lipids
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AP Biology
Lipids: Fats & Oils
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AP Biology 2006-2007
Lipidslong term energy storage
concentrated energy
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AP Biology
Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O
long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)
“Family groups” fats phospholipids steroids
Do not form polymers big molecules made of smaller subunits not a continuing chain
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AP Biology
Fats Structure:
glycerol (3C alcohol) + fatty acid fatty acid =
long HC “tail” with carboxyl (COOH) group “head”
dehydration synthesis
H2O
enzyme
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AP Biology
Building Fats Triacylglycerol
3 fatty acids linked to glycerol ester linkage = between OH & COOH
hydroxyl carboxyl
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AP Biology
Dehydration synthesis
dehydration synthesis
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
enzyme
enzyme
enzyme
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AP Biology
Fats store energy Long HC chain
polar or non-polar? hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
Function: energy storage
concentrated all H-C!
2x carbohydrates
cushion organs insulates body
think whale blubber!
Why do humanslike fatty foods?
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AP Biology
Saturated fats All C bonded to H
No C=C double bonds long, straight chain most animal fats solid at room temp
contributes to cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis) = plaque deposits
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AP Biology
Unsaturated fats C=C double bonds in
the fatty acids plant & fish fats vegetable oils liquid at room temperature
the kinks made by doublebonded C prevent the molecules from packing tightly together
mono-unsaturated?poly-unsaturated?
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AP Biology
Saturated vs. unsaturatedsaturated unsaturated
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AP Biology
Phospholipids Structure:
glycerol + 2 fatty acids + PO4
PO4 = negatively charged
It’s just like apenguin…
A head at one end& a tail
at the other!
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AP Biology
Phospholipids Hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
fatty acid tails = PO4 head = split “personality”
interaction with H2O is complex & very important!
“repelled by water”
“attracted to water”
Come here,No, go away!Come here,No, go away!
hydrophobic
hydrophillic
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AP Biology
Phospholipids in water Hydrophilic heads “attracted” to H2O
Hydrophobic tails “hide” from H2O can self-assemble into “bubbles”
bubble = “micelle” can also form a phospholipid bilayer early evolutionary stage of cell?
bilayer
water
water
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AP Biology
Why is this important? Phospholipids create a barrier in water
define outside vs. inside they make cell membranes!
Tell themabout soap!
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AP Biology
Steroids Structure:
4 fused C rings + ?? different steroids created by attaching different
functional groups to rings different structure creates different function
examples: cholesterol, sex hormones
cholesterol
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AP Biology
Cholesterol Important cell component
animal cell membranes precursor of all other steroids
including vertebrate sex hormones
high levels in blood may contribute to cardiovascular disease
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AP Biology
Cholesterol
helps keep cell membranes
fluid & flexible
Important component of cell membrane
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AP Biology
From Cholesterol → Sex Hormones What a big difference a few atoms can make!
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AP Biology 2006-2007
Let’s build some
Lipids!