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LTE Advanced

February 2011


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2

The Biggest Platform in the History of Mankind

Note : 3G includes CDMA2000, WCDMA and TD-SCDMA

Source: Wireless Intelligence estimates as of Nov.2 , 2010 for the quarter ending Sep 30, 2010; *number of unique wireless connections

3G SUBSCRIPTIONSNOW

3G SUBSCRIPTIONSBY 2014

>5 BILLION WIRELESS SUBSCRIBERS


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3

LTE Has Strong Commitments

LTE MULTIMODE LAUNCHED

LAUNCHES NETWORK COMMITMENTS

TRIALS QUALCOMM MOBILITY FIELD TRIAL

LTE TDD GAINING MOMENTUM

GROWING DEVICE ECOSYSTEM

DEVICES VENDORS

Source: www.gsacom.com, J an 12 2011
http://www.gsacom.com/http://www.gsacom.com/


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Qualcomm is a Leader in Research,Standards and ChipsetsCOMMITTED TO CONTINUED LTE EVOLUTION

Screenshot from the

HetNet demo, showing

range expansion of

Picocells, within o ne

macrocell

Standards Leadership A Main contributor to key

LTE Advanced features

Major contributor for ITU IMT-Advanced submission

Industry First Demos MWC 2011: Live Heterogeneous

Network Demo

Industry First LTE/3GMultimode Chipsets Commercial launch 4Q 2010

Demo at

MWC2011


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LTE AdvancedThe Global 4G Solution

Realizes Full Benefits of Heterogeneous Networks

Higher Capacity & Enhanced User ExperienceRange expansionbetter utilization of p icocells, better macro offload

Software Upgrade to Optimize HetNets

Qualcomm: LTE Advanced LeadershipOver-the-Air prototype test bed, design and standards leadership

L

T

E

A

d

v

a

nc

e

d

Heterogeneous Networks : macro network with added small cells like picocells and femtocells


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Qualcomm is a Leader in 3G and 4G

2012 2013 2014+2011

1X AdvancedCDMA20001X

SIMULTANEOUS 1X VOICE AND EV-DO DATA

DO AdvancedMulticarrier

EV-DO

Rev A H/W Upgrade

EV-DO(Rev. B)

HSPA+

AdvancedHSPA+(Future)

Rel-11 & BeyondRel-10Rel-9

HSPA+(Commercial)

Rel-8Rel-7

HSPA

Rel-11 & BeyondRel-10Rel-9Rel-8

LTEAdvanced

LTE

Created 01/24/2011

LTE Leverages new, wider

and unpaired spectrum LTE(Future)

Commercial

Note: Estimated commercial dates.


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Radio Link Improvement is Slowing,What Is Next?

Evolved 3G withAdvanced Receivers(EV-DO Rev. B & HSPA+)

Data optimized 3G(EV-DO & HSPA)

3G (IMT-2000): Voice & Data(e.g. CDMA2000 1X & WCDMA)

2G: Voice Capacity(Digital e.g. GSM & IS-95)

1G: Voice(Analog e.g. AMPS)

LTE(OFDMA)

Next Gen.

Leap

Next Gen.

Leap

Next Generation

Leap

2G

3G

1G

Evolved 3G

Radio Link

approaching

the theoretical limit

Bring network closer to useraddingsmall cells1and mitigate interference

wil l provide next leap in performance

RelativeCapacityMultiples

1Leveraging heterogeneous network topology: macro network with added small cells like picocells and femtocells


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LTE Advanced Brings Different Dimensionsof ImprovementsMost Gain From HetNets

Leverage wider

bandwidthCarrier aggregation across

multiple carriers and multiple bands

Leverage heterogeneous

network topologyWith advanced interference management

(low power picocells with adaptive resource partitioningand advanced receiver based devices)

Leverage more radio

links, more antennasDownlink MIMO up to 8x8, enhancedMU-MIMO and uplink MIMO up to 4x4

Primarily higher

data rates(bps)

Higher spectral

efficiency(bps/Hz)

Higher spectral

efficiency per

coverage area(bps/Hz/km2)


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Remote

Radio heads

Operator Deployed

Micro/Pico cells

User DeployedFemtocells

Macro provides

wide coverage Relay

Nodes

LTE Advanced Realizes Full Benefits ofHeterogeneous Networks

ADAPTIVE INTERFERENCE MANAGEMENT APPLIED TO HETNETS

Advanced interference management techniques: advanced receivers (cancels overhead channels), enhanced time-domain adaptive resource partitioning withenhanced RRM and RLM. Heterogeneous Networks : macro network with added small cells like picocells and femtocells

Significantly Higher capacityRange expansionbetter uti lizationof small cells and better macro off load

Enhances user experienceEspecially median and cell edge users

Ensures user fairnessBetween users and between nodes

Network software upgrade


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HetNets with Adaptive InterferenceManagement Meets Actual Network Load

Heavy Lo ad

Medium Load

Light Load

Introduction of small cells requires interference

management that adapts to load and topology changes

Necessary for dense HetNets sharing same spectrum

Provides network load balancing1Advanced adaptive interference management : enhanced time-domain adaptive resource partitioning with enhanced RRM/RLM and advanced receiver devices

Picocells and femtocells added for capacity

Adapt iveInterference

Management1

Typically uneven load that

changes with time and location


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Macro

Only

Macro+

Picos

2.2X

LTEAdvancedwith

rangeexpansion

Macro+

Picos

1.2X

LTER8 L

TER8

LTE Advanced Increases Network Capacity,User Experience and Ensures Fairness

Median UserDownlink (similar uplink gain)

Picocell

Picocell

Picocell

Ensures User FairnessBetween users and between nodes

Assumptions: 4 Picos per Macro randomly dropped within macro coverage, see 3GPP R1-101509. Based methodology in TR 36.814: 10 MHz FDD, 2x2 MIMO, 25 usersand 500m ISD . Advanced interference management : enhanced time-domain adaptive resource partitioning, advanced receiver devices with enhanced RRM and RLM

1X

Range ExpansionBetter utilization of small cells


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Ensures Ubiquitous Broadband ExperienceEVEN WHEN SMALL CELLS CANNOT BE PLACED AT OPTIMAL LOCATION

Picocell

Picocell

Better Cell EdgeDownlink (similar uplink gain)

Macro

OnlyMacro+

Picos

38%

LTER8

LTER8

22%

Macro

Only

Macro+

Picos

1.7X

LTEAdvancedwith

rangeexpansion

Macro+

Picos

1.05X

LTER8

1X

LTER8

More Users with >1 MbpsThroughput

PicocellMacro+

Picos

78%

LTEAdvanced

withrangeexpans

ion

Assumptions: 4 Picos per Macro randomly dropped within macro coverage, see 3GPP R1-101509. Based methodology in TR 36.814: 10 MHz FDD, 2x2MIMO, 25 users and500m ISD . Cell edge user is defined as 5 percentile user


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Range Expansion Allows More Users toBenefit From Small CellsSIGNIFICANTLY BETTER MACRO OFFLOAD

Number of Picos per Macro cell

2 4 10

LTE R8

Range Expansion

Percentage of users associated with picos

For uniform, random user distribution

Small cell

82%

26%

37%

6%

12%

57%

Range Expansionenabled by:

1)Resource Partit ioning

2) Advanced Receiver Devices

3) Enhanced RRM/RLM1

Assumptions: TR 36.814, Macro ISD=500m, 100 antenna downtilt 25 UEs per Macro cell, uniform random layout, 10 MHz FDD, 2x2 MIMO. 1Enhanced RRM and RLM to allowhandover to weak cells, to maintain reliable link with weak cells, and to provide accurate feedback with resource partitioning


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Qualcomms LTE Advanced Test Bed

Advanced Interference Management in aco-channel deployment Adaptive timedomain resource partitioning

Advanced Receiver terminals Range expansion of pico cells

Enhanced Mobility Forward handover

Over-The-Air Enhanced mobility

currently shown

LTE Advanced featuresin March 2011

Evaluating the design and features to realizefull benefits of heterogeneous networks


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LTE

Carrier #5

LTE

Carrier #4

LTE

Carrier #3

LTE

Carrier #2

Carrier Aggregation Enhances UserExperience

LTE

Carrier #1 Aggregated

Data PipeUp to

100 MHz

LTE Multicarrier

Device

eNodeB

Up to 20 MHz

Up to 20 MHz

Up to 20 MHz

Up to 20 MHz

Up to 20 MHz

Increased data rates and lower latencies for all users in the cell Can more than double burstyapplication capacity

Datarates scale with bandwidthover 1 Gbps peak data rate Aggregating 40 MHz to 100 MHz provide peak data rates of 300 Mbps to 750 Mbps 1 (2x2 MIMO) and over 1 Gbps (4x4 MIMO)

1LTE R8 supports 4x4 MIMO, which enables 300 Mbps in 20 Mhz. Theoretically, LTE Advanced can support over 1Gbps peak data rates byaggregating at least 4 20 MHz carriers (up to100 MHz of spectrum) using 4x4 MIMO.


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Carrier Aggregation Leverages All SpectrumAssets

Aggregated

Data Pipe

LTE

Carrier

#5

LTE

Carrier

#4

LTE

Carrier

#3LTE

Carrier

#2

LTE

Carrier

#1

Aggregate spectrum within a bandto create a fatter data pipe

Aggregate across spectrum bands

Aggregate more downlink capacity

supplemental downlink (unpaired spectrum)

Benefits heterogeneousnetworks

Aggregation wi th in band

E.g. 2.6 GHz

10 MHz

MacroPico

Carrier 1

Carrier 2

Pico

Example: Carrier 1 used for wide area macro coverage, but also by picocells,

carrier 2 used by all nodes, but with lower pow er around macrocell

10 MHz

Supplemental Downlink

E.g. 700MHz


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Qualcomm: Continued LTE AdvancedStandards Leadership

Notes 1Based on pre-meeting contribution count for 3GPP RAN WG4 (in charge of performance requirements) . 2E.g. for femtocells and positioning across all working groupsand areas . Examples of features such as Mobility, access control, local IP access, system definition, security . 3for single point transmission results, also showed that thatNetwork-MIMO/CoMP techniques were not required to satisfy those requirements. 4Such as CMCC, DoCoMo, Orange, Verizon, AT&T, TIM, KDDI, Deutsche Telekom

A leading contributor for LTE performancedefinition in 20091

Leader in several key LTE standards areas2

A Main contributor to key LTE Advanced features Carrier aggregation, self-organizing network, relay, waveform

Major contributor for ITU IMT-Advanced submission

First company to show results satisfying IMT-Advanced requirements3

LTE Heterogeneous network work item approved in Rel-10 Focus on co-channel heterogeneous network scenarios (March 2010)supported by 32

companies4

Proposed to include time-domain and power settings as baseline (J uly 2010)

Target completion 1H 2011


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Common LTE FDD & TDD Chipset Platform

MSM 8960LTE

DC-HSPA+/DOrBEDGE

MDM 9200LTE

DC-HSPA+EDGEMDM 9600LTE

DC-HSPA+/DOrB

EDGE

50+ designs by 25+ OEMs

Commercial 4Q 2010 100 Mbps DL/50 Mbps UL

Dual-Core CPU (28nm) Superior graphics & multimedia Integrated connectivit y (WLAN, GPS,

Bluetooth, FM)

MSM8960 launches in 2012 Handset & tablet launches in 2011

based on (MDM9x00+MSM)

Modems & Data Cards Smartphones & Tablets

Industrys First LTE/3G Mult imode Chipsets


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Qualcomm: LTE Advanced LeadershipLTE ADVANCED REALIZES FULL BENEFITS OF HETNETS

A Leading Contributorto LTE Advanced

Standards

SpearheadingTechnology

Design Efforts

State-of-the-ArtLTE Advanced

Test Bed

Ensures

user fairness

Significantlyhigher capacity

(Range expansion )

Software

upgrade

Improvescell edge


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Questions? Connect with Us

www.qualcomm.com/technology

http://www.qualcomm.com/blog/contributors/prakash-sangam

@qualcomm_tech

m.qualcomm.com/technology
http://www.qualcomm.com/technologyhttp://www.qualcomm.com/blog/contributors/prakash-sangamhttp://www.qualcomm.com/blog/contributors/prakash-sangamhttp://twitter.com/qualcomm_techhttp://m.qualcomm.com/products_services_airlinks.dohttp://m.qualcomm.com/products_services_airlinks.dohttp://twitter.com/qualcomm_techhttp://twitter.com/qualcomm_techhttp://www.qualcomm.com/blog/contributors/prakash-sangamhttp://www.qualcomm.com/blog/contributors/prakash-sangamhttp://www.qualcomm.com/technology


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Additional Slides


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Adaptive Time-Domain Resource Partitioning

Adapts to topology, loadand user distribution

Mitigates interference

Time Domain Partit ioninga.k.a enhanced i nter-cell interference coordination

Adapt ive Part itioning Example25% Semi static to macro and p ico, 50% adaptive

LTE R8 provides limited interference management; primitive X2-basedadaptive resource partitioningutilizes modified X2. Frequency partitioning is theonly option for asynchronous networks (Networks without GPS timing)1Static and semi static allocation signaled to device. Enables flexible partitioningoptions, e.g. pico could also use reserved macro subframes (without benefits of range expansion)

Time-Domain Resources

Subframes reserved

for macro

Subframes

reserved for p ico

Macro

DL

PicoDL

Blanksubframes

Ensure fairness

Flexible and adaptivepartitioning options


Macro

DL

Pico

DL

Adaptive subframes,

served by pico or macro


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Advanced Receiver Devices with InterferenceCancellation Enables Full Range Expansion

Small cell

Newdevice(LTE R10)

Legacydevice(LTE R8/9)


1Adding overhead channels such as synch, broadcast and common reference signal to blank subframes to support legacy devices 2Device interferencecancellation cancels overhead channels such as such as synch, broadcast and common reference signal(CRS) to enable full range expansion.

Full Range Expansion2

1) Detects small cell in expanded range

2) Expands range by canceling overhead

Example with no pico reserved subframes

Macro

DL

Pico

DL

Support for Legacy Devices1Continue to transmit overhead channels in blank frames

Range expansion for new devicesSubframes not used by macro reduces interference

Subframes reserved

for macro


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Frequency Partitioning Possible for HetNetswith Abundant Spectrum

Frequency Domain Partitioning

10 MHz10 MHz

Pico /FemtoMacro

10 MHz10 MHz

Pico /Femto

Macro

LTE R8

LTE R10(multicarrier)

MacroPico

Carrier 1

Carrier 2

Pico

Example: Carrier 1 used for wide area macro coverage, but also by picocells,

carrier 2 used by all nodes, but with lower pow er around macrocell

Macro and pico/femtos on differentfrequencies to avoid strong interference

Reduced performance comparedto time-domain partitioning1

1A less granular and flexible optionbutdoes not require synchronized nodes

Helps to manage HetNetInterference:


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Relays Extend Coverage and ImproveCapacity without Backhaul Expenses

Range Expansion

Macro+

Relays

1X

Macro+

Relays

1.8X

Ad

v.interferencemanagem

ent

(IntelligentNodeAssociation&

Ada

ptive

ResourceAllocation)

Adapt ive interference management further improves capaci ty and coverageA t i R l t f 3GPP R1 094230 B d th d l i R1 084026 10 MH FDD 2 2 MIMO UE 10 L 3 R l M ll if d

Relays use part

of macro capacityas backhaul

Relay Node

Median UserDownl ink Data Rates Picocell

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