location located in kent cantiaci/cantii tribe near watling street and stane street london...
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Lullingstone Villa
LocationLocated in KentCantiaci/Cantii tribeNear Watling Street and Stane Street
LondonCanterburyChichester
Pre-Roman occupationWattle and daub Believed to have been a farming settlementLike this until c. 80ADSuggests the farmer was being Romanised
during the early stages of their rule
First building80-90ADFlint and mortar walls Likely that help from the Empire was called
upon due to probable lack of expertise in stone building in Britain
Basic rectangular structureThatched roof
Circular TempleSecond Century AD constructionSmall, only fifteen feet internal diameter Red and yellow tessellated floorEvidence for ritual firesNo altar or cult statue/devotions foundDismantled in c.300AD to allow for the
building of a larger structure
BathsLate second century additionNo apodyterium, would change in the
frigidariumPlunge pool included, but became shallower
over timeWater taken from a twelve-feet deep wellNo trace of hypocaust system remains
Cult RoomsTwo rooms added in the second centuryOne room had its walls painted in red, yellow
and green, of which many examples existed in Roman Gaul and Britain
The Deep Room was dedicated to the water goddess and extravagantly decoratedBack wall covered in fresco of three Water
NymphsWalls in corridor, too, were painted, showing
that this section of the second century villa was very important
Who owned it?
Very wealthyAbandoned in c. 200 AD“Two marble busts from the 2nd century
found in the cellar perhaps depict the owners or residents of the villa, which may have been the designated country retreat of the provincial governors. There is some evidence that the busts are those of Pertinax, governor of Britannia in 185-186, and his father”
Third CenturyRe-occupied in c.280 ADKitchen modified to be a tannery, with two
pits dug into the chalkStairway to the Deep Room blockedRoom with heating system built atop the old
staircase Granary also constructed
Temple-MausoleumConstructed c. 300 ADDesigned for burial of young man and womanFocused around a cult statue with pillars
surrounding it
Mosaic floorsLaid down between c. 330 AD and
Christianity In the apse area which was newly built with a
reception room and a dining roomDining room mosaic depicts the abduction of
Europa by JupiterReception room mosaic depicts Bellerophon
riding Pegasus killing the Chimeara
Christian ChapelOwner seemingly embraced Christianity
when it was introduced, as the rooms were built between c. 360-370 AD
Pillared portico painted on wallBetween pillars were depictions of praying
Christians
c. 400 AD, the buildings were destroyed in a devastating fire