GEORGE T. TSAO Professor Emeritus School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907 Phone: (317) 494-4068 and 494-7024; Fax: 765-494-4068; E-mail: tsaogt@ecn.purdue.edu

Education:

B.S. Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1953

M.S. Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, 1956

Ph.D. Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, January 1960

Honors:

Founding Fellow, American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, 1992.

John Ericsson Award for "Outstanding Achievement" in Renewable Energy, presented by Department of Energy, Washington, DC, November, 1988.

Marvin Johnson Research Award, American Chemical Society, 1987.

David Perlman Lectureship, American Chemical Society, 1986.

Shreve Best Teacher Award, Purdue University, 1984

Professional Society Memberships:

American Institute of Chemical Engineering (AIChE)

American Chemical Society (ACS)

American Society of Microbiology (ASM)

Experience:

Visiting Professor, recalled by Purdue University to come back to work on biofuels, March 15, 2007

Honorary Professor, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangxu, China, October 15, 2006

Honorary Professor, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangxu, China, January 1, 2006

Professor Emeritus, full retirement from Purdue University, January 1, 2006

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Half retirement from Purdue University, starting January 1, 2001.

Visiting Professor, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, January 1, 2001 – December 31, 2002.

Visiting Professor, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, China, January 1, 1996-May 12, 1996.

Visiting Professor, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, September 3, 1995-December 31, 1995.

Director, Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), Purdue University, July 1977-May, 1999.

Associate Director, Food Science Institute, Purdue University, November 1975 to 1980.

Professor, Food and Agricultural Engineering, Purdue University, October 1975, to present.

Professor, Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, August 1975, to present.

Visiting Professor, Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, August 1974, to July 1975.

Visiting Scientist, Chemical Engineering, Cambridge University (on leave from Iowa State University), May 1971, to November 1971.

Program Manager, Enzyme Technology and Extractive Metallurgy Programs National Science Foundation, January 1973 to June 1974. (On leave from Iowa State University) Professor, Chemical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, July 1970 to August 1974. Associate Professor, Chemical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, November 1966 to July 1970.

Assistant Director of Research, Union Starch, a Division of Miles Laboratories, Inc., January 1965 to November 1966. Section Leader, Union Starch, October 1962 to January 1965. Research Chemist, Fundamental Research Branch, Division of Chemical Development, Tennessee Valley Authority, June 1961 to October 1962

Chemical Engineer, Process Development, Merck & Co., Inc., June 1960 to May 1961

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Journal Papers:

Gu, T. Y, G. J. Tsai, and G. T. Tsao, “Synthesis of Rigid Cyclodextrin-Containing Polymeric Resins for Adsorption,” Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry, 56, 375-379 (2006)

Huang, W. C., C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, “Effect of Pressure Pulsation on Oxygen Transfer Rate Measured bySulfite Method,” Applied Biochem and Biotechnology, 105-108, 471-480 (2003)

Yang, X., T. Huang, and G. T. Tsao, "Pressure Pulsation in Solid-Phase Fermentation." Applied Biochem. Biotechnol. 99-100, 599-610 (2002).

Huang, H., C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, "Production of 1,3-Propanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae." Applied Biotechm. Biotechnol. 99-100, 687-698 (2002).

Huang, W. C., C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, "Enhancement of Oxygen Transfer by Pressure Pulsation in Aqueous Glycerol Fermentation," Applied Biotechm. Biotechnol. 99-100, 909 - 920 (2002).

Gong, C. S., J. X. Du, N. J. Cao and G. T. Tsao, “Co-Production Ethanol and Glycerol by Yeasts,” Applied Biochem. Biotechnol. 84-86, 543-559 (2000).

Zhou, Y., J. Du, and G. T. Tsao, “Investigation of Mycelial Pellet Formation by Rhizopus oryzae ATCC 20344,” Applied Biocehm Biotechnol. 84-86, (2000).

Tsao, G. T., N. J. Cao, and C. S. Gong, “Repeated Solid Phase Fermentation and Extraction for Enzyme Production,” Applied Biochem. Biotechnol 84-86, 505-524 (2000).

George T. Tsao, Liming Xia, Ningjun Cao, Cheng S. Gong, "Solid State Fermentation with Aspergillus niger for Cellobiase Production," Applied Biochem. Biotechnol 84-86, 743-749 (2000)

Dominguez, J. M., Ningjun Cao, C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, "Ethanol Production from Xylose with the Yeast Pichia stipitis and Simultaneous Product Recovery by Gas Stripping Using a Gas-Lift Loop Fermentor with Attached Side-Arm (GLSA)", Biotechnol. Bioeng. 67, 336-343 (1999).

Gong, C. S., N. J. Cao, J. X. Du, and G. T. Tsao, “Ethanol Production from Renewable Resources.” Advance Biochem. Eng./Biotechnol. 65, 207-241 (1999).

Tsao, G. T., N. J. Cao, J. X. Du and C. S. Gong, “Production of Multifunctional Organic Acids from Renewable Resources,” Advances Biochem Eng./Biotechnol. 65, 243-286 (1999).

Krishnan, M. S., Nancy Ho, and G. T. Tsao, “Fermentation Kinetics of Ethanol Production from Glucose and Xylose by Recombinanat Saccharomyces 1400(pLNH 33),” Applied Biochem. Biotechnol. 77-79, 373 (1999).

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Zhou, Y., J. M. Dominguez, N. Cao, J. Du, and G. T. Tsao, “Optimization o f L-Lactic Acid Production from Glucose by Rhizopus oryzae ATCC 52311,” Applied Biochem. Biotechnol. 77-79, 401 (1999).

Gong, C. S., N. J. Cao, and G. T. Tsao, “Organic Compounds, Cellulose Conversion,” a review, in Encyclopedia of Bioprocess Technology: Fermentation, Biocatalysis & Bioseparation. 1895-1905, (1999).

Tsao, G. T., N. J. Cao, and C. S. Gong, “Hemicellulose Conversion,” a review, in Encyclopedia of Bioprocess Technology: Fermentation, Biocatalysis, & Bioseparation. 1391-1400 (1999).

Zheng, Yizhou, H. M. Lin, and G. T. Tsao, “Pretreatment for Cellulose Hydrolysis by Carbon Dioxide Explosion,” Biotechnol. Prog. 14, 890-896 (1998).

Du, J. X., N. J. Cao, C. S. Gong and G. T. Tsao, “Production of L-Lactic Acid by Rhizopus oryzae in a Bubble Column Fermenter,” Applied Biochem. Biotechnol. 70-72, 323-329 (1998).

Wang, F. S., C. H. Jing, and G. T. Tsao, “Fuzzy Decision Making Problems of Fuel Ethanol Production Using a Genetically Engineered Yeast,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 37, 3434-3443 (1998).

Wang, X., C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, ”Production of L-Malic Acid via Biocatalysis Employing Wild type and Respiratory Deficient Yeasts.” Applied Biochem. Biotechnol. 70-72. 845-852 (1998).

Wang, X., C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, ”Bioconversion of Fumaric Acid to Succinic Acid by Recombinant E. coli,” Applied Biochem. Biotechnol. 70-72, 919-928 (1998).

Lark, N., Y. Xia, C. G. Qin, C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, “Production of Ethanol from Recycled Paper Sludge Using Cellulase and a Thermotolerant Yeast, Kloveromyces marxianus,” Biomass and Energy 12, 135-143 (1997)

Dominguez, J. M., C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, “Production of Xylitol from D-Xylose by Debrayomyces hansenii,” Applied Biochem. Biotechnol. 63-65 117 - 127 (1997).

Krishnan, M. S., Y. Xia, N. W. Y. Ho, and T. T. Tsao, “Fuel Ethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Sugars: Studies Using a Genetically Engineered Saccharomyces Yeast,” ACS Symp. on Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass, Series no. 666, 74 - 92 (1997).

Du, J. X., N. J. Cao, C. S. Gong, G. T. Tsao and Naiju Yuan, “Fumaric Acid Production in Airlift Loop Reactor with Porous Sparger,” Applied. Biochem. Biotechnol. 63-65 541-556 (1997).

Dominguez, J. M., N. J. Cao, M. S. Krishnan, C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, “Xylitol Production from Hybrid Poplar Wood Chips Pretreated by Ammonia Steeping Process,” Biotechnol. Techniques 11, 339-341 (1997).

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Gong, C. S., N. J. Cao, and G. T. Tsao, “Biological Productin of 2,3-Butanediol from Renewable Biomass,” ACS Symp. on Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass , Series no. 666, 280 - 293 (1997).

Cao, N. J., Y. K. Xia, C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, “Production of 2,3-Butanediol from Pretreated Corn Cob by Klebsiella oxytoca in the Presence of a Fungal Cellulase,,” Applied Biochem. Biotechnol. 63-65, 129-139 (1997).

Tsao, G. T., Y. Z. Zheng, and C. S. Gong, “Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions by Immobilized Phytic Acid,” Applied Biochem. Biotechnol. 63-65 731-741 (1997).

Cao, N. J., J. X. Du, C. S. Chen, C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, “Production of Fumaric Acid by Immobilized Rhizopus Using Rotary Biofilm Contactor,” Applied. Biochem. Biotechnol. 63-65 387-394 (1997).

Wang, X. , C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, “L-Malic Acid Production from Fumaric Acid by a Laboratory Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain SHY 2,” Biotechnol. Letters 18, 1441-1446 (1996).

Tsao, G. T., N. J. Cao, and C. S. Gong, “Improved Alcohol Production Employing SSF with Thermotolerant Yeast,” Bioenergy’96: Partnership to Develop and Apply Biomass Technologies, 358-362 (1996).

Cao, N. J., M. S. Krishnan, J. X. Du, C. S. Gong, N. W. Y. Ho, Z. D. Chen, and G. T. Tsao, “Ethanol Production from Corn Cob Pretreated by the Ammonia Steeping Process Using Genetically Engineered Yeast,” Biotechology Letters 18, 1013-1018 (1996).

Cao, N., J. Du, C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, “Simultaneous Production and Recovery of Fumaric Acid from Immobilized Rhizopus oryzae with a Rotary Biofilm Contactor and an Adsorption Column,” Applied Environ. Microbiology 62, 2926-2931 (1996).

Zheng, Y., X. Ting, P. Cen, C. W. Yang, and G. T. Tsao, “Lactic Acid Fermentation and Adsorption on PVP,” Applied Biochem. Biotechnology 57/58, 627-632 (1996). Gong, C. S., N. J. Cao, Y. Sun, and G. T. Tsao, "Production of L-Malic Acid from Fumaric Acid by Resting Cells of Brevibacterium sp.," Applied Biochem. Biotechnology. 57/58, 481-488 (1996). Zheng, Y., H. M. Lin, J. Wen, N. Cao, X, Yu, C. S. Gong and G. T. Tsao, "Avicel Hydrolysis by Cellulase Enzymes in Supercritical CO2” Biotechnology Letters.18/4, 451-454 (1996). Liu, D., S. Huang, M. Li, Y. Sun, T. Liu, F. Ouyang, and G. T. Tsao, "Improvement of Productivity of Yeast Cell with a Novel Air-Lift Loop Reactor," Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 57/58, 593-598 (1996). Dominquez, J. M., C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, "Pretreatment of Sugarcane Bagasse Hemicellulose Hydrolysate for Xylitol Production by Yeasts," Applied Biochem. Biotechnology 57/58 49-56 (1996).

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Srinivasan, N., N. Kasthurikrishnan, R. G. Cooks, M. S. Krishnan and G. T. Tsao, "On-line Monitoring with Feedback control of Bioreaactors using Ethanol Tolerance Yeast by Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry," Analytic Chimica Acta. 316, 269-276 (1995).

Yang, X. and G. T. Tsao, "Enhanced Acetone-Butanol Fermentation Using Repeated Fed-Batch Operation Coupled with Cell Recycle by Membranes and Simultaneous Removal of Inhibitory Product by Adsorption," Biotechnology and Bioengineering 47, 444-450 (1995).

Lu, Jean, L. B. Tsai, C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, "Effect of Nitrogen Source on Xylitol Production by Candida sp.L-102," Biotechnology Letters 17, 167-170 (1995).

Lee, C. Y., J. Wen, S. N. Thomas, W. N. Delgass, J. B. Grutzner, and G. T. Tsao, "Conversion of Biomass to Ethanol: Isomerization of Xylose over HY Zeolite." Applied Biochem. Biotechnol. 51, 29-41 (1995).

Xia, Y., X. Yu, and G. T. Tsao, "Identification of Required Nutrient Components of Yeast Nitrogen Base for Candida shehatae Fermenting Xylose to Ethanol," Biotechnology Letters 17, 161-166 (1995).

Krishnan, M. S., G. T. Tsao, N. Kasthurikrishnan, N. Srinivasan, and R. G. Cooks, "Process Engineering of High Ethanol Tolerance Yeast for the Manufacture of Ethanol," Applied Biochem. Biotechnol. 51, 479-493 (1995).

Lu, Z., C. W. Yang, and G. T. Tsao, "Fermentation of Xylose to Glycerol by Rhizopus javanicus," Applied Biochem. Biotechenol. 51, 83-95 (1995).

Zheng, Y. Z., H. M. Lin, and G. T. Tsao, “Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Explosion as a Pretreatment for Cellulose Hydrolysis,” Biotechnology Letters, 17(8), 845-850 (1995).

Yang, C. W., Z. Lu, and G. T. Tsao, "Lactic Acid Production by Pellet-Form Rhizopus oryzae in A Submerged System," Applied Biochem. Biotechnnol. 51 , 57-71 (1995).

Yang, X., and G. T. Tsao, "Mathematical Modeling of Inhibition Kinetics in Acetone-Butanol Fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum," Biotechnol. Progress , 10, 532-538 (1994).

Yang, X., G. J. Tsai, and G. T. Tsao, “Enhancement of in situ Adsorption on the Acetone-Butanol Fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum,” Sep. Technol., 4, 1-12 (1994).

Beronio, P. B. Jr., and G. T. Tsao, "Optimization of 2,3-Butanediol Production by Klebsiella oxytoca Through Oxygen Transfer Rate Contol," Biotechnol. Bioeng. 42, 1263-1269 (1993).

Berorio, P. B. Jr., and G. T. Tsao, "An Energetic Model for Oxygen-Limited Metabolism," Biotechnol. Bioeng. 42, 1270-1276 (1993).

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Lee, Ching-Yi, R-C. Ruaan, J. Wen, S. N. Thomas, W. N. Delgass, J. B. Grutzner, and G. T. Tsao, “Isomerization of Xylose over Zeolites in Xylose Fermentation,” Proceedings of Seminar on Biochem. Eng., 137-140, Taipei, Taiwan, China (1993).

Ruaan, R. C., G. J. Tsai, and G. T. Tsao, “Surface Area and Anchorage-Dependent Growth of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells,” Biotechnol. Progress, 9, 362-365 (1993).

Syu, M-J., and G. T. Tsao, “Neural Network Modeling of Batch Cell Growth Pattern,” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 42, 376-380 (1993).

Lee, W-C., G. J. Tsai, and G. T. Tsao, “Analysis of Chromatography by Plate Theory,” Sep. Technol., 3, 178-197 (1993).

Gu, T., G. J. Tsai, and G. T. Tsao, “Multicomponent Radial Flow Chromatography,” Adv. Biochem. Eng./Biotechnol., 49, 73-96 (1993).

Gu, T., G. J. Tsai, and G. T. Tsao, “Model of Non-linear Multicomponent Chromatography,” Adv. Biochem. Eng./Biotechnol., 49, 45-72 (1993).

Syu, M.-J., G. J. Tsai, and G. T. Tsao, “Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Adsorptive Separation,” in Adv. Biochem. Eng./Biotechnol. 49, 97-122 (1993)

Ruaan, R. C., G. J. Tsai, and G. T. Tsao, “Monitoring and Modeling Density-Dependent Growth of Mammalian Cell,” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 41, 380-389 (1993).

Cen, P., and G. T. Tsao, “Recent Advances in the Simultaneous Bioreaction and Product Separation Processes,” Sep. Technol., 3,1-18 (1993).

Truei, Y. H., T. Gu, G. J. Tsai, and G. T. Tsao, “Gradient Elution Chromatography,” Adv. Biochem. Eng./Biotechnol., 47, 1 (1992).

Gu, T., G. J. Tsai, and G. T. Tsao, “Multicomponent Affinity Radial Flow Chromatography,” Sep. Technol., 2, 176-182 (1992).

Toldra, F., N. B. Jansen, and G. T. Tsao, “Hydrolysis of Maltose and Cornstarch by Glucoamylase Immobilized in Porous Glass Fibres and Beads,” Proc. Biochem., 27, 177-181 (1992).

Austin, G. D., S. K. Sankhe, and G. T. Tsao, “Monitoring and Control of Methanol Concentration During Polysaccharide Fermentation Using an On-Line Methanol Sensor,” Bioprocess Engineering, 7, 241-247 (1992).

Tsai, G. J. and G. T. Tsao, “Dynamic Response of an Isothermal Three-Phase Slurry Reactor. II. The PM-PM-HS/ID Model: Analytical Solutions for Two Kinds of Batch Operation,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 47(6), 1461-1468 (1992).

Gu, T., Y. H. Truei, G. J. Tsai, and G. T. Tsao, “Modeling of Gradient Elution in Multicomponent Nonlinear Chromatography,” Chem. Eng. Sci., 47(1), 253-262 (1992).

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Tsai, G-J., G. D. Austin, M. J. Syu, G. T. Tsao, M. J. Hayward, T. Kotiaho, and R. G. Cooks, “Theoretical Analysis of Probe Dynamics in Flow Injection/Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry,” Anal. Chem., 63, 2460-2465 (1991).

Gu, T., G. J. Tsai, and G. T. Tsao, “Multicomponent Adsorption and Chromatography with Uneven Saturation Capacities,” AIChE J., 37(9), 1333-1340 (1991).

Kotiaho, T., F. R. Lauritsen, T. K. Choudhury, R. G. Cooks, and G. T. Tsao, “Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry,” Anal. Chem., 63(18), 875A-883A (1991).

Gu, T., G.-J. Tsai, and G. T. Tsao, “Simulation of Multicomponent Elution with the Mobile Phase Containing Competing Modifiers,” Sep. Technol., 1, 184-194 (1991).

Austin, G. D., G. T. Tsao, M. J. Hayward, T. Kotiaho, A. K. Lister, and R. G. Cooks, “Reaction Network Modeling of the Butanediol Fermentation Using Mass Spectrometric Data,” Proc. Control Qual., 1, 117-126 (1991).

Gu, T., G-J. Tsai, and G. T. Tsao, “A Theoretical Study of Multicomponent Radial Flow Chromatography,” Chem. Eng. Sci. 46 (5/6), 1279-1288 (1991).

Tsai, G. J. and G. T. Tsao, “Dynamic Response of an Isothermal Three-Phase Slurry Reactor. I. The PM-PM--HS/ID Model - Analytical Solutions for Continuous and Semi-batch Operations,” Chem. Eng. Sci. 46,(3), 889-900 (1991).

Tsai, G. J. and G. T. Tsao, “Dynamic Response and Parameter Estimation in a Two-Phase Continuous Flow Stirred Tank Reactor,” Chem. Eng. Sci. 46(3) 881-888 (1991)

Hayward, M. J., D. E. Riederer, T. Kotiaho, R. G. Cooks, G. D. Austin, M-J. Syu, and G. T. Tsao, “Bioreactor monitoring using flow injection/membrane introduction mass spectrometry with an ion trap detector,” Proc. Control Qual., 1, 105-116 (1991).

Celebi, S. S., G. J. Tsai, and G. T. Tsao, “Characterization of Immobilized Glucoamylase on Celite,” Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 27(2), 163-171 (1991).

Gu, T., G. J. Tsai, and G. T. Tsao, “Some Considerations for Optimization of Desorption Chromatography,” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 37, 65-70 (1991).

Toldra, F., N. B. Jansen, and G. T. Tsao, “Maltose Hydrolysis Kinetics with Glucoamylase Immobilized in Porous Glass Fibers in a Tubular Flow Reactor,” Die Nahrung 34, 10, 945-951 (1990).

Gu, T., G. T. Tsao, G-J. Tsai, and M. R. Ladisch, “Displacement Effect in Multicomponent Chromatography,” AIChE J. 36(8), 1156-1162 (Aug. 1990).

Austin, G. D., P. B. Beronio, Jr., and G. T. Tsao, “Biochemical Engineering Education Through Videotapes,” Chem. Eng. Educ. 24 (4), (1990).

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Hayward, M. J., T. Kotiaho, A. K. Lister, R. G. Cooks, G. D. Austin, R. Narayan, and G. T. Tsao, “On-Line Monitoring of Bioreactions of Bacillus polymyxa and Klebsiella oxytoca by Membrane Introduction Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Flow Injection Analysis Sampling,” Anal. Chem., 62, 1798-1804 (1990).

Shen, Z-Y., S. L. Huang, G. J. Tsai, Z. X. Chen, and G. T. Tsao, “Synthesis and Characterization of cyclomaltoheptaose (Z)-2-butenedioic monoesters,” Carbohydrate Research, 201, 241-238 (1990).

Lee, W. C., G. J. Tsai, and G. T. Tsao, “Radial-Flow Affinity Chromatography for Trypsin Purification,” Protein Purification from Molecular Mechanisms to Large-Scale Processes, ACS Symposium Series 427, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC pp. 104-117 (1990).

Lee, W. C., G. J. Tsai, and G. T. Tsao, “Effects of Isotherm Non-Linearity on the Determination of the Binding Constant in Affinity Chromatography,” J. Chromatogr., 504, 55-67 (1990).

Gu, T., G. J. Tsai, and G. T. Tsao, “A New Approach to a General Nonlinear Multicomponent Chromatography Model,” AIChE J., 36(5), 784-788 (1990).

Ho, N.W.Y., F. P. Lin, Huang, S., Andrews, P. C., and G. T. Tsao, “Purification, Characterization, and Amino Terminal Sequence of Xylose Reductase from Candida shehatae,” Enzyme Microbial Technol., 12, 33-39 (1990).

Hayward, M. J., A. K. Lister, T. Kotiaho, R. G. Cooks, G. D. Austin, R. Narayan, and G. T. Tsao, “Tandem Mass Spectrometry for On-Line Fermentation Monitoring,” Biotechnol. Tech., 3(6), 361-364 (1989).

Shieh, W.-J., G. J. Tsai, M. R. Ladisch, and G. T. Tsao, “Ultraviolet Difference Spectroscopic Study on the Interactions of Cellulase from Trichoderma reesei with Cellodextrins,” Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 22, 13-29 (1989).

Reig, M., Toldra, F., Tsai, G-J., Jansen, N. B., and Tsao, G. T., “Methane Generation from Chemically Pretreated Cellulose by Anaerobic Fluidized-Bed Reactors,” Biological Wastes, 29, 201-210 (1989).

Lee, W. C., S. H. Huang, and G. T. Tsao, “Design Equations of Chromatography by Perturbation Method,” Chem. Eng. J., 40, 165-173 (1988).

Huang, S. H., S. Roy, K. C. Hou, and G. T. Tsao, “Scaling Up of Affinity Chromatography by Radial Flow Cartridges,” Biotechnol. Progress, 4(3), 159 (1988).

Lee, W. C., S. H. Huang, and G. T. Tsao, “A Unified Approach for Moments in Chromatography,” AIChE J., 34(12), 2083-2087 (1988).

Huang, S. H., W. C. Lee, and G. T. Tsao, “Mathematical Models of Radial Chromatography,” Chem. Eng. J., 38, 179-186 (1988).

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Narayan, R., T. Kiessling, and G. T. Tsao, “Glycerol from the Tubers of Jerusalem Artichoke,” Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 17, 45-54 (1988).

Schwartz, L. S., N. B. Jansen, N.W.Y. Ho, and G. T. Tsao, “Plasmid Instability

Kinetics of the Yeast S288C pUCKm8 [Cir+] in Non-Selective and Selective Media,” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 32, 733-740 (1988).

Feldman, K. A., J. S. Lovett, and G. T. Tsao, “Isolation of the Cellulase Enzymes from the Thermophilic Fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus and Regulation of Enzyme Production,” Enzyme Microb. Technol., 10(5), 262-272 (1988).

de Mas, C., N. B. Jansen, and G. T. Tsao, “Production of Optically Active 2,3-Butanediol by Bacillus polymyxa,” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 31(4), 366-377 (1988).

Feldman, K., N. B. Jansen, and G. T. Tsao, “Utilization of a Wood-Based Syrup as Fermentation Carbon Sources,” Biotechnol. Lett., 10(1), 31-36 (1988).

Toldra, F., N. B. Jansen, and G. T. Tsao, “Immobilization of Glucoamylase in Porous Glass Fibers,” J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol., 40, 275-284 (1987).

Bungay, H. R., L. S. Clesceri, and G. T. Tsao, “Microbial Cells and Enzymes,” Advanced Biochemical Engineering, H. R. Bungay and G. Belfort, eds., Wiley-Interscience Publication, New York, pp. 13-31 (1987).

Tsao, G. T., M. R. Ladisch, and H. R. Bungay, “Biomass Refining,” Advanced Biochemical Engineering, H. R. Bungay and G. Belfort, eds., Wiley-Interscience Publication, New York, pp. 79-101 (1987).

Ramkrishna, D., D. S. Kompala, and G. T. Tsao, “Are Microbes Optimal Strategists?” Biotechnol. Prog., 3(3), 121-126 (1987).

Tsao, G. T., “Pre-/Posttreatment,” Chapter 6 in Anaerobic Digestion of Biomass, Chynoweth and Isaacson, eds., pp. 91-108, Elsevier Publisher (1987).

Leeper, S. A. and G. T. Tsao, “Membrane Separations in Ethanol Recovery: An Analysis of Two Applications of Hyperfiltration,” J. Membr. Sci., 30, 289-312 (1987).

Bienkowski, P. R., M. R. Ladisch, R. Narayan, G. T. Tsao, and R. Eckert, “Correlation of Glucose (Dextrose) Degradation at 90 to 190°C in 0.4 to 20% Acid,” Chem. Eng. Commun., 51, 179-192 (1987).

Toldra, F., N. B. Jansen, and G. T. Tsao, “Use of Porous Glass Fiber as a Support for Biocatalyst Immobilization,” Biotechnol. Lett., 8(11), 785-790 (1986).

Narayan, R. and G. T. Tsao, “Anionic Graft Polymerization onto Cellulose,” Cellulose: Structure, Modification, and Hydrolysis, (R. A. Young and R. M. Rowell, eds.), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 177-185 (1986).

Voloch, M., M. R. Ladisch, and G. T. Tsao, “Methyl t-Butyl Ether (MTBE) Process Catalyst Parameters,” Reactive Polymers, 4, 91-98 (1986).

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Ladisch, M. R. and G. T. Tsao, “Engineering and Economics of Cellulose Saccharification Systems,” Enzyme and Microb. Tech., 8(2), 66-69 (1986).

Sproull, R. D., P. R. Bienkowski, and G. T. Tsao, “Production of Furfural from Corn Stover Hemicellulose,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp., 15, 561-577 (1985).

Tsao, G. T., “Ethanol and Chemicals from Cellulosics in Solid Wastes,” Biotechnological Advances in Processing Municipal Wastes for Fuels and Chemicals, (A. A. Antonopoulos, ed.), Proceedings of the First Symp. on Biotechnological Advances in Processing Municipal Wastes for Fuels and Chemicals, Minneapolis, MN, August 15-17, 1984, December (1985).

Voloch, M., N. B. Jansen, M. R. Ladisch, G. T. Tsao, R. Narayan, and V. W. Rodwell, “2,3-Butanediol,” Comprehensive Biotechnology, (C. L. Cooney and A. E. Humphrey, eds.), Pergamon Press, 933-947 (1985).

Fond, O., N. B. Jansen, and G. T. Tsao, “A Model of Acetic Acid and 2,3-Butanediol Inhibition of the Growth and Metabolism of Klebsiella oxytoca,” Biotechnol. Lett., 7(10), 727-732 (1985).

Tsao, G. T., “Ethanol and Chemicals From Cellulosics,” Alternative Sources of Energy for Agriculture, FFTC Ser. #28, 177-196 (March 1985).

Dhurjati, P., D. Ramkrishna, M. C. Flickinger and G. T. Tsao, “A Cybernetic View of Microbial Growth: Modeling of Cells as Optimal Strategists,” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 27, 1-9 (1985).

Tsao, G. T., “Structures of Cellulosic Materials and Their Hydrolysis by Enzymes,” in New Approaches to Research on Cereal Carbohydrates, (edited by R. D. Hill and L. Munch) Biotechnol. Prog., 1, 297-301 (1985).

Roman, G. N., N. B. Jansen, H. Y. Hsiao, and G. T. Tsao, “Kinetic Studies of the enzymatic Isomerization of Xylose,” Enzyme Microb. Technol., 7, 129 (1985).

Narayan, R., G. Durrence, and G. T. Tsao, “Ethylene Glycol and Other Monomeric Polyols from Biomass,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. Ser., 14, 563-571 (1984).

Tsao, G. T., “Bacterial Hydrolysis: A Review,” in Anaerobic Digestion and Carbohydrate Hydrolysis of Wastes, (G. L. Ferrero, M. P. Ferrauti and H. Naveau, eds.), pp. 83-99, Elsevier Publishers (1984).

Bienkowski, P. R., M. R. Ladisch, M. Voloch, and G. T. Tsao, “Acid Hydrolysis of Pretreated Lignocellulose from Corn Residue,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. Ser., 14, 511-524 (1984).

Chang, M. and G. T. Tsao, “Petroleum Formation: A Spontaneous Chemical Reaction from Carbohydrate to Hydrocarbon,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. Ser., 14, 439-445 (1984).

11

Bungay, H. R., G. T. Tsao and A. E. Humphrey, “Biochemical Engineering,” Section 27 in Perry's Chemical Engineering Handbook, 6th Edition (1984).

Kompala, D. S., D. Ramkrishna, and G. T. Tsao, “Cybernetic Modeling of Microbial Growth on Multiple Substrates,” .Biotechnol. Bioeng., 26(11), 1272-1281 (1984).

Hamilton, T. J., B. E. Dale, M. R. Ladisch and G. T. Tsao, “Effect of Ferric Tartrate/Sodium Hydroxide Solvent Pretreatment on Enzyme Hydrolysis of Cellulose in Corn Residue,” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 26, 781-787 (1984).

Jansen, N. B., M. C. Flickinger, and G. T. Tsao, “Application of Bioenergetic to Modeling the Microbial Conversion of D-Xylose to 2,3-Butanediol,” .Biotechnol. Bioeng., 26, 573-582 (1984).

Ladisch, M. R., M. Voloch, J. Hong, P. Bienkowski, and G. T. Tsao, “Cornmeal Adsorber for Dehydrating Ethanol Vapors,” .Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 23(3), 437-443 (1984).

Cannon, J. J., L. F. Chen, M. C. Flickinger, and G. T. Tsao, “The Development of an Immobilized Lactate Oxidase System for Lactic Acid Analysis,” .Biotechnol. Bioeng., 26, 167-173 (1984).

Voloch, M., M. R. Ladisch, M. Cantarella, and G. T. Tsao, “Preparation of Cellodextrins Using Sulfuric Acid,” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 26, 557-559 (1984).

Jansen, N. B., M. C. Flickinger, and G. T. Tsao, “Production of 2,3-Butanediol from D-xylose by Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 8724,” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 26, 362-369 (1984).

Anderson, A. W. and G. T. Tsao, “Analysis of 2-Keto-Gluconic Acid and Fermentation Substrates by HPLC,” Biotechnol. Bioeng., 26, 374-376 (1984).

Roman, G. N., N. B. Jansen, and G. T. Tsao, “Ethanol Inhibition of D-Xylulose Fermentation by Schizosaccharomyces pombe,” Biotechnol. Lett., 6(1), 7-12 (1984).

Callec, G., A. W. Anderson, J. E. Rollings, and G. T. Tsao, “System Development for Aqueous Gel Permeation Chromatography,” J. Polymer Sci.: Polymer Chem. Ed., 22, 287-293 (1984).

Voloch, M., M. Ladisch, P. Bienkowski, and G. T. Tsao, “Bioutilization of Cereal Lignocellulose,” Cereal Polysaccharides in Technology and Nutrition, V. F. Rasper, ed., The American Association of Cereal Chemists, Inc., St. Paul, MN 1984.

Narayan, R. and G. T. Tsao, “Applications of Crown Ethers as Phase-Transfer Catalysts in the Electron Transfer Reactions of Coal,” ACS Div. Fuel Chem., 28(5), 261 (1983).

Ho, N.W.Y., P. Stevis, S. Rosenfeld, J. J. Huang, and G. T. Tsao, “Expression of E. coli Xylose Isomerase Gene by a Yeast Promoter,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. No. 13, 245-250, J. Wiley & Son (1983).

12

Rollings, J. E., A. Bose, J. M. Caruthers, M. Okos, and G. T. Tsao, “Calibration in Aqueous Size Exclusion Chromatography,” Adv. Chem. Ser., 203, 345 (1983).

Ho, N.W.Y., S. Rosenfeld, P. Stevis, and G. T. Tsao, “Purification and Characterization of the D- Xylose Isomerase Gene from E. coli,” Enzyme Microb. Technol. 5, 417-420 (1983).

Narayan, R. and G. T. Tsao, “Mechanism of Graft Copolymerization of Vinyl Monomers onto Cellulose by Periodate,” J. Polym. Sci.: Polym. Lett. 21, 437-439 (1983).

Tsao, G. T. and L. C. Chiang, “Cellulose and Hemicellulose Technology,” The Filamentous Fungi, 4, 296-326 (1983).

Jansen, N. B. and G. T. Tsao, “Bioconversion of Pentoses to 2,3-Butanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae,” Adv. in Biochem. Engr./Biotechnol. 27, 85-99 (1983).

Baillargeon, M. W., N. B. Jansen, C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, “Effect of Oxygen Uptake Rate on Ethanol Production by a Xylose-Fermenting Yeast Mutant, Candida sp. XF217,” Biotechnol. Lett. 5(5), 339-344 (1983).

Gilbert, I. G., and G. T. Tsao, “Interaction Between Solid Substrate and Cellulase Enzymes in Cellulose Hydrolysis,” Ann. Reports on Ferm. Proc. 6, 323-358 (1983).

Ladisch, M. R., K. W. Lin, M. Voloch, and G. T. Tsao, “Process Considerations in the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Biomass,” Enzyme and Microb. Technol. 5, 82-102 (1983).

Hsiao, H. Y., L.-C. Chiang, C. M. Yang, L. F. Chen, and G. T. Tsao, “Preparation and Performance of Immobilized Yeast Cells in Columns Containing No Inert Carrier,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 25(2) 363-375 (1983).

Gong, C. S., T. A. Claypool, L. D. McCracken, C. M. Maun, P. P. Ueng, and G. T. Tsao, “Conversion of Pentoses by Yeasts,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 25, 85-102 (1983).

Voloch, M., M. R. Ladisch, V. W. Rodwell, and G. T. Tsao, “Reduction of Acetoin to 2,3-Butanediol in Klebsiella pneumoniae: A New Model,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 25, 173-183 (1983).

Gong, C. S. and G. T. Tsao, “Conversion of D-Xylose to Ethanol by Yeasts,” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ethanol From Biomass, The Royal Soc. of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada, Oct. 13-15, 1982.

Mo, X. Y., C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, “Production of Ethanol from Cellobiose and Glucose by Candida lusitaniae,” Biotechnol. Lett., 4 (1982).

Tsao, G. T., “The Present and Future Industrial Processing of Maize Grain and Maize Stover” in Processing, Utilization and Marketing of Maize, Swaminathan, et al., eds., Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 300-315 (1982).

13

Yang, C. M. and G. T. Tsao, “Packed-Bed Adsorption Theories and Their Applications to Affinity Chromatography,” Adv. Biochem. Engr. 25, 1-18 (1982).

Bose, A., J. E. Rollings, J. M. Caruthers, M. R. Okos, and G. T. Tsao, “Polyelectrolytes as Secondary Calibration Standards for Aqueous Size-Exclusion Chromatography,” J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 27, 795-810 (1982).

Tsao, G. T., M. R. Ladisch, M. Voloch, and P. Bienkowski, “Production of Ethanol and Chemicals from Cellulosic Materials,” Proc. Biochem., 17, 34-38, (1982).

Yang, C. M. and G. T. Tsao, “Affinity Chromatography,” Adv. Biochem. Engr., 25, 19-42 (1982).

Chen, L. F., C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, “Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose Pretreated With Zinc Chloride and Hydrochloric Acid,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp., 12, 91-102, (1982).

Ho, N.W.Y., P. Stevis, S. Rosenfeld, J. J. Huang, and G. T. Tsao, “Expression of E. coli Xylose Isomerase Gene by Yeast Promoter,” Fifth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals (1982).

Emerson, R. R., M. C. Flickinger, and G. T. Tsao, “Kinetics of Dehydration of Aqueous 2,3-Butanediol to Methyl Ethyl Ketone,” I&EC Prod. Res. Dev., 21, 473-477 (1982).

Ueng, P. P., L. D. McCracken, C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, “Fructose Production from Sucrose and High Fructose Syrup: A Mycelial Fungal System,” Biotechnol. Lett. 4(6), 353-358 (1982).

Hsiao, H. Y., L. C. Chiang, P. P. Ueng, and G. T. Tsao, “Sequential Utilization of Mixed Monosaccharides by Yeasts,” Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43, 840-845, (1982).

Dale, B. E., and G. T. Tsao, “Crystallinity and Heats of Crystallization of Cellulose: A Microcalorimetric Investigation,” J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 27, 1233-1241 (1982).

Hong, J., M. Voloch, M. R. Ladisch, and G. T. Tsao, “Adsorption of Ethanol/Water Mixtures by Biomass Materials,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 24, 725-730 (1982).

Chiang, L. C., H. Y. Hsiao, M. C. Flickinger, L. F. Chen, and G. T. Tsao, “Ethanol Production from Pentoses by Immobilized Microorganisms,” Enzyme Microb. Technol. 4, 93-95 (1982).

Hsiao, H. Y., L. C. Chiang, L. F. Chen, and G. T. Tsao, “Effects of Borate on Isomerization and Yeast Fermentation of High Xylulose Solution and Acid Hydrolyzate of Hemicellulose,” Enzyme Microb. Technol. 4, 25-31 (1982).

Taylor, F., L. F. Chen, C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, “Kinetics of Immobilized Sucrose Phosphorylase,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 24, 317-328 (1982).

14

Lin, K. W., M. R. Ladisch, D. M. Schaefer, C. H. Noller, V. Lechtenberg, and G. T. Tsao, “Review on Effect of Pretreatment on Digestibility of Cellulosic Materials,” AIChE Symp. Ser. 77, 102 (1981).

Gong, C. S., M. R. Ladisch, and G. T. Tsao, “Production of Wood Hemicellulose Hydrolyzates by a Xylose-Fermenting Yeast Mutant Candida sp. XF217,” Biotechnol. Lett., 3(11), 657-662 (1981).

Hong, J., M. R. Ladisch, C. S. Gong, P. C. Wankat, and G. T. Tsao, “Combined Product and Substrate Inhibition Equation for Cellobiase,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 23, 2779-2788 (1981).

Chiang, L. C., H. Y. Hsiao, P. P. Ueng, L. F. Chen, and G. T. Tsao “Ethanol Production from Xylose by Enzymic Isomerization and Yeast Fermentation,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. No. 11, 263-274, (1981).

Chiang, L. C., H. Y. Hsiao, P. P. Ueng, and G. T. Tsao, “Enzymatic and Microbial Preparation of D-Xylulose from D-Xylose,” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 41(1), 66-69 (1981).

Ueng, P. P., C. A. Hunter, C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, “D-Xylulose Fermentation in Yeasts,” Biotechnol. Lett., 3, 315-320 (1981).

Chiang, L. C., C. S. Gong, L. F. Chen, and G. T. Tsao, “D-Xylulose Fermentation to Ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae,” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 42, 284-289 (1981).

Gong, C. S., L. F. Chen, and G. T. Tsao, “Quantitative Production of Xylitol from D-Xylose by a High-Xylitol Producing Yeast Mutant Candida tropicalis, Biotechnol. Lett., 3, 125-130 (1981).

Chang M. and G. T. Tsao, “The Effect of Structure on Hydrolysis of Cellulose,” Cellulose Chem. Technol. 15, 383-395 (1981).

Jansen, N. B., M. C. Flickinger, and G. T. Tsao, “A Model for the Growth and Product Kinetics of Facultative Anaerobes Based on ATP Synthesis and Consumption,” Adv. in Biotechnol., 1, M. Moo-Young, C. S. Robinson, and C. Vezina, eds., Pergamon Press, New York, NY (1981).

Ladisch, M. R., J. Hong, M. Voloch and G. T. Tsao, “Cellulase Kinetics,” Trends in the Biology of Fermentation for Fuels and Chemicals, Basic Life Sciences Vol. 18, 55-83 (1981).

Tsao, G. T. and A. Bose, “Studies on the Structure of Solvent Pretreated Cellulose by Aqueous Gel Permeation Chromatography,” Bioconversion and Biochemical Engineering Vol. 1, 279-295 (1981).

Tsao, G. T. and A. Bose, “Utilization of Hemicellulose by Fermentation,” Bioconversion and Biochemical Engineering Vol. 1, 313-314 (1981).

15

Gong, C. S., L. D. McCracken and G. T. Tsao, “Direct Fermentation of D-Xylose to Ethanol by a Xylose-Fermenting Yeast Mutant, Candida sp., XF217,” Biotechnol. Lett., 3(5), 245-250 (1981).

Chang, M., T.Y.C. Chou, and G. T. Tsao, “Structure, Pretreatment and Hydrolysis of Cellulose,” Adv. in Biochem. Eng. 20, 15-42 (1981).

Gong, C. S., L. F. Chen, M. C. Flickinger, L. C. Chiang, G. T. Tsao, “Production of Ethanol from D-Xylose by Using D-Xylose Isomerase and Yeasts,” Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 41(2) 430-436 (1981).

Russell, M. H. and G. T. Tsao, “Alternative Technology for Corn Milling and High Fructose Corn Syrup Production,” Agricultural Energy, 3, Food Processing, ASAE Publications, 635-639 (1981).

Gong, C. S., C. M. Maun, and G. T. Tsao, “Direct Fermentation of Cellulose to Ethanol by a Cellulolytic Filamentous Fungus, Monilia Sp.,” Biotechnol. Lett. 3, 77-82 (1981).

Dale, B. E. and G. T. Tsao, “Heats of Reaction of Two Common Cellulose Solvents with Various Model Compounds,” J. Poly. Sci. 19, 999-1009 (1981).

Voloch, M., M. R. Ladisch, V. W. Rodwell, and G. T. Tsao, “Separation of Meso and Racemic 2,3-Butanediol by Aqueous Liquid Chromatography,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 23, 1289-1296 (1981).

Hong, J., G. T. Tsao, and P. C. Wankat, “Membrane Reactor for Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellobiose,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 23, 1501-1516 (1981).

Hong, J., M. R. Ladisch, and G. T. Tsao, “Vapor-Liquid Equilibria of the Water-Ethanol System at Low Alcohol Concentrations,” J. Chem. Eng. Data 26, 305-307 (1981).

Gong, C. S., L. F. Chen, M. C. Flickinger, and G. T. Tsao, “Conversion of Hemicellulose Carbohydrates,” Adv. in Biochem. Eng. 20, 93-118 (1981).

Forrest, E. H., N. B. Jansen, M. C. Flickinger, and G. T. Tsao, “A Simple Hobby Computer-Based Off-Gas Analysis System,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 23, 455-460 (1981).

Chen, L. F., C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, “Immobilized Glucose Isomerase on DEAE Cellulose Beads,” Die Starke, 33, 58-63 (1981).

Bao, Y., A. Bose, M. R. Ladisch, and G. T. Tsao, “New Approach to Aqueous Gel Permeation Chromatography of Nonderivatized Cellulose,” J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 25, 263-275 (1980).

Lee, Y. H., G. T. Tsao, and P. C. Wankat, “Hydrodynamic Effect of Surfactants on Gas-Liquid Oxygen Transfer,” J. AIChE, 26(6), 1008-1012 (1980).

16

Hsu, T. A., M. R. Ladisch, and G. T. Tsao, “Alcohol from Cellulose,” Chemtech. 10(5), 315-319 (1980).

Hsu, T. A., C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, “Kinetic Studies of Cellodextrins Hydrolyses by Exocellulase from Trichoderma reesei,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 22, 2305-2320 (1980).

Tsao, G. T., “Industrial Processing of Corn Grain and Cornstover,” F. O. Licht's Sugar International Sweetener Report, December, 27-36 (1980).

Ladisch, M. R., C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, “Cellobiose Hydrolysis by Endoglucanase (Glucan Glucanohydrolase) from Trichoderma reesei: Kinetics and Mechanism,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 27, 1107-1126 (1980).

Gong, C. S., L. F. Chen, and G. T. Tsao, “Purification and Properties of Glucose Isomerase of Actinoplanes missouriensis,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 22, 833-845 (1980).

Dale, B. E. and G. T. Tsao, “A Microcalorimetric Study of Complex Formation between Alkaline Sodium Tartrate and Iron (III),” J. Polymer Sci.: Polymer Chem. Ed. 18, 3163-3175 (1980).

Gong, C. S., M. R. Ladisch, and G. T. Tsao, “Biosynthesis, Purification and Mode of Action of Cellulases of Trichoderma reesei,” Adv. Chem. Ser. No. 181, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 261-287 (1979).

Gong, C. S., L. F. Chen, and G. T. Tsao, “Affinity Chromatography of Endoglucanase of Trichoderma viride by Concanavalin A-Agarose,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 21, 167-171 (1979).

Tsao, G. T., “Sugars and Sweeteners from Sugarcane,” F. O. Licht's International Sweetener Report 2, 3-7 (1979).

Ladisch, M. R., A. W. Anderson, and G. T. Tsao, “Measurement of Cellulolytic Activity of Low Pressure Liquid Chromatography,” J. Liq. Chrom. 2(5), 745-760 (1979).

Jansen, N. B., M. C. Flickinger, and G. T. Tsao, “Rapid Analytical Extraction of Volatile Fermentation Products,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 21, 1881-1883 (1979).

Ladisch, M. R., M. C. Flickinger, and G. T. Tsao, “Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass,” Energy 4, 263-275 (1979).

Tsao, G. T., “Elementary Principles of Microbial Reaction Engineering,” Microbial Technology 2nd Edition Vol II, H. Peppler and D. Perlman (eds.), Academic Press, 223-241 (1979).

Krug, E., H. C. Lim, and G. T. Tsao, “Single-Cell Protein from C1 Compounds,” Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes Vol. 3, D. Perlman (ed.), Academic Press, 141-195 (1979).

17

Gong, C. S. and G. T. Tsao, “Cellulase and Biosynthesis Regulations,” Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes Vol. 3, D. Perlman (ed.), Academic Press, 111-140 (1979).

Hsu, T. A. and G. T. Tsao, “Convenient Method for Studying Enzyme Kinetics,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 21, 2235-2246 (1979).

Lee, Y. H. and G. T. Tsao, “Dissolved Oxygen Electrodes,” Adv. in Biochem. Eng. 13, 35-86 (1979).

Maeda, H. and G. T. Tsao, “Glucoamylase Immobilized on DEAE Cellulose Beads in Column Reaction,” J. Ferment. Technol. 57(3), 238-43 (1979) (Japan).

Lee, Y. H., G. T. Tsao, and P. C. Wankat, “Ultramicroprobe Method for Investigating Mass Transfer Through Gas-Liquid Interface,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fund. 17, 59-66 (1978).

Hsu, T. A. and G. T. Tsao, ”Effect of Density Ratio of Two Liquids in Extraction and Dispersion,” AIChE Symposium Series 172(74), 253 (1978).

Ladisch, M. R., A. L. Huebner, and G. T. Tsao, “High Speed Liquid Chromatography of Cellodextrins and Other Saccharide Mixtures Using Water as the Eluent,” J. Chrom. 147, 185-193 (1978).

Papoutsakis, E., H. C. Lim, and G. T. Tsao, “SCP Production on C1 Compound,” J. AIChE 24(3), 406-417 (1978).

DiBiasio, D., H. C. Lim, W. A. Weigand, and G. T. Tsao, “Phase-Plane Analysis of Feedback Control of Unstable Steady States in a Continuously-Fed Stirred Tank Biological Reactor,” J. AIChE 24, 686-692 (1978).

Ladisch, M. R., C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, “Cellobiose Hydrolyzing Activity of Selected Cellulase Components,” Third Joint US/USSR Engineering Seminar, Tallin, USSR, December 1977, Adv. in Enzyme Eng. 3, 339-363 (1978).

Tsao, G. T., “A Further Discussion on Interfacial Oxygen Transfer in Fermentation,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 20, 157-158 (1978).

Shaw, A. J., III and G. T. Tsao, “Isomerization of D-Glucose Using Sodium Aluminate.1: Mechanism of the Reaction,” Carbohydrate Res. 60(2), 327-335 (1978).

Shaw, A. J., III and G. T. Tsao, “Isomerization of D-Glucose Using Sodium Aluminate.2: Kinetics as a Function of Temperature,” Carbohydrate Res. 60(2), 376-382 (1978).

Tsao, G. T., M. R. Ladisch, C. Ladisch, T. A. Hsu, B. Dale, and T. Chou, “Fermentation Substrates from Cellulosic Materials: Production of Fermentable Sugars from Cellulosic Materials,” Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes Vol. 2, D. Perlman (ed.), Academic Press, 1-22 (1978).

18

Flickinger, M. C. and G. T. Tsao, “Fermentation Substrates from Cellulosic Materials: Fermentation Products from Cellulosic Materials,” Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes Vol. 2, D. Perlman (ed.), Academic Press, 23-42 (1978).

Chen, L. F., H. Maeda, and G. T. Tsao, “Preparation of Immobilized Soybean Beta-amylase by Using Cellulose Beads and Continuous Maltose Production,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 20, 383-402 (1978).

Papoutsakis, E., H. C. Lim, and G. T. Tsao, “Role of Formaldehyde in the Utilization of C1 Compounds via the Ribulose Monophosphate Cycle,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 20, 421-442 (1978).

Ladisch, M. R., C. M. Ladisch, and G. T. Tsao, “Protein Determination in the Presence of Cellulose,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 20, 461-462 (1978).

Ladisch, M. R., C. M. Ladisch, and G. T. Tsao, “Cellulose to Sugars: New Path Gives Quantitative Yield,” Science 201, 743-745 (1978).

Tsao, G. T., “Gas Absorption Enhancement with Enzymatic Reaction,” Chem. Eng. Sci. 33, 627-628 (1978).

Hirt, W., E. Papoutsakis, E. Krug, H. C. Lim, and G. T. Tsao, “Formaldehyde Incorporation by a New Methylotroph (L3),” Appl. and Environ. Microbiol. 36, 56-62 (1978).

Tsao, G. T., “Fermentable Sugar from Cellulosic Waste as a Natural Resource,” J. Chinese Inst. Chem. Eng. 9, 1-8 (1978).

Huebner, A., M. R. Ladisch, and G. T. Tsao, “Preparation of Cellodextrins: An Engineering Approach,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 20, 1669-1677 (1978).

Tsao, G. T., “Cellulosic Material as a Renewable Resource,” Process Biochem. 13(10), 12-14 (1978).

Ladisch, M. R. and G. T. Tsao, “Theory and Practice of Rapid Liquid Chromatography at Moderate Pressures Using Water as Eluent,” J. Chrom. 166, 85-100 (1978).

Tsao, G. T., “Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose, “Proceedings of 1st US/USSR Joint Enzyme Conference, Moscow, USSR, Advances in Enzyme Engineering Vol. 1, 344 (1977).

Tsao, G. T. and M. R. Ladisch, eds., Advances in Enzyme Engineering, Vol. 1, American Society for Microbiology Publication (1977).

Tsao, G. T., “Interfacial Oxygen Transfer in Fermentation,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 19, 557-559 (1977).

Ladisch, M. R., C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, “Corn Crop Residues as a Potential Source of Single Cell Protein: Kinetics of Trichoderma viride Cellobiase Action,” Ind. Microbiol. 18(9), 157-168 (1977).

19

Tsao, G. T. and Y. H. Lee, “Aeration,” Annual Reports on Fermentation Processes Vol. 1, D. Perlman (ed.), Academic Press, 115-149 (1977).

Dickensheets, P., L. F. Chen, and G. T. Tsao, “Invertase Immobilized on Porous Cellulose Beads,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 19, 365-375 (1977).

Chen, B. J., W. E. Hirt, H. C. Lim, and G. T. Tsao, “Growth Characteristics of a New Methylomonas,” J. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 33(2), 269-274 (1977).

Gong, C. S. and G. T. Tsao, “A Scheme Useful in Isolation and Purification of Cellulases,” Adv. in Enzyme Eng. 2, 253-262 (1977).

Gong, C. S., M. R. Ladisch, and G. T. Tsao, “Cellobiase from Trichoderma viride: Purification, Properties, Kinetics, and Mechanism,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 19, 959-981 (1977).

Chen, L. F. and G. T. Tsao, “Chemical Procedures for Enzyme Immobilization on Porous Cellulose Beads,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 19, 1463-1473 (1977).

Ladisch, M. R., C. S. Gong and G. T. Tsao, “Kinetics of Cellobiase Enzyme Component in Utilization of Corn Crop Residues,” Dev. Ind. Micro. 18, 157-168 (1977).

Yang, C. M. and G. T. Tsao, “Extended Monod Equation,” Proc. International. Ferm. Symp. 5, 85 (1976).

Tsao, G. T., “Glucose Isomerase and Related Enzyme Technology,” Proc. Internt'l. Ferm. Symp. 5, 302 (1976).

Marsh, D. R. and G. T. Tsao, “A Heat Transfer Study on Packed Bed Reactor of Immobilized Glucoamylase,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 18, 349 (1976).

Marsh, D. R. and G. T. Tsao, “A Theoretical and Computation Study of the Heat Effects of Packed Bed Reactors of Immobilized Enzymes,” J. Solid Phase Biochemistry 1, 67 (1976).

Lee, D. D., Y. Y. Lee, P. J. Reilly, E. V. Colline, and G. T. Tsao, “Pilot Plant Production of Glucose with Glucoamylase Immobilized to Porous Silica,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 18, 253-267 (1976).

Patel, A. K. and G. T. Tsao, “Measurements of the Effect of Suspended Small Particles on Turbulent Mixing in Pipe Flow,” J. AIChE, 22, 401 (1976).

Lee, Y. Y., A. R. Fratzke, K. Wun, and G. T. Tsao, “Glucose Isomerase Immobilized on Porous Glass,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 18, 389-413 (1976).

Chen, B. J., H. C. Lim, and G. T. Tsao, “A Model for Bacterial Growth on Methanol,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 18, 507 (1976).

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Chou, C. C., M. R. Ladisch, and G. T. Tsao, “Studies on Glucose Isomerase from a Streptomyces Species,” Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 32(4), 489-493 (1976).

Tsao, G. T., “Enzymes in Disposal and Utilization of Food Wastes,” Enzymes: Use and Control in Foods, F. W. Cooler (ed.), Inst. Food Tech., 12-21 (1976).

Chen, L. F. and G. T. Tsao, “Physical Characteristics of Porous Cellulose Beads as Supporting Material for Immobilized Enzymes,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 18, 1507 (1976).

Yang, C. M. and G. T. Tsao, “Cell Growth and Extended Monod Equation,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 18, 1827 (1976).

Lee, D. D. and G. T. Tsao, “Oxygen Transfer in Fermentation,” J. AIChE 21, 979 (1975).

Lee, Y. Y., K. Wun, and G. T. Tsao, “Kinetics and Mass Transfer Characteristics of Glucose Isomerase Immobilized on Porous Glass,” in Immobilized Enzyme Technology, H. H. Weetall and S. Suzuki (eds.), 126 (1975).

Weetall, H., W. P. Vann, W. H. Pitcher, D. D. Lee, Y. Y. Lee, and G. T. Tsao, “Scale-Up Studies on Immobilized Purified Glucoamylase, Covalently Coupled to Porous Ceramic Support, in Immobilized Enzyme Technology, H. H. Weetall and S. Suzuki (eds.), 269 (1975).

Hanson, T. P. and G. T. Tsao, “Extended Monod Equation for Batch Cultures with Multiple Exponential Phases,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 17, 1591-1598 (1975).

Lee, D. D., Y. Y. Lee and G. T. Tsao, “Continuous Production of Glucose from Dextrin by Glucoamylase Immobilized on Porous Silica,” Die Starke 27(11), 384-387 (1975).

Christiansen, L. R. and G. T. Tsao, “Suspension Studies on Granular Starch Slurries,” Die Starke 27, 405 (1975).

Lee, Y. Y. and G. T. Tsao, “Engineering Problems of Immobilized Enzymes,” J. Food Tech. 39, 667 (1974).

Lee, Y. Y. and G. T. Tsao, “Starch Particles in Enhancement of Iodine Extraction,” J. AIChE 10, 849 (1973).

Marsh, D. R., Y. Y. Lee and G. T. Tsao, “Immobilized Glucoamylase on Porous Glass,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 15, 483 (1973).

Lee, Y. Y .and G. T. Tsao, “Absorption of Iodine into Starch Granules in Aqueous Suspension,” Die Starke 25, 167 (1973).

Bungay, H. R. and G. T. Tsao, “Microbiology Applied to National Needs,” Am. Soc. Microbiol. News 39(2), 95 (1973).

Tsao, G. T., ”The Effect of Carbonic Anhydrase on Carbon Dioxide Absorption,” Chem. Eng. Sci. 27, 1593 (1972).

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Hanson, T. P. and G. T. Tsao, “Kinetics Studies of the Lactic Acid Fermentation in Batch and Continuous Cultures,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 14, 233 (1972).

Mukerjee, A., Y. Y. Lee, and G. T. Tsao, “Gas-Liquid-Cell Oxygen Absorption in Fermentation,” Fermentation Technology Today, Proceedings of the 4th International Fermentation Symposium, Kyoto, Japan, 65 (1972).

Cramer, W. D. and G. T. Tsao, “Waldhof Fermentor in Disposal of Food Wastes,” Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Series, Food Bioeng. 158, (1971).

Smith, G. B. and G. T. Tsao, “Water Sorption by Frozen-Thawed Starch,” Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Series, Food Bioeng. 24 (1971).

Freeman, R. S., E. B. Lancaster, and G. T. Tsao, “Absorption of Iodine Vapor by Starch Granules Suspended in Potassium Iodide,” Die Starke 23, 4 (1971).

Schierholz, P. M., E. B. Lancaster, and G. T. Tsao, “Oxygen Transfer in Fermentation and Other Particle Suspensions,” Chinese Inst. Chem. Eng. J. 2, 39 (1971).

Lee, Y. Y. and G. T. Tsao, “Oxygen Absorption into Glucose Solution: Part 1, Oxidation in the Presence of Platinum Catalyst, and Part 2, Oxidation in the Presence of Glucose Oxidase,” Chem. Eng. Sci. 27, 1601 (1971).

Roth, D. D., E. B. Lancaster, and G. T. Tsao, “Thermal Conductivity of Starch Granules,” Die Starke 22, 40 (1970).

Tsao, G. T., ”Industrial Microbial Enzymes,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 12, 157 (1970).

Tsao, G. T., ”Oxygen Absorption in Microbiological Systems of Zero Order Reaction Rate,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 12, 51 (1970).

Tsao, G. T., “A Course in Biochemical Engineering,” Chem. Eng. Educ. 4, 192 (1970).

Cramer, W. D., E. B. Lancaster, and G. T. Tsao “Sorption Characteristics of Starch Granules,” J. Macromol. Sci.-Physics B3(4), 611 (1969).

Tsao, G. T., ”Simultaneous Gas-Liquid Interfacial Mass Transfer and Uptake by Small Particles,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 11, 1071 (1969).

Tsao, G. T., “Oxygen Transfer Rate Measured by Gluconic Acid Production,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 11, 1289 (1969).

Tsao, G. T., ”Vortex Behavior and the Waldhof Fermentors,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 10, 1977 (1968).

Tsao, G. T., “Simultaneous Gas-Liquid Interfacial Oxygen Absorption and Biochemical Oxidation,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 10, 766 (1968).

Wheelock, T. D. and G. T. Tsao, “Drying Theory and Calculations,” Chem. Eng. J. 74(3), 201 (1967).

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Tsao, G. T., “Production of Oxalic Acid by a Wood-Rotting Fungus,” Appl. Microbiol. 11, 294 (1963).

Tsao, G. T., ”Production of Oxalic Acid by a Strain of Agaricus campestris,” Appl. Microbiol. 11, 255 (1963).

Tsao, G. T., ”Thermal Conductivity of Porous Materials,” Ind. Eng. Chem. 53, 395 (1961).

Kempe, L. L. and G. T. Tsao “Oxygen Transfer in Fermentation Systems,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2, 129 (1960).

Block, S. S., L. H. Han and G. T. Tsao “Experiments on the Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus,” Mushroom Sci. 4, 309 (1959).

Block, S. S., L. H. Han and G. T. Tsao, “Production of Mushrooms from Sawdust,” J. Agr. Food Chem. 6, 923 (1958).

Patents:

“Fructose from Dextrose,” G. T. Tsao, U. S. Patent, 3,432,345 (1976).

“Porous Cellulose Beads and the Immobilization of Enzymes Therewith,” L. F. Chen, and G. T. Tsao, U. S. Patent 4,063,017. (1977); Great Britain Patent 1,575,700 (24 Sept. 1980).

“Acid Hydrolysis of Cellulose to Yield Glucose”, G. T. Tsao, M. R. Ladisch, A. Bose, U.S. Patent 4,174,976 (20 Nov. 1979); Canadian Patent 1,110,233 (20 June 1981).

“Production of Ethanol by Yeast Using Xylulose,” C. S. Gong, L. F. Chen, M. C. Flickinger, and G. T. Tsao, U. S. Patent 4,490,468 (1984); Republic of South Africa Patent 812,676 (23 Apr. 1981).

“Nontoxic Cellulose Solvent and Process For Forming and Utilizing The Same,” G. T. Tsao, B. E. Dale, M. R. Ladisch, U.S. Patent 4,265,675 (5 May 1981).

“Process for Recovering and Utilizing Cellulose Using Sulfuric Acid,” G. T. Tsao, T. Y. Chou, U.S. Patent 4,266,981 (12 May 1981).

“Process for Treating Cellulosic Materials and Obtaining Glucose Therefrom,” G. T. Tsao, M. R. Ladisch, C. M. Ladisch, T. A. Hsu, U.S. Patent 4,281,063 (28 July 1981).

“Preparation of Spherical Shaped Mycelial Pellets,” L. F. Chen, C. S. Gong, G. T. Tsao, U.S. Patent 4,321,327 (23 Mar 1982).

“Media Manipulation for Preparing Biologically Active Hollow Mycelial Pellets,” C. S. Gong, L. F. Chen, G. T. Tsao, U.S. Patent 4,332,903 (1 June 1982).

“Vapor Phase Dehydration of Aqueous Alcohol Mixtures,” M. R. Ladisch, G. T. Tsao, U.S. Patent 4,345,973 (24 Aug 1982).

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“Mycellal Pellets Having a Support Core,” L. F. Chen, C. S. Gong, and G. T. Tsao, U.S. Patent 4,427,774 (1984).

“Biodegradable Graft Copolymers,” R. Narayan, G. T. Tsao and C. J. Biermann, U.S. Patent 4,891,404 (2 January 1990).

“Recombinant Yeasts for Effective Fermentation of Glucose and Xylose,” N. W. Y. Ho, and G. T. Tsao, U.S. Patent 5,789,210 (4, August, 1998).

“Process for Producing and Recovering Lactic Acid,” George T. Tsao, U. S. Patent 5,786,185 (28, July, 1998).

Updated as of March, 2007

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