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The Marquess of Pombal

Square (Praça do Marquês de Pombal) is an

important roundabout

located between the Avenida da Liberdade

(Liberty Avenue) and

the Eduardo VII Park.

Its name is a reference to Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquess of Pombal, 1st Count of Oeiras, the mighty prime-minister who ruled Portugal from 1750 to 1777. In the middle of the roundabout there is a large column dedicated to him, built between 1917 and 1934 and created by Adães Bermudes, António Couto and Francisco Santos. A bronze statue of the Marquess is on the top, with a lion - symbol of power - by his side. The Marquis is shown looking towards the Baixa Pombalina, the area of Lisbon that was rebuilt under his direction after the disastrous 1755 Lisbon Earthquake.

He was Secretary of the State of the Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves (the equivalent to a today's Prime Minister) in the government of Joseph I of Portugal from 1750 to 1777. Undoubtedly the most prominent minister in the government, he is considered today to have been the de facto head of government. Pombal is notable for his swift and competent leadership in the aftermath of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. He implemented sweeping economic policies in Portugal to regulate commercial activity and standardize quality throughout the country. Pombal was instrumental in weakening the grip of the Inquisition. The term Pombaline is used to describe not only his tenure, but also the architectural style which formed after the great earthquake

At the top of the 36 meter high pedestal stands the 9 meter bronze statue of the Marquês de Pombal while the base is full of symbolism from both the 1755 earthquake and the turn of the last century. The major carvings are elephants which signify power and leadership while the rough stones and jagged rocks remembers the shattered ground after the 1755 earthquake.

The monument of the Marques de Pombal

was designed by Francisco Santos, Adães

Bermudes and António

Couto.

The Parque Eduardo VII (Edward VII Park) is the largest park in the center of Lisbon. In the northwest corner of the park is the Estufa Fria, a greenhouse garden.The park was created in the late 19th century as an extension of the Avenida da Liberdade. It was originally known as the Parque da Liberdade but renamed in 1903 in honor of king Edward VII, who had visited the city the previous year to strengthen the historical ties between Portugal and Britain

State prison, Lisbon

State prison, Lisbon

Alcohol. It's cheap but could be a problem. The Portuguese Penal Code says that if you drive with a alcohol level over 0.5 gr/Lt (the lowest limit in Europe) you are over the limit of the law. And in Portugal it's a crime. It's more serious than just to pay a fee. State prison, Lisbon

State prison, Lisbon

A driver's blood alcohol

level is not allowed to

exceed 0.05 percent and the penalties are extremely stiff and high amounts may include time in prison of up to 2 years and a

fine of € 2,500.00.

Exceeding the limit by 0.5% to 0.8 % is a

fine of € 700.00. From 0.8% to 1.2% is € 2,000.00

The 26 hectare (64 acres) large park is situated on a slope just north of the Praça Marquês de Pombal. It is divided into three sections, with a central grass area with a geometric pattern of hedges and two landscaped gardens on either side.The northeast section has a small but colorful garden embellished with a number of statues

Fernando Botero, Maternidade, 1999

Fernando Botero,

Maternidade, 1999

Pavilhão Carlos Lopes

The Carlos Lopes Pavilion was originally created for the 1922-1923 exposition in Rio de Janeiro, held in celebration of the centenary of the Independence of Brazil.

After the exposition, the pavilion was reconstructed in the Parque Eduardo VII. It opened in 1932, just in time for the Portuguese Industrial Exhibition. After the exhibition the pavilion was used as a meeting venue, convert hall and even a sports hall. Originally known as the Exhibitions Palace, the pavilion was renamed in 1984 in honor of Carlos Lopes, winner of Portugal's first ever gold medal.

Pavilhão Carlos Lopes

The white and ochre painted pavilion was designed by the Portuguese architects Guilherme and Carlos Rebello de Andrade and Alfredo Assunção Santos.

Sculptor Raul Xavier created the sculptures that flank the main entrance.

Pavilhão Carlos Lopes

was beautifully decorated with large ceramic panels created by the azulejo artist Jorge Colaço.

Pavilhão Carlos Lopes

In 2003 the pavilion had become dilapidated and the city decided to close the building. Plans to convert the building into a sports museum fell through due to financial problems.

Pavilhão Carlos Lopes

The Eduardo VII Park

Praça do Marquês de Pombal)

Avenida da Liberdade

Sound: Cristina Branco - Invitation au Voyage; Sete Pedaços de Vento

Text: InternetPictures: Internet Sanda FoişoreanuCopyrights of the photos belong to each photographer

Presentation: Sanda Foişoreanuwww.slideshare.net/michaelasanda