local government code reviewer

8/12/2019 Local Government Code Reviewer

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Law on Local Government 1Lambda Epsilon Xi DVOREF College of Law

LAW ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Introduction

A. Constitutional Basis -- Article X, 1987 Constitution

B. Innovations in the law on local governments introduced b the !ocal"overnment Code o# 1991

(1) Devolution of basic services (e.g. health, environment, etc.) to LGUs;(2) Increase of financial resources available to LGUs;(3) Devolution of resonsibilit! for enforcement of certain regulator! o"ers (e.g.

reclassification of agricultural lan#s);($) Legal infrastructure for articiation of %G&s an# '&s in the rocess of

governance

C. $##ectivit % !"C &ecs. '(d), '*+

var#one v. &*L+ecretar! of ealth v. -

Book I: General Provisions

I !asic "rinciples

1. he Code% olic and Alication

(1) !ocal government, decentrali/ation, autonom

Local a#tonom$% power of LGUs to decide for themselves on certainmatters

without need for clearance or approval by thenational government

Decentrali&ation%devolution of national administration (not power)from the

national government to the LGUs

Deconcentration%ow of autonomy from the national governmenttowards

regional agencies

Devol#tion% act by which the national government conferspower and

authority upon the various LGUs to perform specicfunctions and responsibilities (LGC Sec. 17)

the transfer of power and authority from theNational

Government to LGUs to enable them to performspecic functions and responsibilities (Art. 24, IRRof the LGC)

Di'erentiate decentrali&ation of administration fromdecentrali&ation of power

Decentralization ofAdministration

Decentralization of Power

Delegation b! the central -b#ication of olitical o"er in


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government of a#ministrativeo"ers to olitical sub#ivisionsin or#er to broa#en the base ofgovernment o"er. (Limbonav. Mangelin)

favor of LGUs #eclare# to beautonomous. In this case, theautonomous government is freeto chart its o"n #estin! an#shae its future "ith minimumintervention from central

authorities. (Limbona v.Mangelin)

Local government units -utonomous regions

(0) Consultations

!"C &ec. 0(c)% It is li/e"ise the olic! of the +tate to re0uire all nationalagencies an# offices to con#uct erio#ic consultations "itharoriate LGUs, %G&s an# '&s, an# other concerne#sectors of the communit! before an! roect or rogram isimlemente# in their resective uris#ictions.

!"C &ec. 0+% Duty of National Government Agencies in the Maintenanceof Ecological alance.

It shall be the #ut! of ever! national agenc! orG& authorie# or involve# in the lanning an#imlementation of an! roect or rogram that ma! cause

ollution;

climatic change;

#eletion of non4rene"able resources;

loss of cro lan#, rangelan#, or forest cover;

an# e5tinction of animal or lant secies

to consult "ith the LGUs, %G&s, an# other sectorsconcerne# an# e5lain

the goals an# obectives of the roect or

rogram; its imact uon the eole an# the communit!

in terms of environmental or ecological balance;an#

the measures that "ill be un#erta/en to revent

or minimie the a#verse effects thereof.

!"C &ec. 07% %o roect or rogram shall be imlemente# b!government authorities unless

(1) the consultations mentione# above arecomlie# "ith; an#

(2) rior aroval of the sanggunian concerne# isobtaine#.

Note! "ccu#ants in areas where such #ro$ects are to be im#lemented

shall not be evicted unless a##ro#riate relocation sites have been#rovided% in accordance with the &onstitution.

Comment !emorandum Circular No" #$ (%&&') provides that alloces and employees of national government agenciesand oces including GCCs must strictly comply with theLGC provisions on consultation" *owever+ there are nopenalties for such breach" ,uestion is what are the


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remedies of the LGC if the consultation re-uirements arenot complied with.

(*) &coe o# alication

6he LG shall al! to all rovinces, cities, municialities, baranga!s, an# other

olitical sub#ivisions as ma! be create# b! la", an#, to the e5tent hereinrovi#e#, to officials, offices, or agencies of the national government.(LG& 'ec. ()

() 2erger o# administrative regions

-#ministrative regions are mere grouings of contiguous rovinces for

a#ministrative uroses, not for olitical reresentation. (&hiongbian v."rbos)

7hile the o"er to merge a#ministrative regions is not e5ressl! rovi#e# for

in the onstitution, it is a o"er "hich has tra#itionall! been lo#ge# "ith the

'resi#ent to facilitate the e5ercise of the o"er of general suervision of localgovernments. (Abbas v. &"MELE&)

(') 3ules o# interretation

Provision on power of LGU: Liberall! interrete# in its favor. In case of#oubt, an! 0uestion thereon shall beresolve# in favor of #evolution of o"ersan# of the LGU. -n! fair an# reasonable#oubt as to the e5istence of the o"er shallbe interrete# in favor of the LGUconcerne#.

Tax ordinance / revenue measure: onstrue# strictl! against the enacting LGU,an# liberall! in favor of the ta5a!er.

Tax exemption, incentive, onstrue# strictl! against the ersonrelief granted pursuant to LGC: claiming it.

General welfare provisions: Liberall! interrete# to give more o"er toLGUs in accelerating economic#eveloment an# ugra#ing the 0ualit! oflife for eole in the communit!.

Where there is a controvers ustoms an# tra#itions in the lace "herearising under the LGC and the controvers! ta/es lace ma! be

there is no applica!le legal resorte# to. provision or "urisprudence:

0. "eneral ower and Attributes

(1) Creation o# !"4s

()o ma$ create* divide* merge* abolis)* or s#bstantiall$ alterbo#ndaries of LG+s,

ongress rovince, cit! or municialit! +angguniang 'anglungso# or

'anlala"igan baranga!8

8Note! )ecommendation of sangguniang bayanis necessary. (LG 39:)


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In both instances, there must be a lebiscite calle# for the urose in the oliticalunit or units #irectl! affecte#. *his is to #revent gerrmandering+i.e.% the #ractice ofcreating legislative districts to favor a #articular candidate or #arty, and the creation orabolition of units for #urely #olitical #ur#oses.athing establishments;

7harves;

erries;

isheries;

*aintenance of ar/s, golf courses, cemeteries, airorts

(*orio v. 4ontanilla% citing Mendoza v. de Leon)

ol#ing of a to"n fiesta (*orio v. 4ontanilla)

Notes

'ublic mar/ets are subect to the LGU?s suervision an# control. 6heir closure or

conversion into rivate mar/ets must follo" the roce#ures lai# #o"n b! la". 6hus,"here the o"er to establish an# maintain ublic mar/ets is grante# to the *unicial>oar#, the local chief e5ecutive cannot unilaterall! "ith#ra" it from use as a ublicmar/et "ithout the aroval of the >oar#. (&ruz v. &A)

(*) "eneral 6el#are

()at powers do LG+s )ave #nder t)e general welfare cla#se of t)eLGC,

(1) 'o"ers e5ressl! grante# to the LGU;(2) 6hose o"ers necessaril! imlie# therefrom;(3) 'o"ers necessar!, aroriate, or inci#ental for its efficient an# effective

governance; an#


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($) 6hose o"ers "hich are essential to the romotion of the general "elfare.(LG +ec. 1B)

()at d#ties do LG+s )ave #nder t)e general welfare cla#se,

7ithin their resective territorial uris#ictions, LGUs shall ensure an# suort,

among other things

'reservation an# enrichment of culture;

'romotion of health an# safet!;

nhancement of the right of the eole to a balance# ecolog!;

Develoment of aroriate an# self4reliant scientific an#

technological caabilities; Imrovement of ublic morals;

nhancement of economic roserit! an# social ustice;

'romotion of full emlo!ment among their resi#ents;

*aintenance of eace an# or#er; an#

'reservation of the comfort an# convenience of their inhabitants.

()at are t)e / branc)es of t)e general welfare cla#se,

(1) 6hose or#inances F resolutions necessar! to carr! into effect an# #ischargeo"ers an# #uties conferre# uon the municial council b! la"; an#

(2) 6hose or#inances F resolutions necessar! an# roer to rovi#e for thehealth an# safet!, romote the roserit!, imrove the morals, eace, goo#or#er, comfort, an# convenience of the municialit! an# the inhabitantsthereof, an# for the rotection of roert! therein.

(1.'. v. 'alaveria)

Ordinances . acts deemed #ltra vires and void%

-n or#inance imosing a ca#aver transfer fee "hich is a!able "henever a

ca#aver, reviousl! interre# in a burial lace, is remove# therefrom fortransfer to a rivate cemeter! in aloocan it!, an# "hich is #istinct from theburial fee (0iray v. &ity of &aloocan)

-n or#inance re0uiring entities selling a#mission tic/ets to movies, ublic

e5hibitions, games, contests, or other erformances to charge onl! half4ricefor chil#ren bet"een 412 !ears ol# (alacuit v. &4 of Agusan del Norte)

Leasing of ublic laa to ven#ors (0illanueva v. &astaneda)

Ordinances . acts deemed valid #nder t)e general welfare cla#se%

- municial or#inance rescribing the onification an# classification of

merchan#ise an# foo#stuff sol# in the ublic mar/et (Ebona v. Munici#ality ofDaet)

- roclamation reserving certain arcels of the ublic #omain situate# in

*alabon for street "i#ening an# ar/ing sace uroses ()e#ublic v.Gonzales)

-n or#inance rohibiting the la!ing of games such as#anguingue% o/er%#aris5#aris(an# other games of chance) on #a!s not +un#a!s or legalholi#a!s (1.'. v. 'alaveria)

on#emnation an# #emolition of buil#ings foun# to be in a #angerous or

ruinous con#ition "ithin the authorit! rovi#e# for b! municial or#inances(&hua 6uat v. &A)


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- resolution confirming F ratif!ing a >urial -ssistance 'rogram e5ten#ing

financial assistance to bereave# families (inay v. Domingo)

- oning or#inance "hich #eclares an area as a commercial one an#

regulates the location of funeral homes therein (Patalinghug v. &A)

Notes

6o constitute ublic use, the ublic in general shoul# have e0ual or common rights to

use the lan# or facilit! involve# on the same terms, ho"ever limite# in number theeole "ho can actuall! themselves of it at a given time. ()e#ublic v. Gonzales%citing various cases)

6he number of users is not the !ar#stic/ in #etermining "hether roert! is roerl!

reserve# for ublic use or ublic benefit. ()e#ublic v. Gonzales,

0batement of n#isances

Comment /ecs" 001 and 0#2 of the LGC grant the /angguniang 3ayan and/angguniang 4anlungsod+ respectively+ the power to 5declare+prevent or abate any nuisance"6 7he provisions of the Code donot ma8e a distinction between nuisanceper seand nuisance

per accidens+ thus creating a presumption that LGUs can abateall 8inds of nuisances without need of a 9udicial order"

*owever+ the 9urisprudence holds that LGUs can abatee:tra9udicially only nuisancesper se" *ow should thisdiscrepancy be reconciled.

Study carefully the followin!

7he Civil Code provisions regarding nuisances;

() Basic &ervices and acilities

()at are t)e basic services and facilities w)ic) LG+s m#st provide tot)eir constit#ents,

&'(')G'* M1N&PAL*7 P)"0N&E &*7

-gricultural suortservices

-griculture an#fisher! e5tension an#on4site researchservices an# facilities

-gricultural e5tensionan# on4site researchservices an# facilities;organiation of farmersan# fishermen?scooeratives

+ee municialit! an#rovince

ealth services +ame; health centersan# clinics

ealth services,inclu#ing hositals an#tertiar! health services


+ocial "elfare

services

+ame +ame, inclu#ing rebel

returnees an#evacuees, reliefoerations, oulation#ev?t services

+ee municialit! an#

rovince

General h!giene an#sanitation

+ame +ee municialit! an#rovince

+oli# "astecollection

+oli# "aste #isosals!stem or



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environmentalmanagement s!stem

Hatarungang

ambaranga!%- +ee municialit! an#

rovince

*aintenance of

roa#s, bri#ges an#"ater sul!s!stems

Aoa#s, bri#ges,

communal irrigation,artesian "ells,#rainage, floo#control

+imilar to those for

municialit!

+ee municialit! an#

rovince

Infrastructurefacilities (e.g. laamulti4urose hall)

*unicial buil#ings,cultural centers,ublic ar/s


Information an#rea#ing center

Information services,ta5 an# mar/etinginformation s!stems,an# ublic librar!

Ugra#ing an#mo#erniation of ta5information an#collection services


+atellite or ublic

mar/et

'ublic mar/ets,

slaughterhouses

+ee municialit! an#

rovince

Imlementation ofcommunit!4base#forestr! roects

nforcement offorestr! la"s, limite# tocommunit!4base#forestr! roects,ollution control la",small4scale mining la",mini4h!#roelectricroects for localuroses


+chool buil#ings +ee municialit! an#rovince

'ublic cemeter! +ee municialit! an#rovince

6ourism facilities 6ourism #evelomentan# romotionrograms


'olice, fire stations,ail

+ame +ee municialit! an#rovince

In#ustrial research an##eveloment services


Lo"4cost housing an#

other mass #"ellings

+ee municialit! an#

rovince

Investment suortservices


Inter4municialtelecommunicationservices

-#e0uatecommunication an#transortationfacilities

1ow s)all t)ese basic services and facilities be f#nded,

rom the share of LGUs in the rocee#s of national ta5es an# other local

revenues an# fun#ing suort from the national government, its instrumentalitiesan# G&s "hich are tas/e# b! la" to establish an# maintain such services orfacilities. (LG& 'ec. 89 +g,,

(') ower to "enerate 3evenue

()at are t)e powers granted to LG+s #nder 2ec 34 of t)e LGC,


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Un#er this rovision, LGUs have the o"er an# authorit! to

(1) establish an organiation that shall be resonsible for the efficient an# effectiveimlementation of their #eveloment lans, rogram obectives an# riorities;

(2) create their o"n sources of revenue an# to lev! ta5es, fees, an# charges "hich

shall accrue e5clusivel! for their use an# #isosition an# "hich shall be retaine#b! them;

(3) have a ust share in national ta5es "hich shall be automaticall! an# #irectl!release# to them "ithout nee# of an! further action;

($) have an e0uitable share in the rocee#s from the utiliation an# #eveloment ofthe national "ealth an# resources "ithin their resective territorial uris#ictionsinclu#ing sharing the same "ith the inhabitants b! "a! of #irect benefits;

(:) ac0uire, #evelo, lease, encumber, alienate, or other"ise #isose of real orersonal roert! hel# b! them in their rorietar! caacit! an# to al! their

resources an# assets for ro#uctive, #evelomental, or "elfare uroses, in thee5ercise or furtherance of their governmental or rorietar! o"ers an#functions an# thereb! ensure their #eveloment into self4reliant communitiesan# active articiants in the attainment of national goals.

(+) $minent omain

()at are t)e re5#isites for t)e e-ercise of eminent domain b$LG+s,

(1) 5ercise# b! the chief e5ecutive;(2) 'ursuant to an or#inance;

(3) or ublic use, or urose, or "elfare for the benefit of the oor an# thelan#less;

($) Uon a!ment of ust comensation (base# on the fair mar/et value at thetime of the ta/ing, not at the time of a!ment);

(:) @ali# an# #efinite offer ha# reviousl! been ma#e to the o"ner, an# suchoffer "as not accete#. (LG +ec. 1E)

(7) 3eclassi#ication o# lands

()at are t)e re5#isites for valid reclassi6cation of lands b$ LG+s,

(1) 6he LGU must be either a cit! or municialit!;

(2) 'ublic hearings are con#ucte# for the urose;

(3) 6he sanggunian asses an or#inance authoriing the reclassification ofagricultural lan#s an# rovi#es for the manner of their utiliation an##isosition;

($) 6he urose for reclassification is either

(a) 6he lan# has cease# to be economicall! feasible an# soun# foragricultural uroses as #etermine# b! the D-; or

(b) 6he lan# shall have substantiall! greater economic value for

resi#ential, commercial, or in#ustrial uroses, as #etermine# b! thesanggunian concerne#.

(:) 6he reclassification #oes not e5cee# the follo"ing limits at the time of theassage of the or#inance

6ighly urbanized and inde#endent 1: of total agriculturalcom#onent cities! lan# area


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&om#onent cities% 8stto :rdclass 1Jmunici#alities!

(thto ;thclass munici#alities! :

E3ce#tion 7hen the LGU is authorie# b! the 'resi#ent "henublic interest so re0uires an# uonrecommen#ation of the %D-.

(B) omliance "ith the re0uirements of national government agencies

omrehensive Lan# Use 'lan arove# b! the LUA> (in the case

of rovinces, highl! urbanie# cities, in#een#ent comonent citiesan# the cities an# municialities of *.*.) or the +angguniang'anlala"igan (in the case of comonent cities an# municialities);

ertification from the local LUA> secif!ing the total area of one#

agricultural lan#s in the LGU concerne# base# on the arove#omrehensive Lan# Use 'lan or Koning &r#inance rior to thealication for conversion;

ertification from the %ational Irrigation -#ministration that the area to

be reclassifie# is not covere# un#er 'res. -.&. 2J, series of 1EE2;

ertification from the D-A in#icating that such lan#s are not

#istribute# or covere# b! a %otice of @aluation un#er -A'; an#

ertification from D%A that the area alie# for reclassification has

been classifie# as alienable an# #isosable, an# is not nee#e# for

forestr! uroses in case the area alie# for falls "ithin ublic lan#s.(-& 3B3, +ec. 1> (:))

Di'erentiate reclassi6cation* land #se conversion* and &oning

)eclassification Land 1se&onversion


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(1) 6hose o"ne# b! the Government or an! of its sub#ivisions,instrumentalities, or agencies, inclu#ing G&s an# theirsubsi#iaries;

(2) -lienable lan#s of the ublic #omain;(3) Unregistere# or aban#one# an# i#le lan#s;

($) 6hose "ithin the #eclare# -reas for 'riorit! Develoment, Konalimrovement sites, an# +lum Imrovement an# Aesettlement'rogram sites "hich have not !et been ac0uire#;

(:) >LI++ sites "hich have not !et been ac0uire#; an#(B) 'rivatel!4o"ne# lan#s. (A- 2E, +ec. E)

6hus, in the case of 4ilstream nternational v. &A "here rivate lan#s"ere subecte# to e5roriation rocee#ings for socialie# housing"ithout rior resort to the ac0uisition of other lan#s, the +ureme ourthel# that the roert! o"ner?s right to #ue rocess "as violate# an# setasi#e the e5roriation or#er accor#ingl!.

(8) Closure and oening o# roads

()at are t)e re5#irements for a valid permanent clos#re,

()at are t)e re5#irements for valid temporar$ clos#re,

(9) Cororate owers

()at are t)e re5#isites for entering into a contact b$ t)e LG+,72ec //c8

Di'erentiate p#blic from private . patrimonial propert$

(1) Authorit to :egotiate and &ecure "rants

(11) !iabilit #or amages

Di'erentiate between s#abilit$ and liabilit$

Can t)e doctrine of estoppel be applied against m#nicipalcorporations,

Governmental v proprietar$ f#nctions

*. Intergovernmental relations between nationalgovernment and !"45s

(1) $;ecutive &uervision

()at is t)e power of t)e "resident over LG+9s,

General suervision, to ensure that the acts of LGUs are "ithin the scoe of their rescribe# o"ers an# functions. (-rt. , +ec. $, 1E9 onstitution)

Direct suervisor! authorit! over rovinces, highl! urbanie# cities,

an# in#een#ent comonent cities

+uervision over comonent cities an# municialities throughrovinces

+uervision over baranga!s through cit! an# municialit! (LG +ec.

2:)


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-lso, the 'resi#ent ma! #irect the aroriate national agenc! to rovi#efinancial, technical, or other forms of assistance to an LGU uon its (the LGU?s)re0uest. (LG +ec. 2:c)

Di'erentiate between control and s#pervision

&ontrol 'u#ervision

'o"er of an officer to alter or mo#if! or &verseeing or the o"er ornullif! or set asi#e "hat a subor#inate authorit! of an officer to see thatofficer ha# #one in the erformance of subor#inate officers erform theirhis #uties an# to substitute the u#gment #uties. If the latter fail or neglectof the former for that of the latter to fulfill them, the former ma! ta/e(Mondano v. 'ilvosa, such action or ste as rescribe#

b! la" to ma/e them erform these#uties. (Mondano v. 'ilvosa,

What is the nature of the power of the +ecretar of ustice to review the

constitutionalit or legalit of tax ordinances and revenue measures%

6he o"er grante# b! +ec. 19 of the Local Government o#e to the +ecretar!of =ustice to revie" the constitutionalit! or legalit! of ta5 or#inances an# revenuemeasures is a mere act of suervision an# not of control. 6he +ecretar! of=ustice is not ermitte# to submitte# his o"n u#gment for the u#gment of thelocal government that enacte# the measure. (Drilon v. Lim)

()at is t)e doctrine of 5#ali6ed political agenc$,

-ll e5ecutive an# a#ministrative organiations are a#uncts of the 5ecutiveDeartment, the hea#s of the various e5ecutive #eartments are assistants an#

agents of the hief 5ecutive, an#, e5cet in cases "here the hief 5ecutive isre0uire# b! the onstitution or la" to act in erson on the e5igencies of thesituation #eman# that he act ersonall!, the multifarious e5ecutive an#a#ministrative functions of the hief 5ecutive are erforme# b! an# through thee5ecutive #eartments, an# the acts of the +ecretaries of such #eartments,erforme# an# romulgate# in the regular course of business, are, unless,#isarove# or rerobate# b! the hief 5ecutive resumtivel! the acts of thehief 5ecutive. (De Leon v. &ar#io% as -uoted in &ar#io v. E3ecutive 'ecretary)

(0) 3elations with hiliine :ational olice

()at is t)e e-tent of operational s#pervision and control of local

c)ief e-ec#tives over t)e ")ilippine :ational "olice,

'A&@I%I-L G&@A%&A

+hall choose the rovincial #irector from a list of 3 eligibles

recommen#e# b! the '%' regional #irector;

hairman of the rovincial eace an# or#er council; shall oversee the

imlementation of the rovincial ublic safet! lan (A- BE:, +ec. :1(a))

Deutie# agent of the %ational 'olice ommission in his uris#iction.

-s such, he can insect olice forces an# units, con#uct au#it, an#e5ercise other functions as authorie# b! the ommission. (A- 9::1,+ec. B$)

=N"*E! 1nless reversed by the President% this de#utation may besus#ended or withdrawn by the National Police &ommission% u#onconsultation with the #rovincial governor and congressman concerned%for any of the following grounds!


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+a, 4re-uent unauthorized absences>+b, Abuse of authority>+c, Providing material su##ort to criminal elements> or+d, Engaging in acts inimical to national security or whichnegate the effectiveness of the #eace and order cam#aign.

1#on good cause shown% the President may% directly or through the&ommission% motu #ro#rio restore such de#utation withdrawn. +)A ?@@8%'ec. ;@,

I6M -%D *U%II'-L *-M&A+

+hall e5ercise oerational suervision an# control8 over '%' units in

their resective uris#ictions, e5cet #uring the 3J4#a! erio#imme#iatel! rece#ing an# follo"ing an! national, local or baranga!elections. (A- BE: +ec. :1 (b), as amen#e# b! A- 9::1)

= the #ower to direct% su#erintend% and oversee the day5to5day functions

of #olice investigation of crime% crime #revention activities% and trafficcontrol in accordance with the rules and regulations #romulgated by theNational Police &ommission. t liewise includes the #ower to em#loyand de#loy units or elements of the PNP.

hairman of local eace an# or#er council; shall #evelo an#

establish an integrate# area F communit! ublic safet! lantembracing riorities of action an# rogram thrusts for imlementationb! the local '%' stations;

ave the #ut! to sonsor erio#ic seminars for members of the '%'

assigne# to #etaile# in his LGU in or#er to u#ate them regar#ing

local or#inances an# legislations;

ave the o"er to imose, after #ue notice an# summar! hearings,

#iscilinar! enalties for minor offenses8 committe# b! members ofthe '%' assigne# to their resective uris#ictions

= "ffenses #unishable by withholding of #rivileges%restriction to s#ecified limits% sus#ension or forfeitureof salary% or any combination thereof for a #eriod of8;5:B days. +)A ;C9@% 'ec. (8 +a, +2,,

ave the authorit! to choose the hief of 'olice from a list of :

eligibles recommen#e# b! the rovincial olice #irector;

*a! recommen# the recall or reassignment of the hief of 'olice

"hen, in the ercetion of the local eace an# or#er council, suchhief of 'olice has been ineffective in combating crime or maintainingeace an# or#er in the cit! or municialit!

ave the authorit! to recommen# to the rovincial #irector the

transfer, reassignment, or #etail of '%' members outsi#e of theirresective cit! or to"n resi#ences;

ave the authorit! to recommen# the aointment of ne" members of

the '%' to be assigne# to their resective cities from a list of eligiblesreviousl! screene# b! the eace an# or#er council or municialities

ave control an# suervision over anti4gambling oerations

(A- BE:, +ec. :1 (b) ($), as amen#e# b! A- 9::1)

Deutie# agents of the %ational 'olice ommission(%-'&L&*) in

his uris#iction. -s such, the! can insect olice forces an# units,


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con#uct au#it, an# e5ercise other functions as authorie# b! theommission. (A- 9::1, +ec. B$)

=1nless reversed by the President% this de#utation may be sus#ended orwithdrawn by the NAP"L&"M% u#on consultation with the #rovincialgovernor and congressman concerned% for any of the following grounds!

+a, 4re-uent unauthorized absences>+b, Abuse of authority>+c, Providing material su##ort to criminal elements> or+d, Engaging in acts inimical to national security or whichnegate the effectiveness of the #eace and order cam#aign.

1#on good cause shown% the President may% directly or through the&ommission% motu #ro#rio restore such de#utation withdrawn. +)A ?@@8%'ec. ;@,

-s the deputi#ation of municipal and cit maors as agents of the)'P.LC. a usurpation of the power of control of the )'P.LC. over

the P)P%

%o. 6here is no usuration of the o"er of control of the %-'&L&* un#er+ection :1 of A- BE: because un#er this ver! same rovision, it is clear that thelocal e5ecutives are onl! acting as reresentatives of the %-'&L&*. -s such#euties, the! are ans"erable to the %-'&L&* for their actions in the e5erciseof their functions un#er that section. 6hus, unless counterman#e# b! the%-'&L&*, their acts are vali# an# bin#ing as acts of the %-'&L&*.

6he same hol#ing is true "ith resect to the contention on the oerationalsuervision an# control e5ercise# b! the local officials. 6hese officials "oul#siml! be acting as reresentatives. (&ar#io v. E3ecutive 'ecretary)

(*) Inter-!ocal "overnment 3elations

()at is t)e nat#re of t)e relations)ip of t)e province and t)e citiesand m#nicipalities wit)in its territorial ;#risdiction,

&om#onent cities / munici#alities! 'rovince, through the governor, shallensure that the cit! F municialit! acts "ithinthe scoe of its rescribe# o"ers an#functions.

6ighly urbanized cities

nde#endent com#onent cities! In#een#ent of the rovince.

Review of E-ec#tive Orders 7LGC 2ec


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If the revie"ing authorit! fails to act on sai# &s "ithin 3J #a!s after

their submission, the! shall be #eeme# consistent "ith la" an#therefore vali#.

() 3elations with eoles5 and :ongovernmental


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(0) hose removed #rom o##ice as a result o# an administrative case (!"C &ec. (b))@

6o be vali#, a #ecision in a#ministrative cases involving local elective officials

ren#ere# b! the +anggunian must

(a) be in "riting;

(b) state the facts an# the la" on "hich it "as base#; an#(c) be signe# b! the members ta/ing art in the #ecision. (Malinao v. )eyes)

7here an a#ministrative case file# against an elective local official is not #eci#e#

before the e5iration of his term of office, his subse0uent reelection oerates asa con#onation of his revious miscon#uct an# he cannot be remove#.(Aguinaldo v. 'antos)

7here a #eut! sheriff "as #ismisse# from the service uon conviction for

serious miscon#uct an# "as barre# from reinstatement to an! osition in nationalor local government, it "as hel# that such bar onl! alie# to aointiveositions. e "as not #is0ualifie# from running for an elective osition. (Gregov. &"MELE&)

Comment /ee the case of Beyes v" C!


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-ualified to run for an elective office under such &ode unless said #erson haswaived his status as #ermanent resident or immigrant of a foreign country inaccordance with the residence re-uirement #rovided for in the election laws.

(7) he insane or #eeble-minded (!"C &ec. (g))@

(8) ' 991).

@ote4bu!ing has its criminal an# electoral asects. Its criminal asect to

#etermine the guilt or innocence of the accuse# cannot be the subect ofsummar! hearing. o"ever, its electoral asect to ascertain "hether theoffen#er shoul# be #is0ualifie# from office can be #etermine# in ana#ministrative rocee#ing that is summar! in character. (Nolasco v.

&"MELE&)

+b, 0oluntary renunciation +Dima#oro v. Mitra,

+c, 'ervice for : consecutive terms in the same #osition+LG& 'ec. (: +b,,

6he term limit for elective local officials must be ta/en to refer to the right to

be electe# as "ell as the right to serve in the same elective osition.onse0uentl!, it is not enough that an in#ivi#ual has serve# 3 consecutiveterms in an elective local office. e must also have been electe# to the sameosition for the same number of times before the #is0ualification can al!.

(or$a v. &"MELE&)

()at are t)e e'ects of t)e 6ling of a dis5#ali6cation case,

-n! can#i#ate "ho has been #eclare# b! final u#gment to be #is0ualifie# shall not be

vote# for, an# the votes cast for him shall not be counte#.

If for an! reason a can#i#ate is not #eclare# b! final u#gment before an election to be

#is0ualifie# an# he is vote# for an# receives the "inning number of votes in suchelection, the ourt or &*L shall continue "ith the trial an# hearing of the action,in0uir! or rotest an#, uon motion of the comlainant or an! intervenor, ma! #uring theen#enc! thereof or#er the susension of the roclamation of such can#i#ate "heneverthe evi#ence of his guilt is strong.()A ;;(;% 'ec. ;)

C. $lection Cases involving local elective o##icials% rocedures

Aeal o! decisions o! COMELEC

6he fact that #ecisions, final or#ers or rulings of the &*L in contests involving electivemunicial an# baranga! offices are final, e5ecutor! an# not aealable, #oes not reclu#e arecourse to the +ureme ourt b! "a! of a secial civil action of certiorari. (Galido v.&"MELE&)

E"ecution endin# aeal in election cases

()at are t)e recogni&ed ?good reasons? for e-ec#tion pending appeal inelection cases,

(1) ublic interest involve# or the "ill of the electorate;(2) shortness of the remaining ortion of the term of the conteste# office; an#(3) length of time that the election contest has been en#ing.


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()amas v. &"MELE&)

- combination of t"o or more of these reasons "ill suffice to grant e5ecution en#ingaeal.

Note! 6he filing of a bon# #oes not constitute a goo# reason. o"ever, the trial

court ma! re0uire the filing of a bon# as a con#ition for the issuance of acorreson#ing "rit of e5ecution to ans"er for the a!ment of #amages "hich theaggrieve# art! ma! suffer b! reason of the e5ecution en#ing aeal.

$%ter& li&it !or elective o'cials

6he term limit for elective local officials must be ta/en to refer to the right to be electe# as "ellas the right to serve in the same elective osition. onse0uentl!, it is not enough that anin#ivi#ual has serve# 3 consecutive terms in an elective local office. e must also have beenelecte# to the same osition for the same number of times before the #is0ualification can al!.(or$a v. &"MELE&)

. acancies and successions

()en does a permanent vacanc$ arise,

2e5#ence for a#tomatic s#ccession

@emporar$ vacancies

Leaves of absence

$. !ocal legislation

()o e-ercises local legislative power,

LG+ Local legislativepower

"residing O>cer

'rovince +angguniang 'anlala"igan @ice4Governor

it! +angguniang 'anlungso# it! @ice4*a!or

*unicialit! +angguniang >a!an *unicial @ice4*a!or

>aranga! +angguniang >aranga! 'unong >aranga!

8 6he resi#ing officer shall vote onl! to brea/ a tie. (LG& 'ec. (C +a,,

Veto power b$ local c)ief e-ec#tive

Dho may veto Governor, cit! ma!or or municial ma!or(LG +ec. :: (a));

Dhat may be vetoed -n! or#inance of the sangguniang anlala"igan,anlungso#, or ba!an in its entiret!;

-n! articular item or items8 of an

-roriations or#inance;

&r#inance or resolution a#oting a local

#eveloment lan an# ublic investment

rogram; &r#inance #irecting the a!ment or mone! or

creating liabilit!.

8n this case% the veto shall not affect the item /s notob$ected to.

Grounds 6he or#inance is ultra viresor reu#icial to the ublic


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"elfare.

()at are t)e tests of a valid ordinance,

(1) It must not contravene the constitution or an! statute;(2) It must not be unfair or oressive;

(3) It must not be artial or #iscriminator!;($) It must not rohibit but ma! regulate tra#e;(:) It must be general an# consistent "ith ublic olic!;(B) It must not be unreasonable.

(Magta$as v. Pryce Pro#erties> *atel v. Munici#ality of 0irac,

Di'erentiate an ordinance from a resol#tion

"rdinance )esolution

%ature La" *erel! a #eclaration of thesentiment or oinion of a

la"ma/ing bo#! on asecific matter

'ermanence General an# ermanent 6emorar! in nature

%ee# for 3r#rea#ingQ Ae0uires a 3r#rea#ing Does not re0uire a 3r#rea#ing, unless #eci#e#other"ise b! a maorit! ofall the +anggunianmembers

(cf. Munici#ality of Parana-ue v. 0.M. )ealty &or#.)

. udicial intervention

". iscilinar actions

Di'erentiate preventive s#spension of elective local governmento>cials #nder t)e Local Government Code and #nder t)e Omb#dsman0ct 7R0 ABB=8%

Local Government Code0(' 12345

.m!udsman 'ct0(' 31145

Groun#s 7hen evi#ence of guilt is strong,

an# given the gravit! of the offense,there is great robabilit! that thecontinuance in office of thereson#ent coul# influence the"itnesses or ose a threat to thesafet! an# integrit! of the recor#san# other evi#ence. ('ec. ;:)

7hen evi#ence of guilt is strong,

an# (a) the charge against suchofficer or emlo!ee involves#ishonest!, oression or gravemiscon#uct or neglect in theerformance of #ut!; (b) thecharges "oul# "arrant removalfrom the service; or (c) thereson#entPs continue# sta! inoffice ma! reu#ice the case file#against him. ('ec. 2()

7ho ma!imose

'resi#ent, governor, or ma!or, asthe case ma! be

&mbu#sman or his Deut!

Length ofsusension

*a5imum of BJ #a!s for an! singlereventive susension

If several a#ministrative cases arefile#, susension shall not be morethan EJ #a!s "ithin a single !ear onthe same groun# or groun#se5isting an# /no"n at the time of

Until case is terminate# b! &ffice of&mbu#sman, but not more than Bmonths

E3ce#tion 7hen the #ela! inthe #isosition of the case b! the&mbu#sman is #ue to the fault,negligence or etition of the


20/22


the first susension. reson#ent, in "hich case theerio# of such #ela! shall not becounte# in comuting the erio# ofsusension.

Di'erentiate between preventive s#spension and s#spension as a

penalt$

Notes on sus#ension as a #enalty!

annot e5cee# the une5ire# term of the reson#ent or a erio# of B months for

ever! a#ministrative offense;

+uch enalt! shall not be a bar to the can#i#ac! of the reson#ent so susen#e# as

long as he meets the 0ualifications re0uire# for the office

-n! a#ministrative #iscilinar! rocee#ing against reson#ent is abate# if in the meantime he isreelecte#, because his reelection results in a con#onation of "hatever miscon#uct he might

have committe# #uring his revious terms. (Malinao v. )eyes)

()at are t)e gro#nds for disciplinar$ actions,

()at is t)e proced#re for administrative complaints,

()at are t)e re5#isites for t)e validit$ of decisions in administrativecomplaints rendered b$ t)e pertinent 2angg#nian,

(1) 6he #ecision must be in "riting;(2) It must state clearl! an# #istinctl! the facts an# the reasons for such #ecision;(3) It must be signe# b! the members ta/ing art in the #ecision.

(Malinaov. )eyes)

Can t)e "resident remove an erring local government o>cial,%o. +ec. BJ of the LG rovi#es that removal can be #one onl! b! or#er of the roercourt.

. 3ecall

De6nition

:at#re

!$ w)om e-ercised

Gro#nd

1ow initiated

Election on Recall

E'ectivit$

Limitations

I. uman 3esources eveloment

Resignations

"reventive s#spension of appointive local o>cials

()at are t)e penalties w)ic) a local c)ief e-ec#tive ma$ impose,


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. ractice o# ro#ession

"ractice of profession

()o is a#t)ori&ed b$ law to be co#nsel of LG+9s,

(1) 'rovincial fiscal;(2) 'rovincial attorne!;(3) *unicial attorne!

In w)at instances can a private law$er represent t)e LG+,

(1) 7hen the municialit! is an a#verse art! in a case involving the rovincialgovernment or another municialit! or cit! "ithin the rovince (De Guia v. Auditor5General,

*est as to when a local government official can securethe services of #rivate counsel! %ature of the action an# the relief that is sought

(-linsug v. A6 >ranch :9)

D. he !ocal Boards

@itle III Ot)er "rovisions applicable to LG+9s

A. &ettlement o# Boundar disutes

B. !ocal Initiative and 3e#erendum

Di'erentiate between initiative and referend#m

"roced#re

()at is t)e ;#risdiction of t)e COELEC as regards initiative,Referend#m,

Book II( Local Govern&ent Ta"ation

1ow is income de6ned #nder t)e Local Government Code,

A. a;ation in "eneral

()at is t)e doctrine of s#premac$ of t)e national government overlocal governments in t)e conte-t of ta-ation,

()at is t)e r#le concerning ta-ing powers of LG+9s visvis t)enational government,

GENE)AL )1LE! 6he ta5ing o"ers of LGU?s cannot e5ten# to the lev! ofta5es, fees an# charges of an! /in# on the %ational government, itsagencies an# instrumentalities an# LGU?s. (LG 133)

E3ce#tion! Aeal roert! ta5es (LG 232)

E3ce#tion to e3ce#tion! (LG 23$)

()at are t)e ta- remedies available to t)e ta-pa$er,

A##eal to D"secretary+LG& 8?9,

A##eal to oard ofAssessment

A##eals+LG& 22;,

Payment under#rotest% with a##eal

to AA+LG& 2@2,


22/22


GA&U%D Ruestion onconstitutionalit! orlegalit!

%on4satisfaction"ith action ofassessor

'AI&D 7ithin 3J #a!s fromeffectivit!

7ithin BJ #a!sfrom #ate of receit

of "ritten notice ofassessment

B. 3eal roert a;ation

"ho #ay le$y real property ta%&

(1) 'rovinces;(2) ities;(3) *unicialities "ithin the *etro *anila area (LG 232)

C. !ocal iscal Administration

. roert and &ul 2anagement in the !"45s

$. Internal 3evenue Allocation

Part III( Local Govern&ent )nits

1. he Baranga

-. Hatarunga! 'ambaranga!

>. +angguniang Habataan

0. he 2unicialit

*. he Cit

. he rovince

'. Aointive !ocal . -A

I. he 2etroolitan 2anila eveloment Authorit

"hat is the 'urisdiction of the (()A&

"hat are the duties of the (()A&

local government code reviewer

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