LITTORAL ECOSYSTEM PURIFICATION LITTORAL ECOSYSTEM PURIFICATION BY USE OF BIOPOSITIVE BY USE OF BIOPOSITIVE

CONSTRUCTIONS WITH ALGAL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH ALGAL BIOFOULINGBIOFOULING

• Applicant:Applicant: Ecology and Environmental Management Chair of MSTU Ecology and Environmental Management Chair of MSTU

Main idea of the projectMain idea of the project • Now natural reservoirs are badly polluted with industrial and urban Now natural reservoirs are badly polluted with industrial and urban

sewage. First of all, wastewaters are discharged into ecosystems with sewage. First of all, wastewaters are discharged into ecosystems with the highest biological productive potential: surface freshwater the highest biological productive potential: surface freshwater reservoirs and littoral sea ecosystems. Pollution causes considerable reservoirs and littoral sea ecosystems. Pollution causes considerable degrading changes of the aquatic ecosystem, such as its species degrading changes of the aquatic ecosystem, such as its species variety decrease and substances flow balance disturbance.variety decrease and substances flow balance disturbance.

• Under such conditions it becomes topical to treat polluted natural Under such conditions it becomes topical to treat polluted natural water reservoirs. Conventional purification technologies are not very water reservoirs. Conventional purification technologies are not very acceptable. acceptable.

• It is suggested to use a system of artificial reefs – biopositive It is suggested to use a system of artificial reefs – biopositive constructions covered with algae for natural reservoirs purification. constructions covered with algae for natural reservoirs purification.

• The main ideaThe main idea of this purification method is to use the algal of this purification method is to use the algal capability for active consumption from water and accumulation in their capability for active consumption from water and accumulation in their biomass of different environment pollution components, such as biomass of different environment pollution components, such as organic and mineral forms of nutrients, oil products, and heavy metals.organic and mineral forms of nutrients, oil products, and heavy metals.

• Periodical harvest gathering of algal mass allows effective Periodical harvest gathering of algal mass allows effective extracting of pollutants in the algal biomass composition from the extracting of pollutants in the algal biomass composition from the water reservoir. Further algal biomass utilization for different water reservoir. Further algal biomass utilization for different purposes (energy production, biologically active compounds purposes (energy production, biologically active compounds extraction…) significantly increases ecological potential of this extraction…) significantly increases ecological potential of this treatment method.treatment method.

• The main taskThe main task of the investigations is to search for conditions, of the investigations is to search for conditions, where the biomass growth rate and pollution component where the biomass growth rate and pollution component consumption are maximal. consumption are maximal.

• Morphology of the artificial reefs, Morphology of the artificial reefs,

• Water pollution gradient, Water pollution gradient,

• Hydrodynamics gradient Hydrodynamics gradient • are considered as the main regulators of the biofouling are considered as the main regulators of the biofouling

parameters. parameters.

• Preliminary results. Preliminary results.

• New ideology of biogeochemical and morpho-physiological New ideology of biogeochemical and morpho-physiological regulation of the algal bioproductive parameters was used in regulation of the algal bioproductive parameters was used in investigations investigations

• Numerous investigations of algae photosynthesis intensity, and Numerous investigations of algae photosynthesis intensity, and growth rate influenced by the morphology of overgrown growth rate influenced by the morphology of overgrown constructions, hydro-chemical, and hydrodynamic gradients were constructions, hydro-chemical, and hydrodynamic gradients were carried out under conditions of different seas (Barents Sea, the carried out under conditions of different seas (Barents Sea, the Sea of Japan, Black Sea).Sea of Japan, Black Sea).

• Original method for water movement measurements by means of Original method for water movement measurements by means of the plaster structures was elaborated. This method allows the plaster structures was elaborated. This method allows measure the water movement in different scales and space: from measure the water movement in different scales and space: from metric scale of algal habitat till thin millimeter scale boundary metric scale of algal habitat till thin millimeter scale boundary layer of water near the algal body surface.layer of water near the algal body surface.

Traditional Traditional artificial reefs artificial reefs

Bio-ecological systems as living-Bio-ecological systems as living-unliving systemsunliving systems

Morpho-physiologycal regulation Morpho-physiologycal regulation of the bio-productive algal of the bio-productive algal parametersparameters

Morphology of the artificial reefs as Morphology of the artificial reefs as regulator of dimensional structure of regulator of dimensional structure of

biofoulingbiofouling

Artificial reefs as morpho-Artificial reefs as morpho-physiological regulators of physiological regulators of biofouling biofouling

Morphology of the artificial reefs as the algal Morphology of the artificial reefs as the algal abundance regulatorabundance regulator

Big-scale hydrodynamic measurementsBig-scale hydrodynamic measurements

Thin layer hydrodynamicThin layer hydrodynamic measurementsmeasurements

Algal morphology as physioiolycal Algal morphology as physioiolycal regulatorregulator

y = 0,5334x-0,2861

R2 = 0,2329

y = 0,1549x-0,2334

R2 = 0,1048

0,00

0,10

0,20

0,30

0,40

0,50

0,00 5,00 10,00 15,00 20,00 25,00 30,00 algal S / W , mm 2 * mg -1 (fresh)

Cw

,

g (d

ry) *

ml -1

F. distihus

F. vesiculosus

C. crynitaслоевище

С. crynita Koo

C. crynita K01

C. crynita K02

C. crynitaK03+04

L. coronopus

Ceramium sp.

L. japonica Река4,5 м

L. japonica Река1 м

L. japonica о.Опасный 2 м

L. japonicaкаменьОбливной 4 м

L. japonica Поводец край 6,5 м

L. japonicaКухтыль край 0м

L. japonica 2-летняятоварная

L. japonicaПоводецсередина 6,5 м

L. japonicaПоводецПреображение6,5 м L.japonicaГоризонтальный канат 1 м

L. japonicaДоннаяплантация 10 м

Осевыеслоевища

Пластинчатыеслоевища

Степенной(Осевыеслоевища)

Степенной(Пластинчатыеслоевища)

Water movement as regulator of Water movement as regulator of density effectsdensity effects

Laminaria japonica

y = 0,1228x-0,0585

R2 = 0,2487

0,000

0,040

0,080

0,120

0,160

0,200

0,1 1 10 100

Algal biomass kg(fresh) / m 2

Cw

, m

g (

dry

) /

l

Рамка 1

Рамка 5

Рамка 2

Рамка 3

Рамка 6

Рамка 4

Преображение

поводец

Глазковка

поводец

о. Опасный

Регрессия построена без точки

"о.Опасный"

для условий слабой гидродинамики

(самая малая подвижность воды -

Functional dependences of algal bio-productive parameters from the Functional dependences of algal bio-productive parameters from the main investigated gradients were found. main investigated gradients were found.

Obtained results allow estimating efficiency of the water ecosystem Obtained results allow estimating efficiency of the water ecosystem purification with use of algae’s artificial reefs. purification with use of algae’s artificial reefs.

Purpose of the projectPurpose of the project

• Scientific and applied directionScientific and applied direction

• Search of the optimum values of the investigated gradients where the Search of the optimum values of the investigated gradients where the algal bio- productive parameters will be maximal. algal bio- productive parameters will be maximal.

• Creation of the pilot plant of the bio-positive construction with algal Creation of the pilot plant of the bio-positive construction with algal bio-fouling.bio-fouling.

• Educational directionEducational direction

• Elaboration of the methodic materials for the ecologist students Elaboration of the methodic materials for the ecologist students training in the sphere of the ecological ways of the natural waters training in the sphere of the ecological ways of the natural waters purification.purification.

Location of the works executionLocation of the works execution

• Kola Bay littoral zone Kola Bay littoral zone

• Any fresh-water reservoir…Any fresh-water reservoir…

MethodsMethods • The whole project duration is 3 years, when following activities The whole project duration is 3 years, when following activities

are foreseen:are foreseen:

• Conducting of the quantitative multiparametric phytocenosis study in Conducting of the quantitative multiparametric phytocenosis study in the gradient of sewage pollution, and hydrodynamic in the conditions the gradient of sewage pollution, and hydrodynamic in the conditions of different shape of the artificial overgrow constructions for of different shape of the artificial overgrow constructions for determination of it’s optimal levels where the algal growth rate, and determination of it’s optimal levels where the algal growth rate, and nutrients concentration in tissues will be maximum. nutrients concentration in tissues will be maximum.

• Creation of the artificial reef’s pilot plant for the sanitary aquaculture Creation of the artificial reef’s pilot plant for the sanitary aquaculture aimsaims