Lista verbelor neregulate  

Infinitiv Trecut Participiu trecut Traducere

to abide abode abode a astepta, a sta, a locui

to arise arose arisen a se ridica

to awake awoke awoke a se trezi

to be was, were been a fi

to bear bore born a se naste

to beat beat beaten a bate

to become became become a deveni

to begin began begun a icepe

to behold beheld beheld a zari, a vedea

to bend bent bent a idoi

to beseech besought besought a implora

to bear bore born a se naste

to bet bet bet a paria

to bid bade bidden a oferi, a licita

to bind bound bound a lega

to bite bit bitten a musca

to bleed bled bled a sangera

to bless blest blest a binecuvanta

to blow blew blown a sufla

to break broke broken a sparge

to breed bred bred a creste

to bring brought brought a aduce

to broadcast broadcast broadcast a transmite prin radio

to burn burnt (burned) burnt (burned) a arde

to burst burst burst a izbucni

to buy bought bought a cumpara

to can could been able to a putea, a fi posibil

to cast cast cast a arunca

to catch caught caught a prinde

to choose chose chosen a alege

to cleave cleft cleft a despica

to cling clung clung a se lipi

to come came come a veni

to cost cost cost a costa

to creep crept crept a se tara

to cut cut cut a taia

to deal dealt dealt a se ocupa, a trata afaceri

to dig dug dug a sapa

to do did done a face

to draw drew drawn a desena

to dream dreamt (dreamed) dreamt (dreamed) a visa

to drink drank drunk a bea

to drive drove driven a conduce masina

to dwell dwelt dwelt a locui, a ramane, a insista

to eat ate eaten a manca

to fall fell fallen a cadea

to feed fed fed a hrani

to feel felt felt a simti

to fight fought fought a lupta

to find found found a gasi

to fly flew flown a zbura

to forbid forbade forbidden a interzice

to forecast forecast forecast a prevedea

to foresee foresaw foreseen a prevedea

to foretell foretold foretold a prezice

to forget forgot forgotten a uita

to forgive forgave forgiven a ierta

to forgo forwent forgone a renunta la, a da uitarii

forsake forsook forsaken a parasi

to freeze froze frozen a igheta

to get got got a primi

to give gave given a da

to go went gone a merge

to grind ground ground a macina

to grow grew grown a creste

to hang hung (hanged) hung (hanged) a spanzura

to have had had a avea

to hear heard heard a auzi

to hide hid hidden a ascunde

to hit hit hit a lovi

to hold held held a tine

to hurt hurt hurt a rani

to keep kept kept a pastra

to kneel knelt knelt a igenunchia

to knit knit knit a tricota

to know knew known a sti, a cunoaste

to lay laid laid a aseza

to lead led led a conduce

to lean leant leant a se sprijini de

to learn learnt (learned) learnt (learned) a ivata

to leave left left a lasa, a parasi

to lend lent lent a împrumuta (cuiva)

to let let let a permite

to lie lay lain a fi culcat

to light lit lit a aprinde

to lose lost lost a pierde

to make made made a face

to mean meant meant a isemna

to meet met met a italni

to misgive misgave misgiven a inspira neicredere

to mislead misled misled a induce i eroare

to mistake mistook mistaken a itelege gresit

to outdo outdid outdone a itrece

to overcome overcame overcome a ivinge

to overdo overdid overdone a face exces

to pay paid paid a plati

to put put put a pune

to read read read a citi

to rend rent rent a sfasia, a rupe

to ride rode ridden a calari

to ring rang rung a suna

to rise rose risen a se ridica

to run ran run a alerga

to say said said a spune

to see saw seen a vedea

to seek sought sought a cauta

to sell sold sold a vinde

to send sent sent a trimite

to set set set a fixa, a regla

to sew sewed sewn (sewed) a coase

to shake shook shaken a scutura, a clatina

to shave shaved shaven a se barbieri

to shed shed shed a varsa (lacrimi)

to shine shone shone a straluci

to shoe shod shod a icalta, a potcovi

to shoot shot shot a împusca

to show showed shown a arata

to shrink shrank shrunk a se strange

to shut shut shut a ichide

to sing sang sung a canta

to sink sank sunk a se scufunda

to sit sat sat a sta (pe scaun)

to slay slew slain a ucide

to sleep slept slept a dormi

to slide slid slid a aluneca

to sling slung slung a azvarli

to slit slit slit a crapa, a despica

to smell smelt (smelled) smelt (smelled) a mirosi

to smite smote smitten a lovi

to sow sowed sown a semana

to speak spoke spoken a vorbi

to speed sped sped a accelera, a goni

to spell spelt (spelled) spelt (spelled) a pronunta litera cu litera

to spend spent spent a petrece, a cheltui

to spill spilt spilt a varsa

to spin spun spun a toarce, a se roti

to spit spat spat a scuipa

to split split split a despica

to spoil spoilt spoilt a strica

to spread spread spread a itinde

to spring sprang sprung a sari, a tasni

to stand stood stodd a sta i picioare

to steal stole stolen a fura

to stick stuck stuck a ifige, a se lipi

to sting stung stung a itepa

to stink stank stunk a mirosi urat

to strike struck struck a lovi

to string strung strung a isira, a icorda

to strive strove striven a se stradui

to swear swore sworn a jura

to sweep swept swept a matura

to swim swam swum a inota

to swing swung swung a se legana

to take took taken a lua

to teach taught taught a ivata, a preda

to tear tore torn a rupe, a sfasia

to tell told told a spune

to think thought thought a gandi, a crede

to throw threw thrown a arunca

to thrust thrust thrust a îmbranci

to tread trod trodden a calca

to underlie underlay underlain a sustine

to understand understood understood a itelge

to upset upset upset a supara

to wake woke woken a se trezi

to wear wore worn a purta

to weave wove woven a tese

to wet wet wet a uda

to win won won a castiga

to wind wound wound a se rasuci

to wring wrung wrung a frange, a smulge

to write wrote written a scrie

Form of Passive

Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)

Example: A letter was written.

When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:

the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence

the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)

the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is

dropped)

Tense Subject Verb Object

Simple Present Active: Ritawrites a letter.

Passive: A letter is written by Rita.

Simple Past Active: Rita wrote a letter.

Passive: A letter was written by Rita.

Present Perfect Active: Rita has written a letter.

Passive: A letter has been written by Rita.

Future I Active: Rita will write a letter.

Passive: A letter will be written by Rita.

Hilfsverben Active: Rita can write a letter.

Passive: A letter can be written by Rita.

Tense Subject Verb Object

Present Progressive Active: Ritais writing a letter.

Passive: A letter is being written by Rita.

Past Progressive Active: Rita was writing a letter.

Passive: A letter was being written by Rita.

Past Perfect Active: Rita had written a letter.

Passive: A letter had been written by Rita.

Future II Active: Rita will have written a letter.

Passive: A letter will have been written by Rita.

Conditional I Active: Rita would write a letter.

Passive: A letter would be written by Rita.

Conditional II Active: Rita would have written a letter.

Passive: A letter would have been written by Rita.

  Subject Verb Object 1 Object 2

Active: Ritawrote a letter to me.

Passive: A letter was written to me by Rita.

Passive: I was written a letter by Rita.

Infinitive or -ing?

Sometimes we need to decide whether to use a verb in its:

-ing form (doing, singing)

or

infinitive form (to do, to sing).

For example, only one of the following sentences is correct. Which one?

I dislike working late. (???) I dislike to work late. (???)

When to use the infinitive

The infinitive form is used after certain verbs:- forget, help, learn, teach, train- choose, expect, hope, need, offer, want, would like- agree, encourage, pretend, promise, recommend- allow, can/can't afford, decide, manage, mean, refuse

I forgot to close the window. Mary needs to leave early. Why are they encouraged to learn English? We can't afford to take a long holiday.

The infinitive form is always used after adjectives, for example:- disappointed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sad, surprised

I was happy to help them. She will be delighted to see you.

This includes too + adjective:

The water was too cold to swim in. Is your coffee too hot to drink?

The infinitive form is used after adjective + enough:

He was strong enough to lift it. She is rich enough to buy two.

When to use -ing

The -ing form is used when the word is the subject of a sentence or clause:

Swimming  is good exercise. Doctors say that smoking is bad for you.

The -ing form is used after a preposition:

I look forward to meeting you. They left without saying "Goodbye."

The -ing form is used after certain verbs:- avoid, dislike, enjoy, finish, give up, mind/not mind, practise

I dislike getting up early. Would you mind opening the window?

Some verbs can be followed by the -ing form or the infinitive without a big change in meaning: begin, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, propose, start.

It started to rain. It started raining. I like to play tennis. I like playing tennis.

Verb combination (Infinitive vs -ing form) 

A. -ing and infinitive (1): verb + -ing form or infinitive

1. Verbs followed by -ing form  

avoid consider delay  deny

dislike  enjoy finish can’t help

involve justify  like (=enjoy) look forward to 

mind  miss postpone  practice

risk suggest can’t stand  carry on

put off      

We delayed launching the product because of technical problems.

I look forward to meeting you next week. I don’t mind staying late. I really enjoy travelling abroad

Note. In the expression look forward to, the word to is a preposition. Prepositions (e.g., in, on, at, with, from, etc.) are always followed by the -ing form rather than infinitive.

2. Expressions bellow are followed by the -ing form

It’s a waste of time/money ... There’s no point (in) ... It’s no use ... It’s (not) worth ...

It's not worth repairing the camera. It would be cheaper to buy a new one.

3. Verb followed by to + infinitive  

afford agree arrange attempt claim

decide  demand deserve  expect fail

guarantee hesitate hope learn manage

neglect offer plan prepare  pretend

promise  refuse seem  tend  threaten

train  want would like    

He has arranged to meet the visitors at the factory

We were very unhappy with service they had provided. We refused to pay them. The company is taking on a lot of new staff. They plan to extend their researches in a new area. He was angry about the way company had treated him. They threatened to stop his project.

4. Passive forms

There are passive forms of the -ing form and the infinitive. The passive form of the -ing form is made with being + past participle (e.g., being done):

Everyone likes being congratulated when they have worked hard.The passive infinitive is formed by to be + past participle (e.g., to be done):She expects to be promoted soon.

B. -ing and infinitive (2): verbs and objects

5. Verb + object + infinitive

There are a number of verbs that can take a direct object and to + infinitive. common examples are:  

advise allow ask enable encourage force

invite  order persuade remind  tell warn

The lawer advised me to read the contract carefully. The negotiators persuaded the union to accept the pay deal.

The court ordered the company to pay compensation. The fall in demand forced us to cut production They invited me to speak at the conference.

6. Reporting what people say

Many of  the words listed above can be used to report what people say

"Could you come back later?" he asked me. He asked me to come back later.The verb warn is usually used with not to do:He said, "Don't put all your money in one company" He warned me not to put all my money in one company.

7. Make and let

The verbs make and let are followed by an object and the bare infinitive (e.g., go, work,see)

We use make to talk about something we have to do (but don’t want to do)

She wanted to go home, but her boss made her stay until the work was finished.

We use let when we talk about being given permission for something.

My boss let me have the afternoon off to go to my sister’s wedding. The verb help can be followed by an infinitive with or without to

Could you help me (to) put these boxes in the van.7. Verbs of perception

The verb of perception (see, watch, notice, hear, listen, feel) are followed by bare infinitive or by -ing form (present participle).

If we want to say that we heard or saw the whole action from beginning to end, we usually use bare infinitive

I saw him sign the cheque. If we want to say that only saw or heard part of the action, we use -

ing form

I saw the consultant waiting in reception. (I saw consultant. He was waiting in reception.)

C. -ing and infinitive (3): changes in meaning

8. Verb + -ing or infinitive?

Some verbs can be followed by either -ing form or the infinitive and the meaning of the verb changes. Here are some common examples:  

I remember sending them the cheque. I sent and I can remember now that did it.

I remembered to send them the cheque. I remembered, and then I sent it.

   

I will never forget meeting the President. I met him, and he impressed me. 

I won’t forget to give her your message.  I have made a note of it, and I will give it to her when I see her.

   

We have stopped dealing with that firm.  We used to deal with them, but we don't deal with them any more.

At 12.00 we stopped to have a break  We stopped for a break.

   

I regret saying that I was not interested in the work.

 I said I was not interested in the work, and I now think that was a bad mistake.

I regret to say that we will not be able to give you a contract.

 I am sorry that I have to say this.

   

If the printer doesn’t work, try turning everything off and then starting again.

 Do this and see what happens.

I will try to negotiate a better deal.  I will make an effort to do this.

   

This advertisement needs redesigning. This advertisement needs to be redesigned.

We need to increase productivity It’s necessary to increase productivity.

9. Like and would like

When the verb like means enjoy, it’s followed by the -ing form. However, the expression would like (want to) is followed by the infinitive.

I like going abroad on marketing trips. (I enjoy this.) I would like to go more often.(I want to go more often.)We can also use prefer and would prefer in the same way.I prefer working at home to working at the office. (I enjoy this more.)

10. to + -ing or infinitive?

The word to can be part of infinitive (I want to see you). However, in the following examples, to is a preposition, so it is followed by the -ing form:  

look forward to object to, an objection to be used to, get used to

react to, a reaction to in addition to respond to, a respond to

Mixed examples

There is nothing wrong with the photocopier. It just needs servicing. We need to look at this proposal very carefully before we make a decision. I’ll make a note in my diary so that I will remember to send you information you need. I am not sure if I have met Mr. Martino, but I remember hearing his name.

LECŢIA 18

VERBE CARE PRIMESC INFINITIVE SAU FORMA IN -ING

A. Forma – verbele care urmează altor verbe au una dintre formele: INFINITIV + to sauforma în -ING (vezi şi Lectia 15/16). Verbele se împart în patru categorii principale:1. verbe care pot fi urmate numai de INFINITIV + to:We agreed to meet at noon.

2. verbe care pot fi urmate numai de forma in -ING:You risk being late.

3. verbe care pot fi urmate fie de un INFINITIV + to fie de forma in -ING fără aînregistra o modificare de sens:I see Harry has started to play golf again. (= în general)I see Harry has started playing golf again. (= în general sau numai înmomentul de faţă)

4. verbe care pot fi urmate fie de INFINITIV + to fie de forma in -ING dar cu oschimbare majoră de sens:I forgot to go to the bank yesterday. (= Nu m-am dus.)I have forgotten going to the bank yesterday. (= Nu-mi amintesc să fifost.)

B. Utilizare.1. INFINITIVUL + to se foloseste de obicei după:affordagreeappear arrangeaskattemptdecideexpectfailhelphopelearn manageofferplanpreparepretendseem promisetendthreatenwantwishI can’t afford to buy a new car now.I fail to see the point you are making.We can’t promise you to be there by 8 o’clock.

ATENŢIE: forma negativă este not to + INFINITIV.The boy promised not to misbehave ever again.

• ask, decide, explain, know, remember, forget, understand urmate de cuvinteinterogative: how, what, when, which, where, whether etc:I don’t know how to get to the cathedral from here.

We haven’t decided which restaurant to go tonight.• ask, enable, force, get, invite, order, persuade, remind, teach, tell, warn +complement:We invited the Browns to dinner on Saturday night.Can you ask them to leave, please?• make în propoziţii pasive:

meanrefuse

When I was at school, I was made to wear a uniform.Due to the heavy fog, the plane was made to divert to Gatwick airport.

2. forma în -ING este de obicei folosită după:admitavoidconsiderdelaydeny dislikeenjoykeep onfeel likeimaginegive upfinish involve fancymindmisspostponepracticeriskstand (= bear)suggestmentionrecallregretHe admitted stealing the jewels.Have you considered moving abroad?I suggest starting from the beginning.

ATENŢIE: forma negativă este not + -ING.I enjoy not having to work.NOTA: după admit, deny, regret, suggest se poate folosi şi that.Sam denied that he had shot his wife. SAU: Sam denied shooting his wife.

•după verbe complexe: carry on, end up, give up, go round, keep on, put off, setabout:You carry on talking while I eat my lunch.

Frank is always trying hard to give up smoking.

3. se pot folosi atât INFINITIVUL + to cât şi forma in -ING fără diferenţe de sensdupă verbele: begin, continue, hate, like, love, prefer, start:I began to play chess three years ago. SAU: I began playing chess threeyears ago.Mike loves to drive fast cars. SAU: Mike loves driving fast cars.

4. INFINITIVUL + to sau forma în -ING au sensuri diferite după: remember,forget, try, stop, go on, regret:Have you forgotten posting that letter? (= Ai trimis-o dar nu-ţi aminteşti.)DAR: Have you forgotten to post that letter? (= Nu ai trimis-o?)I stopped smoking cigarettes because they were bad for me. (= Nu maifumez.) DAR: I stopped to smoke a cigarette. (= M-am oprit şi am fumat oţigară.)

http://trendzone.ro/imbracaminte/fuste-c37?off=69