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LocalandRemoteCloudRadiativeEffectImpactsontotheExtratropical AtmosphericCirculation
OliverWatt-MeyerDargan FriersonUniversityofWashington
CFMIP2017Tokyo,Japan
Responseof850hPazonal-meanzonalwindtoa+4Kseasurfacetemperatureanomaly
VoigtandShaw[2016]
Apoleward shiftinallmodels,butmagnitudevariesbyafactorof2
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Modelssuggestthathalformoreofthejetresponsetoglobalwarmingcomesfromchangesinclouds
Ceppi andHartmann[2016]
ResponsetoquadruplingCO2 withcloudslockedtocontrolclimate
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Latitude
Modelssuggestthathalformoreofthejetresponsetoglobalwarmingcomesfromchangesinclouds
Ceppi andHartmann[2016]
ResponsetoquadruplingCO2 withcloudslockedtocontrolclimate
Responsetocloudsbeinglockedto4xCO2 simulationbutwithCO2itselfheldconstant
Latitude
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Ceppi andHartmann[2016]
Modelssuggestthathalformoreofthejetresponsetoglobalwarmingcomesfromchangesinclouds
Latitude
Similarexperiment,butwithaspecified-SSTmodel,insteadofaslab-oceanmodel
VoigtandShaw[2015]2
However,theimpactsofcloudradiativeeffectsontothemidlatitudejetvarywidelyacrossmodels,evenforthepresent-dayclimate
Contours:time-meanzonalmeanzonalwindin“clouds-off”simulation
Shading:differencebetween“clouds-on”and“clouds-off”simulations
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Methods• UsetheCloudsOn-OffKlimate Intercomparison Experiment(COOKIE)
ensemble[Stevensetal.,2012]– Asetofspecified-SSTaquaplanet simulations,inwhichtheradiativetransfer
schemeismadetoignorethepresenceofclouds– Thesesimulationsarecomparedtocontrolsimulationsthatincludecloud
radiativeeffectsinordertoisolatetheimpactsofcloudsontothecirculationoftheatmosphere
• Inaddition,weperformexperimentswiththeGFDL-AM2.1andNCAR-CAM5.3modelsinwhichcloudradiativeeffectsareonlyimposedincertainregions– Tropics:equatorward of30°,extratropics:poleward of30°
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Responseofzonalmeanzonalwindtocloudradiativeeffectsintropicsvs.extratropics inGFDL-AM2.1andNCAR-CAM5.3models
Equatorward of30° Poleward of30°
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Responseofzonalmeanzonalwindtocloudradiativeeffectsintropicsvs.extratropics inGFDL-AM2.1andNCAR-CAM5.3models
Equatorward of30° Poleward of30°
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Equatorward of30° Poleward of30°
[kg/s]
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Responseofmassstreamfunction tocloudradiativeeffectsintropicsvs.extratropics inGFDL-AM2.1andNCAR-CESM1.2models
WhydotropicalcloudsdrivechangesinstrengthofHadleycell?
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Verticaldashedline:latitudeofeddy-drivenjetforclouds-offsimulation
ACRE:AtmosphericCloudRadiativeEffect
Interactionsbetweensubtropicalandmidlatitude jet• AstrengthenedHadleycell,andthusacceleratedsubtropicaljet,leadsto
anequatorward shiftededdy-drivenjet
• Twotheorieshavebeenproposed:– increasedbaroclinicity onthepoleward
flankofthesubtropicaljetwhenitisstrong[LeeandKim,2003]
– changesinmeridional eddypropagationwhenthesubtropicaljetstrengthens[Ceppi etal.,2013]
Ceppi etal.[2013]8
Whatabouttheextratropical clouds?
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• Locally,meridional gradientsinACREwillimpactthelatitudeofmaximumbaroclinicity oftheatmosphere
MeasuretheseeffectsacrossCOOKIEmodels• Eddydrivenjetposition:latitudeofmaximumzonalmeanzonalwindat
850hPa
• Hadleycellstrength:maximumofmassstreamfunction
• ACREgradient:,approximatemeasureofsecondderivativeofACREabout
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,andacrossCOOKIEmodels
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,andacrossCOOKIEmodels
Blue:equatorward shiftRed:poleward shift
Blacklinesshowleast-squaresbestfitto:
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,andacrossCOOKIEmodels
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,andacrossCOOKIEmodels
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Whatabouttheglobalwarmingresponseofthejet?
Responseof850hPazonalwindto+4KSSTperturbation
Cloudsoff Cloudson
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Whatabouttheglobalwarmingresponseofthejet?
Responseof850hPazonalwindto+4KSSTperturbation
Cloudsoff Cloudson
Summary• Acrossmodels,theimpactofcloudradiativeeffectsontothepositionof
themidlatitude jetvarieswidelyinsignandmagnitude• Thisisprimarilycontrolledbyhowmuchcloudradiativeeffectsstrengthen
theHadleycell,andthusacceleratethesubtropicaljet• Animportantsecondarycontrolisthelocalimpactofcloudradiative
effectsontomeridional temperaturegradientsinthemidlatitudes• Worktobedone:
– Implicationsforglobalwarmingresponseofjets?– Whatwouldtheimpactofincludinganinteractiveoceanbe?(greaterroleforlowclouds)
• PaperoutinGRL:”LocalandRemoteImpactsofAtmosphericCloudRadiativeEffectsOntotheEddy-DrivenJet”
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ThisresearchwassupportedbytheNOAAClimateandGlobalChangePostdoctoralFellowshipProgram,administeredbyUCAR’sCooperative
ProgramsfortheAdvancementofEarthSystemScience.
Extraslides
Black:ACREinclouds-onsimulation.Red:ACREinclouds-offsimulation(whereavailable)
Black:ACREinclouds-onsimulation.Red:ACREinclouds-offsimulation(whereavailable)
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,andacrossCOOKIEmodels
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,andacrossCOOKIEmodels