livestock farm practices survey 2005

Beef Cattle Producers

To correct or make changes to this label → See below For interviewer use only

5-5100-494.1 STC/AGR-460-75407

Ce questionnaire est disponible en français. Fully completed

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005 1

005 4

005 2

005 3

004 00

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004 99

In operation

Change of operator

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Out of scope

TO THE RESPONDENT:

To improve overall air quality in Canada and worldwide, agriculture like other industries is asked to quantify emissions of ammonia into the atmosphere. The results of the survey will place Canada among other industrialized countries who have agreed to co-operate to improve air quality around the globe. Because pollutants travel long distances crossing many boundaries, international co-operation is essential for long-term air quality. The information obtained from the survey will guide researchers to improve efficiency of Nitrogen use on farms.

Your farm was selected at random for this survey from a list of beef cattle producers. While participation in this survey is voluntary, your cooperation is important to ensure that the information collected in this survey is as accurate and as comprehensive as possible.

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from publishing any statistics which would divulge information obtained from this survey that relates to any identifiable business, institution or individual without their knowledge and consent. The data reported on this questionnaire will be treated in confidence, used for statistical purposes and published in aggregate form only.

This questionnaire on commercial beef cattle operations deals with feed protein, barn types, manure handling and spreading of manure. The person most knowledgeable about these items should complete the questionnaire.

Change or correction to the address label (if required)

Are there any changes required to the address label?

11 14

12 - 15

13 - 16

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Contact name Telephone

Corporation name Area code

Operator name Telephone

P.O. Box Number and street name

Postal code Post office (name of city, town or village where mail is received)

R.R.

CONFIDENTIALwhen completed

Collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

2005 Livestock Farm Practices Survey

5-5100-494.1 3

The year 2005 was not a normal year for the beef industry due to BSE. This survey is intended to ask about your farming practices. Please think of what practices you would do in a normal year.

For all questions about your cattle raised for beef include the following:

• All cattle or calves on your operation, regardless of ownership, including those that are boarded, custom fed or fed under contract and pastured for others.

• All cattle or calves owned by the operator and held on crown land, community pastures and grazing projects.

For all questions about your cattle raised for beef exclude the following:

• Do not report cattle or calves owned by you but kept on a farm, ranch or feedlot operated by someone else.

Section 1 – General questions *Please refer to a normal year*

1. Approximately how many steers and heifers in total do you normally sell for slaughter per year?

Steers and heifers 1(J00101)

2. Approximately how many cattle (feeders) do you normally sell to finisher barns or feedlots per year?

Cattle (sold to finisher barns or feedlots) 2(J00201)

3. Approximately how many calves and young beef animals do you normally sell per year as feeders or for backgrounding?

Calves and young animals (sold for backgrounding) 3(J00301)

4.

5. 6.

What would best describe your beef operation? Check all that apply Cow-calf ........ ............ ............ ............ 1(J00401)

Backgrounding ........... ............ ............ 2(J00402)

Finishing ....... ............ ............ ............ 3(J00403)

Do you harvest forage to feed your beef animals?

Yes ........... 1(J00501) Answer questions 6 to 12

No ............ 2(J00502) Go to Section 2 (page 4)

What proportion of your forage receives manure or nitrogen fertilizer? Include hay and silage.

Less than 25%....... ............………………. 1(J00601)

Between 25% and 75%...... ............……… 2(J00602)

More than 75% ...... ............ ………….. .… 3(J00603)

Don’t know ………………………………….. 4(J00604)

5-5100-494.1 4

7. On average, how many harvests of forage do you take from each field per year?

One........... ............ ............…………………… 1(J00701)

Two........... ............ ............…………………… 2(J00702)

More than two........ ............…………………… 3(J00703)

8. What stage is first-cut forage when you harvest it?

Three or more days before full head or full bloom ... 1(J00801)

Within three days of start of full head or full bloom ... 2(J00802)

Three or more days after start of full head

or full bloom........... ............ ............ 3(J00803)

9. On average, how old are your forage stands?

Less than five years old......…………………. 1(J00901)

Five years old or more ………………………. 2(J00902)

10. On average, what proportion of your forage is alfalfa or other legume? Is it …?

Less than 10%....... ............ ............………… 1(J01001)

From 10% to less than 25% ............………… 2(J01002)

From 25% to less than 50% ............………… 3(J01003)

50% and more ....... ............ ............………… 4(J01004)

11. What proportion (percentage) of total forage you store is…?

%

Hay ........... ............ 1(J01101)

Silage........ ............ 2(J01102)

Do not store forage 3(J01103)

12. Which of the following describes the storage method? Check all that apply.

For hay, is it: …?

Bales uncovered............ ............……….. 1(J01201)

Bales or bale rows wrapped in plastic..... 2(J01202)

Bales under roof or tarp. ............ ............ 3(J01203)

For silage, is it: …?

Uncovered bunker or heap........ ............ 4(J01204)

Bunker or heap under roof or tarp.......... 5(J01205)

Wrapped bales (in plastic)......... ............ 6(J01206)

Tower silo ........ ............ ............ ............ 7(J01207)

5-5100-494.1 5

Section 2 – Grazing steers, heifers and cows *Please refer to a normal year*

13.

14.

Do you keep grazing steers, heifers and cows on pasture or on grazed crop land for some or all of the year?

Yes.......... ............ ............ 1(J01301) Answer Section 2

No............ ............ ............ 2(J01302) Go to Section 3 (page 7)

During the warm season (from May to October), how many steers, heifers and cows on average are on pasture or grazed crop land in your operation at any one time?

How many steers?

Steers 1(J01401)

How many heifers (backgrounding and replacement)?

Heifers (backgrounding and replacement)2(J01402)

How many cows (dry or with unweaned calves)?

Cows (dry or with unweaned calves)3(J01403)

4(J01404) Not applicable (animals not on pasture in warm season)

15. During the cold season (from November to April), how many steers, heifers and cows on average are on pasture or grazed crop land in your operation at any one time?

How many steers?

Steers1(J01501)


Heifers (backgrounding and replacement) 2(J01502)



4(J01504) Same as warm season

5(J01505) Not applicable (animals not on pasture in cold season)

16. During the warm season (from May to October), what is your average stocking rate for all animals on pasture or grazed crop land?

hectares per1(J01601) animal(s)2(J101602)

------------------------------------------------------Or--------------------------------------------------------------------

acres per3(J01603) animal(s)4(J01604)

1 Not applicable (animals not on pasture in warm season)

17. During the cold season (from November to April), what is your average stocking rate for all animals on pasture or grazed crop land? Exclude calves (under one year).


------------------------------------------------------Or--------------------------------------------------------------------


(J01705) Not applicable (animals not on pasture in cold season)

5-5100-494.1 6

18.

In which months do you pasture some or all your animals? Check all that apply.

April to May.... ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J01801)

June to August............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J01802)

September to November ......... ............ ............ 3(J01803)

December to March .... ............ ............ ............ 4(J01804)

All year round. ............ ............ ............ ............ 5(J01805)

19. Which of the following apply to the largest pasture that you use? Check all that apply. Is it …?

Native range or old seeded pasture ..... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J01901)

Irrigated in some years ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J01902)

Fertilized in the last two years ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J01903)

Fertilized between three and five years ago ..... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 4J01904)

Does it have …?

Mostly grass, less than 10% alfalfa or other legume ..... ............ ............ ............ ............ 5(J01905)

From 10% to 25% alfalfa or other legume ........ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 6(J01906)

Over 25% to 50% alfalfa or other legume.......... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 7(J01907)

More than 50% alfalfa or other legume ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 8(J01908)

Is there …?

A hay crop taken off this pasture most years .... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 9(J01909)

Scrub brush or woodlot accessible to animals .. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 10(J01910)

Shade trees ... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 11(J01911)

Shelter buildings, windbreaks or natural shelters for animals ..... ............ ............ ............ 12(J01912)

20. What is the average stocking rate of your largest pasture (same pasture as in question 19)?


----------------------------------------------------------Or----------------------------------------------------------------


21. In this pasture, what percentage of time do animals gather around small areas like feeding or watering areas, salt or trees?

Less than 5%. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J02101)

5% to less than 10%... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J02102)

10% to less than 25%. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J02103)

25% and more ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 4(J02104)

None . ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 5(J02105)

22. How is water supplied to the animals on the largest pasture? Check all that apply.

Water trough or valved waterers ......... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J02201)

Dugout ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J02202)

Natural source (creek, stream, river, slough, pond, lake)............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J02203)

23. Which of the following describe your grazing rotations: …? Check all that apply

There is no rotational grazing .. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J02301)

Pasture is allowed to rest part of the grazing season..... ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J02302)

Stock is rotated every month or more often using 2 paddocks............ ............ ............ 3(J02303)

using 3 to 4 paddocks..... ............ ............ 4(J02304)

using more than 4 paddocks ....... ............ 5(J02305)

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25. Which months do you supply feed to these animals? Check all that apply.

April to May..... ............ ............ ............ 1(J02501)

June to August ............ ............ ............ 2(J02502) September to November .......... ............ 3(J02503)

December to March..... ............ ............ 4(J02504)

All year round . ............ ............ ............ 5(J02505)

26. Between April and September, which of the following describes what you feed to animals on pasture? Check all that apply.

Is it…?

Creep feed supplement for calves .. ............ ............ 1(J02601)

Range cubes or similar ...... ............ ............ ............ 2(J02602)

Whole corn silage . ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J02603)

Cereal hay or silage ........... ............ ............ ............ 4(J02604)

Grain corn or cereal ........... ............ ............ ............ 5(J02605)

Forage (grass) with: 50% and more alfalfa or other legume ............ 6(J02606)

25% to less than 50% alfalfa or other legume . 7(J02607) 10% to less than 25% alfalfa or other legume . 8(J02608)

less than 10% alfalfa or other legume ............ 9(J02609)

Straw........ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 10(J02610)

Cut swath . ...... ............ ............ ............ ............ 11(J02611)

Feed bought from mill ........ ............ ............ ............ 12(J02612)

Other, specify: _________________________ 13(J02613)

24. Do you provide feed to animals kept on pasture, other than minerals?

Yes ............ 1(J02401)

Answer questions 25 to 27

No ............ 2(J02402)

Go to Section 3 (page 7)

27. Between October and March, which of the following describe what you feed animals on pasture? Check all that apply.

Does it include …?

Creep feed supplement for calves .. ............ ….…...... 1(J02701)

Range cubes or similar ...... ............ ………….………. 2(J02702)

Whole corn silage …........ ............ ............ …........ 3(J02703)

Cereal hay or silage ........... ............ ............ ………... 4(J02704)

Grain corn or cereal ........... ............ ............ ............ 5(J02705)

Forage (grass) with: 50% and more alfalfa or other legume ............ .. 6(J02706)

25% to less than 50% alfalfa or other legume . .. 7(J02707)

10% to less than 25% alfalfa or other legume . .. 8(J02708)

less than 10% alfalfa or other legume ............ .. 9(J02709)

Straw........ ............ ............ ............ ............ ……….... 10(J02710)

Cut swath ............ ............ ............ ………. 11(J02711)

Feed bought from mill ........ ............ ............ ............ .. 12(J02712)

Other, specify: ________________________________13(J02713)

Not applicable (not on pasture in winter) ..... ............ .. 14( J02714)

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Section 3 – Corrals: steers, heifers and cows *Please refer to a normal year*

For this survey, corrals are defined as outdoor holding areas that are smaller than feedlots with little grazing:

Includes small fields with between 50 and 200 head per hectare (25 to 100 head per acre)

Does not include handling pens

28.

29.

Do you keep steers, heifers and cows in corrals for some or all of the year?

Yes.......... ............ ............ 1(J02801) Please complete Section 3

No............ ............ ............ 2(J02802) Go to Section 4 (page 10)

During the warm season (from May to October) how many steers, heifers and cows on average are in corrals at any one time?

How many steers?

Steers1(J02901)





(J02904) Not applicable (animals not kept in corrals in warm season)

30. During the warm season (from May to October), what is your average stocking rate for all animals in corrals?


------------------------------------------------------Or--------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------Or--------------------------------------------------------------------

square metres/yards per5(J03005) animal(s)6(J03006)

(J03007) Not applicable (animals not kept in corrals in warm season)

31. During the cold season (from November to April) how many steers, heifers and cows on average are in corrals?

Steers1(J03101)



(J03104) Not applicable (animals not kept in corrals in cold season)

5-5100-494.1 9

32.

During the cold season (from November to April), what is your average stocking rate for all animals in corrals?


------------------------------------------------------Or--------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------Or--------------------------------------------------------------------


(J03207) Not applicable (animals not kept in corrals in cold season)

33. In which months are some or all of your animals in corrals? Check all that apply.

April to May.... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J03301)

June to August............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J03302)

September to November ......... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J03303)

December to March .... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 4(J03304)

All year round. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 5(J03305)

34. Which of the following describe what you feed your animals in corrals?

Check all that apply.

Does it include …? Creep feed supplement for calves........ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J03401)

Range cubes or similar ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J03402)

Whole corn silage ....... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J03403)

Cereal hay or silage.... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 4(J03404)

Grain corn or cereal .... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 5(J03405)

Forage (grass) with:

50% and more alfalfa or other legume.... ............ ............ ............ ............ 6(J03406)

25% to less than 50% alfalfa or other legume ..... ............ ............ ............ 7(J03407)

10% to less than 25% alfalfa or other legume ..... ............ ............ ............ 8(J03408)

less than 10% alfalfa or other legume.... ............ ............ ............ ............ 9(J03409)

Straw. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 10(J03410)

Feed bought from mill . ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 11(J03411)

Other, specify: ________________________________________________ 12(J03412)

35. Do you remove manure pack from your corrals?

Yes.... ............ ............ ............ 1(J03501)

No .... ............ ............ ............ 2(J03502)

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37.

What is the bedding material? Check all that apply.

Straw or other crop residue ............ ............ ............ 1(J03701)

Sawdust, wood chips or shavings .. ............ ............ 2(J03702)

Paper crumb or other forest product............ ............ 3(J03703)

Sand, gravel or other mineral product ......... ............ 4(J03704)

Other, specify: ________________________ 5(J03705)

36. Is any bedding provided to animals in the corrals?

Yes .. ............ 1(J03601)


No ... ............ 2(J03602)

Go to question 39 38. Approximately how much bedding in corrals do you use per year?

Cubic yards/metres1(J03801) --Or--

Number of large bales2(J03802)

--Or--

Number of small bales3(J03803)

--Or--

Tonnes (metric)4(J03804)

--Or--

Tons (imperial)5(J03805)

--Or--

6(J03806) Other units

Specify units:_________________________7(J03807)

Don’t know 8(J03808)

*Remaining questions of this section are about your largest corral*

39. How is water supplied to animals in your largest corral? Check all that apply.

Water trough or valved waterers .......... ............ ............ ............ 1(J03901)

Dugout ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J03902)

Natural source (creek, stream, river, slough, pond, lake)............ 3(J03903)

40. What is the average stocking rate of your largest corral?


------------------------------------------------------Or--------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------Or--------------------------------------------------------------------


Which of the following apply to the largest corral? Check all that apply. 41.

Does it include …?

Vegetation for animals to graze............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J04101)

Not enough vegetation to make any difference in their diet ........ ............ 2(J04102)

Shelter structures for animals.. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J04103)

Bush or trees for animal shelters.......... ............ ............ ............ ............ 4(J04104)

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42. How is manure managed in your largest corral?

Manure is removed less than once each year... ............ ............ ............ 1(J04201)

Manure is removed once per year........ ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J04202)

Manure is removed more often than once per year ...... ............ ............ 3(J04203)

Land is harrowed to work in cow pies... ............ ............ ............ ............ 4(J04204)

Section 4 – Barns or feedlots: steers, heifers and cows

*Please refer to a normal year*

43. Do you keep animals mainly in barns or mainly in feedlots for some or all of the year?

Would you say: …?

Yes, mainly in barns ...... ............ ............ 1(J04301) Please complete Section 4

Yes, mainly in feedlots... ............ ............ 2(J04302) Please complete Section 4

Neither . ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J04303) Go to Section 5 (page 14)

44. During the warm season (from May to October) how many steers, heifers and cows on average are in barns or feedlots at any one time?

How many steers (at any one time)?

Steers1(J04401)

How many heifers (backgrounding and replacement at any one time)?


How many cows (dry or with unweaned calves at any one time)?


4(J04404) Not applicable (animals not kept in barns or feedlots in warm season)

45. During the warm season (from May to October), what is the average space per animal in barns or feedlots?

Square metres per1(J04501) animal(s)2(J04502) ------------------------------------------------------Or---------------------------------------------------------------

Square feet per3(J04503) animal(s)4(J04504)

5(J04505) Not applicable (animals not kept in barns or feedlots in warm season)

46. During the cold season (from November to April), how many steers, heifers and cows on average are kept in barns or feedlots at any one time?

Steers1(J04601)



1(J04604) Not applicable (animals not kept in barns or feedlots in cold season)

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47.

During the cold season (from November to April), what is the average space per animal in barns or feedlots?

Square metres/yards per1(J04701) animal(s)2(J04702) ------------------------------------------------------Or---------------------------------------------------------------


5(J04705) Not applicable (animals not kept in barns or feedlots in cold season)

48. In which months are some or all of your animals in barns or feedlots?

Check all that apply. April to May.... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J04801)

June to August............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J04802)

September to November ......... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J04803)

December to March .... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 4(J04804)

All year round. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 5(J04805)

49. In a typical year, what is the average live weight of animals that are: …?

Taken into the barn(s) or feedlot(s)

kg per animal1(J04901) --Or-- lb per animal2(J04902)

Shipped from the barn(s) or feedlot(s)

kg per animal3(J04903) --Or-- lb per animal4(J04904)

50. Do you have animals being finished for slaughter kept in barn(s) or feedlot(s)?

Yes....... ............ ............ 1(J05001) Answer questions 51 to 55

No ........ ............ ............ 2(J05002) Go to question 56

51. What is their average amount of feed per day (given to animals finished for slaughter in barns or feedlots)?

kg per animal1(J05101) Or lb per animal2(J05102)

5-5100-494.1 13

52. What proportion (percentage) of total feed for these animals comes from forage (given to animals finished for slaughter in barns or feedlots)? What proportion is …? %

Hay or silage – grass with: more than 50% alfalfa or other legume ……………….…. 1(J05201)

25% to 50% alfalfa or other legume ………………………. 2(J05202)

10% to less than 25% alfalfa or other legume …………… 3(J05203)

less than 10% alfalfa or other legume ……………………. 4(J05204)

Whole corn silage …………………………………………………………………………... 5(J05205)

Cereal hay or silage ………………………………………………………………………... 6(J05206)

Straw …………………………………………………………………………………………. 7(J05207)

53. What proportion of total feed comes from grains or other source? What proportion is …? %

Corn …………………………………………………………………………………………. 1(J05301)

Barley……………………………………………………………………………………….... 2(J05302)

Wheat ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 3(J05303)

Other cereal ………………………………………………………………………………… 4(J05304)

Distillers grains (e.g. distilled oats, barley grain) ………………………………………. 5(J05305)

Other, specify: _____________________________________ 6(J05306)…. 7(J05307)

*** Total of forage, grains and other should add up to 100% ***

54. What supplements or additives do you feed these animals (being finished for slaughter in barns/feedlots)?


Commercial protein supplements ......... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J05401)

Additives to forage such as urea or anhydrous ammonia ........... ............ ............ 2(J05402)


55. What is the crude protein content of their total feed (given to animals finished for slaughter in barns or feedlots)?

%1(J05501) Or


56. 57. Do you have animals backgrounding in barn(s) or feedlot(s)?

Yes ............ 1(J05601)


No ............ 2(J05602)

Go to question 59

What amount of feed is given per animal per day on average (to

animals backgrounding in barns or feedlots)?

kg per animal per day …………………………. 1(J05701)

--Or--

lb per animal per day …………………………… 2(J05702)

--Or--

Other, specify ___________________ 3(J05703) 4(J05704)

5-5100-494.1 14

58. What proportion (%) of total feed is from each type (for animals backgrounding in barns or feedlots)?

What percentage is from: …? %

Creep feed supplement for calves ........ ……… 1(J05801)

Hay or silage (grass) with:

…more than 50% alfalfa or other legume ……. 2(J05802)

…25% to 50% alfalfa or other legume . ………. 3(J05803)

…10% to less than 25% alfalfa or other legume 4(J05804)

…less than 10% alfalfa or other legume............ 5(J05805)

Corn silage ..... ............ ............ ............ ............ 6(J05806)

Cereal hay or silage .... ............ ............ ............ 7(J05807)

Straw ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 8(J05808)

Corn grain ...... ............ ............ ............ ............ 9(J05809)

Barley grain .... ............ ............ ............ ............ 10(J05810)

Wheat grain.... ............ ............ ............ ............ 11(J05811)

Distillers grains............ ............ ............ ............ 12(J05812)

Other, specify: _________________13(J05813)… 14(J05814)

*** Total of forage, grains and other should add up to 100% ***

59. What types of ventilation system are in the barns (if animals are kept in barns)?


Fans switched on automatically with computer . ............ ............ ............ 1(J05901)

Fans switched on automatically with thermostat ............ ............ ............ 2(J05902)

Fans switched on manually ..... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J05903)

Passive ventilation (side curtains, free air or vent panels) ......... ............ 4(J05904)

Other, specify: _____________________________________________5(J05905)

5-5100-494.1 15

61.

What is the bedding material? Check all that apply.

Straw or other crop residue ............ ............ ............ 1(J06101)

Sawdust, wood chips or shavings .. ............ ............ 2(J06102)

Paper crumb or other forest product............ ............ 3(J06103)

Sand, gravel or other mineral product ......... ............ 4(J06104)

Other, specify: _____________________________ 5(J06105)

62. Approximately how much bedding do you use per year for all your beef cattle (in barns or feedlots)?

Cubic yards/metres1(J06201) --Or--

Number of large bales2(J06202) --Or--

Number of small bales3(J06203) --Or--

Tonnes (metric)4(J06204) --Or--

Tons (imperial)5(J06205) --Or--

6(J06206) Other units Specify units:_________________________7(J06207)


60.

63.

Is any bedding provided in the barn(s) or feedlot(s)?

Yes ........... 1(J06001)


No ............ 2(J06002)

Go to question 64

How thick is the manure pack when removed?

Metres1(J06301)

--Or--

Feet2(J06302)

*Remaining questions of this section are about your largest barn or feedlot*

64.

65.

Which of the following apply to the largest barn or feedlot?


Does it have …? No roof cover . ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J06401)

Shelter structures for animals.. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J06402)

Fully covered area or barn....... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J06403)

Slatted floors.. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 4(J06404)

Less than 25% paved area...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 5(J06405)

25% to less than 75% paved area........ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 6(J06406)

75% to 100% paved area ....... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 7(J06407)

What is the average stocking rate in the largest barn or feedlot?

Square metres/yards per1(J06501) animal(s)2(J06502) ---------------------------------Or---------------------------------------------------------------


5-5100-494.1 16

66.

67.

68.

How often is manure removed from the largest barn or feedlot?

Manure is removed less than once each year... ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J06601)

Manure is removed every 3 to 12 months ......... ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J06602)

Manure is removed every 1 to 2 months ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J06603)

Manure is removed more often than once per month .... ............ ............ ............ 4(J06604)

In which months do you remove manure from the largest barn or feedlot?


April to May.... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J06701)

June to August............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J06702)

September to November ......... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J06703)

December to March .... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 4(J06704)

All year round. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 5(J06705)

__________________________________________________________________

Section 5 – Solid manure handling and storage


Do you store solid manure from your beef operation?

Yes.... ............ 1(J06801) Please complete Section 5

No ..... ............ 2(J06802) Go to Section 6 (page 15)

69. How long do you usually store solid manure collected over winter? (December to March)

Is it stored …?

Less than 1 month ...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J06901)

From 1 to less than 6 months .. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J06902)

From 6 to less than 12 months ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J06903)

12 months or longer.... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 4(J06904)

Not stored over winter. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 5(J06905)

70. How long do you usually store solid manure collected from spring to fall? (April to November)

Is it stored …?

Less than 1 month ...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J07001)




Not stored over spring to fall.... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 5(J07005)

71. How do you usually store solid manure? Is it …? Uncovered outdoor piles or bunkers..... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J07101)

Piles or bunkers covered with tarp or straw....... ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J07102)

Piles or bunkers under a roof .. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J07103)

Other storage, specify: _____________________________________ 4(J07104)

5-5100-494.1 17

72. Do you put any additives into the solid manure, to modify odour, pH or nutrient retention? Exclude litter.

Yes ........... 1(J07201) Go to question 73

No ............ 2(J07202) Go to question 74

73. What types of additives do you use? Specify below:

________________________________ 1(J07301)

________________________________ 2(J07302)

74. How do you manage solid manure while it is in storage? Is it …?

Not moved or disturbed ........... ............ ............ ............ ........... ............ ............ 1(J07401)

Moved or disturbed once or twice (e.g. to consolidate a pile or make room for more manure from the barn) ............ 2(J07402)

Routinely and thoroughly mixed or turned (e.g. to accelerate composting) ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J07403)

75. What is the percentage of solid manure handled through each method you use?

What percentage is …? %

Spread on land (by you or someone else)......... ............ ............ ............ 1(J07501)

Composted (then spread on land) ........ ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J07502)

Removed by contractor (don’t know how it is used) ....... ............ ............ 3(J07503)

Other, specify: _______________________________ 4(J07504) .. 5(J07505)

Total must be 100%

___________________________________________________________________

Section 6 – Land spreading of solid manure *Please refer to a normal year*

76. Is solid manure from your beef operation spread on land (spread on any land by the operator or by someone else)?



77.

78.

When the manure is tilled into the soil, what amount would you estimate is still exposed to the air …?

Less than 25% (such as with moldboard plow) . ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J07701)

25% to 50% (such as with disc or chisel plow).. ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J07702)

More than 50% (such as with harrow) .. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J07703)

Of the total amount of solid manure from your beef operation applied on land, what percentage is spread on …?

%

Tilled crop land (most crop residue tilled into soil).. ............ ............ 1(J07801) Answer questions 79 and 80

Reduced till crop land (most crop residue retained on surface) ……. 2(J07802) Answer question 81

Land covered with perennial or forage crops .... ............ ............ 3(J07803) Answer question 81

Other, specify: ___________________________4(J07804). 5(J07805) Go to question 82

Total must be 100%

5-5100-494.1 18

79.

5(J07905)

6(J07906)

July...... ............ ............ ............ 7(J07907)

August. ............ ............ ............ 8(J07908)

September ....... ............ ............ 9(J07909)

October ............ ............ ............ 10(J07910)

11(J07911)

December ........ ............ ............ 12(J07912)ust be 100%

80.

4(J0800

5(J08005)

6(J08006)

July...... ............ ............ ............ 7(J08007)

August . ............ ............ ............ 8(J08008)

September........ ............ ............ 9(J08009)

October ............ ............ ............ 10(J08010)

11(J08011)

December......... ............ ............ 12(J08012)

porated into so

__________________________________________________________________ If solid manure is applied on tilled crop land answer questions 79 and 80. Else go to question 81.

For each period, how many days after spreading is manure incorporated (tilled) into soil?

Of the total (solid) manure applied on tilled soil, what percentage is usually applied in each month?

If different for different fields, give the most common. (Incorporated same day = 0 days). What percentage is applied in …?

Days %

January ........... ............ ............ 1(J08001)January ........... ............ ............ 1(J07901)

February........... ............ ............ 2(J08002)February........... ............ ............ 2(J07902)

March .. ............ ............ ............ 3(J08003)March .. ............ ............ ............ 3(J07903)

April ..... ............ ............ ............ 4)April..... ............ ............ ............ 4(J07904)

May ..... ............ ............ ............May ..... ............ ............ ............

June .... ............ ............ ............ June .... ............ ............ ............

November......... ............ ............

ot applicable (manure is not incor il) N

November ........ ............ ............

............ ............ ............ Total m

All year round at regular intervals 13(J07913) 13(J08013)

___________________________________ ___ ____________________________If solid manure is applied on reduced till, perennial or forage crop land answer question 81.

Else go to question 82.

5-5100-494.1 19

81.

Of the total (solid) manure applied on reduced till crop land, perennial or forage crop land, what percentage is applied in each month? %

January .......... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J08101)

February ........ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J08102)

March ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 3)3(J0810

4(J0810

5(J08105)

June .. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 6(J08106)

July.... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 7(J08107)

August............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 8(J08108)

September ..... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 9(J08109)

October .......... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 10(J08110)

November ...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 11(J08111)

December ...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 12(J08112)

l must be 100

82.

April... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 4)

May ... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............

Tota % All year round at regular intervals 13(J08113)

In the past 3 years, has a chemical analysis of the solid manure been done for levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, micronutrient or moisture content?

Yes........... ............. 1(J08201) Answer 3

No ............ ............. 2(J08202)

83. What were the lab results? (Specify units of per

Unit manure

question 8

Go to question84

measure and range e.g., 45 to 53 kg Nitrogentonne or 0.45 to 0.53% nitrate Nitrogen).

of measure codes: 1 = Kilograms (kg) per (metric) tonne of2 = Pounds (lb) per (imperial) ton of manure 3 = Percentage

Enter range in first eight boxes and enter the decimal point if needed. Enter unit of measure in last box to right e.g.:

0 . 4 5 to 0 . 5 3 3

Lab resul (n b s) of chemical ana sis

oisture content Unit of measure

ts um er ly : M

to 1(J 8301 2(J08302) 3(J08303)

e con

0

r)

Dry matt tent to

4(J 8304 5(J08305) 6(J08306)

0 ) Total Nitrogen (N)

to 7(J 8307 8(J08308) 9(J08309)

m (N

0 ) Ammoniu H4)

to 10( 0 11(J08311) 12(J08312)

(P

J0831

us)

Phosphor )

to 13( 3 14(J08314) 15(J08315) J0831 )

5-5100-494.1 20

84. 85. Do you usually land spread (solid) manure at a particular time of day?

Yes ........... ............ ............ ............ . 1(J08401) Answer question 85

No, it is spread whenever possible… 2(J08402) Go to question 86

Is it usually spread between: …?

10 a.m. and 6 p.m. ......... 1(J08501)

6 p.m. and 10 a.m. ......... 2(J08502)

86. Do you land spread manure when the wind speed is …?

Calm, say below 5 km/hour (a flag might hang or ripple gently at this wind speed) ............ …….. 1(J08601)

Brisk or strong, say about 5 to 9 km/hour (a flag would fly straight out at this wind speed) ……… 2(J08602)

Any speed, the job gets done whenever it is possible ..... ............ ............ ............ ............ …….. 3(J08603)

_______________________________________________________________

Section 7 - Handling and storage of liquid manure *Please refer to a normal year*

87. Do you store liquid manure (slurry) from your beef operation?



88. How long do you usually store liquid manure collected over winter? (December to March)

Is it stored …?

Less than 1 month ...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J08801)




Not stored over winter. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 5(J08805)

89. How long do you usually store liquid manure collected from spring to fall? (April to November) Is it stored …?

Less than 1 month ...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J08901)




Not stored over spring to fall.... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 5(J08905)

90. 91. Do you separate solids from liquid manure (slurry)?

Yes........... .............. 1(J09001) Go to question 91

No ............ .............. 2(J09002) Go to question 92

Not applicable. ….... 3(J09003) Go to question 92

What do you use to separate solids from liquid manure?

Liquid drawn off top of tank ............ 1(J09101)

Settling ponds or weeping walls ...... 2(J09102)

Screens .... ............ ............ ............ 3(J09103)

Presses (belt, screw or other ) ....... 4(J09104)

Other, specify: __________________________ 5(J09105)

5-5100-494.1 21

92.

Which of the following describes the main (or largest) liquid manure storage space you used?

Is it a …?

Tank above ground..... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J09201)

Lined or cement pit ..... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J09202)

Lagoon or dugout in ground .... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J09203)

Other storage, specify: ______________________________________ 4(J09204)

93. Is your main (or largest) liquid manure storage space …?

Open, so rain might get in ....... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J09301)

Covered with a roof..... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J09302)

94. On your main (or largest) liquid manure storage, is there …?

A floating crust formed by the manure.. ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J09401)

A floating cover such as a floating lid or tarp .... ............ ............ ............ 2(J09402)

A floating cover such as straw ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J09403)

No floating cover or crust......... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 4(J09404)

95. How do you usually manage liquid manure while it is in storage? Is it …?

Not aerated or agitated until just before taken out ......... ............ ............ 1(J09501)

Aerated or agitated up to three times per month............ ............ ............ 2(J09502)

Aerated or agitated four times or more per month ......... ............ ............ 3(J09503)

96. What becomes of liquid manure on your operation? Is it …? Check all that apply.


Composted (then spread on land) ........ ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J09602)


Other, specify: _____________________________________ 4(J09604)

97. What percentage of liquid manure (from your beef operation) is handled through each method you use?

What percentage is …?

%



Other, specify: ________________________________ 3(J09703) 4(J09704)

Total must be 100%

98. Do you put any additives into the liquid manure, to modify odour, pH or nutrient retention? Exclude litter.

Yes ........... 1(J09801) Answer question 99

No ............ 2(J09802) Go to question 100

99. What types of additives do you use?

Specify below:

_____________________________ 1(J09901)

_____________________________ 2(J09902)

5-5100-494.1 22

100.

What are the dimensions of the surface area of your main (or largest) liquid manure storage space …? (If oval give length and width. If round give diameter in Box 5 or 6).

feet1(J10001) by feet2(J10002)

-------------------------------------------Or---------------------------------------------------------------

metres3(J10003) by metres4(J10004)

-------------------------------------------Or--------------------------------------------------------------- (Box 5) (Box 6)

diameter in feet5(J10005) diameter in metres6(J10006)

101. What is the depth (pit capacity) of your main (or largest) liquid manure storage?

feet1(J10101) ----Or------------ metres2(J10102)

___________________________________________________________________ Section 8 – Land spreading of liquid manure (slurry)


102. Is liquid manure (slurry) from your beef operation usually spread on land (spread on any land by the operator or by someone else)?



103. Of the total amount of liquid manure from your beef operation applied on land, what percentage is spread on …? %

Tilled crop land (most crop residue tilled into soil).. ............ ............ Answer questions 104 and 105

1(J10301)

(most crop residue retained on surface) 2(J10302)

Land covered with perennial or forage crops .... ............ ............ 3(J10303) Answer question 106

Other, specify: ___________________________ 304)

Reduced till crop land ........ Answer question 106

4(J10 5(J10305) Go to question 107

Total must be 100%

5-5100-494.1 23

104.

5(J10405)

6(J10406)

July...... ............ ............ ............ 7(J10407)

August . ............ ............ ............ 8(J10408)

September ....... ............ ............ 9(J10409)

October ............ ............ ............ 10(J10410)

November ........ ............ ............ 11(J10411)

12(J10412)ust be 100%

105.

4(J1050

5(J10505)

6(J10506)

July...... ............ ............ ............ 7(J10507)

August. ............ ............ ............ 8(J10508)

September ....... ............ ............ 9(J10509)

October ............ ............ ............ 0(J10510)

1(J10511)

2(J10512)

porated into so

___________________________________________________________________ **If applied on tilled land answer questions 104 and 105. Else go to question 106**

Of the total (liquid) manure applied on tilled soil, what percentage is usually applied in each month?

For each period, how many days after spreading is manure incorporated (tilled) into soil? If different for different fields, give the most common (Less than 2 hours = 0 days. From 2 to 24 hours = 0.5 days).

What percentage is applied in …? Days %

January ........... ............ ............ 1(J10501)January ........... ............ ............ 1(J10401)

February........... ............ ............ 2(J10502)February........... ............ ............ 2(J10402)

March .. ............ ............ ............ 3(J10503)March .. ............ ............ ............ 3(J10403)

April ..... ............ ............ ............ 4)April ..... ............ ............ ............ 4(J10404)

May ..... ............ ............ ............May ..... ............ ............ ............

June .... ............ ............ ............June .... ............ ............ ............

November ........ ............ ............

December ........ ............ ............

ot applicable (manure is not incor il) N

December ........ ............ ........................ ............ ............ Total m

All year round at regular intervals 13(J10413) 13(J10513)

___________________________________________________________________ **If applied on reduced till or perennial crop land, answer question 106. Else go to question 107**

106. Of the total (liquid) manure applied on reduced till or perennial crop land, what percentage is applied in each month:

1(J10601)

9(J1060

10(J10610)

11(J10611)

December ...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 12(J10612)l must be 100

All year round at regular intervals 13(J10613)

%

January .......... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............

February ........ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J10602)

March ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J10603)

April... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 4(J10604)

May ... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 5(J10605)

June .. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 6(J10606)

July.... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 7(J10607)

August............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 8(J10608)

September ..... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 9)

October .......... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............

November ...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............

Tota %

5-5100-494.1 24

107. o you usually land spread (liquid) manure at a rticular time of day?

)

108. Is it usually spread between: …?

6 p.m. and 10 a.m. ........ 2(J10802)

Dpa

Yes........... ............ …........ ............ ……. 1(J10701

Answer question 108

No, manure is spread whenever possible. 2(J10702)

Go to question 109

10 a.m. and 6 p.m. ........ 1(J10801)

109. Wh nsistency of the liquid manureat best describes the co on your operation?

Runny like water ......... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J10901)

2(J10902)

110. Wha

Pea soup........ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............

Toothpaste..... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J10903)

t method do you usually use to spread liquid manure?

Give the approximate percentage of total liquid manure spread by each method. What percentage is …?

%

Broadcast over soil surface, over stubble or residue ........... ............ ............ ............ 1(J11001)

Narrow bands on soil surface such as with drop hoses or a sleighfoot ......... ............ 2(J11002)

Shallow injected, where some of the manure remains on the soil surface .... ............ 3(J11003)

Deep injected, where little of the manure remains on the soil surface ........... ............ 4(J11004)

Irrigated (e.g. with a pivot gun) ...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 5(J11005)

Other, specify: ________________________________________6(J11006) . 7(J11007)

Total must be 100%

111. Does the method you use to spread liquid manure

change from season to season?

nswer question 112

No, same method used all year 02)

Go to question 113

112. Do you usually …?

Inje oadcast in summer... 1(J11201)

)

Yes .......... ………… 1(J11101) A

2(J111

ct in spring or fall, br

Other, specify: ______________________2(J11202

Do you usually land spread (liquid) manure when wind speed is …?

Calm, say below 5 km/hour (a flag might hang or ripple gently at this wind speed) ............ ……………… 1(J11301)

out at this wind speed) …………….… 2(J11302)

113.

Brisk or strong, say about 5 to 9 km/hour (a flag would fly straight

Any speed, the job gets done whenever it is possible ..... ............ ............ ............ ............ ………….….. 3(J11303)

5-5100-494.1 25

114. 115. What were the lab results? (Specify units of measure and range e.g., 45 to 53 kg Nitrogen per tonne or 0.45 to 0.53% nitrate Nitrogen).

Unit of measure codes: 1 = Kilograms (kg) per (metric) tonne of manure 2 = Pounds (lb) per (imperial) ton of manure 3 = Percentage

Enter range in first eight boxes and enter the decimal point if needed. Enter unit of measure in last box to right e.g.:

0 . 4 5 to 0 . 5 3 3

Lab results (numbers) of chemical analysis: Moisture content Unit of measure

to 1(J11501) 2(J11502) 3(J11503)

Dry matter content

to 4 (J11504) 5(J11505) 6(J11506)

Total Nitrogen (N)

to 7(J11507) 8(J11508) 9(J11509)

Ammonium (NH4)

to 10(J11510) 11(J11511) 12(J11512)

Phosphorus (P)

to

In the past 3 years, has a chemical analysis of the liquid manure been done for levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, micronutrient or moisture content?

Yes........... ............. 1(J11401) Answer question 115

No ............ ............. 2(J11402) Go to question 116

13(J11513) 14(J11514) 15(J11515)

_____________________________________________________________________

Section 9 - Odour management and nutrient conservation *Please refer to a normal year*

116. At what stage of your operation’s cycle, if any, is the odour of manure stronger than it is usually?


Is it more often stronger during …?

Barn cleaning........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 1(J11601)

Land spreading........ ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J11602)

Agitation of manure . ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J11603)

Mixing or composting ........... ............ ............…......... ............ 4(J11604)

Other, specify: _______________________________ 5(J11605)

No differences throughout the year ... . ........... ............ ............ . 6(J11606)

If no differences in odour throughout the year, go to question 119.

117. How many times per year is the odour of manure from your (beef) operation stronger than it is usually?

Time(s)1(J11701)

118. Usually, how many days per year does this stronger odour of manure last?

Day(s)1(J11801)

5-5100-494.1 26

119. What is the vegetation within 300 metres (1000 feet) to the north and west of your feedlot or barns? Check all that apply.

Nothing tall, there are no trees or tall shrubs (nothing taller than corn, for example) ..... 1(J11901)

Shelterbelt with leafed trees that shed leaves in fall ... ............ ............ ............ ............ 2(J11902)

Shelterbelt with evergreen trees ....... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 3(J11903)

Woodlot or forest ..... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ............ 4(J11904)

120. What is the vegetation within 300 metres (1000 feet) to the south and east of your feedlot or barns? Check all that apply.

Nothing tall, there are no trees or tall shrubs (nothing taller than corn, for example) ..... . 1(J12001)

Shelterbelt with leafed trees that shed leaves in fall ... ............ ............ ............ ............ . 2(J12002)

Shelterbelt with evergreen trees ....... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ . 3(J12003)

Woodlot or forest ..... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ............ . 4(J12004)

Agreement to share data

Thank you for taking the time to participate in our survey. In order to avoid duplication, Statistics Canada has entered into a data sharing agreement under Section 12 of the Statistics Act with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada to share responses from this survey. The Department will not be given your name, address or other identifiers and is required to keep the information confidential and use it only for statistical and research purposes.

121. Do you agree to share this information with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada?

Yes........... ............ 1(J12101)

No ............ ............ 2(J12102)

122.

123.

Would you like to receive a summary report of the survey results?

Yes.... ............ 1(J12201) Answer question 123

No ..... ............ 2(J12202) Go to section 10

What is your e-mail address? Your address will not be shared with any government department.

Enter "MAIL" if the respondent prefers to receive the report by mail.

Section 10 - Operator or interviewer comments 1 Check if comments are written

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Thank you for your cooperation.

livestock farm practices survey 2005

Documents