LIQUID BIOFUEL POWER PLANTS

Refinery process

Unrefined vegetable oil

Refined oil

Food industry

Waste oil

Diesel power plant

Power

Heat

Refinery by-products

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VEGETABLE OIL UTILIZATION

Liquid biofuel can be produced from practically

any oil-rich crop,be it oil palm, soy, rapeseed,

jatropha oil or sunfl ower seeds. Liquid

biofuels can also be of non-vegetable origin,

for example oils or fats from fi sh, poultry or

terrestrial animals. In order to minimize the

lifecycle impact on greenhouse gas emissions,

Wärtsilä liquid biofuel plants are designed to

operate on straight oils or fats – without any

supplementary energy for fuel refi nement

needed.

“The use of vegetable oils for engine

fuels may seem insignifi cant today. But

such oils may in the course of time

become as important as petroleum

and the coal tar products of the

present time.” Rudolf Diesel, 1912

WE TAKE IT STRAIGHT.

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RAIN OR SHINE.

Electricity provided for the grid should be

stable. Many green energy solutions – like

solar and wind power – depend on weather

conditions. Wärtsilä liquid biofuel power plants

rely on dependable, renewable resources and

offer high overall plant performance at all

times.

As a matter of fact, biofuels have just

as much to offer to business people as to

environmentalists. Making money while

taking the environmental issues of today into

consideration is a good investment – now and

for the future.

World energy demand is increasing

steadily. At the same time, concerns regarding

the environment, and in particular about

climate change, are making the reduction of

greenhouse gas emissions a priority. Wärtsilä

has developed technical solutions to meet

these needs: liquid biofuel power plants offer

sustainable power generation and enable

greenhouse gas emissions to be reduced.

In many countries, owners of power

plants with low greenhouse emissions benefit

twice over: both from selling their electricity

to the national grids, as well as from green

incentives.

Still, the future of liquid biofuels depends on

crop availability, and solutions to produce the

fuel in an environmentally and economically

RELIABLE ENERGY. ECONOMIC VIABILITY.

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sustainable manner. At its best, biofuel

production creates local job opportunities, thus

promoting social and economic cohesion. It

also improves regional fuel supply security by

reducing the need for imported fuels. In some

cases, energy crop cultivation might even help

to fight soil erosion.

Sound economics combined with superior

eco-friendliness!

OUR TIME IS NOW.

“Just as science and technology has

given us the evidence to measure the

danger of climate change, so it can help

us find safety from it. The potential for

innovation, for scientific discovery and

hence, of course for business investment

and growth, is enormous. With the right

framework for action, the very act of

solving it can unleash a new and benign

commercial force to take the action

forward, providing jobs, technology spin-

offs and new business opportunities as

well as protecting the world we live in.”

Former British Prime Minister, Tony Blair

“It is now widely acknowledged that

avoiding the potentially catastrophic

aspects of climate impacts will require

limiting global warming to 2 degrees

Celsius. In order to limit the risk of

exceeding this threshold to 20% or less,

the long-term concentration of CO2

equivalent (CO2e) must be no more than

450 ppm. Allow the concentration to reach

550 ppm, as it will in 30–40 years time if

nothing is done, and disaster becomes all

but inevitable.

Stabilising greenhouse gas

concentrations at 450 ppm is the great

task of this generation. This is not a

discretionary aspiration – it is a target

we must achieve. Climate does more

than affect people directly. It affects all

environmental and ecological processes.

Left unchecked, these trends have the

power to affect the basic elements of life

– access to water, food production, health

and our environment, for every human on

the planet.

Improved energy efficiency and the use

of biofuels are steps well taken in order to

ensure the future of our planet.”Source: Copenhagen Climate Council Manifesto

LBFstorage

tankLBFdaytank

LBFbuffertank

LFO/biodiesel storage

tank

Transferpumpunit

Unloadingpumpunit

Mixingtank

Feeder unit

Booster unit

Filter

Heater

Viscositymeter

Safetyfilter

Boosterpump

F

FlowPump

Return fuel cooler

Flowmeter

Back-upfuel

heater

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IT’S ALL ABOUT THE FEED.Liquid biofuels have been known since

the beginning of the industrial revolution.

But it is only recently that environmental

and commercial pressures have resulted

in substantial research into maximizing

efficiency for electrical power generation.

Biofuels are derived from biological material

and can be produced from any carbon

source, usually plants but they can also be of

animal origin. Typical liquid biofuel sources

approved for use in Wärtsilä engines are

oils from various oilseeds, such as palm oil,

palm stearin, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil and

jatropha oil as well as non-vegetable oils and

fats from fish, poultry and terrestrial animals.

Highly refined liquid biofuels, such as

biodiesel produced through transesterification

of vegetable oils or animal fats are also

approved for Wärtsilä engines.

It is in the fuel feed system where the

major research on the larger medium-speed

engines has taken place. Medium-speed

engines are designed to run on heavy fuel oil

(HFO), and are thus also suitable for straight

liquid biofuel operation in contrast to smaller

high-speed diesel engines which require

high quality light fuel oils or biodiesels.

The medium-speed engines have for years

proven their worth as power generating

sets for electricity under the most extreme

conditions on the planet.

While optimizing our standard engine

design, we have developed a fuel feed system

which controls the temperature and viscosity

throughout the power plant. This eliminates

over-heating or cold points which can lead

Straight liquid biofuel specifications

Property Unit Limit Test method reference

Viscosity, max. Injection viscosity, min. Injection viscosity, max.

cSt @ 40 °C cSt cSt

100 1)

1.8 – 2.8 2)

24ISO 3104

Density, max. kg/m³ @ 15 °C 991 ISO 3675 or 12185

Ignition properties 3) FIA test

Sulphur, max. % m/m 0.05 ISO 8754

Total sediment existent, max. % m/m 0.05 ISO 10307-1

Water, max. before engine % v/v 0.20 ISO 3733

Micro carbon residue, max. % m/m 0.50 ISO 10370

Ash, max. % m/m 0.05 ISO 6245 / LP1001

Phosphorus, max. mg/kg 100 ISO 10478

Silicon, max. mg/kg 15 ISO 10478

Alkali content (Na+K), max. mg/kg 30 ISO 10478

Flash point (PMCC), min. °C 60 ISO 2719

Cloud point, max. °C 4) ISO 3015

Cold filter plugging point, max. °C 4) IP 309

Copper strip corrosion (3 hrs @ 50 °C), max. Rating 1b ASTM D130Steel corrosion (24 / 72 hours @ 20, 60 and 120 °C), max.

RatingNo signs of corrosion

LP 2902

Acid number, max. mg KOH/g 15.0 ASTM D664

Strong acid number, max. mg KOH/g 0.0 ASTM D664

Iodine number, max. g iodine /100 g 120 ISO 3961

Synthetic polymers % m/m Report 5) LP 2401 ext. and LP 3402

1) If injection viscosity of max. 24 cSt can not be achieved with an unheated fuel, fuel system has to be equipped with a heater (mm²/s = cSt). 2) Min. limit at engine inlet in running conditions; W20: 1,8 cSt, W32: 2,0 cSt, W46: 2,8 cSt, W34DF: 2,0 cSt, W50DF: 2,8 cSt (mm²/s = cSt). 3) Ignition properties have to be equal to or better than the requirements for fossil fuels, i.e., CN min. 35 for LFO and CCAI max. 870 for HFO. 4) Cloud point and cold filter plugging point have to be at least 10 °C below fuel injection temperature. 5) Biofuels originating from food industry can contain synthetic polymers, like e.g. styrene, propene and ethylene used in packing material. Such compounds can cause filter clogging and shall thus not be present in biofuels.

to changes in fuel characteristics. Decades

of experience and a system consisting of

separators, heaters, filters and coolers has

helped us to develop optimal solutions for

maximum fuel efficiency and a minimum of

emissions.

LBF FUEL SYSTEM

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A TYPICAL COMBINED CYCLE PLANT

Exhaust gas silencer

SCR-unit(option)

Engine-generator set

Exhaust gas boiler

Steam turbine

COMBINED CYCLE PLANTSIn order to meet market needs and demands, we are continuously developing new plant concepts, among them Combined Cycle plants. For biofuel plants below 50 MWe, using both Wärtsilä 32 and Wärtsilä 46 engines, very high electrical effi ciencies are achieved when utilizing waste heat for generating additional electricity. The ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) as well as ordinary steam based solutions are used for this purpose.

50 MWE COMBINED CYCLE PLANTEngine type ........................................3 x Wärtsilä 18V46Turbine type ........................... Condensing steam turbineTotal electrical output......................................51.2 MWeElectrical effi ciency ................................... 49.2% (gross)

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2005

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WÄRTSILÄ RENEWABLE FUEL MILESTONES

• February–September 2009. Successful engine tests with jatropha oil, and animal based fi sh and chicken oils on a Wärtsilä Vasa 4R32 engine at VTT in Espoo, Finland.

• October 2002. An 18 hour verifi cation test with refi ned palm oil, palm stearin and olive olein on a Wärtsilä 6L32 engine at the engine laboratory in Vaasa, Finland.

• September 2001. A 50 hour engine test with waste vegetable oil from the food processing industry on a Wärtsilä 6L26 engine at the test laboratory in Zwolle, Netherlands.

• 1995. Engine test with wood pyrolysis oil on a Wärtsilä Vasa 4R32 engine at VTT in Espoo, Finland. The engine was able to operate on pyrolysis oil. The conclusion was that pyrolysis oil operation requires further R&D which was not justifi ed based on the market outlook at that time.

• April 1995. A 200 hour engine test with rapeseed oil on a Wärtsilä Vasa 4R32 engine was performed at VTT in Espoo, Finland. The test was successful and vegetable oil was approved as fuel for Wärtsilä diesel engines.

PRACTICALLY EMISSIONS-FREE.

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A LIFETIME OF CLEAN ENERGY IS ENSURED BY SOLUTIONS BEYOND THE FUEL.

To reduce greenhouse emissions, Wärtsilä

liquid biofuel power plants are designed to

operate on straight vegetable oils – without

any energy consumption for fuel refinement

needed. The oils can typically be extracted

with simple methods so that even the CO2

emissions associated with the fuel production

and refinement are minimized.

The sulphur emissions are insignificant

compared to those associated with fossil fuels

because vegetable oils and animal fats do not

contain significant amounts of sulphur.

The selective catalyst reduction

technologies for NOX abatement typically

enable an 85…90% reduction in NOX

emissions from the exhaust gases.

Particle emissions (PM) in liquid biofuel-

based power plants depend mainly on the

ash content of the used fuel. Experience has

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shown that with good-quality liquid biofuels it

is possible to reach low PM levels that meet

stringent European standards.

Moreover, with vegetable oils the carbon

monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions are

low due to the highly efficient diesel engine

process.

The power is also generated with a minimal

use of water, so the impact on water resources

is negligible.

Last but not least, Wärtsilä liquid biofuel

power plants offer a very high simple cycle

electrical efficiency. You simply get more output

for your input!

Our aim is to ensure you get the best possible

performance from your power plant investment

throughout its lifecycle. After all, who could be

better at this than the people who designed

and built the plant?

We provide a comprehensive range of

services built on the concept of enhancing

the customer’s profi tability by optimizing all

aspects of the power plant operation. The

services range from rapid spare parts delivery

to a complete operation and maintenance

partnership, allowing you to focus on your core

business.

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SUSTAINED PARTNERSHIP FOR SUSTAINED DEVELOPMENT.

GREENPOWER, MERKSPLAS, BELGIUMEngine: ..............................................1 x Wärtsilä 20V32 Output: ...........................9 MWe + 7.5 MWth (Hot water)Fuel: .....................................Liquid biofuel (Jatropha oil)Emission control: .............................SCR NOX abatementDelivered: ........................................................ Q3 2009The heat produced by the plant is supplied to a drying facility for digested biomass recovered from a manure fermentation plant, as well as to a commercial greenhouse for tomato production. The 9 MW Wärtsilä 20V32 engine will provide suffi cient electrical power to serve approximately 20,000 households. The gross electrical effi ciency is 44.2% and overall effi ciency is more than 85%. The annual reduction in CO emissions will exceed 36,000 tons.

Wärtsilä Operations & Management

currently runs more than 130 plants around

the world, making it the world’s leading power

plant O&M contractor.

If you choose to operate the plant yourself,

you can still rest assured that you have the

best possible support available when and

where you need it – from training to online

support and service or modernization and

upgrading of the plant. Our global network is

always ready to make sure your power plant

performs fl awlessly, free of breakdowns and

unwanted downtime throughout its lifetime.

BY THE END OF 2010 THERE WILL BE ABOUT 800 MW OF WÄRTSILÄ LIQUID BIOFUEL POWER PLANTS IN OPERATION.

Wärtsilä 50DFTechnical data 50 Hz/500 rpm Unit 18V50DFPower, electrical kW 16621 (16621)*Heat rate kJ/kWh 7616 (8195)*Electrical efficiency % 47.3 (43.9)*Technical data 60 Hz/514 rpmPower, electrical kW 17076 (17076)*Heat rate kJ/kWh 7618 (8186)*Electrical efficiency % 47.3 (44.0)*Dimensions and dry weight with generating setLength mm 18780 (18780)*Width mm 4090 (4090)*Height mm 6020 (6020)*Weight tonne 355 (355)*

Heat rate and electrical efficiency at generator terminals, including engine driven pumps, ISO 3046 conditions and gas LHV > 28 MJ/m3

N. Tolerance 5%. Power factor 0.8. Gas Methane Number > 80. Nm3 defined at NTP (273.15 K and 101.3 kPa). *In oil mode.

DUAL-FUEL ENGINESWärtsilä 34DFTechnical data 50 Hz/750 rpm 6L34DF 9L34DF 16V34DF 20V34DFPower, electrical kW 2579 3888 6970 8730Heat rate kJ/kWh 8347 (8517)* 8303 (8214)* 8048 (8146)* 8031 (8127)*Electrical efficiency % 43.1 (42.3)* 44.4 (44.3)* 44.7 (44.1)* 44.8 (44.3)* Technical data 60 Hz/720rpmPower, electrical kW 2493 3758 6737 8439Heat rate kJ/kWh 8347 (8437)* 8303 (8175)* 8048 (8107)* 8031 (8127)*Electrical efficiency % 43.1 (42.7)* 43.4 (44.0)* 44.7 (44.4)* 44.8 (44.3)* Dimensions and dry weight of generating setLength mm 8400 10400 11300 12890Width mm 2780 2780 3300 3300Height mm 3840 3842 4240 4440Weight tonne 58 77 120 130

Heat rate and electrical efficiency at generator terminals, including engine driven pumps, ISO 3046 conditions and gas LHV > 28 MJ/m3

N. Tolerance 5%. Power factor 0.8. Gas Methane Number > 80. Nm3 defined at NTP (273.15 K and 101.3 kPa). *In oil mode.

LIQUID FUEL ENGINESWärtsilä 20Technical data 50 Hz/1000 rpm Unit 6L20 8L20 9L20Power, electrical kW 1026 1368 1539Heat rate kJ/kWh 8561 8647 8604Electrical efficiency % 42.0 41.6 41.8Technical data 60 Hz/900 rpmPower, electrical kW 969 1292 1454Heat rate kJ/kWh 8519 8604 8561Electrical efficiency % 42.3 41.8 42.0Dimensions and dry weight of generating setLength mm 5400 6540 6820Width mm 1850 1950 1950Height mm 2375 2620 2620Weight tonne 18 23 24

Heat rate and electrical efficiency at generator terminals, including engine-driven pumps. ISO 3046 conditions and LHV. Tolerance 5%. Power factor 0.8.

Wärtsilä 46Technical data 50 Hz/500 rpm Unit 12V46* 18V46* 20V46F/600 rpmPower, electrical kW 11384 17076 22425Heat rate kJ/kWh 7732 7732 7698Electrical efficiency % 46.6 46.6 46.8Technical data 60 Hz/514 rpm 600 rpmPower, electrical kW 11384 17076 22425Heat rate kJ/kWh 7732 7732 7698Electrical efficiency % 46.6 46.6 46.8Dimensions and dry weight of generating setLength mm 15400 18260 20710Width mm 5090 5090 6275Height mm 5700 5885 6230Weight tonne 265 358 424

Heat rate and electrical efficiency at generator terminals, including engine-driven pumps. ISO 3046 conditions and LHV. Tolerance 5%. Power factor 0.8.*Gas diesel version available.

Wärtsilä 32Technical data 50 Hz/750 rpm 6L32 9L32 12V32 16V32 18V32 20V32Power, electrical kW 2636 3974 5327 7124 8032 8924Heat rate kJ/kWh 8048 8006 7840 7815 7799 7799Electrical efficiency % 44.7 45.0 45.9 46.1 46.2 46.2Technical data 60 Hz/720rpmPower, electrical kW 2579 3888 5211 6970 7841 8730Heat rate kJ/kWh 8048 8006 7840 7815 7820 7799Electrical efficiency % 44.7 45.0 45.9 46.1 46.0 46.2Dimensions and dry weight of generating setLength mm 8766 11200 10030 11239 11500 12200Width mm 2418 2410 3050 3300 3300 3300Height mm 3738 3740 4420 4343 4220 4420Weight tonne 58 82 92 119 127 130

Heat rate and electrical efficiency at generator terminals, including engine-driven pumps. ISO 3046 conditions and LHV. Tolerance 5%. Power factor 0.8.

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Wärtsilä 34DF

Wärtsilä 50DF

Dual-fuel engines (gaseous fuel/liquid fuel)

Liquid biofuel engines

Wärtsilä 20

Wärtsilä 32

Wärtsilä 46

MW 1 5 10 50 100 300 500

POWER PLANT OUTPUT RANGE

MONOPOLI, ITALYItalGreen Energy in Italy and Wärtsilä combined to build the world’s largest power plant for simultaneous generation of electricity and heat fuelled exclusively by straight vegetable oil. The plant commissioned the first two Wärtsilä 18V32 generating sets in August 2004 with a total capacity of some 16 MW. In 2005 the plant extended its capacity to 24 MW and the latest extension of 100 MW is under construction and will be in commercial use early in 2007. Located inside the existing vegetable oil refinery, the plant supplies both green electricity to the national grid and steam and power to satisfy the factory process demand. Fuel testing, detailed engineering, delivery of the full generating set package, start-up and erection supervision were all included in our delivery. Operation of the 3 first engines started in January 2008

Engines: ...................6 x Wärtsilä 18V46 + Steam turbineOutput: ..............100 MWe (engines) + 11 MWe (turbine)Fuel: ................................Liquid biofuel (mainly palm oil)Emission control: .............................SCR NOX abatement

UNIGRÀ, CONSELICE, ITALYEngines: ................ 3 x Wärtsilä 18V46 + combined cycle Output: ....... 50 MWe (engines) + 6 MWe (steam turbine)Fuel: ....................................Liquid biofuel (vegetable oil)Emission control: .............................SCR NOX abatementDelivered: .............................................September 2008

WÄRTSILÄ® is a registered trademark. Copyright © 2010 Wärtsilä Corporation.

Wärtsilä is a global leader in complete lifecycle power solutions for the

marine and energy markets. By emphasising technological innovation

and total efficiency, Wärtsilä maximises the environmental and economic

performance of the vessels and power plants of its customers. Wärtsilä

is listed on the NASDAQ OMX Helsinki, Finland.

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