location-specific nutrient and crop management in rice ......name: juan dela cruz rice crops per...

Location-specific nutrient and crop

management in rice farming:

mobile phone and web-based

decision tools are bringing results of

research to farmers

FAO-World Bank meeting

Bangkok

15 May 2012

Roland J. Buresh

International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)

Rice in Asia is typically produced in

small landholdings

• Farming practices and

risks vary among

farmers and fields

• The best management

for high profit and high

yield differs among

fields

More than 10 years of research lead to site-

specific nutrient management (SSNM)

Partnerships after 10 years (1996-2005)

TNAU

GBPUAT

PDCSR PAU

BRRI

MAS SFRI

HUAF

CLRRI

ASISOV

ICRR

ICFORD

PhilRice

WVSU

NAU

YU HZAU

HAU

GAAS

ZU

CCAP

CAU

AFC

VAAS

ICATAD

ICALRD

Science is well

documented

Tools are available

for farmers

Farmers need quick and easy access to information

matching their specific field conditions and needs

Principles of SSNM were used to develop

printed guidelines

• Aimed to reach many

farmers fast

• Printed materials

struggle to transform

complex decision

making into simple

messages

• Nutrient Manager for Rice

provides rice farmers with

‘best-bet’ nutrient management

for their specific rice field

• Consistent with SSNM

principles and current science

• Available as web and mobile

phone applications

– Can update in real time

– Can monitor use

– Can link to other applications

and services

Developed computer-based decision tools

to provide rice with ‘precision’

management practices

www.irri.org/nmrice

How to access and use Nutrient Manager

Web GSM mobile phone Smartphone

Interactive Voice

Response

implementation box

Farmer calls

dedicated number

Smartphone

output

Web output Smartphone

and mobile:

Text output Available in Philippines and

Indonesia

Target yield gain with

Nutrient Manager

Current yield

of rice

grower

Yield attainable with

optimal nutrient

management

Yield gap

Target yield

with Nutrient

Manager

Nutrient Manager aims to increase profit of a

rice grower by USD 100 per hectare per season

Interactive Apps ---

providing management

guidelines

Nutrient Manager

Rice Manager

Rice Doctor

Variety and Seed

Selector

1. Invest wisely at start of season

- Nutrient Manager

- Rice Crop Manager

• Protect investment during season

- Rice Crop Doctor

Approach with web and mobile phone

applications:

provide ‘best-bet’ management practices to

match a farmer’s specific needs

Suite of compelling

services and financial

products

Microfinance Service

providers

Insurance

Marketing

Input providers

Connect farmers with relevant

agricultural science and services

Interactive Apps ---

providing management

guidelines

Nutrient Manager

Rice Manager

Rice Doctor

Variety and Seed

Selector

1. Invest wisely at start of season

- Nutrient Manager

- Rice Crop Manager

• Protect investment during

season

- Rice Crop Doctor

Product development

and testing

Research

Validation

Testing with

farmers

Consolidation

of knowledge

Example of Rice Crop Manager under

development

Name: Juan Dela Cruz Rice crops per year: Two Mobile number: 09171234567 Season: Dry Location: Bilar, Bohol, Region VII Water: Irrigated, tube well Variety: NSIC Rc 222 Direct seeded: 101-110 days seed-to-seed

*DAS – days after sowing

Target yield: 105-116 sacks at 50 kg/sack 4.8-5.3 t/ha (14% MC) Actual field area = 1 ha

AWD

Growth stage DAS* Management practice

1-3 Apply pre-emergence herbicide

1-20 Maintain soil flooding, less than 3 cm water

Early 12-16 Apply 3 bags 14-14-14

21-70 Practice AWD

22-27 Hand weeding

Active tillering 28-32 Apply 1 bag urea

Panicle initiation 43-47 Apply 1.5 bag urea

1) Use tool before

establishing crop

2) Provide personalized

best management to

overcome main

constraints

3) Focus on increased

income (profit)

Effect of sowing date on potential yield

of rice of two growth durations at two

locations in the Philippines

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

Intermediate

Short


80

90

100

110

120

130

140

Target fresh yield (t/ha) Duration (days)

Direct seeded

Tuguegarao, Cagayan


3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

Intermediate

Short


90

100

110

120

130

140


Transplanted

Tuguegarao, Cagayan


4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

Intermediate

Short


85

90

95

100

105

110

115


Direct seeded

Pototan, Iloilo


4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

Intermediate

Short


90

95

100

105

110

115

120


Transplanted

Pototan, Iloilo

Average for 10 years

Use of seasonal climate information to

improve guidelines on crop management

Model on high-

end (cloud

based) server

Output

Input: Information

from farmer

Web GSM

mobile

phone

Smartphone

Printed

guidelines SMS Image on

Smartphone

Information on anticipated seasonal

climate can be used to:

• Estimate attainable yields and set

levels of inputs

• Select variety

• Adjust cropping

Key ingredients of approach

1. Provide information matching specific needs of an

individual through user-friendly Web and mobile

interfaces

• Directly acquire and

provide information

2. Enable interfacing with complementary services

3. Enhance abilities of ‘extension agents’ to get the right

information to the right person at the right time

• Collaborate in testing, translations, interfacing, refining, and

meeting needs of stakeholders

• Temperatures will increase

- More heat stress

- Rising sea water levels

• More frequent and severe climate extremes

- More floods

- More droughts

What about climate change?

Making rice climate-proof

drought

submergence

salinity

heat

October 1, 2010, Mymensingh district, Bangladesh

Swarna-Sub1

17 d submergence

Re-transplanted local varieties

Submergence tolerant varieties

Drought tolerant varieties

Six drought tolerant varieties

released during 2009-11

Yield advantage of 0.8-1.2 t/ha

under moderate to severe

drought, but with no penalty

under non-stress conditions

Sahbhagi dhan in India

Tarharra 1 in Nepal Sahod Ulan 1 in Philippines

IR74 –Pup1+ IR74 IR74-Pup1+ IR74-Pup1–

IRRI upland farm

DS 2012

–P fertilizer

Genes for nutrient deficiency and

problem soil

A C4 rice should increase rice yield, water

and nitrogen use efficiency by 30-50%.

No other evolutionary mechanism exists that

could be added to a C3 rice so as to deliver

that superior combination of benefits.

C3 Anatomy

Change

Biochem

Change

Fine

Tuning + + + = C4

15-20 years of research needed

C4 rice

location-specific nutrient and crop management in rice ......name: juan dela cruz rice crops per...

Documents