live stock and fishries

7/31/2019 Live Stock and Fishries

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THE ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY OF BAHAWALPUR

LIVESTOCK & FISHERIES IN

PAKISTAN


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INTRODUCTIONMAJOR AREAS

ISSUES

CURRENT & FUTURE POTENTIOL

CONSTRAINTS

DEPARTMENTS

FISHERIES AND INTRODUCTION

DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIESCURRENT SCENARIO

CHALLENGES

SUGGESTIONS


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LIVESTOCK AND FISHERIES IN

PAKISTAN

INTRODUCTION

Agriculture 49%

GDP 11.2% Exports 10%

Growth rate of 4-5%

Avg. growth of 2.8%

Reason of lower

growth rate

Purpose


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Fisheries 3.5%

2000-2005 1.2% Reason

Scope for improvement

Constraints for development

Constraints for exports


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Technical services up to village levelregarding disease control

Providing training to rural farmer regardingmodern technologies for establishment

Providing modern technologies regarding

increasing production Development measures to increase theefficiency of Agriculture sub-sector


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Animal Quarantine Department(AQD):The department is responsible to regulate

the import, export and quarantine of animals andanimal products in order to prevent the

introduction or spread of diseases.


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Livestock Wing (LW):The LivestockDivision, (now Livestock Wing) was created in

1974 to organize the activities of livestock sector. MINFAL:is mainly responsible for policy

formulation,economic coordination and planning

in respect of food grain, agricultural & livestock.


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MINFAL:is mainly responsible for policyformulation,economic coordination and planning

in respect of food grain, agricultural & livestock.


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Between 1955 and

1996,population

increased by Buffalo increased by

248%, cattle by 75%,

sheep by 277%, goats

by 530%, camels by33% and poultry by

4255%.


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There are an estimated 20.7 millionbuffaloes, 17.9 million cattle, 30.5 million

sheep, 47.6 million goats, 1.2 millioncamels and 380 million poultry.

Annual production is 1.029 million tones ofbeef, 1.003 million of mutton, 385,000 ofpoultry meat and 20.95 million of milk, inaddition to 5.915 billion eggs (LivestockWing 1997).


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Table gives the distribution among

provinces.specie

s

pun sind NWF balutn Nor total

Goat 35.92

%

22.56

%

14.01

%

24.37

%

3.14

%

100%

sheep 28.70 11.23 9.58 47.71 2.76 100%

buffal

o

170.1

0

20.5 8.09 .40 .0048 100%

cattle 50.27 22.08 18.73 6.6 2.32 100%

camel 33.5 22.8 7.3 36.4 .084 100%

poultr

y

56.62 20.82 16.7 5.7 .1505 100%


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Two breeds of dairy buffaloes, the NiliRavi and

Kundi

10 breeds of cattle: the Sahiwal and Red Sindhidairy breeds, the dual-purpose Cholistani and

Dhanni, and the draft breeds Thari, Dhajal,

Baghdadi, Lohani, Rojhan and Konkrej.

31 breeds of sheep, the most important are

Baltistani, Bibrik, Cholistani, Kachhi, Kajli, Lohi

and Lati, or Salt Range.


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34 breeds of goat, of which the most

important are Beetal, Dera Din Panah,

Kamori, Nachi and Teddy. 15 breeds of camel, including both riverine

and mountain types.


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Rural subsistence

smallholdings

Milk for family

Unit consists of

three buffaloes

Grazing


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Rural market-orientedsmallholdings

Producing milk in excess of family

requirements Unit consists of fewer than six buffaloes

Main source of milk in Pakistan


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MAJOR AREAS IN LIVESTOCKDairy production

Rural commercial farms

More than 40 animals

Fodder crops are grown Contribution is small

Peri-urban commercial dairy farms

largest being at the Landhi Cattle Colony, Karachi

150,000 milking animals

Most herds in this sector have 15 to 50 animals


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MAJOR AREAS IN LIVESTOCK

Sheep and goats

Nomadic Transhumant

Sedentaryhousehold


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MAJOR AREAS IN LIVESTOCKPoultry

Rural poultrycontributes 56% oftotal egg productionand 25% of poultrymeat

The traditional ruralsystem

Commercial poultryproduction


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Poultry

The Traditional rural system

Flocks of between5 and 10 birds

Common breeds areDesi, LyallpurSilver Black, Aseel,Fayoumi, Rhode

Island Red andcrosses

Women's work


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Investment of over

RS 23 billion

The average size ofa layer flock is

2500 and a broiler

2200 birds Brick houses


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Packing and distribution system should be

modernized

Government should take immediate steps toimprove the roads

Prices of feed and medicines should bekept within reasonable limits.

Poultry coordination boards should beestablished


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Long run vaccination should be started at

national level.

Government should construct veterinarylaboratory

Steps should be taken to improve sanitary

and hygienic conditions


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PARC had a technical committee onanimal health and production

The research areas for immediateattention are

:

selection and breeding models for the

different livestock production systems Identification of special traits of

different breeds and conservation ofanimal genetic resources


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:

Availability of feed in different

production systems throughout the year :

Development of methods for accurate

heat detection in buffaloes insmallholdings


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:

working models for disease and monitoring

Reasons for failure of vaccination against disease Development of combined vaccines for large and

small ruminants

:

Methods for inducing milk ejection inbuffaloes

Milk preservation methods suitable for localconditions


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Research is carried out by PARC at the

federal level

Livestock improvement will be possible onlythrough investment in research and

development

Increased demand for livestock products


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Each family holds about 2-3 cattle/buffalo and 3-4sheep/goats and derives 30 to 40 per cent of its incomefrom it.

Small scale producer

Role of women

Protein intake of poor is by enhancing livestockproduction.

In rural areas farming, livestock, and non-farm activities

are major sources of employment and income Livestock development is imperative for strengthening of

the national economy globalization.


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The policy that has already been submitted to the

prime ministers secretariat

Banks were unwilling to grant loans against theguarantee of sheds as proposed by MINFAL

Banks turned down to lend between Rs 0.5 million

and Rs 5 million.

Policy of banks to give credit to only those who

have property


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Current Situation Of Live Stock

And

Potential Exist In This Sector


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Constraints To Livestock

Production:

Biological

The lack of proven bulls and agood artificial insemination

service have resulted in a large

number of animals with low

genetic potential. This is a major

problem in setting up dairy andsmall ruminant development

projects.


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Estimated feed and fodder

resources meet only 70% of the

calculated feed requirements of

the livestock population.Although sufficient in quantity,

the quality of poultry feed is

questionable.

Infectious diseases and

parasitesvaccination againstinfectious diseases ranges from

0.5% to 10% and the quality of

available vaccines needs to be

improved. The animal disease

surveillance and monitoring

system is poor and diagnostic

facilities are inadequate.


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POLICY CONSTRAINT

There is a lack of government investment. Total allocation forlivestock in most of the five-year development plans has not

exceeded 1% and is less than 8% of the agriculture sector

allocation.

Most livestock raised on smallholdings by poor, landless farmers,

who are not organized and have no political voice. In many areas,

keeping livestock is a matter of prestige rather than an economic

activity.

An unplanned marketing system with too many middlemen

reduces producers profits.

The mandates of research and development institutions lack

clarity and are too broad in relation to available resources.


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There is a lack of well-documented, site-specific

management guidelines for different livestockoperations.

Rangelands are deteriorating because of unplanned

and excessive grazing. There is no land tenure and

no investment in the common rangeland.

With no price premiums for quality milk and meat,

the viability of the commercial dairy and meat

industries is questionable


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Contribution of livestock in major

industrial export of Pakistan The significance of the Food Industry to

Pakistans economy can be determine from the

fact that it contributes approximately 23% to totalGDP. With a natural inclination towards agroresources, Pakistan is capable of producing a vastvariety of food commoditiesfresh as well asprocessed. Increasingly now, the food industry iscapitalizing on the availability and use of latestmachinery to meet growing domestic &international demand.


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In the backdrop of a buoyant growth rate of 6.6 %, the contribution of

the agro processing industry was a healthy 22.7% of total value added

in the manufacturing sector;

in terms of employment repository the agricultural sector contributes

over 42% of the available workforce

Apart from agricultural inputs like wheat, maize, cotton and

sugarcane, products such as fruits, vegetables and dairy also play a

vital role. Milk production, as per latest statistics stands at 31 milliontones which translate to about 51% of the total value of the livestock

sector.

Pakistan also enjoys a place among the top ten citrus fruit producers in

the world.

Ranked fourth in worldwide sugarcane production and twelfth insugar production


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Another sub-segment thatshows tremendous

potential is the beverage

industry; currently there

are about 170 units inoperation around the

country that produce

water, syrups and

squashes.


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Major Pakistani exports comprise fresh fruits, vegetables

and their preparations, fish and fish preparations, spices,

nuts, confectionery, sugar and other sugar preparations

while imports include tea, dairy products, confectionery,

chocolates, cocoa, margarine and shortening, together

making Pakistan an important market for technologies as

well as products.

MAJOR EXPORTS OF PAKISTAN


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MAJOR EXPORTS OF PAKISTAN

S.NO. COMMODITIES 2005-2006 VALUE (US $)

1 Rice 1,112,447

2 Fish & Fish Preparations 196,151

3 Fruits 117,052

4 Vegetables 24,994

5 Fruit & Vegetable Juices 13,944

6 Poultry/ Eggs Albumen 2,000

7 Meat & Meat Preparation 19,000

8 Sugar 22,000

9 Oil Seeds, Nuts & Kernels 11,218

10 Spices 23,387

11 Cereal Preparation & Confectionary 32,032

12 Tobacco 6,071

13 Salt 2,970

14 Dairy Product 4,204

15 Maize 10,081

16 Natural Honey 26

17 Sugar Syrup /Glucose 3,127

18 Tea 10,775

19 Beverages 567


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New Zealand: is heavily dependent on trade -particularly in

agricultural products -to drive growth. Exports are equal to about

20% of GDP.

ExportingCommodities

Dairy, eggs, honey etc (HS 04), Meat (HS 02),Wood (HS 44), Machinery(HS 84), Edible Fruits &uts (HS 08), Fish & Seafood (HS 03), Special otherprojects (HS 98), Aluminium (HS 76), Electrical :Machinery (HS 85) and Albumins (HS 35).


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Historically, New Zealand's

economy was built on the

farming sector, and its primary

producers are among the

world's best. Companies like

Fonterra, the world's largestexporter of dairy products, have

combined traditional strengths

with modern technology and

business practices.


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QUALITY WOOL PRODUCTION:

Although there is a strong need in Pakistan for

wool and mutton development, no serious effortshave so far been made in this regard because of

resource constraints. The province of Sindh

possesses 16 per cent of sheep population in the

country which are kept mainly for their meat.


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Reasons For Mutton And Wool Losses

It is the only animal which serves multiple purposes suitable indeserts and hilly areas where other animals fail to thrive, mainlydue to lesser water and fodder availability.

1)It is estimated that mutton and wool losses due to mortality isapproximately 10 per cent whereas production losses due toimproper feeding and parasitic diseases (both ecto and endo-parasitic) is not less than 30 per cent.

2)The losses of wool are estimated up to 20 per cent due to faulty

shearing as about 1/4 wool is left over body of sheep. The quality ofskin is also lowered due to the fact that many cuts are left over theskin due to improper shearing.


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3)It is estimated that sheep have increased in numbers bymore than 41 per cent during the period from 1986 to1996. However, profitability has not increased due to lack

of

knowledge of breeding, management, nutrition, diseasecontrol measures, drenching against endo-parasitic anddipping against ecto- parasitic diseases.

4)The district Tharparkar is richest in sheep population,which possesses 40 per cent of the province's sheeppopulation and is most suitable for sheep and wool

development. Other such areas in the province are those ofNara area of Khairpur and Kohistan of Dadu.

Suggestion To Improve Quality Wool


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Suggestion To Improve Quality Wool

Production

The wool development centersonce established at taluka/ unioncouncil level, can serve training

places for wool developmentwhere owners in the areas beregistered and providedtechnical assistance andveterinary extension services.These services can be providedthrough trained leader or anNGO in the village.

In Sindh the present population is about 23 5 million sheep


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In Sindh the present population is about 23.5 million sheepfrom which 6.12 million kg wool is obtained. It can bedoubled by providing modern techniques such as:

1. Control of ectoparasites;2. Shearing with modern electric machines;

3. Keeping quality wool separate from lower parts wool;

4. Storing and protecting wool from parasites;

5. Selling wool at a time when it fetches the highest price.


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The Growing Livestock Farming

Livestock is the second important sector of agriculture

While the share of agriculture in GDP declined from 26 in 1986-87to 24 per cent in 2003-04, the share of livestock went up from eight

to 11.4 per cent during that period.

In other words, the share of livestock in agriculture increasedfrom 30 to 48 per cent.

Its foreign exchange earnings increased to Rs53 billion in 2003-04which is 12.34 per cent of the total national export earnings as

compared to its share of 5.3 per cent in 2001-02.

Despite the neglect of livestock sector, its share in GDP and that ofagriculture as well as of export earnings increased.


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Increase of livestock population between 1960-61 to 2002-03

Livestock 1960-61 2002-03 Increase (million in numbers)

Baffloes 8.2 24.8 16.6

Cattle 16.4 23.3 6.9

Goats 10.4 52.8 42.4 Sheep 12.4 24.6 12.2

Camels 0.4 0.8 0.4

Donkeys 1.4 4.0 2.6

Horses 0.3 0.3 0.0 Mules 0.1 0.2 0.1

(1966-67)

Total 49.6 130.8 81.2


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ANALYSIS

there was significant increase in the population oflivestock, especially goats, buffaloes, sheep andcattle in the given order. Although, there was

increase in the population of camels and bovines,but this increase except that of donkeys was notsignificant .Because their population was belowone million in 1960-61 and it remained below one

million even after 43 years in 2002-03.

Increase in livestock productsi k 19 1 2 2002 03 d


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Livestock 1971-72 2002-03 Increase products

(000 tons)

Milk 7800.0 27611.0 20011.0

Beef 346.0 1060.0 714.0 Mutton 208.0 702.0 494.0

Poultry

meet 14.0 372.0 358.0

Wool 22.1 39.7 17.6

Hair 2.9 19.9 17.0

Bones 152.0 348.0 196.0

Fat 45.8 129.7 83.9

Blood 14.2 44.0 29.8

(million numbers) Egg 583.0 7991.0 7408.0

Hides 4.3 8.2 3.9

Skins 16.4 40.3 23.9


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Analysis

there was significant increase in livestock productssuch as milk ,beef ,mutton poultry meat and eggsetc .But inspite of significant increase in milk

production mostly due to increase in the numberof buffaloes ,cattle and milk breeds of goats andsheep ,the import of milk and milk bye-productsincrease from Rs226 million in 1978-79 to Rs770

million in 2002-03.


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Increase in livestock but shortage of

meat Again, most of the big cities are facing shortage of meat

due to smuggling of animals and meat to Afghanistan andMiddle Eastern countries ,besides their export to thesecountries as well.

This has not only caused meat deficiency in the big citiesresulting in persistent increase in meat prices

. For instance, due to such shortage of meat in Karachi,animals were smuggled from India in 2002 .The situationwas further compounded due to decline in supply of

animals from Thar. Such shortage of meat and consequent price hike was also

experienced in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabadduring this period. It has been reported that government isnow considering to import animals from India


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Reasons

This shows mismanagement that prevails in the sector

as well as in case of crop sector suggesting that both

these sectors of agriculture need attention of policy

makers on top priority basis for immediate planning onsound economic parameters for attaining self

sufficiency.


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Potential Exist In Growing

Livestock Sector

Camel and its by-products have great potential of their export to

Middle East ,Africa and other countries.

Policy makers and planners of livestock development should

seriously consider to establish a national camel research institute

in Thal, Cholistan, Thar and Chagai-Kharan based on technical

and socio-economic parameters as has been done by India at

Bikaner in their Rajisthan desert .

Recent policies to improve livestock


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Recent policies to improve livestock

by government

Diversification project vital for poverty reduction: Bosan

The present government is giving top priority to achieve self-reliance in agriculture commodities, ensure food security andimprove productivity of crops and livestock

.. This was stated by Minister for Food, Agriculture andLivestock, Sikandar Hayat Khan Bosan while inaugurating theseminar on Agribusiness Development Awareness organized bythe Ministry of Food and Agriculture

1) He said the Agribusiness Development and Diversification Projectis one of the most important projects of its kind in agriculturesector of Pakistan.


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2) This project's activity will directly improve the condition of over 70%of the population living in rural areas and will prove a vital policy

instrument for poverty reduction in the country.

3) The Minister said the policy objectives are to create an enablingenvironment for market led growth by the private sector, adding, the

emphasis would be on market oriented production system which will

lead to increased production and productivity of crops and livestock

sector

4) This will consequently increase the income of the farmers anddecrease rural poverty


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5.The Agribusiness Development & DiversificationProject at a cost of Rs. 4066 million with ADB

loan ofRs. 1860 million is being implemented by

the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock in

consultation with all the four provinces and the

special areas.


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Dr. Tusneem assures good governance accountability in PARC

1) Dr. Muhammad E. Tusneem, Chairman, Pakistan Agricultural

Research Council (PARC) has said that strategic researchcould be undertaken only in an environment of science culturebased on merit.

2) Addressing an audience of agriculture scientists and technicalsupport officers at National Agricultural Research Centre

(NARC) on Sept. 9, he called upon the scientists to keep pacewith the challenges of 21st century and work hard towardsachieving the goal of qualitative research.

3) The Chairman stressed on the urgent need to sharpen theresearch focus from conventional to high-tech, futuristicresearch. He desired doing away with the mundaneconventional projects and said that research should beresource based and demand driven focusing on strategic andpolicy research.

Th i f l b li i


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The impact of globalization on poor

livestock keepers:

At the same time, there has been a growing demand for meat and milk

in many developing countries. Together, these developments present

both significant opportunities and risks for the millions of poor people

who keep livestock.

Critics warn that the opportunities of globalization have been unevenly

distributed and can work against developing countries

. Poor livestock keepers, for instance, usually cannot afford to meet the

sanitation standards required to trade globally and find itIncreasingly difficult to compete at home when cheap export products

are introduced to local markets. Increased meat and milk

Production and the processing they require to meet the


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Production and the processing they require to meet thedemands of the global marketplace can have a significantimpact on natural resources. The more land is needed forlivestock

the more nutrients are taken from the soil, the moredeforestation occurs, the more wildlife preserves arethreatened and the more wasteland gas emissions are

produced.

How all can get benefit from globalization

Poor livestock keepers can benefit from globalization, but only

when they are equipped to compete in the marketplace. To keep up with the growing demand for milk and meat, they

need disease-control measures to make sure their animals stayhealthy, passable roads to get to markets and access tofinancial services that will support their enterprises.


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To be able to comply with stricter food-safety regulations, they

need access to refrigeration, and facilities for food processingand storage.

With the right tools, organization and training, and with

adequate investment for long-term economic growth, poor

livestock keepers will be in a better position to tackle the risks of

globalization and seize its opportunities.

Over the past 20 years, globalization has hit the worlds

agricultural sector and opened

up its markets to an unprecedented degree. .


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Definition

The occupation or industry of catching, processing

and selling fish and shellfish; an area where fish or

shellfish a rates


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FISHERIES HISTORICALLY


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GENERAL ECONOMIC


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GENERAL ECONOMIC

DATA

Area 803 945 km2

Total shelf area 50270 Km2

Length of coastline 1120 Km

Population(2001) 142070000

GDP per head US$ 60757 m

Agriculture GDP US$ 13522 m


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Production Imports Exports Total Supply Percaputconsuptio

n

'000 tons live weight kg/year

Fish for direct

human

consumption

430.5 0.0 118.6 311.9 2.2

Fish for animal feed

and other

purposes

177.1 0.0 0.0


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Estimated employment (2001):

Primary sector: 471 500, of which 287 000 inland fishermen and 184

000 marine fishermen

Secondary sector: 110 000

Gross value of fisheries output

(at ex-vessel prices) (2001-02):

US$ 330.73 million

Trade (2001-02):

value of imports: Negligible

value of exports: US$ 125.6 million


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Fish Harbours Of Pakistan

Karachi Fisheries Harbour

Korangi Fish Harbour Pasni Fish Harbour

Gwadar Fish Harbour


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MISSION:

Improvement of Fish production by providingbetter technical services.

VISION:

To enhance fish production by increasing per

acre yield of fish.


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Functions of Fisheries Department

Conservation of Fisheries Resources.

Management and development of resources onscientific lines.

Training of Fisheries and Fish farmers and in-service training.

Extension Services of Private Sector.

Revenue earning through auctioning / licensing of

water resources. Supplies of quality fish-seed to private fish

farmers on subsidized rates


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Aims & Objectives

Provide guidance to fish farming community.

Help new fish farmers in feasibility studies

Management and improvement fishing fleet

Collection, analysis, interpretation and publicationof fisheries statistical data

Advice to federal and provincial governments inmatters relating to fisheries

Provide quality control service Provide technical assistance and promotion of fish

processing industry :

No: Name of Activity Achievement


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No: Name of Activity Achievement

Unit 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

1 Preparation of feasibility for

new projects

No 2 3 5

2 Construction of new fish

farms

No 13 22 30

3 Area Developed Acres 23 32 47


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S.No Name of Activity Achievement

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

1 Services rendered for stoking of

good quality fish seed (No

of Farms

43 68 45


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S.No Name of Activity Achievement

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

1 No of Farms checked for Water

Analysis.

59 120 65


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Monitoring of Growth Rate:

S.No

Name of Activity Unit Achievement

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05

1 No of Farms Checked

for Monitoring ofGrowth Rate

No. 23 63 35


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Seventh Five-Year Plan and Perspective

Plan Targets

In 1986 government of Pakistan constituted NCA.

NCA proposed a strategy for years 1988-2000.

Aimed to improve the productivity of livestock

and fisheries.


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Strategy of this commission was to reach

the sustainable yield of 60,000 tonnes


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PAKISTAN IN THE PRESENT


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WORLD

Fisheries contribute only 0.3 percent to the overallGDP

1.3 percent to the agricultural GDP

Export Earnings of $160 million per annum

Providing direct employment to about 379,000fishermen

400,000 people are employed in ancillaryindustries

25% of world exports

1.6 kg per person per year (compared to worldaverage of 16.2 kg per person per year).

O O S A G S


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TWO BROED STRATIGIES

FOR FISHING

Coastal water fishing

(up to 12 nautical miles ) Deep-sea fishing

Zone I (12 to 35 nautical miles )

Zone II (35 to 200 nautical miles )

CREDIT ALLOCATION


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CREDIT ALLOCATION

Receiving just 0.4 percent of the total this sector

for fixed capital requirements like trawlers and

other equipment.

Bad infrastructure,

Neglected sector

Small opportunity considered

Need to extend long-term credit to Bank.

FISHERIES RESOURCE INFORMATON

SYSTEM AND TOOL(FiRST)


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SYSTEM AND TOOL(FiRST)

Long-term data storage

Data analyses to support management

decisions at a range of spatial scales Data-sharing and collaborative analyses

From commercial fisheries, to guide

management.

FIRST AIM TO FACILITATE


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FIRST AIM TO FACILITATE Long-term data storage

Data retrieval for current and future users

Validation and checking of data

Data visualization through summaries (tables, graphs andmaps)

Data analysis through extraction of data in formats suitable

for analysis in statisticalrograms. Retrospective analyses to understand the causes and rates

of ecological change

Data analyses at the geographic scales appropriate to

management needs and resource boundaries Maximization of the use of limited resources, ensuring thatprevious and future surveys are fully used and that surveysare not duplicated Increased awareness of the state ofresources

Impact OF SEPTEMBER 11


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Impact OF SEPTEMBER 11

$97 million against $109 million ,fall of 11% in2001-2002

(AUP) $1.5 from $1.75 per kg

3.42 per cent more quantities but could not get

desired earning 30-40 per cent decline in purchase orders

India, Bangladesh, Vietnam and Thailandbenefited

Presence of Chloramphenicol in shrimps, sampledconsignments.

Pakistan Fish Inspection and Quality Control Act

CHALLENGES


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CHALLENGES

Maintain hygienic condition

Processing units, not operating or in very poor

condition

EU ,Quality Control Of SeaFood

16000 Fish Boats

Capacity is only 10,000 tons

Mechanized trawling for fish resources in deeper

waters 2 million hectares of freshwater bodies

Inland fisheries

SUGGESSIONS


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SUGGESSIONS

Sufficient investments and market expansion

Awareness

Government should work as intermediary

Credit Allocation Training and Guidance

Value Added Goods

Vessels up gradation Handling of fish onboard fishing vessels

Upgraded Boats And Catching machinery.


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live stock and fishries

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