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pandemic H1N1 swine influenza vaccinationTahani Bakhsh

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Outline

Introduction Pandemic swine influenza virus. Vaccination of pandemic H1N1 Swine influenza

virus. Limitation of the vaccine. Side-effects of the vaccine. Conclusion References

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Introduction

Over the years, people have been suffering from many sorts of epidemic respiratory disease.

History of swine influenza virus :

- In 1976, a new flu virus emerged and caused the Swine Flu outbreak.

- Then in 2009, the same virus reappeared and was called 2009 H1N1 swine influenza virus .

Introduction

History of swine influenza vaccination.- a new vaccine has been well-received and

accepted by public health institutions…- The vaccine was given to ...- in 1976 the swine flu vaccine caused…25 death & 500 cases of

GBS.- the 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine had …

pandemic (2009) H1N1 swine influenza virus

Different &Similar.

- Structure of H1N1swine influenza virus.

The mechanism of H1N1 influenza virus1) Transmission of 2009 A (H1N1) influenza virus.

- spread through human to human contacts during sneezing, coughing….

- The swine flu virus first infected a pig and was transferred only among pigs.

- However, …

- Antigenic shift often occurs..

2) Infection of H1N1 influenza virus

The mechanism of H1N1 influenza virus

Antigenic drift.

Vaccination of pandemic H1N1 Swine influenza virus:

The agents Attenuated vaccineOr (LAIV vaccine)

Inactivated vaccine

Type of does Is sprayed into nose. Is given as a short.

Sort of the H1N1 virus in the vaccine Is weakened virus. Is killed virus.

Groups recommended receiving vaccine.

Healthy people from (2-49) years of age1. Pregnant or breastfeeding

women.2. Anyone with certain chronic

conditions.3. Weakened immune system.4. From (6 months- 64 years) of

age.

2009 H1N1 should not be given to human:

1. Has allergy of eggs (life- threatening).2. Children under 2years and adults up

50 year.3. Pregnant women.4. Weakened immune system.5. Long-term health problems.6. Certain muscle or nerve disorder.

1.A life threatening allergic reaction.2.Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS).

Taking H1N1 flu vaccine with other

vaccination

Not be given with seasonal flu attenuated vaccine.

It can be given with seasonal flu attenuated vaccine.

-The 2009 swine flu vaccine can be divided into two types of vaccines either inactivated H1N1 virus or attenuated H1N1 virus.

Table 1: the difference between attenuated and inactivated H1N1 influenza vaccine from several agents.

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Vaccination of pandemic H1N1 Swine influenza virus:

• The action of swine flu vaccination to induce immune response.

Vaccination of pandemic H1N1 Swine influenza virus:

Immune memory. The use of adjuvant.

Limitation of H1N1 influenza vaccination

Limitation of efficacy:- Little evidence to

indicate the efficacy of the vaccine.

- No sufficient data and observation.

Limitation of Usage:- Use the eggs to produce

the vaccine. - the process around 6-12

months to produce vaccine .

- Cannot use “passive immunization”

- Old swine flu vaccine has old H1N1 strain.

Side-effects of H1N1 influenza vaccination

Severe reaction in 1976 H1N1 influenza vaccination:

- cases of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)

- (GBS) leading to immune mediated attack on the nervous system and respiratory breakdown and death.

Mild reaction of 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccination:

- Causes

1) a severe allergic reaction

2) side-effective problem such as redness, muscle aches, headache and fever.

3) but no serious harm or death because “the virus in inactivated or attunuated”.

Conclusion

The H1N1 pandemic influenza virus. Things should be considered to avoid the

limitation of H1N1 influenza vaccine:1- finding other method to grow the virus.

2- obtaining sufficient amount of vaccines in short time.

3- further research about...

Also, further studies to evaluate the effectiveness of H1N1 swine flu vaccination with development diagnostic tests.

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References

Rosenthal, K and Tan, J (2007), ‘Practical structure’ in Rapid Review: Microbiology and Immunology, Mosy Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 126-152.

Sean, V, Anthony, P, Nancy, A, Fitzgerald, C, Ung, H, Adrian, T, John, K, Lawrence, B and Robert, T (2008) ,‘Anti-Ganglioside Antibody Induction by Swine (A/NJ/1976/H1N1) and Other Influenza Vaccines: Insights into Vaccine-Associated Guillain-Barré Syndrome Irving Nachamkin’, influenza vaccination, vol.198 (9), 226-243.

Subbarao, K, Brian, R, Murphy, S and Anthony, S (2006), ‘Development of Effective Vaccines Commentary against Pandemic Influenza’, Immunity, vol.22(1), 5-9

Webster, R.G., Bean, W.J., Gorman, O.T., Chambers, T.M. & Kawaoka, Y., (1992), ‘Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses’ Microbiol, vol.56(3), 152–179.

Wonga, L.P & Samb, I.C (2010), ‘Factors influencing the uptake of 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine in a multiethnic Asian population’, Vaccine, vol.28(5), 4499–4505.

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