― 107 ―

〔第36回シンポジウム資料〕

LOFT教官任用訓練

樋　口　俊　樹 *

編集部注* 　全日本空輸株式会社運航訓練室英語サポートセンター副所長、B⊖767機長　本資料は2006年 ₂ 月18日に開催された法学研究所第36回シンポジウム資料の一部分である。田崎武㈶航空交通管制協会専務理事「航空管制の面からの考察」資料については誌面の都合で割愛させていただいた。

CRMCRM IATA SAFETY REPORT(200IATA SAFETY REPORT(20044))

2233,,03030,000 0,000

ANA GroupANA Group:: 300,000 300,000

4242,,91910,000 0,000

2,006,000,0002,006,000,000

1177,,779779

(( 15t15t JetJet ))

1188

0.70.788 /1,000,000/1,000,000

232355

20002000 1.1.1111

20200101 1.1.0505

20022002 00..9494

20032003 00..8787

20020044 0.70.788

IATA SAFETY REPORT (200IATA SAFETY REPORT (20044))

IATAIATA (1988)(1988)

80%80%

(Technical)(Technical)NonNon--TechnicalTechnical

― 108 ―

5050 1010 66 2222

CRMCRM Crew Resource ManagementCrew Resource Management

CRMCRMCRMCRM

CRMCRM

““ ””

““ ””

CRMCRM

‘‘ ‘‘ ‘‘‘‘ ‘‘ ’’ ‘‘

‘‘‘‘

ANAANA

Awareness Phase

Practice and Feedback

Continual Reinforcement

ANA CRM TrainingANA CRM Training

19+0019+00

3+453+45LOFTLOFT3+003+00

11

ANA TECANA TEC

19+0019+00ANA TECANA TEC0.50.5 1.51.5

ANA TECANA TEC 19+0019+00

14+0014+00

2

MTOW 5.75.7

12 4 1

630

5050 1010 66 2222CRMCRM

LOFT Line Oriented Flight Training

CRM

5050 1010 66 2222CRMCRM

― 109 ―

Block OutBlock Out Block InBlock In 1122 44

6060 1212 11 2828

(LOFT)(LOFT)

BriefingBriefingDeDe--briefingbriefing VideoVideo

SimulatorSimulator FreezeFreeze ResetReset ReRe--positionposition

ANAANA Recurrent LOFTRecurrent LOFT

(1) (1)

(2) (2) SIMSIM

(3) (3)

164164

ANAANA Recurrent LOFTRecurrent LOFT

7272

22 11

164164

Category ICategory I IIII 2211 (CAT I & II(CAT I & II ))

ANA LOFT ScenariosANA LOFT Scenarios

TYOTYO--CTSCTSTYOTYO--OSAOSATYOTYO--FUKFUKOSAOSA--NRTNRT

OSAOSA--OKAOKA

1010

B744B744

TYOTYO--AXTAXTTYOTYO--KMQKMQTYOTYO--OSAOSATYOTYO--KIXKIXTYOTYO--KMJKMJTYOTYO--MYJMYJTYOTYO--KOJKOJOSAOSA--KMJKMJ

1111 9915151111TYOTYO--AXTAXTTYOTYO--TOYTOYTYOTYO--KMQKMQTYOTYO--OSAOSATYOTYO--KIXKIXTYOTYO--HIJHIJTYOTYO--MYJMYJTYOTYO--FUKFUKOSAOSA--FUKFUKKIXKIX--FUKFUK

B767B767

TYOTYO--KIXKIXTYOTYO--TTJTTJOSAOSA--KMJKMJ

TYOTYO--KMQKMQTYOTYO--OSAOSATYOTYO--FUKFUK

A320A320B777B777B747B747

FWD CARGO DOOR OPENFWD CARGOOVERHEAT LE SLAT

ASYMMETRY

R ENG FAIL

LOFT Scenario <Sample>LOFT Scenario <Sample> Self ManagementSelf Management

Self Management

AW

Awareness WheelAwareness Wheel

― 110 ―

Team ManagementTeam Management Team Management

REVIEWREVIEW

……………………

……

Total ManagementTotal Management

Situational AwarenessSituational Awareness

Decision MakingDecision Making

Risk ManagementRisk Management

Total Management

RADARRADAR

Situational

Awareness

Decision

Making

Risk

Management

Recognize

Analyze

DevelopDecide

Action

Review

R A D A RR A D A R

Threat and Error ManagementThreat and Error Management

OCC/STCOCC/STC

ATCATC

Swiss Cheese ModelSwiss Cheese Model

ThreatThreat ErrorError

ThreatThreat

IncidentIncidentAccidentAccident

ThreatThreat

― 111 ―

Threat and ErrorThreat and Error ManagementManagementLOSALOSA Line Operations Safety AuditLine Operations Safety Audit

Data Data CRM ProgramCRM Program

LOSALOSA ObserverObserverCRM Skill CRM Skill

DataData Human Error Human Error

Threat Threat ErrorErrorError Error Process Process CommunicationCommunication LeadershipLeadership

CRMCRM SkillSkill Threat and Error Threat and Error MManagementanagement

ThreatThreat

ErrorErrorCrew Crew CrewCrew

CRM Error

ThreatThreat ICAOICAOEnvironmentEnvironment

Adverse WeatherAdverse WeatherTerrainTerrain

Airport ConditionsAirport ConditionsHeavy TrafficHeavy Traffic// TCASTCAS EventsEvents

Unfamiliar AirportsUnfamiliar Airports

ATCATCCommand Events/ErrorCommand Events/Error

Language DifficultyLanguage DifficultySimilar Similar Call SignCall Signss

AircraftAircraftAircraft MalfunctionAircraft MalfunctionAutomation EventsAutomation Events

ThreatThreat ICAOICAO

Crew SupportCrew SupportDispatch Events/ErrorsDispatch Events/ErrorsGround Events/ErrorsGround Events/Errors

Maintenance Events/ErrorsMaintenance Events/Errors

OperationalOperationalTime PressuresTime Pressures

Irregular OperationsIrregular OperationsFlight DiversionsFlight Diversions

Missed ApproachesMissed Approaches

ThreatThreat ICAOICAO

CabinCabinCabin EventsCabin Events

Flight Attendant ErrorsFlight Attendant ErrorsPassenger EventsPassenger Events

Intentional Intentional NNonon--compliance compliance EErrorrror

Procedural Procedural EErrorrror

Communication Communication EErrorrror

Proficiency Proficiency EErrorrror

Operational Operational DDecision ecision EErrorrror

ThreatThreat

Crew ErrorCrew Error

UndesiredUndesiredAircraft Aircraft StateState

IncidentIncident

IATAIATAThreat & Error Threat & Error Management Management ModelModel

AvoidanceAvoidance

Threat ManagementThreat Management

Error ManagementError Management

Undesired Undesired Aircraft Aircraft State ManagementState Management

Undesired Aircraft StateUndesired Aircraft State

Incorrect Aircraft ConfigurationIncorrect Aircraft ConfigurationLateral DeviationLateral DeviationSpeed too high/ Speed too lowSpeed too high/ Speed too lowAbrupt Aircraft ControlAbrupt Aircraft ControlUnstable ApproachUnstable ApproachLong Landing outside TDZLong Landing outside TDZHard LandingHard LandingProceeding toward wrong Proceeding toward wrong RunwayRunway TaxiwayTaxiway ApronApron

― 112 ―

Review Review Process Process

SOPSOP

Chain Chain

TThreat and hreat and EError rror MManagement anagement

CRMCRMThreat Threat

Threat ManagementThreat ManagementThreatThreat Threat Threat

Error Error

Error ManagementError Management

ICAO Human Factors Training ManualICAO Human Factors Training Manual

ANAANA

11 GeneralGeneral

1.1.LOFTLOFT (Line Oriented Flight Training)(Line Oriented Flight Training)

Recurrent LOFTRecurrent LOFT

SPOTSPOT (Special Purpose Operational Training)(Special Purpose Operational Training)

LOELOE (Line Operational Evaluation)(Line Operational Evaluation)

Recurrent LOFT Recurrent LOFT InstructorInstructor s Guidebooks Guidebook

2. 2. Recurrent LOFT Recurrent LOFT

CRMCRM

ErrorError Team Management Team Management

3. 3. Recurrent LOFTRecurrent LOFT

(( ))

44 Recurrent LOFT Recurrent LOFT

Simulator Simulator

5. 5. LOFTLOFT PolicyPolicy--11

1) 1)

2) Error2) Error

3) 3)

― 113 ―

5. 5. LOFTLOFT PolicyPolicy--22

4) 4) Technical Technical SSkillkill LineLine

(GS:7(GS:7 0000 SIM:4SIM:4 00)00)

5) 5)

6) LOFT6) LOFT

7) LOFT7) LOFTCRM LOFTCRM LOFTUp Grade LOFTUp Grade LOFTTransition LOFTTransition LOFTSpecial LOFTSpecial LOFT