics. This is commemorated with a plaque.

Note: Refer also to sites AC117 and AC118 in the Material Assets: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 23).

Very high




Environmental Protection Agency (2003) Advice Notes on Current Practice in the preparation of Environmental Impact Statements. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency.

Graby, J. and O’Connor, D. (1993) Phaidon Architecture Guide Dublin. Dublin: Phaidon Press.

Hogan, F. (1990) Railway Station Houses of Ireland. Dublin: UCD.

International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) (1964) Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites (Venice 1964). Venice: International Council on Monuments and Sites.

International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) (1966) International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites (“Venice Charter”). Venice: International Council on Monuments and Sites.

International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) (1982) Charter on the Preservation of Historic Gardens (“Florence Charter”). Florence: International Council on Monuments and Sites.

International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) (1987) Charter on the Conservation of Historic Towns and Urban Areas (“Washington Charter”). Washington, International Council on Monuments and Sites.

International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) (1993) Guidelines for Education and Training in the Conservation of Monuments, Ensembles and Sites. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Council on Monuments and Sites.

International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) (1999) Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance (“Burra Charter”). Burra, Australia: International Council on Monuments and Sites, 1979, revised 1999.

International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) (1999) Charter on the Built Vernacular Heritage. Mexico: International Council on Monuments and Sites.

Kilroy, M. (1996) Irish Trams. Dublin: Colourpoint Publishing.

Lincoln, C. (1992) Dublin as a Work of Art. Dublin: O’Brien.

McCullough, N. (2007) Dublin, an Urban History: The Plan of the City. Dublin: Lilliput Press.

National Roads Authority (2005) Guidelines for the Assessment of Architectural Heritage Impacts of National Road Schemes. Dublin: National Roads Authority.

National Roads Authority (2005) Guidelines for the Assessment of Archaeological Heritage Impacts of National Road Schemes. Dublin: National Roads Authority.

Planning and Development (Amendment) Act (2002) Planning and Development (Amendment) Act, 2002, No. 32 of 2002.

Planning and Development Regulations (2001) Planning and Development Regulations 2001, S.I. No. 600 of 2001.

Railway Procurement Agency (2008) EIS – Metro North Vols. 1–3. Dublin: Railway Procurement Agency.

Sheperd, E. (1994) The Midland and Great Western Railway: an Illustrated History. Leicester: Midland Pub.

Somerville-Large, P. (1996) Dublin: The Fair City. London: Sinclair-Stevenson.

Electronic resourcesNational Library of Ireland website: http://www.nli.ie

Dublin City Council website: http://www.dublincity.ie

National Inventory of Architectural Heritage website: http://www.buildingsofireland.com



Cartographic sources


Speed, J. 1610 Dublin City

Brooking, C. 1728 Dublin City and Suburbs

Tudor, J. 1753 College Green

Rocque, J. 1756 Dublin City

Duncan, W. 1821 Dublin City






Ordnance Survey 1939–1940 Dublin City and County


Railway Procurement Agency 2009 Topographical survey of proposed alignment


MATERIAL ASSETS: PROPERTy

Dominick

Broadstone - DIT

Phibsborough

Grangegorman

Cabra

Parnell

Marlborough

O’ConnellUpper

O’Connell - GPO

Westmoreland

Trinity

Dawson


Broombridge

25 MATERIAL ASSETS: PROPERTy 25.1 Introduction ...............................................................695

25.2 Baseline assessment methodology ........................69525.2.1 Introduction .................................................................69525.2.2 Study area ...................................................................69525.2.3 Difficulties encountered ...............................................695

25.3 Baseline categorisation criteria ...............................69625.3.1 Importance of the baseline environment .....................69625.3.2 Sensitivity of the baseline environment .......................69625.3.3 Existing adverse effects on the baseline environment ..................................................69625.3.4 Baseline rating ............................................................696

25.4 description and categorisation of the baseline environment ...............................................................696

25.5 References .................................................................698

BASELINE



25.1 INTROduCTIONThis is the Material Assets: Property baseline chapter of the Luas Broombridge Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). This chapter describes and evaluates the existing property environment that is likely to be impacted by the proposed scheme.

Section 39(2)(b) of the Transport (Railway Infrastructure) Act, 2001 specifies that an EIS must contain a description of the aspects of the environment that are likely to be significantly affected by a proposed scheme. This chapter of the EIS has been prepared in order to fulfil this requirement in respect of Material Assets (Property) (excluding public roadways).

Prior to compiling this chapter, relevant planning and policy documents were reviewed to ascertain the existence of any plans, policies or objectives relating to property. The relevant findings of this review are detailed in the Planning and Policy Context chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 3).

Properties are considered to be valuable economic and social resources that, among other things, provide for residential amenity and business and commercial facilities.

Other baseline chapters within this EIS make reference to aspects of property which are not detailed in this chapter and these include Human Beings: Landuse, Human Beings: Socio-economics, Human Beings: Noise, Human Beings: Vibration, Human Beings: Traffic, Soil and Geology, Air and Climatic Factors, Material Assets: Archaeological and Cultural Heritage, and Material Assets: Architectural Heritage (Book 1, Chapters 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 21, 23 and 24, respectively).

Other schedules submitted as part of this Railway Order (RO) application make reference to aspects of property and therefore will not be detailed here including:

■■ Rights of way: Rights of way to be extinguished as part of the proposed scheme will be listed in the relevant schedules of the RO application

■■ Building fixings: The design of the proposed scheme proposes fixing of the overhead wire support system to buildings at certain locations along the alignment. At certain stops, Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) and lighting will be fixed to adjacent buildings. These fixing locations are indicated on the RO drawings and are addressed in the Material Assets: Architectural Heritage impact assessment chapters of this EIS (Book 2 and 3, Chapter 15)

This chapter considers the existing property environment and assigns a baseline rating or categorisation for:

■■ Properties which may be acquired and permanently demolished under the proposed scheme

■■ Properties, a portion of which may be acquired on a permanent basis or a right of way or easement acquired

■■ Properties, a portion of which are to be acquired on a temporary basis

25.2 BASELINE ASSESSMENT METhOdOLOgy25.2.1 IntroductionThe baseline environment is defined as the existing environment against which future changes can be measured. The scope for the assessment has been informed by consultation with An Bord Pleanála (ABP), statutory consultees, bodies with environmental responsibility and other interested parties. The methodology has also been devised in consideration of the following guidelines:

■■ Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidance with respect to EISs (EPA)1,2

The general baseline assessment methodology is defined in the Methodology chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 5). The baseline property environment has been defined through title research for all properties to be acquired on a temporary or permanent basis within the study area, a desktop study, consultation with land owners and field surveys. The baseline environment is then categorised using the criteria outlined in Section 25.3 and baseline ratings are assigned. These baseline ratings are subsequently used in the Material Assets: Property impact assessment chapters of this EIS (Books 2 and 3, Chapter 16) to help determine the impact significance.

25.2.2 Study areaAll of the properties to be acquired on a temporary or permanent basis as part of the proposed scheme are considered to represent the study area.

25.2.3 difficulties encounteredThe baseline property environment has been defined through title research, a desktop study, and consultation with landowners for all properties or rights of way or easements that may be acquired in whole or in part on a temporary or permanent basis within the study area.



As outlined in the Material Assets: Architectural Heritage impact assessment chapter of this EIS (Books 2 and 3, Chapter 15), there are instances where access to part or all of a basement may have been blocked leading to uncertainty over their extents or their known existence.

25.3 BASELINE CATEgORISATION CRITERIAThis section of the baseline report categorises the baseline property environment. The baseline environment is assigned a baseline rating based on importance, sensitivity and existing adverse effects of the receiving environment. Each of these three terms is explained in detail in this section. The professional opinion of the specialist also plays an important role in assigning the baseline rating.

25.3.1 Importance of the baseline environmentEvery property is important in its own right, particularly to the owner. In the context of this chapter, the relative importance of one particular property over another depends on its use. For example, occupied residential properties typically have a higher importance than non-occupied derelict properties or brownfield sites.

25.3.2 Sensitivity of the baseline environmentIn the context of this assessment, property sensitivity is defined as the extent to which a property can accept change of a particular type and scale without unacceptable adverse effects on its functionality. Some properties are more sensitive to changes than others. Properties such as hospitals, educational facilities, small businesses and private residencies are very sensitive to change. For example, a local small business could be very sensitive to relocation.

25.3.3 Existing adverse effects on the baseline environment The value of some properties may be impacted upon by various existing external forces which contribute to the degradation of that property. These can include very high levels of noise, vibration, traffic or air pollution.

25.3.4 Baseline rating Properties in general are viewed as being very important to the individual owners and occupiers and are sensitive to acquisition. The baseline rating of the properties are evaluated by means of the capacity of the property to accept change as represented by the proposed scheme, taking into account the importance and sensitivity of different features of the environment and the current use of the property. The baseline categorisation for Protected Structures including the basements of such structures is set out in the Material

Assets: Architectural Heritage baseline chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 15).

25.4 dESCRIPTION ANd CATEgORISATION OF ThE BASELINE ENVIRONMENT All of the properties that may be impacted upon by the proposed scheme are indicated on the property drawings and schedules attached to this RO application. This includes properties which have been identified for temporary or permanent acquisition. A general description of the properties is shown in Table 25.1.



Table 25.1 Properties to be impacted upon by the proposed scheme

PROPERTIES BASELINE RATINg

Area 29: St. Stephen’s green to former Broadstone railway cutting

Various basements throughout Area 29. Low–very high*

St. Stephen’s Green North and West footpath (forms part of curtilage of St. Stephen’s Green).

Medium

Dawson Street “private landing”. Medium

Victorian toilet block on College Street. Low

Marlborough Street: “private landing” area fronting Irish Life & Permanent. Medium

Marlborough Street: west side, area on the north of Sackville Place. Medium

DCC lands for redevelopment at the intersection of Parnell Street and Dominick Street Lower and on the east side of Dominick Street Lower.

High

DCC lands on the east side of Dominick Street Upper adjacent to the junction with Dorset Street.

Medium

Dominick Street Upper “private landing” area on the south side of the street at junction with Western Way.

Medium

Amenity lands at Constitution Hill. Medium

Petrol filling station on Constitution Hill. Very high

Amenity lands at the intersection of Constitution Hill/Prebend Street. Low

Derelict houses on DCC lands in front of Broadstone Bus Depot. Very low

Health Service Executive (HSE) lands at Grangegorman. Medium

Lands within Broadstone Bus Depot including maintenance shed and temporary accommodation.

Low

Lands within Bus Átha Cliath Phibsborough Bus Garage. High

Area 30: Former Broadstone railway cutting to Broombridge

Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ) lands within the former Broadstone railway cutting from Broadstone to Broombridge.

Very low

Car dealership on North Circular Road. Medium

Houses adjacent to the former Broadstone railway cutting between North Circular Road and Cabra Road.

Very high

Laneway between Nos. 84 and 86 Cabra Park and the yard of print works Medium

Land at the Fassaugh Road entrance to Mount Bernard Park. Medium

Lands within Mount Bernard Park. High

Parts of Iarnród Éireann railway lands and Broombridge platform Low

CIÉ lands adjacent to the former Broadstone railway cutting and to the rear of Shandon Garden

Low

Parts of Iarnród Éireann railway lands south of Broombridge Road. Low

* Baseline ratings for individual basements will vary depending upon use, condition, access, etc.



25.5 REFERENCES1 Environmental Protection Agency (2002)

Guidelines on the Information to be Contained in Environmental Impact Statements. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency.

2 Environmental Protection Agency (2003) Advice Notes on Current Practice in the Preparation of EIS. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency.

Dominick

Broadstone - DIT

Phibsborough

Grangegorman

Cabra

Parnell

Marlborough

O’ConnellUpper

O’Connell - GPO

Westmoreland

Trinity

Dawson


Broombridge

26 MATERIAL ASSETS: uTILITIES 26.1 Introduction ...............................................................701


26.3 Baseline categorisation criteria ...............................70126.3.1 Importance of the baseline environment .....................70226.3.2 Sensitivity of the baseline environment .......................70226.3.3 Existing adverse effects on the baseline environment ..................................................70226.3.4 Baseline rating ............................................................702

26.4 description and categorisation of the baseline environment ...............................................................703 26.4.1 Description of the baseline environment .....................70326.4.2 Categorisation of the baseline environment ................704

26.5 References .................................................................705

BASELINE


MATERIAL ASSETS: uTILITIES

26.1 INTROduCTIONThis is the Utilities baseline chapter of the Luas Broombridge Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). This chapter describes and evaluates the existing utilities environment that is likely to be impacted by the proposed scheme.

Section 39(2)(b) of the Transport (Railway Infrastructure) Act, 2001 specifies that an EIS must contain a description of the aspects of the environment that are likely to be significantly affected by a proposed scheme. This chapter of the EIS has been prepared in order to fulfil this requirement in respect of Material Assets (Utilities).

Prior to preparing this chapter, a number of planning and policy documents were reviewed to ascertain if the documents contain any plans, policies or objectives relating to utilities. The following documents have been reviewed:

■■ Dublin City Development Plan (DCDP) 2005–20111

■■ Phibsborough/Mountjoy Local Area Plan2

■■ Framework Plan for Parnell Square3

■■ O’Connell Street Integrated Area Plan4

The relevant findings of this review are detailed in the Planning and Policy Context chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 3).

26.2 BASELINE ASSESSMENT METhOdOLOgy26.2.1 IntroductionThe baseline environment is defined as the existing environment against which future changes can be measured. This section presents the methodology used in assessing the baseline utility environment. The scope for the assessment has been informed by consultation with An Bord Pleanála (ABP), statutory consultees bodies with environmental responsibility and other interested parties. The methodology has also been devised in consideration of the following guidelines:

■■ Guidelines on the Information to be Contained in Environmental Impact Statements (Environmental Protection Agency (EPA))6

■■ Advice Note on Current Practice (in the Preparation of Environmental Impact Statements) (EPA)7

The general baseline assessment methodology is defined in the Methodology chapter of this EIS (Book 1, Chapter 5). The baseline utilities environment

has been defined through a desktop study, consultation with relevant stakeholders and field surveys. The baseline environment is then categorised using the criteria outlined in Section 26.3 and baseline ratings are assigned. These baseline ratings are subsequently used in the Material Assets: Utilities impact assessment chapter of this EIS (Books 2 and 3, Chapter 17) to help determine the impact significance.

26.2.2 Study areaThe study area has been defined with reference to the potential for impact from the proposed scheme and the availability of relevant information. The study area includes all lands directly affected by the proposed scheme. This includes all streets along the alignment and adjacent streets.


26.2.4 difficulties encountered26.2.4.1 Availability of dataObtaining accurate details relating to the existing utility environment is difficult. This assessment represents a fair view of the baseline environment based on the utility information that can reasonably be provided at this stage of the process.

26.2.4.2 Age and conditionIn some cases, insufficient data exists to make a detailed judgement on existing adverse effects such as the age and material used for existing services and associated risk in disturbing them. It is clear, however, that old cast iron or stoneware pipes are more at risk of fracture than more modern facilities, e.g. unplasticised polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) gas pipes.

26.3 BASELINE CATEgORISATION CRITERIAThis section of the baseline report categorises the baseline utilities environment. The baseline environment is assigned a baseline rating based on importance and sensitivity of the receiving environment. Each of these terms is explained in detail in this section. Existing adverse effects is discussed below. The professional opinion of the specialist also plays an important role in assigning the baseline rating. The baseline rating will subsequently be used in the impact chapter to determine the likely significance of impacts which is discussed in detail in the Material Assets: Utilities impact assessment chapter of this EIS (Books 2 and 3, Chapter 17).



26.3.1 Importance of the baseline environmentUtilities infrastructure ensures that power (electricity/gas), water and other services are provided to all individuals in a reliable, consistent manner. The day-to-day lives of all individuals and the commercial life of the city and suburbs are highly dependent on this supply. The Railway Procurement Agency (RPA) recognises the importance of ensuring that disruption of any utility is minimised.

The importance of a utility is determined taking account of the function, strategic nature and capacity of the utility. These are categorised as:

■■ Distribution networks: these are of local importance and usually there is no contingency available to maintain continuity of supply from other sources (e.g. DCC water mains supply)

■■ Local connection: these are of local importance and usually there is no contingency available to maintain continuity of supply from other sources (i.e. connection from distribution networks to private properties)

■■ Transmission networks: these are of national or regional importance and there can be a contingency to continue supply from other sources (e.g. Bord Gáis Dublin to Cork transmission line and DCC arterial mains)

26.3.2 Sensitivity of the baseline environmentDisruption of utilities at single point locations can often affect the functionality of the infrastructure over a large area. Therefore, all utilities are considered sensitive to change.

26.3.3 Existing adverse effects on the baseline environmentFor the purposes of this baseline assessment, existing adverse effects are not considered. However, it is recognised that existing adverse effects may occur within the study area such as damaged asbestos concrete pipes or leaking water pipes.

26.3.4 Baseline ratingThe baseline rating of the existing utilities environment is determined by having regard to the range of criteria which reflect its importance and sensitivity of the baseline environment. The criteria that have been defined are shown in Table 26.2.



Gas services Bord Gáis Éireann

Water services Dublin City Council (DCC)

Bus Éireann

Bus Átha Cliath

Iarnród Éireann

Electricity services Electricity Supply Board (ESB)

Communication cable services

Aurora

BT Ireland

Cable and Wireless

Colt Telecom

Eircom

NTL/UPC

Smart Telecom

Verizon

DCC

Iarnród Éireann

Luas operations

Drainage services DCC Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ)



26.4 dESCRIPTION ANd CATEgORISATION OF ThE BASELINE ENVIRONMENT 26.4.1 description of the baseline environmentA general description of the types of utilities occurring within the study area is provided in this section.

Gas distribution (≤4bar) pipes can occur as either polyethylene (PE) or PE inserted into cast iron pipes.

The majority of the water supply pipes (distribution and arterial) can occur as cast or ductile iron pipes. Some of the older mains are asbestos concrete pipes with newer mains occurring as high pressure polyethylene (HPPE).

Older sewers within the study area are typically of brick arch construction with in situ concrete or block work manholes and are generally located in deep areas where they are difficult to move. Newer sewers are constructed using concrete pipes and in some cases precast manholes have been built as part of the network.

Underground electricity cables are present in a number of locations within the study area. These cables occur at various voltage levels including, 10, 38 and 110kV. Most cables have an aluminium core with a plastic coating but some older distribution and transmission cables have oil-impregnated paper as a coating.

The communication cables within the study area can occur in uPVC, medium density polyethylene (MDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), etc., ducts and are accessed from chambers at surface level. Earthing arrangements are also provided in the vicinity of any telephone exchanges.

26.4.1.1 Area 29: St. Stephen’s green to former Broadstone railway cuttingGas distribution pipework throughout Area 29 occurs as PE and steel and operates at 4bar pressure and less. Pipe sizes range from 63mm 25mbar pressure for domestic supply to 315mm 4bar pressure.

Examples of the size and nature of the gas distribution pipework throughout Area 29 are:

■■ At the junction of Hawkins Street and College Street (315mm PE operating at 25mbar)

■■ At the junction of O’Connell Street and Parnell Street (315mm PE laid in 600mm cast iron operating at 25mbar and 180mm PE operating at 4bar)

The water supply pipework throughout Area 29 includes the DCC water distribution network and the DCC arterial water network. The distribution network includes some asbestos concrete pipework.



Gas distribution pipework (≤4bar).

Water pipes (distribution) for drinking water, combined and surface water sewers, foul sewers.

Electricity (distribution) cables including underground cables and overhead lines.

Communication ducts (including cables such as telephone and voice data cables, cable television networks, signalling and traffic cables and other control cables (e.g. Luas and other private services)).

Local connections.

Very high

Gas transmission/high pressure pipework (≥4bar).

Water pipes (arterial) for drinking water, combined and surface water sewers, foul sewers.

Electricity (transmission) cables including underground cables and overhead lines.

High

Not applicable Medium

Not applicable Low

Not applicable Very low



Examples of the size and nature of the water pipework throughout Area 29 are:

■■ At Constitution Hill (800mm ductile iron water main)

■■ At the junction of Hawkins Street and College Street (600mm DCC cast iron water main)

There is also a private water network to service the Broadstone Bus Depot.

DCC operates both combined sewer and surface water sewer networks within Area 29. These networks comprise of local surface water collection, foul water collection from domestic and private premises and trunk sewers. There is also a private drainage network within the Broadstone Bus Depot which discharges to the main sewer network on Constitution Hill.

Underground electricity cables are present in a number of locations within Area 29. Examples of the size and nature of cables occurring at various voltage levels are:

■■ 10kV medium voltage underground electricity cables at numerous locations throughout the study area

■■ 38kV high voltage underground electricity cables at the junction of Fleet Street and Westmoreland Street and at Burgh Quay

■■ 110kV high voltage underground electricity cables located along Dominick Street Upper

A number of communication companies operate networks within Area 29. These include Eircom, NTL/UPC, BT Ireland, Colt Telecom, DCC, Aurora, EU Networks, Cable&Wireless, Verizon and Smart Telecom. These networks supply domestic and industrial telephone and broadband services and are predominantly housed in plastic and sometimes concrete ducting. The Luas communications network is also present within Area 29 and typically comprises communications cables housed in uPVC ductbanks. There are a large number of communication network within this study area (greater than 12 ducts). Examples of the communication network within Area 29 are:

■■ 48×100 and 35×100mm ducting at the junction of Fleet Street and Westmoreland Street

■■ 20×100mm ducting along O’Connell Street

26.4.1.2 Area 30: Former Broadstone railway cutting to BroombridgeThere is no gas distribution pipework present within the former Broadstone railway cutting. However, there is gas distribution pipework within the over bridges at North Circular Road, Cabra Road and Fassaugh Road.

The water supply pipework throughout Area 30 includes DCC water distribution and arterial network, including some arterial asbestos concrete pipes at Broombridge and cast iron pipes along the former Broadstone railway cutting.

DCC operates combined, surface water and foul sewer networks within Area 30. These networks comprise of local surface water collection, foul water collection from domestic and private premises and trunk sewers including:

■■ DCC 750mm surface water sewer operating at Broombridge

■■ DCC 750mm foul sewer operating at Broombridge

A number of communication companies operate networks within Area 30. These include Eircom, NTL/UPC and Iarnród Éireann. The networks supply domestic and industrial telephone and broadband services and are predominantly housed in plastic ducting. The Iarnród Éireann communications network is laid alongside the track on the Phoenix Park Line and also along the Maynooth railway line.

There are no ductbanks of greater than 6 ducts within the study area.

26.4.2 Categorisation of the baseline environmentA summary of the baseline categorisation is shown in Table 26.3.



26.5 REFERENCES1 Dublin City Council (2005) Dublin City

Development Plan 2005–2011. Dublin: Dublin City Council.

2 Dublin City Council (2009) Draft Dublin City Development Plan 2011-2017. Dublin: Dublin City Council.

3 Dublin City Council (2008) Phibsborough/Mountjoy Local Area Plan. Dublin: Dublin City Council.

4 Howley Harrington Architects in collaboration with Dublin City Council and Alan Sherwood (The Tourism Co.) (2005) Framework Plan for Parnell Square. Dublin: Dublin City Council.

5 Dublin City Council (1998) O’Connell Street Integrated Area Plan. Dublin: Dublin City Council.

6 Environmental Protection Agency (2002) Guidelines on the Information to be Contained in Environmental Impact Statements. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency.

7 Environmental Protection Agency (2003) Advice Notes on Current Practice (in the Preparation of Environmental Impact Statements). Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency.

Table 26.3 Baseline categorisation

AREA SuMMARy dESCRIPTION BASELINE RATINg

29

Gas distribution pipework (≤4bar).

DCC water distribution network, including some asbestos concrete pipes.

Combined and surface water drainage.

Electrical distribution network.

Communications network.

Very high

High pressure gas main on O’Connell Street.

10kV medium voltage underground electricity cables.

38kV high voltage underground electricity cables.

110kV high voltage underground electricity cables located along Dominick Street.

DCC arterial water network.

High

30

DCC water distribution network.

Combined, surface water and foul drainage.

Electrical distribution network.

Communications network.

Very high

Gas distribution within the over bridges at North Circular Road, Cabra Road and Fassaugh Road.

High

Dominick

Broadstone - DIT

Phibsborough

Grangegorman

Cabra

Parnell

Marlborough

O’ConnellUpper

O’Connell - GPO

Westmoreland

Trinity

Dawson


Broombridge

gLOSSARy OF ABBREVIATIONS ANd TERMS

BASELINE



gLOSSARy OF ABBREVIATIONS

ACRONyM dEFINITION

ABP An Bord Pleanála

AC Alternating current

ACA Architectural Conservation Area

ANSI American National Standards Institute

APFC A Platform for Change

AQG Air Quality Guidelines

AQS Air Quality Standards

AVLS Automatic vehicle location system

BAC Bus Átha Cliath

BCI Bat Conservation Ireland

bgl Below ground level

Bq/m3 Becquerels per cubic metre

BRT Bus Rapid Transit

CA Conservation Areas

CAF Common Appraisal Framework

CBA Cost benefit analysis

CCR Central Control Room

CCTV Closed-circuit television

CFB Central Fisheries Board

CGS County Geological Sites

CIÉ Córas Iompair Éireann

CLEA Contaminated Land Exposure Assessment

CO Carbon monoxide

CO2

Carbon dioxide

cSAC Candidate Special Area of Conservation

CSO Central Statistics Office

CTN Cable transmission network

DART Dublin Area Rapid Transit

dB Decibels

dBA “A” weighted decibel

DC Direct current

DCC Dublin City Council



ACRONyM dEFINITION

DCDP Dublin City Development Plan

DCIHR Dublin City Industrial Heritage Record

DCU Dublin City University

DIT Dublin Institute of Technology

DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges

DoEHLG Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government

DoT Department of Transport

DTO Dublin Transportation Office

dRPGGDA draft Regional Planning Guidelines for the Greater Dublin Area

DUTC Dublin United Transport Company

ED Electoral Division

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EIS Environmental Impact Statement

EM Electromagnetic

EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility

EMF Electromagnetic Fields

EMI Electromagnetic Interference

EMR Electromagnetic Radiation

EMS Environmental Management System

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

EPRC Emerging Preferred Route Corridor

EQS Environmental quality standard

ERBD Eastern River Basin District

ERFB Eastern Regional Fisheries Board

ESB Electricity Supply Board

FAQ Frequently asked questions

FC Faecal Coliforms

GAC Generic assessment criteria

GDA Greater Dublin Area

GDSDS Greater Dublin Strategic Drainage Study

GIS Geographical Information System

GSI Geological Survey of Ireland

GPO General Post Office

GSWR Great Southern and Western Railway



ACRONyM dEFINITION

HARP Historic Area Rejuvenation Project

HAVS Hand arm vibration syndrome

HGV Heavy Goods Vehicle

HSE Health Services Executive

Hz Hertz

IAPs Integrated Area Plans

IAZs Integrated Area Zones

ICF Irish Concrete Federation

ICNIRP International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection

ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites

IEEM Institute of Ecological and Environmental Management

IGI Institute of Geologists of Ireland

IPPC Integrated Pollution Prevention Control

ISO International Standards Organisation

IWAC Inert Waste Acceptance Criteria

kph kilometers per hour

LAeq

The equivalent continuous noise level.

LAP Local Area Plan

LA Landuse area

Lden

Day Evening Night Noise Level

LGV Light Goods Vehicle

LLCAs Local Landscape Character Areas

Lnight

Night Noise Levels

MCA Multi-criteria analysis

MGWR Midland Great Western Railway

MID Mobility Impaired and Disabled

MRP Molybdate Reactive Phosphate

MTBE Methyl tert-butyl ether

MV Medium Voltage

MN Metro North

MW Metro West

NAP National Action Plan

NBP National Biodiversity Plan

NCCS National Climate Change Strategy



ACRONyM dEFINITION

NDP National Development Plan

NEIC North East Inner City

NGR National Grid Reference

NHA National Heritage Area

NHP National Heritage Plan

NIAH National Inventory of Architectural Heritage

NLI National Library of Ireland

NML Noise monitoring location

NO2

Nitrogen dioxide

NOx

Oxides of nitrogen

NPWS National Parks and Wildlife Service

NRA National Roads Authority

NSS National Spatial Strategy

NTA National Transport Authority

OCS Overhead Conductor System

OPW Office of Public Works

OS Ordnance Survey

OSI Ordnance Survey Ireland

PA Public address

PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

PE Polyethylene

PID Passenger information display

PM2.5

Particulate matter (less than 2.5 microns)

PM10

Particulate matter (less than 10 microns)

pNHA Proposed Natural Heritage Area

ppb Parts per billion

ppm Parts per million

PPV Peak Particle Velocity

PRC Preferred Route Corridor

QBC Quality Bus Corridor

RIAC Royal Irish Automobile Club

RAPID Revitalising Areas by Planning, Investment and Development

PRO Petroleum Range Organics

RBD River Basin District



ACRONyM dEFINITION

RF Radiofrequency

RIA Royal Irish Academy

RIAI Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland

RMP Record of Monuments and Places

RO Railway Order

RPA Railway Procurement Agency

RPII Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland

RPGGDA Regional Planning Guidelines for the Greater Dublin Area

RPGs Regional Planning Guidelines

RPS Record of Protected Structures

SAAO Special Area Amenity Order

SAC Special Areas of Conservation

SCATS Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System

SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment

SEM Scanning Electron Microscope

SDCC South Dublin County Council

SDCS Supplementary Development Contribution Scheme

SGV Soil Guideline Value

SIMC Social Inclusion Monitoring Committee

SMR Sites and Monuments Record

SPA Special protection area

Spp. Species

SPZ Source Protection Zone

TAG Transport Analysis Guidance

TCD Trinity College Dublin

THC Total hydrocarbons

TKN Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen

TON Total Oxidised Nitrogen

Total P Total Phosphorous

TVM Ticket vending machine

UCD University College Dublin

UHI Urban Heat Island

V/m Volts per metre

VDV Vibration Dose Value



ACRONyM dEFINITION

VML Vibration Monitoring Location

WBV Whole Body Vibration

WFD Water Framework Directive

WHO World Health Organization

WSC Wide Streets Commission

WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant

ZAP Zone of Archaeological Potential

ZOC Zone of contribution

µg/m3 Micrograms per cubic metre

µT Microtesla



gLOSSARy OF TERMS

TERM dEFINITION

“A” weighted decibel (dBA)

A frequency weighting applied to sound measurements which approximates to the frequency response of the human ear.

Air Quality Standards (AQS)

Permissible levels of regulated air pollutants in a control region.

Alignment The position of tracks relative to the surrounding topography.

Alluvial soilsA fine-grained fertile soil deposited by water flowing over flood plains or in river beds.

Alternating current (AC) An electric current that reverses direction in a circuit at regular intervals.

Ammonia (NH3) A simple form of nitrogen primarily originating in waste discharges.

Amphibians A cold-blooded, smooth-skinned vertebrate.

Anthropogenic Effects, processes or materials derived from human activities

Aquifer A water-bearing layer of soil, sand, gravel, or rock that yields water.

Architectural Conservation Areas (ACA)

An area where the architectural design and scale of these areas is of sufficient importance to require special care in dealing with development proposals and works by the private and public sector alike.

ArgillaceousA sedimentary rock containing a significant proportion of fine grained (clay) minerals, mudstone.

AromaticsOrganic compounds containing covalently-bound atoms with specific characteristics.

Baseline environmentEnvironmental conditions that currently exist and against which any future changes can be assessed.

Baseline ratingUsed to express the combined consideration of importance, sensitivity and existing adverse effects.

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

Biochemical Oxygen Demand. It is a chemical procedure for determining how fast biological organisms use up oxygen in a body of water. It provides a measure of the pollution present in water.

Borehole A hole drilled in the earth to obtain water, oil or soil samples.

Brown EarthsTerm given to brown soils which once supported a thick cover of deciduous forests. Brown Earths often formed on glacial subsoil deposits. They are generally free draining, weathered, slightly leached and only slightly horizonated.

BrownfieldIn town planning, Brownfield land is an area of land previously used or built upon or land that is or was occupied by a permanent structure, which has become vacant, underused or derelict and has the potential for development.

Calcareous Descriptor of a rock which contains calcium carbonate.

Catchment The land area contributing flow to a point on a watercourse.

Census of Population of Ireland

A census of the population of the whole of Ireland, occurring every four years between 1821 and 2006.

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

It is an indirect measure of the amount of organic compounds in water. Unlike BOD, COD measures everything that can be chemically oxidised, rather than just levels of biologically active organic matter.



TERM dEFINITION

Common Newt Small semiaquatic salamander.

Conservation AreaAn area where the architectural design and scale of these areas is of sufficient importance to require special care in dealing with development proposals and works by the private and public sector alike.

Decibels (dB)The basic unit for sound measurement. Decibels are measured on a linear scale which defines a logarithmic amplitude scale, thereby compressing a wide range of amplitude values into a small set of numbers.

DemographyThe study of the size, growth, and age and geographical distribution of human populations, and births, deaths, marriages, and migrations.

Diesel Range Organics (DRO)

This refers to diesel fuels and by-products.

Direct current (DC) Electric current flowing in one direction only and substantially constant in value.

Do-minimum scenario The scenario that would exist in the future if the project was not to go ahead.

Do-nothing scenario The situation, which would exist if no intervention of development, as carried out.

E. coliEscherichia coli. Bacteria of definite faecal origin (human and animal). Their presence in water is evidence of faecal contamination and indicates a risk that pathogens may be present.

EcosystemA community of different plant and animal species interacting with one another and with their non-living environment.

Electoral Divisions (EDs) The smallest administrative area for which population statistics are published.

EstuaryThe transitional area at the mouth of a river between fresh water and coastal water.

Faecal coliformsHarmless bacteria which serve as indicators of the presence of human and animal faeces in waters.

Fauna All of the living animals.

Flora All of the plants.

FluvioglacialDescriptor of a landform/sediment formed as result of escape of meltwater from a glacier.

GeohazardsAre natural earth processes that pose a risk to human life. They include geological hazards such as landslides, bog bursts, coastal erosion and subsidence.

GlaciomarineDescriptor of a landform/sediment formed in a marine (sea) environment close to a glacier.

Gley A product of waterlogged soil conditions, often mottled.

Greenfield Clean, undeveloped land.

Groundwater

Groundwater is the water beneath the surface that can be collected with wells, tunnels, or drainage galleries, or that flows naturally to the earth’s surface via seeps or springs. Groundwater is the water that is pumped by wells and flows out through springs.

HabitatThe dwelling place of a species or community, providing a particular set of environmental conditions (e.g. forest floor, sea shore, river bank).

Holt Otter breeding or resting place.



TERM dEFINITION

HydrogeologicalThe branch of geology that deals with the occurrence, distribution, and effect of ground water.

Integrated Area Plans (IAPs)

An integrated area plan consists of a written statement and a plan indicating the objectives for the social and economic renewal, on a sustainable basis, of the area to which the plan relates, and improvements in the physical environment of that area.

Karstification

The process of solution and infiltration by water, mainly chemical but also mechanical, whereby the surface features and subterranean drainage network of a karstland are developed to form a karst topography, including such surface features as dolines, karren, and mogotes and such subsurface features as caves and shafts.

Kiss & Ride lay-bys Pick up and drop off of passengers by private car at Broombridge.

Limestone A sedimentary rock composed largely of the carbonate mineral calcite (CaCO3).

LithificationProcess whereby unconsolidated sediment becomes cemented and is converted into rock.

Local Landscape Character Areas (LLCA)

An area which has a distinct and recognisable pattern of elements that occur consistently.

Luas Dublin’s light rail transport system.

MudstoneA fine-grained, dark gray sedimentary rock, formed from silt and clay and similar to shale but without laminations.

Operational phase The period of time over which the proposed scheme will be in operation.

Overhead Conductor System (OCS)

The system through which power is supplied to light rail vehicles.

Peak Particle Velocity (PPV)

The parameter normally used to assess the ground vibration is expressed in millimetres per second (mm/s).

Petroleum Range Organics (PRO)

This refers to petroleum fuels and by-products.

PM2.5

Fine particles in the (ambient) air 2.5 microns or less in size.

PM10

Fine particles in the (ambient) air 10 microns or less in size.

PodzolTerm given to soils which form in cool, seasonally humid climatic regions, where leaching is a dominant process.

Podzolic SoilsTerm given to soils which range from well-drained to poorly-drained, and are typified by a black to dark brown B-horizon (in which mineral and organic material from upper layers is deposited).

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)

Chemical compounds that consist of fused aromatic rings. PAHs occur in oil, coal, and tar deposits, and are produced as by-products of fuel burning (whether fossil fuel or biomass). As a pollutant, they are of concern because some compounds have been identified as carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic.

PollutantA contaminant whose concentration has increased to an objectionable level and which may harm the recipient.

Polyethylene (PE) A thermoplastic material belonging to a group of polymers called polyolefins.

Proposed Natural Heritage Area (pNHA)

An area that is potentially considered important for the habitats present or which holds species of plants and animals whose habitat needs protection.



TERM dEFINITION

Proposed scheme The Luas Broombridge development proposals subject to the Railway Order.

RadiofrequencyRadiation is a subset of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 100km to 1mm, which is a frequency of 300 Hz to 3000 GHz, respectively.

Receptor Any element in the environment which is subject to impacts.

ReptilesTerrestrial or aquatic vertebrates which breathe air through lungs and have a skin covering of horny scales.

Revitalising Areas by Planning, Investment and Development (RAPID)

An initiative that is led by the Department of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs to focus investment into the most concentrated areas of disadvantage in the country.

River Basin District (RBD)

Defined as an area of land and sea made up of one or more neighbouring river basins together with their associated groundwater, and coastal waters and identified as the main unit for management of river basins. A River Basin District must include coastal/marine waters up to one nautical mile beyond the boundary from which territorial waters are measured.

Sedimentary Rock formed from mechanically or chemically derived sediment.

Sensitive rivers Rivers that are either eutrophic or prone to eutrophication.

Shale Sedimentary rock formed from fine, clay-sized sediment.

Special Area of Conservation (SAC)

Sites included in Annex I and II of the EC Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) due to them being considered to be of European interest following criteria given in the directive.

Special Protection Area (SPA)

Sites designated under the European Union directive on the Conservation of wild Birds (79/409/EEC) to protect important bird species.

Spraints Faeces or droppings of Otters.

SuDS

Sustainable Drainage System. A sequence of management practices and control structures designed to drain surface water in a more sustainable fashion than some conventional techniques. This includes a range of measures designed to reduce the rate and quantity of surface run-off from developed areas and to improve run-off water quality.

Total Nitrogen Organic nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite and ammonia.

Total Oxidised Nitrogen (TON)

Nitrate and nitrite. Nitrate (NO3) being the more oxidised form of Nitrogen.

Total PhosphorousPhosphorus is an important nutrient for plant and animal growth. Total Phosphorus is the measure of the total concentration of phosphorus present in a water sample.

Townscape The urban landscape

Traffic assessmentConsists of the collection of data, traffic census and the analysis of this data in order to make traffic flow predictions.

Traffic flowThe number of vehicles travelling along a particular route in a particular direction over a period of time.

Traffic impact modelA model, constructed from data that enables the determination of transportation demands of development proposals and provides for reduction of adverse impacts on the transportation system.

Urban Heat Island (UHI) A microclimatic effect that is experienced in urban areas.



TERM dEFINITION

Utilities Services provided such as water, gas, electricity and telecommunications.

Vibration Dose Value (VDV)

Cumulative measurement of the vibration level received over an 8-hour or 16-hour period.

Visual amenity The value of views to a receptor in a particular area.

Water Framework Directive (WFD)

Is a European directive whose principle objective is “to achieve good quality status in all waters by 2015 and to ensure that status does not deteriorate in any waters”. The WFD requires each Member State to implement changes to the management of groundwater bodies taking account of all aspects of the water cycle.

Zone of Archaeological Potential (ZAP)

The zone of archaeological potential for historic Dublin which encompasses the majority of Dublin city centre and is a designated as a RMP.

Zone of contribution (ZOC)

The area surrounding a pumping well that encompasses all areas or features that supply ground-water recharge to the well.

Railway Procurement AgencyParkgate StreetDublin 8

■ www.rpa.ie

■ [email protected]

■ 1800 67 64 64

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