Louvre- MuseumUnder Louis XIV (17th cent.) it

housed royal artifacts. 1793 under Robespierre, it opens as a museum

Eiffel Tower- 1889 built as an entrance for the World’s Fair

Moulin Rouge- cabaret built in 1899

Cathedral of Notre Dame- “Our Lady” built in the 12th century. Home to events during the Age of

Louis XIV, French Revolution, and coronation of Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. Damaged at times

by: Radicals, Huguenots, and WWII

Arc de Triomph – 1806 under Napoleon after the French victory at

Austerlitz

Paris= The “It” place to be

Many of our Founding Fathers “studied abroad” during the American Revolution in Paris– Studies culture, music, government, architecture

etc. – France actually became the “center” of all things

secular, and the world during the 17th Century.

King Louis XIV- The Sun King 1643-1715

The Rise of the Sun King

– Foundations of Absolutism in France

• Cardinal Richelieu *– Louis XIII’s chief minister helped

STRENGTHEN the monarchy

– Did this by: Controlled will of the nobles, executed conspirators, and controlled the Huguenots

• Cardinal Mazzarin– RAN the country when Louis XIII

died!

– Continued with Richelieus policies

– Nobles held MAJOR rebellions known at the Fronde- who were against absolute rule in France

Achievements VERSAILLES PALACE

– French Culture thrived at Versailles– “Court Life” – Etiquette and manners

Baroque Art– Louis XIV was a patron of the Arts– Literature, plays, music, and art thrive in France

Trade/economy– Built roads, canals, and improved trade– Better/more products and goods for exporting (under

Colbert) Army

– Well trained, vast, and powerful

Young Louis XIVYoung Louis XIV

L’ouis XIVL’ouis XIV

L’ouis XIVL’ouis XIV

L’ etat c’est moi!

L’ etat c’est moi!

ByHyacinthe

Rigaud

ByHyacinthe

Rigaud

Louis XIV’s CarriageLouis XIV’s Carriage

The Bourbon Family Crest

The Bourbon Family Crest

L’ ouis XIV as Apollo

L’ ouis XIV as Apollo

by Jean Nocret, by Jean Nocret, 16701670

The Sun SymbolThe Sun Symbol

Louis XIV Giani Lorenzo Bernini, 1665

Louis XIV Giani Lorenzo Bernini, 1665

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Versailles StatisticsVersailles Statisticsf 2,000 acres of groundsf 12 miles of roadsf Cost (in today’s standards- $240,000,000) f 200,000 treesf 210,000 flowers planted every yearf 80 miles of rows of treesf12 miles of enclosing wallsf 50 fountains and 620 fountain nozzlesf 21 miles of water conduitsf 26 acres of rooff 51,210 square meters of floorsf 2,153 windowsf 700 roomsf 67 staircasesf 6,000 paintingsf 1,500 drawings and 15,000 engravingsf 2,100 sculptures f 5,000 items of furniture and objects d'artf 150 varieties of apple and peach trees in the Vegetable

Garden

Louis XIII’s Old Chateau

Louis XIII’s Old Chateau

Versailles TodayVersailles Today

Palais de VersaillesPalais de Versailles

Palais de VersaillesPalais de Versailles

Versailles Palace,Park Side

Versailles Palace,Park Side

Garden View of Versailles

Garden View of Versailles

Chateau de Versailles

Chateau de Versailles

Chateau de Versailles

Chateau de Versailles

Versailles’ Northern Gardens

Versailles’ Northern Gardens

Gardens at Versailles

Gardens at Versailles

Chateau de Versailles Gardens

Chateau de Versailles Gardens

The OrangeryThe Orangery

Grounds at Versailles

Grounds at Versailles

Fountains, Fountains, and More Fountains!Fountains, Fountains, and More Fountains!

And More Fountains!

And More Fountains!

And More Fountains!And More Fountains!

And Even More Fountains!!!

And Even More Fountains!!!

Temple of LoveTemple of Love

Hall of

Mirrors

Hall of

Mirrors

The Queen’s

Bed

The Queen’s

Bed

The King’s Bed

The King’s Bed

Louis XIV’s Chapel

Louis XIV’s Chapel

Louis XIV’s Chapel Altarpiece

Louis XIV’s Chapel Altarpiece

Organ in Louis XIV’s Chapel

Organ in Louis XIV’s Chapel

Louis XIV’s Opera Stage

Louis XIV’s Opera Stage

Cabinet with Views

of Versailles, 19c

Cabinet with Views

of Versailles, 19c

CONTROL CONTROL OVER HIS PEOPLE

– TAXATION: • Fell heavily upon the 3rd Estate (peasantry that

made up 80%) – RELIGION:

• Revoked Edict of Nantes (by his grandfather Henry IV)

• “One King, One law, One faith”• Destroyed Huguenot churches and closed

Protestant schools– NOBLES:

• Very little political power, kept them “busy” at Versailles

Government and ruling

Law making body, the Estates General did not meet

Removed royal princes and nobles from his council

Was central policy making figure Parlements (court of appeals) were weakened

War

Fought FOUR major wars– *Most important was the last one,War of Spanish

Succession (he lost)• Wanted Bourbon Dynasty to control Spain and France

• Ends with the PEACE OF UTRECHT 1713– Balance of power in is Europe stable and peaceful

– England- gains French territory in America

– France- devastated financially, famine, new enemies

Quote by Louis XIV on his deathbed….. Did he really mean it?

“I urge you not to forget your duty to God; remember that you owe everything to Him…. Do not follow me in overspending. Take advice in everything; try to find the best course and follow it. Lighten your people’s burden as soon as possible, and do what I have had the misfortune of not doing.”