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5/10/2015 List: Parts of bahay na bato | Filipiniana 101 http://filipiniana101.blogspot.com/2014/03/listpartsofbahaynabato.html 1/7 The turn of the century bahay na bato or "stone house" the Old Manila Nostalgia blog correctly renames it the bahay na bato at kahoy is practically extinct. Except for Las Casas de Acuzar, which dismantles bahay na bato from their original context and reconstructs them in a resort near the shore of Bagac, Bataan, no one builds them anymore. Although nonindigenous, the bahay na bato (at kahoy) has become "authentic Filipino," to go by Fernando NakpilZialcita's argument, because the original Spanish architectural design has been repurposed to suit the native climate using the native architectural idiom, in particular construction ideas from the bahay kubo. The Old Manila Nostalgia blogger observantly notes these ingenious adjustments: making the structure more earthquakeproof allowing more light into the house allowing more air shielding the house from the rain and heat of the sun raising the floor as a precaution against flood Bahay na bato researcher Maria Cecilia Sunico Atienza lists the following as among the most distinguishing features of the bahay na bato (in no particular order): portico, porte cochere, volada, loadbearing walls, pilasters, engaged column, stainedglass windows, capiz sliding ventanas, and ventanillas. Note that, just like everything else in Filipino culture, the bahay na bato also has several variations along ethnic lines, or so Imelda Marcos' Nayong Pilipino educated us long ago. The bahay na bato in Cebu, for example, has differences from the one in, say, Samar. Augusto Villalon, in support of this observation, has an interesting compareandcontrast essay on the Vigan (Ilocos Sur) bahay na bato versus the Taal (Batangas) bahay na bato. (Unfortunately, it can't be found via Google.) Other observers point out another distinguishing feature: the unprecedented mixing and matching of architectural styles, such that a bahay na bato can have neogothic and neoMudejar (neoMoorish) details in the same corners that is, on top of the baroque (which may be of particular style, e.g. the spareby comparison Viennese Secessionist style). These quaint mixes give the bahay na bato an architectural style that evolved from both East and West and thus making it truly Filipino. One can't help but think the bahay na bato should be a source of identity and pride among Filipinos, and yet the realities on the ground contradict this assumption. Instead of continuing with the construction of our houses in this tradition, which is perfectly suited to the tropics, we now mostly prefer the "modern Asian" or Japanese style. What we do with the fine cultural fusion that is the bahay na bato is consign it to the status of a museum artifact, to be visited and relished only as an afterthought. Apart from this, we obliterate it for commercial purposes, if not leave to selfdestruction. Why has the bahay na bato fallen into disrepair and disfavor? We can only speculate. Maybe the reason is economics: it's simply too expensive to build the bahay na bato in the original style using original materials. Could the reason also be sociopolitical in nature? Could it also be that its death is only a reflection of the death of the feudalistic structure of Philippine society? Let's not forget that, in its time, the bahay na bato is a status symbol, and because of that, the Filipino masses could only associate it with a social status and a way of life way beyond their means in their whole lifetime. Do the Filipino masses regard the bahay na bato with List: Parts of bahay na bato

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  • 5/10/2015 List:Partsofbahaynabato|Filipiniana101

    http://filipiniana101.blogspot.com/2014/03/listpartsofbahaynabato.html 1/7

    Theturnofthecenturybahaynabatoor"stonehouse"theOldManilaNostalgiablogcorrectlyrenamesitthebahaynabatoatkahoyispracticallyextinct.ExceptforLasCasasdeAcuzar,whichdismantlesbahaynabatofromtheiroriginalcontextandreconstructstheminaresortneartheshoreofBagac,Bataan,noonebuildsthemanymore.

    Althoughnonindigenous,thebahaynabato(atkahoy)hasbecome"authenticFilipino,"togobyFernandoNakpilZialcita'sargument,becausetheoriginalSpanisharchitecturaldesignhasbeenrepurposedtosuitthenativeclimateusingthenativearchitecturalidiom,inparticularconstructionideasfromthebahaykubo.TheOldManilaNostalgiabloggerobservantlynotestheseingeniousadjustments:

    makingthestructuremoreearthquakeproofallowingmorelightintothehouseallowingmoreairshieldingthehousefromtherainandheatofthesunraisingthefloorasaprecautionagainstflood

    BahaynabatoresearcherMariaCeciliaSunicoAtienzaliststhefollowingasamongthemostdistinguishingfeaturesofthebahaynabato(innoparticularorder):portico,portecochere,volada,loadbearingwalls,pilasters,engagedcolumn,stainedglasswindows,capizslidingventanas,andventanillas.

    Notethat,justlikeeverythingelseinFilipinoculture,thebahaynabatoalsohasseveralvariationsalongethniclines,orsoImeldaMarcos'NayongPilipinoeducateduslongago.ThebahaynabatoinCebu,forexample,hasdifferencesfromtheonein,say,Samar.AugustoVillalon,insupportofthisobservation,hasaninterestingcompareandcontrastessayontheVigan(IlocosSur)bahaynabatoversustheTaal(Batangas)bahaynabato.(Unfortunately,itcan'tbefoundviaGoogle.)

    Otherobserverspointoutanotherdistinguishingfeature:theunprecedentedmixingandmatchingofarchitecturalstyles,suchthatabahaynabatocanhaveneogothicandneoMudejar(neoMoorish)detailsinthesamecornersthatis,ontopofthebaroque(whichmaybeofparticularstyle,e.g.thesparebycomparisonVienneseSecessioniststyle).ThesequaintmixesgivethebahaynabatoanarchitecturalstylethatevolvedfrombothEastandWestandthusmakingittrulyFilipino.

    Onecan'thelpbutthinkthebahaynabatoshouldbeasourceofidentityandprideamongFilipinos,andyettherealitiesonthegroundcontradictthisassumption.Insteadofcontinuingwiththeconstructionofourhousesinthistradition,whichisperfectlysuitedtothetropics,wenowmostlypreferthe"modernAsian"orJapanesestyle.Whatwedowiththefineculturalfusionthatisthebahaynabatoisconsignittothestatusofamuseumartifact,tobevisitedandrelishedonlyasanafterthought.Apartfromthis,weobliterateitforcommercialpurposes,ifnotleavetoselfdestruction.

    Whyhasthebahaynabatofallenintodisrepairanddisfavor?Wecanonlyspeculate.Maybethereasoniseconomics:it'ssimplytooexpensivetobuildthebahaynabatointheoriginalstyleusingoriginalmaterials.

    Couldthereasonalsobesociopoliticalinnature?CoulditalsobethatitsdeathisonlyareflectionofthedeathofthefeudalisticstructureofPhilippinesociety?Let'snotforgetthat,initstime,thebahaynabatoisastatussymbol,andbecauseofthat,theFilipinomassescouldonlyassociateitwithasocialstatusandawayoflifewaybeyondtheirmeansintheirwholelifetime.DotheFilipinomassesregardthebahaynabatowith

    List:Partsofbahaynabato

    http://filipiniana101.blogspot.com/2014/03/list-parts-of-bahay-na-bato.html

  • 5/10/2015 List:Partsofbahaynabato|Filipiniana101

    http://filipiniana101.blogspot.com/2014/03/listpartsofbahaynabato.html 2/7

    hate,resentment,ordisdain?Maybetheleftleaningdo,butIhaveyettoactuallymeetsucharesentfulbunchamongfellowordinaryFilipinos.

    Withthebahaynabatoinevitablyvanishingfromourculture,exceptasmuseumartifactsandthemedresortstructures,thesearchitecturalandinteriordesigntermshavepracticallyvanishedalongwithit.Allwecandonowismakethisquickrequiemofalist:

    BahaynaBatoatKahoyArchitecturalandHomeFurnishingTerms

    Accessoria"apartmenttypedwellingcharacterizedbycommonpartywallssharedbyadjoiningunitswithseparatedooreachinfront"

    Aljibecistern

    AntesalaseeCaida

    Aparadordetreslunas"armoirewiththreesections"

    Arkoarch

    Azotea"openairbalconybesidethekitchenthathousedacistern(aljibe)andthebathroomandwasusuallyaworkarea"(BambiHarper)

    Atlas,Atlantes"acolumnintheshapeofaman"

    Balconajebalcony

    Banggera"awoodendishrackthatextendsoutsidethekitchenwindow.Afterthedishesarewashed,theyareplacedheretobeairdried.Theinvertedcupsareplacedontheendsofthewoodensticksandtheplatesareplacedinbetweenorabovetheslats.Onthefarleftisatapayan/banga,anearthenwarejarthatkeepswatercool."(OldManilaNostalgiablog)

    Baerabathtub

    Baobathroom

    Barandillas(usuallywooden)railingorbalustrade

    Barrigones"buntis"(pregnant)grillworkstoaccommodateplanters

    Butaka"aversionofsillaperezosawithnolegrests"

    Caidalandingontheupperentrancehall"foyerofthesecondfloor"alsocalledAntesala

    Caladolacestylefretworkorlatticeworkusedtoadornroomdividersandtoallowairtocirculate

    Capilla"longbench,astapleiteminthecaida"

  • 5/10/2015 List:Partsofbahaynabato|Filipiniana101

    http://filipiniana101.blogspot.com/2014/03/listpartsofbahaynabato.html 3/7

    Capital"topmostmemberofacolumn(orpilaster)mediatingbetweenthecolumnandtheload"

    Capizwindow(often)slidingwindowmadeofcapizshellscutintosquares

    Caryatid"asculptedfemalefigureservingasanarchitecturalsupporttakingtheplaceofacolumnorapillarsupportinganentablatureonherhead"

    Clerestory"anyhighwindowsaboveeyelevelforthepurposeofbringingoutsidelight,freshair,orbothintotheinnerspace"

    Cocinakitchenbuiltseparatelyfromthehouse

    Colonette"asmall,thindecorativecolumnsupportingabeam(horizontaltimber)orlintel(beamspanningadoororwindow)"

    Comedordiningroom

    ComuntoiletalsocalledLatrina

    Cornicealedgeor"generallyanyhorizontaldecorativemoldingthatcrownsabuildingorfurnitureelement"

    Court,Courtyard"aspaceenclosedbywallsandisopentotheskyhasazoteaorbalconaje"

    Cuartosrooms

    Cuatroaguas"hiproof,whichhasmorecornersandangles,makingitstrongerthanthedosaguas(gable)orhighpitchedroofduetostrongeraerodynamics(i.e.,morewindresistance)alsohastheadvantageofprovidinganoverhang,whichiseffectiveforprotectingthehousefromrainwaterandfromdirectsunlight"

    Dapugan"aplatforminthekitchenwherethe'kalan'orclaystoveisplaced"

    DespachoofficealsoOficina

    Dispensapantry

    Dosaguas"gableorhighpitchedroof"

    Eave"bottomedgeofaroof"

    Engagedcolumncolumninsupportoftheroofabove

    Entresuelomezzanine"literallymeaning'betweenfloors,thisistheareawhereclients,tenantsorestatemanagers(iftheownerwasarichlandowner)waitbeforebeingadmittedtotheoficina(office)"

    Escalerastairway

    Escritorio"alargechestofdrawers,commonlyadornedwithinlaywork"

  • 5/10/2015 List:Partsofbahaynabato|Filipiniana101

    http://filipiniana101.blogspot.com/2014/03/listpartsofbahaynabato.html 4/7

    Faadefront

    Finial"ausuallyfoliatedornamentforminganupperextremity"

    Gable"thepartofawallthatenclosestheendofapitchedroof"

    Gallineraliterally,"chickenseat""usuallyfoundoutsidetheoficinaofalandownercomingfromtheSpanishword'gallo'(chicken),thischurchbenchinspiredsetteeisusedforfarmerstoplacechickensonthecageunderneathinexchangeforpayingcash"(OldManilaNostalgiablog)

    Gargoyle"acarvedstonegrotesquewithaspoutdesignedtoconveywaterfromaroofandawayfromthesideofabuilding,therebypreventingrainwaterfromrunningdownmasonrywallsanderodingthemortarbetween"

    Gingerbreadtrim,Runningtrim"afancifullycutandpiercedfriezemetalsheetattachedtotheeaves,atrimmingthatinstantlytransformssimplewindowsintoapieceofart""usuallyattachedtotheeavestomakeitmoredecorativeandtocurvingironrodsthathelpsupportthemediaagua"

    Kamatypicallymeaningfourposterbed

    KamaniAhtay"aoncepopularsignaturefourposterbeddesignthatwascarvedbyafamousChinesefurnituremakernamedEduardoAhTay.TohavethisbedwasconsideredasymbolofstatusduringtheSpanishera."(OldManilaNostalgiablog)

    Kantoneras(Brackets)"eitherplaincaladocutoutsorfullycarvedembellishmentsusuallyplacedwherebeamsandcolumnsintersectespeciallyunderthe"soffit"oroverhangingceilingoutsidehousealsoseentodecoratedoororwindowopenings,hallwaysorsimplydividingspaces"

    Lansenaskitchensideboards

    LatrinaseeComun

    Loadbearingwallwallusedinplaceofpoststobearweight

    Machucatiles(formerlyknownasbaldozasmosaicas)colorfulMediterraneanstylecementtilesusedforthezaguanflooringmanufacturedbytheMachucacompanyanotherbrandisMajolica

    Mediaaguascanopyorroofshed,consistingof"apieceofmetalroofthatprotectsthewindowfromrainorheat"nottobeconfusedwithawning

    Miradorlighthouse

    Moulding,molding"astripofmaterial(suchaswoodormetal)withsomedesignorpatternthatisusedasadecorationonawall,ontheedgeofatable,etc."

    Oratorioprayerroomwithanaltarofsantos

    Paintedmetalsheetceiling"tinorcopperceilingfrommaybelateVictoriantoearlyAmericancolonial

  • 5/10/2015 List:Partsofbahaynabato|Filipiniana101

    http://filipiniana101.blogspot.com/2014/03/listpartsofbahaynabato.html 5/7

    period,topreventdecaybymoistureorworms(orevenmouse)"

    Paminggalan"acabinetwhereleftoverfoodandpreservesarestored.Thedoorsofthecabinethaveslatssothatitcanabsorbairandroomtemperatureinside.Toavoidantsfromcomingupandgettingtothefood,thelegsofthecabinetareplacedoncontainersfilledwithkeroseneoranyliquid."(OldManilaNostalgiablog)

    Pasamanowindowledge

    Persianalouverwindow

    PiedrachinaChinesestoneusedtopavethefloorofthezaguan

    Pilasterfalsepillar"usedtogivetheappearanceofasupportingcolumnandtoarticulateanextentofwall,withonlyanornamentalfunction"

    Plateraaparadororcabinetforkitchenware(chieflychina)

    Portecocherehorsecarriageporchorporticoatthemainentrance

    Portico"(fromItalian)aporchleadingtotheentranceofabuilding,orextendedasacolonnade,witharoofstructureoverawalkway,supportedbycolumnsorenclosedbywalls"

    Puerta"dooroftheentradaprincipal(mainentrance)"

    Puertita"smallcutdoorthatispartofthepuerta"

    Pugonclayoven

    Punkahceilingclothfan

    Salamayormainlivingroom,placeforlateafternoonpartiescalledtertuliasanddancescalledbailes

    Salamenorsecondarylivingroom

    SillasAmericanas"Americanchairs,consideredtheMonoblocchairsoftheirtime(duetoubiquity)"

    Sillaperezosalazychair

    Solihiyatypicalweavepatterninfurniture

    Stainedglass"glasscoloredorstained(asbyfusingmetallicoxidesintoit)fordecorativeapplications(asinwindows)"

    Transom"transversehorizontalstructuralbeamorbar"

    Trompel'oeil"astyleofpaintinginwhichthingsarepaintedinawaythatmakesthemlooklikerealobjects"

    TumbatumbaPhilippinerockingchair

  • 5/10/2015 List:Partsofbahaynabato|Filipiniana101

    http://filipiniana101.blogspot.com/2014/03/listpartsofbahaynabato.html 6/7

    Ventana"woodenwindowpanelthatusesagridpatternwithflattenedcapizshellpanes"ofteninslidingstyle,asopposedtoflingingout

    Ventanillaliterally'smallwindow'"slidingpanelsbetweenthefloorandwindows"toallowmoreairandlight"usuallyprotectedbybalustradeswhichcaneitherbewoodenorwroughtirongrills"

    Volada"anenclosedoverhangingbalcony""agallery(alongtheelaboratesystemofwindows)whichprotectstheroomsfromtheheatofthesun"

    YerongpukpokseeGingerbreadtrim

    Zaguangroundfloor(literally"passageway"inArabic)toaccommodatehorsecarriagesandcarrozas(processionalcarriages)

    Webliography:

    EnglishOxfordDictionary

    Wikipedia

    http://www.scribd.com/doc/28427065/PhilippineSpanishInteriorDesign[http://www.scribd.com/doc/28427065/PhilippineSpanishInteriorDesign]

    BahaynaBatobyRodrigoD.Perez(2007)http://www.librarylink.org.ph/featarticle.asp?articleid=110[http://www.librarylink.org.ph/featarticle.asp?articleid=110]

    OldManilaNostalgiaFacebookpage:https://www.facebook.com/oldmanilanostalgia[https://www.facebook.com/oldmanilanostalgia]

    http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/122223/taals19thcenturyhousehistorymadeinteresting#ixzz2vGohlJ7D[http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/122223/taals19thcenturyhousehistorymadeinteresting#ixzz2vGohlJ7D]

    PhilippineAncestralHouses(18101930)byFernandoNakpilZialcitaandMartinI.Tinio,GCFBooks(1980)

    ArkitekturangFilipino:AHistoryofArchitectureandUrbanisminthePhilippinesbyGerardLico,UPPress(2008)

    PhilippineHeritageHomes:AGuidebookbyJaimeC.Laya,CristinaV.TuralbaandMartinI.Tinio,Jr.(2014)

    AncestralHousesinthePhilippinesFacebookpagemembersMariaCeciliaAtienzaSunico,ChrisChan,etal.

    Posted20thMarch2014byR.O.

    0 Addacomment

    http://www.scribd.com/doc/28427065/Philippine-Spanish-Interior-Designhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06308416791417331341http://www.librarylink.org.ph/featarticle.asp?articleid=110http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/122223/taals-19th-century-house-history-made-interesting#ixzz2vGohlJ7Dhttps://www.facebook.com/oldmanilanostalgia

  • 5/10/2015 List:Partsofbahaynabato|Filipiniana101

    http://filipiniana101.blogspot.com/2014/03/listpartsofbahaynabato.html 7/7

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