In this unit, we•discusshowtostayhappyandhealthy•askforandgiveadvice•writeablog

Live well

Vocabulary Vocabulary presentation

1 Read the responses to the question. Who do you agree with?

2 Choose the correct option and complete the sentences so they are true for you. Then discuss your answers.

1 When I’m sad I cheer up / face up to by …

2 The best way to work out / chill out at the gym is …

3 When I’m stressed out, I cut down / calm down by …

4 The person I open up / slow down to most often is …

Vocabulary practice

Warm-up 3 Watch the video.

Warm-up video

Video

What makes you happy?

Reporter Henry Hill asked the people of Winslow what makes them keep smiling.

When I want to cheer up I go and do something physical! I go running or work out at the gym. If I’m stressed out, exercise helps me to calm down and always puts a smile back on my face.

I’m always happy, but that’s because I know how to chill out! Music does it for me … I take my headphones with me wherever I go.

How do I stay happy? Well, I take things slowly! If you slow down and stop running around, you have time to appreciate things more! There’s no need to cut down on all the fun things in life … just do them one at a time!

Unit 4

Well, I think you’re happy if you have friends. If you can open up to people instead of keeping all your troubles to yourself, you can face up to anything.

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The wonderful world of colour4.1Talking about

conditions

Reading and Vocabulary Reading preparation

1 2.01 Read and listen to the blog. How do these colours affect people?

blue green pink red yellow

2 Read the Learn it! box. Then find five phrasal verbs in the blog. Are they transitive or intransitive?

3 Read the blog again. In your notebook, match the comments people left to blog entries A–D. You can use some entries more than once.

1 It certainly is! My dad decided to eat all his meals on blue plates and he lost two kilos!

2 My walls are the same colour as grass but I haven’t had any problems doing homework in my room.

3 That isn’t true because my team wears yellow and last year we won the cup.

4 Great idea! I’m going to follow your example and bring a little happiness into the office!

5 If you mixed blue and green, you’d never get out of bed!

6 It’s not just in schools. It’s also used in fast food restaurants to make you eat quickly and leave.

I’m a teacher and I’m really interested in colour psychology. I try to wear colours which influence students positively. When I want my students to open up, I wear yellow. Yellow also makes grumpy students more cheerful – they smile more when I wear it! However, I wear red when I want a more dynamic mood. Corridors in some American schools are painted red so students walk faster and get to class on time!

C Maria32 Leave a comment

I’m going to paint my bedroom so I’ve done some research into colours. My favourite colour, green, is used in places like hospitals to calm anxious people down and make them relax. So, unless I want to chill out instead of study, I’ll have to think again. Experts say that blue is the perfect colour for both studying and relaxing. I think I’ll choose that, but I’ll use light blue, because dark blue can make a room feel cold and small.

We went to a really cool ‘Food and colour’ exhibition at the museum yesterday and I learned lots. Apparently, if you gave someone blue bread, they probably wouldn’t eat it. Why? Well, there isn’t much blue food in shops and restaurants, and when we do see it, it is usually because the food is bad. You won’t feel so hungry if you put a blue light in your fridge! That could be a good way to cut down on food.

A Tammy1 Leave a comment

I’m Jessica Roberts, an artist who absolutely loves colour! Research has shown that colour affects our mood, and that’s definitely true in my case. I can’t imagine life in black and white! I’ve created this blog to discover how other people feel about colour, so write a comment below to say how important it is in your life.

B Cool guy Leave a comment

Common error

Transitive verbs take a direct object. Intransitive verbs don’t take a direct object.

Transitive: I switched the TV off. Intransitive: I got up at 7.00 a.m.

Learn it!

THe ColouRs Blog1

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Unit 4

4 Replace the words in italics with the highlighted words from the blog.

1 I’m sure I’ll be very nervous about my driving test.

2 Andy seems very tired today.

3 We felt quite happy until we heard the terrible news.

4 Katie is energetic and gets things done quickly.

5 Luke was in a bad mood yesterday.

Vocabulary practice

Grammar The first and second conditional Grammar animation

5 Read the sentences and answer the questions in your notebook.

A You won’t feel so hungry if you put a blue light in your fridge.B Unless I want to chill out instead of study, I’ll have to

think again.C If you gave someone blue bread, they probably wouldn’t eat it.

1 Which sentences are in the first conditional and which are in the second conditional?

2 Which tenses do we use in the first conditional and which do you use in the second conditional?

3 Which conditional sentences talk about possible future situations and which talk about imaginary situations?

4 Which word can we use instead of if ?

5 What do you notice about the use of commas in conditional sentences?

6 In your notebook, complete the sentences with the correct first conditional form of the verbs.

be late feel more awake not be hungry pass the exam

1 Unless you hurry up, we … for school.

2 What subjects will Tom study next year if he … ?

3 If we walk to school, we … when we arrive.

4 If you eat that cake, you … at dinner time.

7 In your notebook, complete the sentences with the correct second conditional form of the verbs.

1 (…) we (feel) more relaxed if we (paint) the sitting room a different colour?

2 Amy (help) us if she (be) here.

3 If I (get) a part-time job, I (not see) my friends very often.

8 In your notebook, complete the sentences with the correct first and second conditional form of the verbs.

be do have look not use

Harry I’ve decided that I need to paint my bedroom.

Amelia Why? What’s wrong with it? I’d be really happy if I (1) … a bedroom like yours.

Harry I think the walls are too dark. Unless I (2) … something soon, it’ll start to get me down! What colours would you use if you (3) … me?

Amelia Well, if you (4) … on the internet, you’ll find lots of information on how colours can improve your room and your mood. If I were you, I (5) … red because you’d never be able to chill out!

Grammar practice

Language in action 9 In your notebook, complete the sentences

with your own ideas about colours.

If I decorated my bedroom, …

If I designed the school sports kit, …

If I had to paint the school, …

If I decorated my bedroom, I’d choose yellow because it cheers me up.

10 Discuss your ideas. Can you persuade other students to agree with you?

I’d apologize if I were you.

In the second conditional, we can also use were instead of was after I and he / she.

RecycleRecycle

D Rainbow Harry Leave a comment

Our new basketball coach has some funny ideas! First, he wanted to paint the opponents’ changing room pink. Apparently, some professional sports teams do this because pink slows people down and makes them a bit sleepy ! The club agreed to that, but they didn’t agree to his next idea: changing the club colours from yellow to red. According to a magazine article, we would win more often if we wore red. Studies show that teams in red win more games and that they get more positive decisions from referees!

Language summary SB page 58 Grammar and vocabulary reference WB page 113

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Are you feeling stressed out by all the essays and exams? Then come and work out at the college gym or join one of our sports teams. Research shows that sport makes you happier, healthier, fitter and improves concentration. Follow our simple tips to achieve great results and avoid these typical injuries and problems:

1 Do lots of stretching before and after exercise to avoid aching muscles .

2 Lift the right weights for your body strength to avoid a sore back or stiff neck .

3 Wear the right footwear for your sport to avoid swollen ankles .

4 Do exercises to improve your balance and coordination. This should help you avoid serious injuries such as dislocated shoulders and broken legs .

5 Learn the right techniques in racket sports to avoid a sprained wrist .

6 Wear protective equipment to avoid bruised knees and cuts.

7 Shower and dry yourself immediately after doing sport to avoid itchy skin .

8 Check the ingredients of any cream or medicine you use for sports injuries, as they can cause allergic reactions .

Reading, Vocabulary and Listening

Vocabulary presentation

1 Read the web page and look at the photos. Have you ever suffered with any of the highlighted problems? Which tips do you think are most useful?

Vocabulary practice

Listening preparation

2 2.02 Listen to the podcast. Where did the two sports stars get injured and what were their injuries?

3 2.02 Listen again and answer the questions in your notebook.

1 How many hours do most professional sports people spend training every day?

2 Why, apart from improving fitness, do professional sports people train?

3 What was Kim Clijsters doing when she got injured?

4 What did she miss because of her injury?

5 What was Steve Morrow doing when he got injured?

6 Where did he spend the evening?

4 2.02 Listen again. Which of these sentences do you hear in the podcast? Which are for agreeing and which are for disagreeing?

Vocabulary practice

Functional languageAgreeing and disagreeingDefinitely / Exactly! / I don’t think that’s possible. / I’m not convinced about that. / I’m not sure about that! / I know what you mean. / Me too! / That’s impossible. / That’s right.

Sporting injuries4.2

Kim Clijsters won a number of Grand Slam titles. What is a Grand Slam title and how many are there each year?

Research it!

Campus sportsHome to the college sports community

Home News Clubs Results Podcasts Contact

Talking about past conditions

50 Complete all activities in your notebook.

Unit 4

Grammar The third conditional Grammar animation

5 Read sentences A–C. Then, in your notebook, write the correct option to complete the rules.

A If they had known about the consequences of their actions, they would’ve chosen to do things differently!

B She wouldn’t have missed a Grand Slam tournament if she hadn’t danced.

C What would you have done if you had been Morrow?

1 We use the third conditional to imagine a different past / present.

2 In the if clause, we use the past simple / past perfect simple.

3 We use would have / will have + infinitive in the other clause.

4 The if clause always comes first.

5 We only use a comma sometimes when the if clause comes first / second.

6 In your notebook, complete the sentences with the correct third conditional form of the verbs in brackets. Then match the names to the descriptions.

Lionel Messi Michael Jordan Miguel Indurain Venus Williams

1 If he / she (not move) to Spain for special medical treatment when he / she was 11, perhaps he / she (not win) so many FIFA Golden Ball awards.

2 If he / she (not start) playing tennis with his / her sister at the age of four, … they (become) the world’s number one player?

3 The NBA (never choose) him / her as the greatest basketball player of all time if he / she (listen) to people who said that he / she was too short for the game.

4 Perhaps he / she (not win) the Tour de France five times if his / her father (not buy) a racing bicycle.

7 In your notebook, rewrite the sentences using the third conditional.

Jack broke his leg. He didn’t play in the final.

If Jack hadn’t broken his leg, he would have played in the final.1 Kailash dislocated his shoulder in the match. He

missed school for a few days.

2 Amy didn’t recover from her injury. She didn’t run in the marathon.

3 Lucy trained hard all summer. The trainer chose her for the team.

4 Nick wore new trainers. He had sore feet after the game.

8 In your notebook, complete the text with the correct third conditional form of the verbs in brackets.

Grammar practice

Language in action 9 Write a short text about a sports person that you

admire. Say what they have done and what they would / wouldn’t have done if their situation had been different. Use exercises 6–8 as a model.

Language summary SB page 58 Grammar and vocabulary reference WB page 113

If Claire Lomas (1 not have) a horse riding accident at the age of 27, she (2 not lose) the use of her legs. But Claire didn’t let her injury get her down. She decided to take part in the London Marathon. Claire used special robotic legs instead and finished the marathon in 17 days! If she (3 use) a specially designed wheelchair, it (4 be) easier. Her body was aching and sore when she finished but she (5 not collect) £210,000 for medical research if she (6 not do) it. Claire later did a 400-mile charity cycle ride across England on a special bike.

Focus on … PE

Go to page 126

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Reading and Vocabulary

1 2.03 Read and listen to the article. Which of the following topics are mentioned?

accidents clothing entertainment food houses illness schools sports transport

2 Read the article again. Are the sentences true, false or not in the text? Justify your answers and correct any false sentences in your notebook.

1 Skin freezes very quickly if the temperature is very low.

2 Unless temperatures drop below -25°C, most students go outside inbetween their lessons.

3 Generally, life carries on as normal unless there is a snowstorm.

4 There are lots of indoor activities for Winnipeggers to do when it’s really cold.

5 If you want to play spongee, go to any Canadian city.

6 Winnipeggers only use the Skywalk if they go out in winter.

Reading extension

3 Read the Language point. Then look again at the sentences in exercise 2. Which two words can we use instead of if ?

Grammar practice

Zero conditional

… it isn’t so great if you slip and end up with a broken bone.

When we want to talk about the result of something that is always true, we use the zero conditional.

Language point

Staying healthy

in a cold climateAround the world4.3

One third of Canada lies within the Arctic Circle, and much of the land is permanently frozen. Although it lies south of the Arctic Circle, the city of Winnipeg occasionally experiences freezing winters with temperatures of -50°C – lower than they sometimes are on Mars! So what do Winipeggers do to stay happy and healthy during the winter?

Surviving the

Canadian winter

Keeping warmExtremely low temperatures can cause the skin to freeze after only a few minutes, so when the thermometer reaches -50°C, the people of Winnipeg need to be extra cautious. Several layers of clothing are necessary, with thermal underwear next to their bodies and a thick parka on the outside; air gets trapped between the layers and keeps them warm. It is also essential that they keep their heads, hands and feet covered as these are the parts of the body that lose heat most easily. But wrapping up warm is not the only important thing. They also make sure that they have plenty of hot food and drink, and of course they keep active, which brings us to the next point …

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Unit 4

4 In your notebook, write the correct option to complete the definitions of the highlighted words.

1 A thermometer measures A rainfall. B temperature. C wind.

2 Thermal underwear keeps you A cool. B freezing. C warm.

3 A parka is a type of A coat. B footwear. C skirt.

4 If you wear layers of clothing, you could wear A a dress only. B a vest, a shirt and a sweater. C a sweater and a pair of trousers.

5 Snowshoes stop you from A slipping. B surviving. C walking.

6 An avalanche occurs when A it rains. B people fall over on the ice. C snow and ice fall.

Vocabulary practice

Word builder Adjective suffixes

5 Find the adjective forms of these nouns and verbs in the article. Then use them to complete the sentences in your notebook.

access (n) caution (n) nation (n) norm (n) sense (n) vary (v)

1 There are (…) ways you can keep warm. Try a few of them.

2 The facilities are not (…) to students. Do not enter.

3 Be (…) when you walk on ice. If you’re … move you’ll fall back up.

4 What is the (…) sport in your country?

5 Wearing thermal underwear is a very (…) idea when it’s freezing – you’d be silly not to.

6 It’s (…) to feel nervous when you first skate on the ice – everyone feels that way!

Vocabulary practice

Language in action

6 Imagine you go on a winter holiday with your family every year. Use the prompts to discuss the things you take with you and what you do when you are there. Use the zero conditional and vocabulary from this page.

•When we (go skiing / go hiking) we always (pack parkas / wear thermal underwear).

• If we go (out in the evening / outside / back to the hotel) we (travel by car / wear lots of layers / sit by the fire).

• Unless it’s (absolutely freezing), we (go skiing / go for a walk / go shopping) every day.

Staying fit and healthySitting around doing nothing is never a good way to stay fit, but if it’s freezing, it’s even more important to keep your body moving. Although most schools in Winnipeg cancel outdoor breaks at around -25°C, for much of the time, sports and exercise carry on as normal – even when there is a snowstorm or freezing fog. There are various activities that Winnipeggers can choose from, including skating on the world’s longest ice skating trail at The Forks, participating in the national sport of ice hockey or playing a variation called spongee which is unique to the city. It is similar to ice hockey except that the players run on the ice wearing shoes instead of skates!

Avoiding injuryDoing winter sports may be fun, but it isn’t so great if you slip and end up with a broken bone. Winnipeggers avoid accidents when they are out and about in a number of ways. First of all, when they go out … they stay in! They use the Skywalk, which is a network of heated walkways and tunnels connecting several kilometres of shops, offices and places entertainment. But even when they really go out, they make sure they wear sensible snowshoes to avoid slipping. They also stay away from places where there could be an avalanche . And when the worst happens, first aid kits are accessible in many places.

So how do Winnipeggers survive the winters? The answer is they are always prepared and they have adapted perfectly to the cold climate.

Culture videoVideo

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Unit 4

Reading and Speaking

1 Read the guide to exam success and discuss the tips. Which tips do you use when you are studying for exams? Add one more.

Listening and Vocabulary

2 2.04 Listen to the conversation. Which of the tips are discussed?

3 2.04 Listen to the conversation again. Complete the sentences in your notebook.

1 My advice (…) to study for half an hour.

2 You (…) stop studying at least an hour before bed time.

3 Have you (…) listening to some quiet music?

4 If I (…) you, I (…) a hot drink.

5 You (…) just have a hot bath.

4 Give advice about one of the following topics. Use the phrases from exercise 3 and the Functional language box.

balancing work and play eating healthily getting a good night’s sleep staying safe on the internet

5 2.05 Listen to the phrases. Which syllables have strong stress and which have weak stress? Listen again and repeat the phrases.

Asking for and giving advicePractical English4.4

Sentence stress

What should I do to get fit? If I were you, I’d get some sleep. What would you do if you passed your exams? My advice would be to eat lots of vegetables.

Say it!The heAlthy guide to exam successThere is more to revising than sitting at your desk for hours.

Read on to find out how to get great results all round.

First of all it’s important to remember to eat well. Keep away from sweet snacks and eat nutritious food that can actually help you to remember things. Fish, walnuts and eggs are good examples. It’s even more important to drink plenty of water – if you don’t, your memory won’t work properly.

Don’t burn the candle at both ends. If you’re exhausted when you do the exam, all your hard work will be wasted. Make sure you get at least seven hours’ sleep every night.

Scientists have proved that taking regular breaks really helps your brain to memorize things, and if you do some physical exercise too you will remember facts even more easily. So do a few stretches or even a crazy dance routine between study sessions.

Last but not least … don’t stress about your stress! It’s normal. Sometimes it can even help you to be successful.

good luck!

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Unit 4

6 2.06 DICTATION Listen and write the four sentences you hear in your notebook. Then match the sentences to these words.

caffeine cocoa fish sleep

7 Read the Speaking strategy and use the phrases to describe the words in the box.

Language in action Speaking preparation

8 Choose one of the situations and ask for and give advice. Use the Functional language box to help you. Use paraphrasing when you can’t think of the exact words.

1 You want to take a year off to travel and work before you go to university. You aren’t sure what to do during your year off. Ask for advice about things to do, places to go, where to stay and what kind of work to look for.

2 You want to get fit. Ask for tips about health, diet and exercise.

Then paraphrase the advice you were given to explain it to the class.

What should I do … ?

Would you suggest … ?

If I were you, …

You could …

Paraphrasing

If you can’t remember the exact word you want to use, find a different way to express it so you can keep talking.

Explain the word, using simpler words if necessary:

It’s a kind of …Use comparisons and opposites: It’s similar to … /

It’s the opposite of … Describe what it does: It’s something that … /

It’s what you do when …

burn dance snack stretches

Speaking strategy

Functional languageAsking for adviceWhat do you think I should do? Would what you do if you were me?Would you suggest … ? (+ -ing)Giving adviceIf you … , you will … (+ infinitive)If I were you, I’d … (+ infinitive)My advice would be to … (+ infinitive)Make sure you … (+ infinitive)Have you thought about … ? (+ -ing)You could … (+ infinitive)You should / shouldn’t … (+ infinitive)You ought to … (+ infinitive)

Practical English WB page 83

9 Watch the video.

Interactive video

Dialogue practice

Your turn

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Model text

1 Read the blog. Which benefits does the blogger mention?

1 She gets more exercise.

2 She eats a balanced diet.

3 She is in a relaxing place.

4 She has no responsibilities.

5 She meets nice people.

6 She does something useful.

2 Read the blog again. In your notebook, answer the questions with Week 1, Week 2 or Week 3. In which blog entry / entries does the blogger talk about … ?

1 eating

2 a painful part of her body

3 the organization’s beliefs

4 the area around her place of work

5 the children’s emotions

6 her physical condition

3 Would you consider visiting an urban farm? Justify your answer.

Writing a blog4.5

Week 1: Friday 26th January

I’ve just joined the Urban Farmers, a group of young people who believe in creating a beautiful green space in the middle of grey concrete cities. I volunteer at an urban farm one afternoon a week. If only I’d heard about this earlier! The people there are really friendly and the farm is a great place for chilling out after a busy day at school. I spent the first afternoon planting vegetables, which was good fun, but now I’ve got sore knees!

Week 2: Friday 2nd February

I worked with a group of young kids this afternoon. We started by feeding the animals – there are chickens, sheep and two cows. The experience really helped the kids to open up and they enjoyed themselves a lot. Later we moved all the materials and tools for planting vegetables. Now I’m really tired! I wish I was fit! Well, I’ll be in good shape soon!

Week 3: Friday 9th February

The kids were very excited this afternoon so we calmed them down by feeding them instead of the animals! We made omelettes with eggs from the farm’s chickens and vegetables from the farm. The kids thought that was cool! Urban Farmers believe that if you teach kids where their food comes from, they’ll respect animals and the environment and eat more healthily. I couldn’t agree more!

inner-City fArm girl

What is the origin of the word blog?

Research it!

56 Complete all activities in your notebook.

Unit 4

4 Read the Language point and look at the photo. Write If only / I wish sentences about the boy’s regrets in your notebook. Use the correct tense.

If only and I wish

If only I had heard about them earlier! I wish I was fit!

We use if only and I wish to talk about regrets. We use if only with the past perfect simple for past regrets. We use I wish with the past simple for present regrets.

Language point

Focus on writing Formal / informal English

5 Is the blog written in formal or informal English? Justify your answer.

6 Which of the features can you find examples of in the blog?

active verbs first person narrative (I, we) colloquial words short forms (I’ve) long forms (I have) passive verbs phrasal verbs third person narrative (they, people) furthermore, however and, but, also

7 In your notebook, copy and complete the table with the items from exercise 6.

Less common in blogs More common in blogs

active verb forms

8 In your notebook, rewrite the underlined words and expressions in the blog entry in informal English.

0 I’ve

Writing extension

Writing task Writing preparation

9 Write a blog about a free-time activity and its benefits. Choose an activity that you have taken up recently or invent one.

Day 4: Friday 16th February(0 I have) decided to review my first month at the urban farm. If I (1 was not) an urban farmer, I (2 would not) know how to plant and grow vegetables. (3 Furthermore,) (4 I have) met some great people here and really enjoy working with the (5 children). The big city sometimes gets me down, but working with the Urban Farmers (6 makes me happier!)

Day 1: Tell readers what activity you have taken up. Say what the people are like and where you do it. Mention something about your first experience of the activity.I’ve just joined / taken up … I spent the first day / class / session + -ingDay 2: Give more details about what you do. Talk about the reactions the activity produces in you and other people. Explain how you feel when you finish the activity and mention any changes that it might produce in you. The experience really … Well, I’ll be … soon!Day 3: Talk about another experience you had and describe the things that you have learned. Mention any objectives that the free-time activity has and give your opinion.… believe that if you …

Writing reference WB page 92

1 I didn’t go to the farm yesterday.

2 I don’t eat enough fruit and vegetables.

3 I had an argument with my best friend last week.

4 I have to walk to school every day.

5 I didn’t feed the animals.

6 I don’t sleep very well.

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Unit 4

Unit 4 Game VOC APP

Language summaryUnit 4

Grammar and vocabulary reference WB page 113 Refer to pages 50 and 55 for Functional language.

Phrasal verbscalm (sb) downcheer (sb) upchill outcut downface up toopen upslow (sth) downwork out

Aches and painsaching musclesallergic reactionbroken legbruised kneedislocated shoulderitchy skinsore backsprained wriststiff neckswollen ankle

Extra vocabulary anxious (adj)cheerful (adj)dynamic (adj)grumpy (adj)sleepy (adj)

avalanche (n)layer (n)parka (n)snowshoes (n)thermal underwear (n)thermometer (n)

Word builderaccessiblecautiousnationalnormalsensible various

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The first conditional

If / Unless + present simple, will / won’t + infinitive

Unless means the same as if + negative verb.

If they pass their exams, I’ll buy them a nice present. / You won’t get better unless you rest. / What will you do if Janine has an allergic reaction?

The first conditional talks about the result of a possible future situation.

The second conditional

If + past simple, would + infinitive

I would choose red as our team colour if I were the captain. / My friends wouldn’t leave me if I had a broken leg. / Which colour would you choose for the school uniform if you were the headmaster?

The second conditional talks about the result of an imaginary situation.

The third conditional

If + past perfect, would have + past participle

If they had played in the rain, they would have fallen in the mud. / Louise wouldn’t have bought the jumper if she had known it was too small. / What would you have done if you had been in that situation?

We use the third conditional to talk about a different past.

The zero conditional

If / When / Unless + present simple, present simple

If you like festivals, go to Glastonbury. / Unless it snows, we always walk to school. / Does the ground freeze when temperature drops below 0°C?

wish / if only

If only and I wish mean the same thing.

We use I wish with the past simple to talk about present regrets.

We use If only with the past perfect to talk about past regrets.

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Vocabulary Grammar

58 Complete all activities in your notebook.