ls: i will be able to distinguish the difference between dna and rna. ls: i will be able to explain...
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DNA and RNALS: I will be able to distinguish the difference
between DNA and RNA.
LS: I will be able to explain the historical process of the discovery of DNA.
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To store genetic information that will eventually be translated into a protein
Types of Nucleic Acids
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)—Double Stranded
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)—Single Stranded
Main Goal
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8dk5iS1f0
3 Parts of a nucleotide:Nitrogen base5 carbon
sugar(deoxyribose/ribose)
Phosphate Group
The basic building blocks for DNA or RNA
What is a Nucleotide?
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There are 4 nitrogen bases making up 4 different nucleotides
Nucleotides
Purines
Pyrimidines
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
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Contributors to the Discovery of DNA
Rosalind Franklin never truly received the credit she deserved. She was the first to use X-Ray diffraction to produce an image of a DNA molecule, which implied a
helix shape and the shape depended on the level of hydration.
Erwin Chargaff created Chargaff's Rule: DNA will have an equal number of guanines and cytosines
because they bond together, as is true for adenine and thymine. This led to his suggestion that nitrogen bases paired “Complimentary” to one another.
Watson and Crick are famous due to winning the Nobel Prize in 1962 for
putting together all of the data collected to show the final structure of DNA—a
double helix
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More on Chargaff's Rules
DNA contains the same amount of adenosine as thymine
DNA contains the same amount of cytosine as guanine
What does this imply about the nitrogen bases and how they bond?
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DNA is like a _________ ladder…called a Double
Helix.The sides are alternating sugar and phosphate groups
The rungs are the nitrogen bases.
A always forms a double Hydrogen bond with T
G always forms a triple Hydrogen bond with C
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The relationship of DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hT1Xn-Gk6Wc
RNA compared to DNA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Elo-zX1k8M
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What is RNA?
A helper molecule of DNA
Have the ability to leave the nucleus
RNA stands for RiboNucleic Acid, and its sugar is Ribose
RNA is single stranded
RNA uses Uracil (U) instead of the base Thymine (T)
What are the bonding rules for the RNA bases?
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When nitrogen bases pair together it is called Complimentary Base Pairing.
DNA Sample Strand:T A C C G C T A C C A
T
What will the complimentary strand of DNA be?
What will the complimentary strand of RNA be?
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What differences and similarities have you discovered about DNA and RNA?
Compare and Contrast them in the Venn Diagram below:
DNA RNA
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1. Another name for Ribonucleic Acid: ________2. Another name for Deoxyribonucleic Acid: ______3. In DNA Adenine always pairs with _______? 4. In both DNA and RNA Guanine always pairs with _______?5. In RNA adenine pairs with _______?6. In both DNA and RNA, the backbone of the molecules is made up of ________ and _______.
Check your Understanding…