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Low-Cost Programmable Air Quality Sensor Kits in Science Education Bjørn Fjukstad, Nina Angelvik, Maria Wulff Hauglann, Joachim Sveia Knutsen, Morten Grønnesby, Hedinn Gunhildrud, and Lars Ailo Bongo

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Page 1: Low-Cost Programmable Air Quality Sensor Kits in Science ...fjukstad.github.io/research/air-quality-sigcse-presentation.pdfLow-Cost Programmable Air Quality Sensor Kits in Science

Low-Cost Programmable Air Quality Sensor Kits in Science Education Bjørn Fjukstad, Nina Angelvik, Maria Wulff Hauglann, Joachim Sveia Knutsen, Morten Grønnesby, Hedinn Gunhildrud, and Lars Ailo Bongo

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Luftforurensing

ITROMSØ ONSDAG 8. MARS 2017 19

En mann er siktet etter dødsulyk-ken på E8 mandag.Det var Lars Johan Lingrasmo (83) fra Bals-fjord som mistet livet i trafikkulykken mandag. Det bekrefter kommunikasjons-sjef ved Troms politidistrikt, Anders Asp-aas, til iTromsø.

En mann er foreløpig siktet for uaktsom kjøring etter dødsulykken på E8.

– Mannen er foreløpig siktet for overtre-

delse av veitrafikkloven § 31 første ledd jf. § 3. Etter det politiet kjenner til så langt har bilen han var fører av kommet over i motgående kjørefelt og traff møtende bil i fronten. Siktede vil bli avhørt, hans fører-kort er midlertidig beslaglagt av politiet, skriver Troms politidistrikt i en pressemel-ding.

– Den siktede var alvorlig skadet, men er stabil nok til å gjennomføre et avhør. Det skal vi få til i løpet av dagen, sa politi-

advokat Linn Eidissen til iTromsø i går.Hun forteller at mannen er rundt 40 år.– Jeg ønsker ikke å gå ut med flere detal-

jer rundt den siktede. Vi skal også gjøre avhør av avdødes kone, som også befinner seg på UNN, sier Eidissen.

Politiet informerer om at det vil bli gjort teknisk undersøkelse av de invol-verte kjøretøyene.

Like etter klokken 13.00 mandag meldte politiet om ei trafikkulykke mel-

lom tre personbiler på Lauksletta på E8. Totalt fire personer var involvert i ulyk-ken, to av dem satt fastklemt etter ulyk-ken. En av dem var Lingrasmo. De tre andre, to kvinner og en mann, ble frak-tet til UNN.

LENA VERÅS [email protected] [email protected]

Siktet for uaktsom kjøring

Med åtte mobile senso-rer skal elevene i For-skerklassen på Kongsbakken videregå-ende skole måle hvor mye luftforurensning det er i byen.Tromsø er en av byene i Nor-ge med høyt antall overskri-delser av svevestøvforekomster. I dag finnes det bare to målestasjo-ner som gir folk oppdatert informasjon om luftkvalite-ten, og hvilke helsemessig betydning luftkvaliteten kan ha for utsatte grupper.

Åtte elevgrupperI disse dager er elevene i For-skerklassen på Kongsbakken videregående skole i ferd med å klargjøre måleappara-ter som de skal bruke utover vinteren og våren, for å samle inn data om luftkvaliteten.

– Vi sliter med GPS-en. Så måtte vi file litt for å få plass til delene i boksen, sier Nora Mølmann, Oda Slettjord og Ann-Kristin Schleis, mens de holder dataene fra sensorene opp på pc-en.

De siste ukene har åtte grupper i Forskerklassen bygd og programmert hvert sitt apparat med sensorer som de skal bruke for å samle inn data om luftkvaliteten. Måleapparatet består av en innebygd GPS, støv-, luftfuk-tighets- og temperaturmåler, og et minnekort.

Samarbeidsprosjekt– Boksen kan vi henge på sko-lesekken for å måle mens vi går til og fra skolen, eller ta med når vi er ute på fritida, forteller jentene.

Luftmålingsprosjektet er et samarbeid mellom Skolelabo-ratoriet i Realfag og Teknolo-gi ved UiT, Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU), Meteo-rologisk institutt, Nordnorsk Vitensenter og Kongsbakken videregående skole.

Formålet er å måle luftkva-liteten ulike steder i byen,

spesielt langs skoleveien, for å undersøke hva det er som skaper dårlig luft og mye sve-vestøv, og hvor det er verst.

Alle luftdata skal legges ut på nettsiden http://luft.cs.uit.no/ hvor hvem som vil kan følge med hvor mye støv det er langs skoleveien.

Skryter av eleveneTirsdag var det full aktivitet i Forskerklassen med å få alle instrumentene i senso-rene til å fungere.

– Vi må kode sensorene, det er vanskeligst, synes Nora, Ann-Kristin og Oda.

Fredag starter elevene med å ta i bruk måleutsty-ret.

– Det går kjempebra. Elev-ene har bygd og program-mert alt selv, med et par utfordringer her og der. Hver gruppe har bestemt seg på hva de vil undersøke, og 26. april skal elevene presentere funnene sine på UiT, sier stipendiat Bjørn Fjukstad ved Institutt for Informatikk på UiT.

Faglige utfordringerElevene i Forskerklassen går andre året på Kongsbakken. I fjor bygde de en liten satellitt som de sendte opp fra rakett-skytefeltet på Andøya.

– Det er første gang vi må-ler luft og er en videreføring av det de gjorde med satellit-ten. Dette er med på å gi el-vene faglige utfordringer, samtidig som de er med på faktisk forskning. Dataene de samler inn skal brukes av en mastergradsstudent på UiT, sier lektor Joachim Knutsen.

SpennendeSelv om veiene er dekket av snø akkurat nå, har det ikke noe å si for måleprosjektet.

– Målingene fortsetter ut-over våren, da vil man se for-skjell fra snø til bare veier. Det blir spennende å se om de får utslag på instrumente-ne, sier Bjørn Fjukstad.

KJETIL [email protected] BENJAMINSEN (FOTO)[email protected]

Kongsbakken-elever skal måle kvaliteten på tromsølufta

MÅLEAPPARAT: Med dette apparatet skal elevene måle luftkvalite-ten i Tromsø.

UNGE FORSKERE: Nora Mølmann (fra venstre), Oda Slettjord og Ann-Kristin Schleis i Forskerklassen på Kongsbakken videregående skole jobber for å få GPS-en på luftmålerapparatet til å fungere.

NETTSIDE: Ann-Kristin Schleis sjekker nettsiden hvor måledataene skal legges inn.

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Arctic circle

Who I am

• PhD Student in Computer Science focusing on visualization and analysis of genomic data

• Coordinated the local coding club for over 3 years

• As a part of my position I teach coding classes to schools

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Project Summary• Students build and code sensor kits to study air quality in their local

environment

• We provide an open platform to store and explore the collected data

• Pilot study in a Norwegian upper secondary school, now in 10 schools across Northern Norway

• Pedagogical resources with lectures and tutorials

• Everything is open-sourced at airbit.uit.no

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Motivation• Digital skills are poorly expressed in the different subjects throughout

Norwegian education.

• Norway falling behind due to lack of courses, lack of teacher courses, teaching material.

• Norwegian students simply use technology, they don’t develop any new technology

• In the upper secondary school they have a “Technology” subject with room for larger projects

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Air Pollution

• A global health issue that reduces quality of life in polluted areas and causes diseases.

• The Norwegian government continuously monitor and create air pollution forecasts

• In Northern Norway the air quality is rapidly changing during the winter months mainly due to cars with studded winter tyres and emissions from diesel powered cars

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Our Course

• Maker inspired citized science project where students study air-quality patterns in their community

• Introduce computer-science and engineering in Norwegian upper secondary schools

• Teachers and students choose what to study and can tailor the course to fit the class

ITROMSØ ONSDAG 8. MARS 2017 19

En mann er siktet etter dødsulyk-ken på E8 mandag.Det var Lars Johan Lingrasmo (83) fra Bals-fjord som mistet livet i trafikkulykken mandag. Det bekrefter kommunikasjons-sjef ved Troms politidistrikt, Anders Asp-aas, til iTromsø.

En mann er foreløpig siktet for uaktsom kjøring etter dødsulykken på E8.

– Mannen er foreløpig siktet for overtre-

delse av veitrafikkloven § 31 første ledd jf. § 3. Etter det politiet kjenner til så langt har bilen han var fører av kommet over i motgående kjørefelt og traff møtende bil i fronten. Siktede vil bli avhørt, hans fører-kort er midlertidig beslaglagt av politiet, skriver Troms politidistrikt i en pressemel-ding.

– Den siktede var alvorlig skadet, men er stabil nok til å gjennomføre et avhør. Det skal vi få til i løpet av dagen, sa politi-

advokat Linn Eidissen til iTromsø i går.Hun forteller at mannen er rundt 40 år.– Jeg ønsker ikke å gå ut med flere detal-

jer rundt den siktede. Vi skal også gjøre avhør av avdødes kone, som også befinner seg på UNN, sier Eidissen.

Politiet informerer om at det vil bli gjort teknisk undersøkelse av de invol-verte kjøretøyene.

Like etter klokken 13.00 mandag meldte politiet om ei trafikkulykke mel-

lom tre personbiler på Lauksletta på E8. Totalt fire personer var involvert i ulyk-ken, to av dem satt fastklemt etter ulyk-ken. En av dem var Lingrasmo. De tre andre, to kvinner og en mann, ble frak-tet til UNN.

LENA VERÅS [email protected] [email protected]

Siktet for uaktsom kjøring

Med åtte mobile senso-rer skal elevene i For-skerklassen på Kongsbakken videregå-ende skole måle hvor mye luftforurensning det er i byen.Tromsø er en av byene i Nor-ge med høyt antall overskri-delser av svevestøvforekomster. I dag finnes det bare to målestasjo-ner som gir folk oppdatert informasjon om luftkvalite-ten, og hvilke helsemessig betydning luftkvaliteten kan ha for utsatte grupper.

Åtte elevgrupperI disse dager er elevene i For-skerklassen på Kongsbakken videregående skole i ferd med å klargjøre måleappara-ter som de skal bruke utover vinteren og våren, for å samle inn data om luftkvaliteten.

– Vi sliter med GPS-en. Så måtte vi file litt for å få plass til delene i boksen, sier Nora Mølmann, Oda Slettjord og Ann-Kristin Schleis, mens de holder dataene fra sensorene opp på pc-en.

De siste ukene har åtte grupper i Forskerklassen bygd og programmert hvert sitt apparat med sensorer som de skal bruke for å samle inn data om luftkvaliteten. Måleapparatet består av en innebygd GPS, støv-, luftfuk-tighets- og temperaturmåler, og et minnekort.

Samarbeidsprosjekt– Boksen kan vi henge på sko-lesekken for å måle mens vi går til og fra skolen, eller ta med når vi er ute på fritida, forteller jentene.

Luftmålingsprosjektet er et samarbeid mellom Skolelabo-ratoriet i Realfag og Teknolo-gi ved UiT, Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU), Meteo-rologisk institutt, Nordnorsk Vitensenter og Kongsbakken videregående skole.

Formålet er å måle luftkva-liteten ulike steder i byen,

spesielt langs skoleveien, for å undersøke hva det er som skaper dårlig luft og mye sve-vestøv, og hvor det er verst.

Alle luftdata skal legges ut på nettsiden http://luft.cs.uit.no/ hvor hvem som vil kan følge med hvor mye støv det er langs skoleveien.

Skryter av eleveneTirsdag var det full aktivitet i Forskerklassen med å få alle instrumentene i senso-rene til å fungere.

– Vi må kode sensorene, det er vanskeligst, synes Nora, Ann-Kristin og Oda.

Fredag starter elevene med å ta i bruk måleutsty-ret.

– Det går kjempebra. Elev-ene har bygd og program-mert alt selv, med et par utfordringer her og der. Hver gruppe har bestemt seg på hva de vil undersøke, og 26. april skal elevene presentere funnene sine på UiT, sier stipendiat Bjørn Fjukstad ved Institutt for Informatikk på UiT.

Faglige utfordringerElevene i Forskerklassen går andre året på Kongsbakken. I fjor bygde de en liten satellitt som de sendte opp fra rakett-skytefeltet på Andøya.

– Det er første gang vi må-ler luft og er en videreføring av det de gjorde med satellit-ten. Dette er med på å gi el-vene faglige utfordringer, samtidig som de er med på faktisk forskning. Dataene de samler inn skal brukes av en mastergradsstudent på UiT, sier lektor Joachim Knutsen.

SpennendeSelv om veiene er dekket av snø akkurat nå, har det ikke noe å si for måleprosjektet.

– Målingene fortsetter ut-over våren, da vil man se for-skjell fra snø til bare veier. Det blir spennende å se om de får utslag på instrumente-ne, sier Bjørn Fjukstad.

KJETIL [email protected] BENJAMINSEN (FOTO)[email protected]

Kongsbakken-elever skal måle kvaliteten på tromsølufta

MÅLEAPPARAT: Med dette apparatet skal elevene måle luftkvalite-ten i Tromsø.

UNGE FORSKERE: Nora Mølmann (fra venstre), Oda Slettjord og Ann-Kristin Schleis i Forskerklassen på Kongsbakken videregående skole jobber for å få GPS-en på luftmålerapparatet til å fungere.

NETTSIDE: Ann-Kristin Schleis sjekker nettsiden hvor måledataene skal legges inn.

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Course contents• The air:bit project spans a semester, but classes

combine it with other projects

• Two-day teacher workshop

• Typical course structure

• Introduction and inspiration

• Kit assembly and configuration

• Data Collection and analysis

• Summarize findings in a report or presentation

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air:bit

• Arduino microcontroller

• Sensors: Dust, temperature, humidity, GPS

• Storage: Memory card

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air:bit detailsTable 1: A list of the di�erent components in the air:bitalong with their cost (as of August 2017).

Component Cost (USD)Arduino Uno microcontroller $3.14NEO6MV2 GPS module $8.19Sharp GP2Y1010AUOF optical dust sensor $5.99DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor $1.00SD Card reader and 16GB memory card $4.74Portable power bank $15.00Two indicator leds and resistors $1.00Custom PCB circuit board $2.00Total: $41.06

Institute of Air Research (NILU) and the Norwegian MeteorologicalInstitute (MET).

air:bitWe have designed the air quality sensor kit as a small microcon-troller based data logger that collects measurements of dust parti-cles, air temperature, air humidity, location, and time and date. Thekit is enclosed in a laser cut box, equipped with an external powersource that makes the kit portable and withstanding of di�erentweather conditions. Figure 1 shows the �rst prototype. The kit wasbuilt as simple as possible to facilitate use in an educational setting.Table 1 lists the di�erent components and their respective cost.

To simplify the assembly and soldering of the components to themicrocontroller we have designed a custom PCB circuit board. Thecircuit board has pre-de�ned pins for each sensor, and �ts on top ofthe popular Arduino UNO board. Figure 4a shows the underlyingcircuit and Figure 4b shows the custom designed PCB circuit board.

Students assemble the kit soldering the components to the cus-tom PCB circuit board. The sensors and circuit board is thenmounted on top of an Arduino UNO before enclosed in the pre-cutbox.

To program the air:bit we use the standard Arduino IDE togetherwith additional libraries to interface with the di�erent sensors.Through the Arduino IDE students code and upload programs tothe Arduino. Arduino programs are written in C++ and by the endof the project students will end up with a working solution at about150 lines of code. While this is the �nal version, we expect studentsto write at least 500 lines of code during the project to test sensorsand experiment with di�erent solutions. The Arduino IDE features aconsole for monitoring communication from the Arduino, allowingstudents to read data in real time from the di�erent sensors beforetaking it outside.

Since the kits are programmed in upper secondary school classeswhere both teachers and students have little or no coding experi-ence, we aim to keep the code as simple as possible. In the projectwe distribute example code to interface and collect data from theindividual sensors2. These are small 1̃00 lines of code examples thattypically take 20 minutes each to implement. The students mustwrite their own program that collects data from all sensors simul-taneously and write them to a memory card. We do not put any

2Available online at airbit.uit.no

restrictions on how their code should look like, the only restrictionis on the format of the output data written to the memory card.

We designed a simple data exchange format for the air:bit basedon the simple CSV �le format. Sensor kits create a single log �leand append to it as it collects new measurements. A line (row) inthe output �le is an observation and consist of measurements forall available sensors. Listing 2 shows an example data �le. Usingsimple Arduino libraries students write the data �les to memorycards and they can view them using standard applications, such asExcel, on their laptops.

Listing 1: A simpli�ed code example to collect and print tem-perature and humidity data from a DHT sensor every sec-ond.vo id s e tup ( ) {

S e r i a l . b eg in ( 9 6 0 0 ) ; / / S t a r t S e r i a l communicat ion todht . beg in ( ) ; / / r e c e i v e messages from the Arduino

} / / and i n i t i a l i z e the DHT sen so r .

vo id loop ( ) {/ / C o l l e c t da t a and p r i n t them .f l o a t humid i ty = dht . readHumidi ty ( ) ;f l o a t t empe ra tu r e = dht . r eadTempera ture ( ) ;S e r i a l . p r i n t ( t empe ra tu r e ) ;S e r i a l . p r i n t ( " , " ) ;S e r i a l . p r i n t ( humid i ty ) ;S e r i a l . p r i n t ( " \ n " ) ;d e l ay ( 1 0 0 0 ) ;

}

Listing 2: Example data �le. Every line in the �le is a mea-surement.Time and date , L a t i t u d e , Longi tude , Dust , Temperature , Humidity2 6 / 1 0 / 2 0 1 6 1 8 : 4 8 : 4 1 , 6 9 . 6 8 2 1 2 1 , 1 8 . 9 7 8 9 8 5 , 8 8 . 9 8 , 2 1 . 0 0 , 2 0 . 0 02 6 / 1 0 / 2 0 1 6 1 8 : 4 8 : 4 6 , 6 9 . 6 8 2 1 1 4 , 1 8 . 9 7 8 9 5 2 , 9 5 . 7 0 , 2 2 . 0 0 , 1 7 . 0 02 6 / 1 0 / 2 0 1 6 1 8 : 4 8 : 5 1 , 6 9 . 6 8 2 1 1 4 , 1 8 . 9 7 8 8 9 1 , 9 9 . 0 6 , 2 2 . 0 0 , 1 7 . 0 02 6 / 1 0 / 2 0 1 6 1 8 : 4 8 : 5 5 , 6 9 . 6 8 2 1 0 6 , 1 8 . 9 7 8 8 6 5 , 9 8 . 2 2 , 2 2 . 0 0 , 1 7 . 0 0

. . .

Backend data storageWe built a backend cloud based data storage system to handle thelarge quantities of student data. Students upload data directly fromtheir memory cards to the backed system. The backend also servesqueries for air quality data within given time intervals. Since wewant to support a query-like interface to the collected air qualitydata, we used a relational database to build the backend storagesystem. Student access a lightweight web interface to upload data�les from the air:bits, which are parsed and inserted into the data-base represented by a record for each measurement. Records areindexed using a combination of the time and date, and location.Invalid records are rejected and users will receive an error messageto indicate any invalid data or formatting. The backend data stor-age system exposes a small REST API to allow the frontend (andother applications) to retrieve air quality data. The API will acceptqueries to retrieve all data within a given time interval. There isno limitation on the length of the time interval, and the API willreturn a single �le with all measurements within the time period.

Frontend visualizationTo simplify the process of accessing the collected air quality data,we built a web application. Students and the public can exploreair quality data from the last 24 hours, or view and downloaddata from any time period. The web application is built around a

(a) The Air Quality Sensor Kit circuit diagram. (b) The custom PCB Arduino shield.

Figure 4: air:bit circuit diagram and custom PCB.

Figure 5: Screenshot from the web application for exploringcollected air quality measurements.

paneled visualization consisting of a map with measurement pointsplotted at their geographical location, in addition to other lineplots visualizing the di�erent measurements over time. Figure 5shows a screenshot from an early version the web application withmeasurements from two di�erent air:bits carried around in Tromsø,Norway.

EXPERIENCESOur course has been delivered once in spring 2017 at the Universityof Tromsø to science students at a local High School (Kongsbakken

Vidergående Skole). The class consisted of 26 students divided intogroups of 3-4 students. The teacher formed groups consisting ofstudents at the same level of experience. The students had varyingprevious experience with soldering, and no one except one studenthad coding experience.

The assembly of the kit went almost without any issues. Thegroups had to present their soldering to one in the sta� beforemoving on to the coding. This allowed us to verify their soldering.We observed that students took turns soldering, and o�ered eachother help. It was clear that some students had done more priorsoldering than others.

Coding the kit was a more challenging task. Since most studentshad little experience writing software, it was oftentimes not clearthat they understood the structure of a program and where tostart debugging it. The Arduino IDE helped a bit, but most groupshad di�culties completing the coding without any help from theinstructors. We believe that this is related to the minimal codeexamples and instructions we provided the students. An interestingpoint made by one of the students was that it would be helpful withsome tool (test suite) that could verify that their implementationwas correct.

The students collected data over a 2 month period, each groupdeciding on when and where to bring their kits on their own. Thisresulted in measurements from di�erent areas over di�erent timeperiods. We believe that this stems from our instructions not be-ing clear enough that they should focus on collecting data at thesame locations and time of day to make the interpretation simpler.One group ended up with mounting the kit outside their houseto simplify data collection. Another group also photographed theroad while they were collecting dust data to quantify the amountof snow and ice later.

Due to the scattered data points, the students experienced somedi�culties interpreting the data. Because of this, groups with ’good’

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Coding

• We provide example code and tutorials for each component

• Students assemble a fully working solution themselves

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Online Resources

• Website for students and educators

• Tutorials on how to assemble the kit as well as coding examples

• Upload and explore collected air quality data

• Online at airbit.uit.no

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Air Pollution Data Analysis Platform for Computer Science Education ProjectsNina Angelvik

[email protected]

Department of Computer Science, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway

Air quality sensor k it

Amazon EC2

airbit.uit.no

App Engine

Rails web server Cloud Storage

Cloud Pub/Sub

Cloud SQL

Files

Data

Workers

Coding, science project, electronics, air quality

Cloud computing, data analysis platform

The platform is used in science education projects where upper secondary school students build and code their own air quality sensor kits before investigating a research question by analyzing their collected data. The sensor kit registers time, location, temperature, humidity and dust particles, and stores the data as a CSV file on an on-board SD card

The uploaded data files are sent to our backend storage solution using HTTP REST APIs. This part of the platform in the App Engine flexible environment, one of the many microservices provided by the Google Cloud Platform

(GCP) Platform as a Service (PaaS). The files are stored in Cloud Storage, before their content is enqueued in a Cloud Pub/Sub task queue. Workers will thenasynchronously poll the queue, and parse and insert the data into a Cloud

SQL database.

Data analysis, air quality patterns, visualization, data integration

We have built a web application where the students can upload, download, query and visualize their data. It also integrates the student data sets with climate data from external sources, such as The Norwegian Institute for Air Research. The application is deployed on Amazon

Web Services

During spring 2018, ten school classes in Northern Norway are using the platform to study air quality patterns across Northern Norway.

Spring 2018

Visit our platform at: http://airbit.uit.no

App Engine, autoscaling, cost estimates

The App Engine flexible environment • Built by a master student, Nina Angelvik, presented as a poster here at ACM SIGCSE 2018

• We store all data in a SQL database on Google Cloud Platform

Air Pollution Data Analysis Platform

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Note on Privacy

• Students are given information on how the data is used and stored

• We have consent from the participating students to share the data

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Air Pollution Engagement Projects• Friskby Bergen (friskby.no) a

Norwegian project similar to ours where they use a Raspberry Pi connected by WiFi

• hackAIR (hackair.eu) is a European project to engage citizens in air pollution

• Luftdaten (luftdaten.info) is a project from Germany where they host workshops and events

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Experiences and lessons learned

• Given once in 2017 in a class of 26 students in groups of 3-4.

• Assembly and soldering without any major issues

• Coding was by far the most challenging part of the course

Figure 2: Students soldering di�erent components of the airquality sensor kits to the custom PCB Arduino Shield.

Another is to use Arduinos in Physics experiments in the areas ofOptics, Thermodynamics, and Waves.[19]

COURSE CONTENTSOur course has been given once in spring 2017 at UiT The ArcticUniversity of Norway to science students at a local High School, andis planned again in spring 2018 across 10 upper secondary schoolsacross Northern Norway. We host the course at the university bothto recruit new students but also as a part of the outreach programat the university.

To make the course �t into di�erent subjects in the upper sec-ondary school in Norway, we have surveyed the relevant subjectsand their speci�c learning goals and requirements. By creating aproject where students build, code and use a sensor kit to investi-gate air pollution we cover learning outcomes from the subjectsTechnology and Research Learning (Teknologi og Forskningslære),Physics (Fysikk), Chemistry (Kjemi), Information Technology (In-formasjonsteknologi), and Mathematics (Matematikk for realfag).

The course is run over the duration of a semester and given infour segments; �rst an introduction to air quality and research onthe topic; a hands-on introduction to electronics and coding, aswell as assembling and coding the air:bit; air quality data collection;and �nally an evaluation where students summarize their work ina written report and/or a presentation. We followed the students’presentations both to get an overview of their learning outcomeand get feedback on the project.

Figure 3: Students browsing their collected air quality dataon the web site.

The course is designed for students in Norwegian upper sec-ondary school, typically around 17-18 years old. Students may havesome experience with basic circuits and electronics through scienceclasses, but since there are no mandatory courses on computer pro-gramming so we do not expect any prior experience with coding.We can expect them to have basic computer skills and access toindividual laptops.

As for the teaching sta� at the individual institutions we cannotexpect them to have more knowledge on air quality, microcon-trollers, or extensive coding experience. Prior to the project wetherefore invite teachers for an intensive two-day workshop thattake the teachers through the four segments of the course. We hostthis two-day workshop at our department.

Following the two-day workshop teachers will return to theirschools with parts and instructions to complete the course at theirrespective institutions. We provide an online forum for questionsand answers, both from students and teachers, if they encounter anydi�culties with assembling, coding or collecting data. The projectis typically run in the spring months to capture the changing airquality from winter to spring.

In the course, teachers can themselves choose if they want toprovide research questions to the students or if they want studentsto develop these themself. The imporant point is that the studentsall contribute to a large database with air quality measurements, buteach student group each decide on what aspect of air pollution theywant to investigate. For example, one student group investigatedthe relationship between snow coverage of roads and dust particlesin the air.

SENSOR KIT AND CLOUD COMPUTEINFRASTRUCTUREIn this section we describe our air quality measurement kit, itsrelevant documentation, the backend storage system, and the fron-tend visualization platform. The students collect air quality dataand upload it to the backend storage system. To view and down-load data, users access a frontend web application. This applicationinterfaces with both student-collected data in our local backendstorage system, as well as open air quality data from the Norwegian

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Future directions

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New design

PM2.5 / PM10 -40 - 80°C ± 0.5°C

0 - 50°C ±2°C

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11 schools this spring

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• Created an online community for participating teachers

• Q&A

• Sharing experiences and helping other teachers

Community

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Reusing the air:bit

• Reuse the completed kit in lower grades

• One class will reuse the kit for a “hiking trail mapping assignment” where they will map different hiking trails using the air:bit

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Data Science?

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airbit.uit.no

Low-Cost Programmable Air Quality Sensor Kits in Science Education Bjørn Fjukstad, Nina Angelvik, Maria Wulff Hauglann, Joachim Sveia Knutsen, Morten Grønnesby, Hedinn Gunhildrud, and Lars Ailo Bongo

fjukstad.github.io /