Ethnic Minority Development Plan of the Linxia Subproject of the World Bank-financed Gansu Rural-Urban Integration Infrastructure Project

Linxia County Government (LCG)Linxia PMO

National Research Center for Resettlement, Hohai UniversitySeptember 2014

Linxia Subproject of the World Bank-financed Gansu Rural-Urban Integration Infrastructure

Project

IPP739 V3 REV

Contents1. Introduction..............................................................................................................................1

1.1 Background of the Subproject.............................................................................................11.2 Components........................................................................................................................21.3 Objectives of the EMDP.....................................................................................................21.4 Ethnic Minority Development Objectives of the Subproject..............................................21.5 Research Methods...............................................................................................................2

2. Overview of Ethnic Minorities in the Subproject Area.......................................................32.1 Population...........................................................................................................................3

2.1.1 Overview of the project area minorities.............................................................32.2.2 Project Impact minority situation.............................................................................3

2.2 Religious Believes and Cultural Overview.........................................................................82.3 Socioeconomic Profile......................................................................................................10

2.3.1 Economy..............................................................................................................102.3.2 Education.............................................................................................................112.3.3 Poverty.................................................................................................................122.3.4 Traffic Modes.......................................................................................................12

2.4 Prevailing Ethnic Minority Policy Framework.................................................................123. Overview of Social Assessment.........................................................................................15

3.1 Purpose, Methods and Process of SA................................................................................153.1.1 Purpose of SA.....................................................................................................153.1.2 Methods of SA....................................................................................................153.1.3 SA Process..........................................................................................................16

3.2 Impacts of the Subproject on Ethnic Minorities................................................................163.2.1 Positive Impacts..................................................................................................173.2.2 Potential Risks....................................................................................................17

3.3 Social Gender and Development.......................................................................................183.3.1 Local Women’s Development...........................................................................183.3.2 Impacts of the Subproject on Women.............................................................19

3.4 Key Suggestions from SA.................................................................................................194. Public Participation and Consultation................................................................................21

4.1 Early-stage Participation Process......................................................................................214.2 Outcomes of Community Participation.............................................................................224.3 Participation Plan for the Implementation Stage...............................................................224.4 Grievance Redress Mechanism.........................................................................................22

5. Action Plan............................................................................................................................245.1 Measures to Protect Ethnic Minorities’ Interests...............................................................245.2 Implementing Agency and Schedule.................................................................................25

5.2.1 Implementing Agency and Capacity Building.................................................255.2.2 Implementation Schedule..................................................................................26

5.3 Financial Budget...............................................................................................................266. Monitoring and Evaluation..................................................................................................29

Appendix 1 Breakdown of Directly Affected Minority Population (Units: person, %)..........30Appendix 2 Prevailing Ethnic Minority Policy Framework....................................................32Appendix 3 Summary of Early-stage Participation Activities.................................................34Appendix 4 Outcomes of Early-stage Public Participation.....................................................35

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Appendix 5 Participation Plan for the Implementation Stage.................................................35Appendix 6 Fieldwork Photos.................................................................................................37

List of Tables

Table2- 1 Population of Linxia Prefecture, Linxia County and Subproject Area by Ethnic Group (0,000 people, %)......................................................................................................................3Table2- 2 Breakdown of Directly Affected Minority Population (Units: person, %).....................5Table2- 3 Economic Indicators of Gansu Province, Linxia Prefecture, Linxia County and Townships in the Subproject Area...........................................................................................11Table2- 4 Educational Levels of Gansu Province, Linxia Prefecture, Linxia County and Subproject Area (%)................................................................................................................11Table2- 5 Educational Levels by Ethnic Group (%).................................................................11Table2- 6 Traffic Modes by Ethnic Group (%)..........................................................................12Table 5-1 Key Persons Responsible of the PMO and Contact Information ............................. 25 Table 5-2 Implementation Schedule........................................................................................26Table 5-3 Ethnic Minority Development Action Plan................................................................27 Table 6-1 Terms of Reference for Monitoring and Evaluation.................................................29

List of FiguresFigure 1-1 Location Map of the Subproject...............................................................................1Figure2- 1 Hand-drawn Noodles, Hui Women, Mosque and Fast-Breaking Festival in the Subproject Area...................................................................................................................... 10Figure2- 2 Poverty Incidences by Ethnic Group (%)...............................................................12Figure 3-1 SA Flowchart.........................................................................................................16Figure 3-2 Educational Levels by Gender...............................................................................18

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Abbreviations

EMDP - Ethnic Minority Development PlanFGD - Focus Group DiscussionHD - House DemolitionLA - Land AcquisitionM&E - Monitoring and EvaluationPMO - Project Management OfficeSA - Social Assessment

Units

Currency unit = Yuan (RMB)US$1.00 = RMB6.33

1 hectare = 15 mu

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1. Introduction1.1 Background of the Subproject

The Linxia Subproject of the World Bank-financed Gansu Rural-Urban Integration Infrastructure Project (hereinafter, the “Subproject”) involves the construction or reconstruction of 9 roads, and associated bridges, culverts, drainage, lighting, landscaping, and traffic safety and management facilities, as well as capacity building.

Linxia County is a highly underdeveloped minority area in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, and a state-level key county for poverty reduction. The Subproject has been included in the plan of World Bank-financed alternative projects (2013-2015) by the National Development and Reform Commission, and approved by the State Council. The gross investment in the Subproject is CNY621.5031 million, equivalent to USD100.3833 million①, including a Bank loan of USD50 million (equivalent to CNY309.565 million, 49.81% of gross investment), and local counterpart funds of CNY50.3833 million (equivalent to CNY311.9381 million, 50.19% of gross investment).

The Subproject aims to connect urban and rural areas organically to form a sound road network, disperse urban transit traffic to destinations quickly, mitigate traffic congestion in the county town, improve rural traffic conditions, and promote the economic and social development of Linxia County.

① Based on the prevailing exchange rate of 1: 6.1913

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Figure 1- Location Map of the Subproject

1.2 ComponentsThe Subproject consists of 9 components, including 5 rural roads and 4 urban

roads, which are:(1) Longquan-Dacaotan Class-3 highway reconstruction;(2) Mama Class-3 highway reconstruction;(3) Hangou Class-3 highway reconstruction;(4) Zhangwo Class-4 highway reconstruction(5) Beixiaoyuan-Lianhua Wharf Class-3 highway construction;(6) Binhe Road reconstruction in the county town;(7) Maoniu Road construction;(8) Express Passage-Yinji Town road construction; and(9) Express Passage-Xinji Town road constructionThe 9 roads have a total length of 91.708km, including 4 urban roads with a total

length of 17.078km and 5 rural roads with a total length of 74.63km. See Figure 1-1.

1.3 Objectives of the EMDPThis EMDP is prepared to encourage ethnic minorities to participate in

subproject preparation and implementation, ensure that they benefit from the Subproject, mitigate their poverty, and minimize negative impacts on them. This EMDP outlines the demographic, social and cultural features of the local ethnic minorities, their needs for the Subproject, the Subproject’s impacts on them, and measures to ensure that they benefit equally and mitigate adverse impacts.

1.4 Ethnic Minority Development Objectives of the SubprojectThe direct beneficiary area of the Subproject is 58 villages in 15 townships

(Monigou Xiang, Maji Town, Manisigou Xiang, Diaoqi Xiang, Yinji Town, Anjiapo Xiang, Hexi Xiang, Qiaosi Xiang, Nanyuan Xiang, Lianhua Town, Zhangzigou Xiang, Hanji Town, Hongtai Xiang, Yingtan Xiang and Xinji Town) in Linxia County, and direct beneficiary population is 113,890, in which minority population accounts for 57.46%. The population affected by LA and/or HD for the Subproject is 6,482, in which minority population (3,001) accounts for 46.30%.

The ethnic minority development objectives of the Subproject are: (1) providing all subproject information, conducting adequate consultation, and respecting their needs in ways suited to their traditions and customs; (2) incorporating their needs into the subproject design; and (3) taking measures to minimize the Subproject’s potential negative impacts and social risks on them, and enhance their opportunities to benefit from the Subproject in ways acceptable to them.1.5 Research Methods

In order to prepare this EMDP, the PMO, EMDP preparation team and SA team conducted a series of public participation activities during August 14-22, 2013, including a questionnaire survey (360 copies in total, in which 350 copies are valid, including 157 minority copies, accounting for 44.86%), 45 village-level FGDs with 225 participants (including 45 women and 90 minority people), 27 key informant interviews, 52 in-depth interviews (involving 31 minority people and 21 women), and

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4 stakeholder discussions held.

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2. Overview of Ethnic Minorities in the Subproject Area2.1 Population

2.1.1 Overview of the project area minoritiesThe Subproject will affect 58 administrative villages in 15 townships in Linxia

County directly. At the end of 2012, the subproject area had a population of 113,890, including a Han population of 50,049, accounting for 43.95%; a Hui population of population of 56,532, accounting for 49.64%; a Dongxiang population of 6,498, accounting for 5.7%; a Salar population of 469, accounting for 0.42%, and a population of other ethnic minorities of population of 342, accounting for 0.3%. In the subproject area, minority population accounts for 57.46% of gross population, and this percentage is higher than that of Linxia County (41.74%) by 13.97 percentage points. This also shows that in the subproject area, ethnic minorities are affected more seriously by the Subproject. See Table 2-1 and Appendix 1 for details.

Table2- Population of Linxia Prefecture, Linxia County and Subproject Area by Ethnic Group (0,000 people, %)

Division Population

Han Hui Dongxiang Salar OtherPopulation

Percent

Population

Percent

Population

Percent

Population

Percent

Population

Percent

Linxia Prefecture 215.02 87.49 40.69 69.62 32.38 53.33 24.80 1.19 0.55 2.77 1.28

Linxia County 38.98 22.71 58.26 12.83 32.91 3.12 8.00 0.10 0.26 0.22 0.56

Subproject area 11.39 5.00 43.95 5.65 49.64 0.65 5.7 0.05 0.42 0.03 0.3

Source: Linxia Prefecture Statistical Handbook (2012), National Economic Statistical Bulletin of Linxia County (2012)

2.2.2 Project Impact minority situation(1)Affect the overall situation in the project area minorities. Linxia Hui

Autonomous nine road construction projects, road construction and implementation (Road construction, embankment construction, land acquisition, etc.) total minority population affected villages along the road 63,841 people (56.05%). Hui people are 56532 or 49.64%concentrated living in 23 villages: Qianchuan Village of the Monigou Xiang, Yangwa Village of the Monigou Xiang, Jijia Village of the Monigou Xiang, Hejia Village of the Monigou Xiang, Taita Village of the Monigou Xiang, Dazhuang Village of the Monigou Xiang, Maji Village of the Maji Town, Duomusi Village of the Maji Town, Sizhuang Village of the Manisigou Xiang, Zhonglu Village of the Manisigou Xiang, Tangga Village of the Manisigou Xiang, Zhangjia Village of the Hexi Xiang, Daliang Village of the Qiaosi Xiang, Chenhuang Village of the Nanyuan Xiang, Caojiapo Village of the Zhangzigou Xiang, Wangjiawan Village of the Zhangzigou Xiang, Zhongguang Village of the Zhangzigou Xiang, Mochuan Village of the Hanji Town, Xiaogou Village of the Yingtan Xiang, Wolonggou Village of the Manisigou Xiang, Jianshang Village of the Yinji Town, Yaochuan Village of the Hanji Town, Hanji Village of the Hanji Town.

Dongxiang people are 3673 or56.3%concentrated living in 6 villages.Qiaowo

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Village of the Hexi Xiang, Hejia Village of the Hexi Xiang, Majia Village of the Hexi Xiang, Gazhuang Village of the Hexi Xiang, Dazhuang Village of the Hexi Xiang, Guanba Village of the Zhangzigou Xiang.

In addition, 469 Sala people and 342 people of other nationalities. Project Impact minority situation, Specifically see table in Table 2-2.

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Table2- Breakdown of Directly Affected Minority Population (Units: person, %)

No. VillagePopulati

on

Ethnic minorities Han Hui Dongxiang Salar Other

Population

PercentPopulatio

nPerce

ntPopulation

PercentPopulatio

nPerce

ntPopulati

onPercent

Population

Percent

Mama

highw

ay

Qianchuan Village, Monigou

Xiang2623 2622 99.96 1 0.04 2582 98.44 36 1.37 3 0.11 1 0.04

Yangwa Village, Monigou Xiang 1556 1556 100.00 0 0.00 1531 98.39 20 1.29 3 0.19 2 0.13Jijia Village, Monigou Xiang 1745 1644 94.21 101 5.79 1514 86.76 118 6.76 9 0.52 3 0.17Hejia Village, Monigou Xiang 2388 2388 100.00 0 0.00 2312 96.82 39 1.63 33 1.38 4 0.17Taita Village, Monigou Xiang 2383 2303 96.64 80 3.36 2277 95.55 26 1.09 0 0.00 0 0.00Dazhuang Village, Monigou

Xiang1429 1418 99.23 11 0.77 1287 90.06 120 8.40 11 0.77 0 0.00

Maji Village, Maji Town 1784 1784 100.00 0 0.00 1699 95.24 85 4.76 0 0.00 0 0.00Duomusi Village, Maji Town 2420 2420 100.00 0 0.00 2420 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Guodongshan Village, Manisigou

Xiang2045 957 46.80 1088 53.20 957 46.80 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Sizhuang Village, Manisigou

Xiang2046 1894 92.57 152 7.43 1857 90.76 17 0.83 13 0.64 7 0.34

Zhonglu Village, Manisigou

Xiang1067 1065 99.81 2 0.19 1007 94.38 19 1.78 39 3.66 0 0.00

Tangga Village, Manisigou Xiang 1864 1335 71.62 529 28.38 1263 67.76 24 1.29 42 2.25 6 0.32Longq

uan-

Dacao

tan

Longquan Village, Diaoqi Xiang 2002 346 17.28 1656 82.72 333 16.63 8 0.40 0 0.00 5 0.25Xinxing Village, Yinji Town 2701 86 3.18 2615 96.82 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 86 3.18Datan Village, Yinji Town 1531 55 3.59 1476 96.41 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 55 3.59

Kajiatan Village, Yinji Town 739 25 3.38 714 96.62 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 25 3.38

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No. VillagePopulati

on

Ethnic minorities Han Hui Dongxiang Salar Other

Population

PercentPopulatio

nPerce

ntPopulation

PercentPopulatio

nPerce

ntPopulati

onPercent

Population

Percent

highw

Yinji Village, Yinji Town 3417 1680 49.17 1737 50.83 1680 49.17 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00Xinfa Village, Yinji Town 1602 191 11.92 1411 88.08 161 10.05 0 0.00 0 0.00 30 1.87

Beixiaoyuan-

Lianhua

Wharf highway

Beixiaoyuan Village, Anjiapo

Xiang1600 1600 100.00 1600 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Qiaowo Village, Hexi Xiang 488 488 100.00 0 0.00 201 41.19 277 56.76 0 0.00 10 2.05Hejia Village, Hexi Xiang 1560 1440 92.31 120 7.69 738 47.31 702 45.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Zhangjia Village, Hexi Xiang 659 659 100.00 0 0.00 386 58.57 273 41.43 0 0.00 0 0.00Majia Village, Hexi Xiang 920 920 100.00 0 0.00 19 2.07 901 97.93 0 0.00 0 0.00

Gazhuang Village, Hexi Xiang 621 621 100.00 0 0.00 278 44.77 338 54.43 0 0.00 5 0.81Dazhuang Village, Hexi Xiang 2276 2276 100.00 0 0.00 1073 47.14 1182 51.93 0 0.00 21 0.92

Yangjia Village, Hexi Xiang 452 26 5.75 426 94.25 24 5.31 2 0.44 0 0.00 0 0.00Changjia Village, Hexi Xiang 953 48 5.04 905 94.96 9 0.94 30 3.15 0 0.00 9 0.94

Lijia Village, Hexi Xiang 745 0 0.00 745100.0

00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Tazhang Village, Hexi Xiang 962 11 1.14 951 98.86 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 11 1.14Daliang Village, Qiaosi Xiang 3221 3212 99.72 9 0.28 3212 99.72 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00Chenhuang Village, Nanyuan

Xiang1319 1310 99.32 9 0.68 1310 99.32 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Liancheng Village, Lianhua Town 1594 0 0.00 1594100.0

00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Jiaozhang Village, Lianhua Town 1673 0 0.00 1673 100.00

0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

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No. VillagePopulati

on

Ethnic minorities Han Hui Dongxiang Salar Other

Population

PercentPopulatio

nPerce

ntPopulation

PercentPopulatio

nPerce

ntPopulati

onPercent

Population

Percent

Lujia Village, Lianhua Town 1264 0 0.00 1264100.0

00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Jiajia Village, Lianhua Town 1576 0 0.00 1576100.0

00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Shuguang Village, Lianhua Town 1425 0 0.00 1425100.0

00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Hangou

highway

Caojiapo Village, Zhangzigou

Xiang1462 861 58.89 601 41.11 830 56.77 31 2.12 0 0.00 0 0.00

Wangjiawan Village, Zhangzigou

Xiang1007 923 91.66 84 8.34 856 85.00 51 5.06 16 1.59 0 0.00

Zhongguang Village, Zhangzigou

Xiang1510 938 62.12 572 37.88 902 59.74 36 2.38 0 0.00 0 0.00

Mochuan Village, Hanji Town 2180 2164 99.26 16 0.73 2118 97.18 20 0.92 0 0 26 1.19Sandawan Village, Hongtai

Xiang1333 482 36.16 851 63.84 415 31.13 67 5.03 0 0.00 0 0.00

Longwo Village, Yingtan Xiang 1241 442 35.62 799 64.38 393 31.67 26 2.10 17 1.37 6 0.48Xiaogou Village, Yingtan Xiang 2179 1513 69.44 666 30.56 1324 60.76 126 5.78 40 1.84 23 1.06

Zhangwo

highway

Dasha Village, Zhangzigou

Xiang997 624 62.59 373 37.41 486 48.75 138 13.84 0 0.00 0 0.00

Guanba Village, Zhangzigou

Xiang1271 1241 97.64 30 2.36 461 36.27 777 61.13 3 0.24 0 0.00

Wolonggou Village, Manisigou 312 312 100.00 0 0.00 298 95.51 9 2.88 5 1.60 0 0.00

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No. VillagePopulati

on

Ethnic minorities Han Hui Dongxiang Salar Other

Population

PercentPopulatio

nPerce

ntPopulation

PercentPopulatio

nPerce

ntPopulati

onPercent

Population

Percent

Xiang

Maoniu

Road

Zuitou Village, Yinji Town 2782 1561 56.11 1221 43.89 1470 52.84 91 3.27 0 0.00 0 0.00Yinji Village, Yinji Town 3417 1680 49.17 1737 50.83 1680 49.17 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Maliantan Village, Yinji Town 4022 2161 53.73 1861 46.27 2161 53.73 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00Jianshang Village, Yinji Town 3486 3486 100.00 0 0.00 3323 95.32 163 4.68 0 0.00 0 0.00

Hanzhaojia Village, Yinji Town 2099 682 32.49 1417 67.51 682 32.49 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00Majiuchuan Village, Yinji Town 2008 0 0 2008 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Shuangcheng Village, Hanji

Town2860 1316 46.01 1544 53.99 1250 43.71 35 1.22 24 0.84 7 0.24

Binhe Road

Shuangcheng Village, Hanji

Town2860 1316 46.01 1544 53.99 1250 43.71 35 1.22 24 0.84 7 0.24

Yaochuan Village, Hanji Town 1515 1515 100.00 0 0.00 1490 98.35 25 1.65 0 0.00 0 0.00Mochuan Village, Hanji Town 2180 2164 99.26 16 0.73 2118 97.18 20 0.92 0 0 26 1.19

Hanji Village, Hanji Town 2340 1953 83.46 387 16.54 1923 82.18 30 1.28 0 0.00 0 0.00Hanji Town Government 10243 4456 43.50 5787 56.50 4456 43.50 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Express

Passage -Xinji Town road

Xinji Village, Xinji Town 3473 2431 70.00 1042 30.00 1564 45.03 656 18.89 211 6.08 0 0.00

Gucheng Village, Xinji Town 3112 0 0.00 3112100.0

00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Majiuchuan Village, Yinji Town 2008 0 0.00 2008100.0

00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

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No. VillagePopulati

on

Ethnic minorities Han Hui Dongxiang Salar Other

Population

PercentPopulatio

nPerce

ntPopulation

PercentPopulatio

nPerce

ntPopulati

onPercent

Population

Percent

Express

Passage -Yinji Town road

Xiatang Village, Xinji Town 3808 0 0.00 3808100.0

00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Zuitou Village, Yinji Town 2782 1561 56.11 1221 43.89 1470 52.84 91 3.27 0 0.00 0 0.00

Yinji Village, Yinji Town 3417 1680 49.17 1737 50.83 1680 49.17 0 0 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total 58 113890 65441 57.46 50049 43.95 56532 49.64 6498 5.7 469 0.42 342 0.3

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(2) Project land acquisition, demolition affect minority situation. A minority population of 3,026 will be affected by LA, 112 by HD, and 94 by both LA and HD, totaling 3,044, accounting for 46.78% of the population affected by the Subproject (6,507). In the affected minority population of 3,044, there are 2,029 Hui people, 52 Salar people, 925 Dongxiang people, 5 Bao’an people, 13 Tibetans, and 20 persons of other ethnic minorities. Recovery plan for the affected population of ethnic minorities, see RAP project-oriented special preparation.2.2 Religious Believes and Cultural Overview

1. Hui peopleLinxia is Hui autonomous county with 63841 ethnic minority people (56.05%) in

project areas, Linxia road projects directly affect the Hui people are 56532 or 49.64%concentrated living in 23 villages, Its main ethnic characteristics are as follows:

①Generations and concentrated living here, national costume obvious characteristics. The ancestors of the local Hui people is mainly due to the missionary and commercial activities migrated from central Asia, Hui people are 56532 or 49.64% generations and concentrated living in 23 villages. Their wear characteristic clothes from others, here’s Hui people men wear double-breasted white shirt, Green jacket waistcoat, wearing a white dome cap. Women generally wear "Hijab." They wear characteristic clothes, Characteristic clothes to make them clear distinction between the general Han residents. Ethnic costumes highlight, So that people can tell the difference which is a Hui resident; Hui people clothing also became the national symbol of the residents agree with each other.

In contrast to other ethnic minorities in the project area, Hui people use Chinese, has always had frequent exchanges with the Han culture, and are better educated and better at doing business, so the ideas of active Hui people masses, strong market awareness, social and economic development relatively high level.

②National religious. The Hui people all believe in Islam, 23 project areas inhabited by Hui people for generations villages, 56532 were all believe in Islam. There is one or more mosque in every village inhabited by Hui people, idle men do five times a day need to temple worship, women pray at home. The mosque is not only a religious place, but also but also important places for information communication and social affairs discussion.

③The Hui people’s customary cultural and economic are separate from those of the dominant society and culture. For example, The Hui people usually get married within the ethnic group, and may also intermarry with Tibetans believing in Islam. If anyone of another ethnic group is to be married, that one must profess a belief in Islam, and accept the etiquette and customs of the Hui people. Hui women usually get married very early, mostly in 16-19 years. The division of household labor after marriage is mainly that “men are in charge of external affairs, and women internal affairs”, and the wife is subject to her husband. The local Hui people advocate commerce and have had the traditional of doing business in other places from ancient times. In recent years, Hui people from Linxia County have run hand-drawn noodles restaurants nationwide, “hand-drawn noodles” economy income for about 50% of local rural household income, about 1/4 of laborers in the subproject area do this, giving rise to what is called the “hand-drawn noodles” economy.

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④ Ethnic languages. The Hui people in Linxia County have their own language, Part of the Hui people (20%) can speak of the ethnic and religious language – Arabic. Imams can speak Arabic – the religious language of their own ethnic group.

⑤Unique festivals and architectural style. The Hui people believe in Islam. The Hui people celebrate the 3 major Islamic festivals – Fast-Breaking Festival, Corban Festival and Maulid al-Nabi.

The Hui people live in a centralized manner. Their houses are mainly flat-topped buildings in a courtyard structure, where they would grow flowers, trees and vegetables in the courtyard. The eaves are engraved with exquisite patterns of flowers and grasses, and there is a main hall among the main rooms, with bedrooms protruding on both sides. The rooms are often provided with new-style furniture, and the walls are mostly decorated with the Arabic calligraphies or landscape screens.

⑥Crop cultivation. Agricultural is crucial to the Hui people, who are good at adjusting crop structure oriented to the market. Relatively, the Hui people are more skilled in the cultivation of vegetables, fruit and melons.

2. Dongxiang people①Generations and concentrated living here.The Dongxiang people is half of the

14th century by the fusion of many people live in Dongxiang components made of different nationalities. They originated mainly from ancient Semu and Mongolians believing in Islam. Dongxiang people are 3673 or56.3%concentrated living in 6 villages.

②Religion. The Dongxiang and Hui people in Linxia County have the same religious belief and have lived together for a long time; there is almost no difference between them in terms of living customs, diet and architecture. But with neighboring Han and other ethnic groups in the mainstream are obviously different.

③ Language. The Dongxiang people have no written language, but part of them (15%) can speak their own language today, the spoken Dongxiang language exists in oral forms. Rely on word of mouth the way heritage.

3. Fusion among Ethnic GroupsMeanwhile, the project area there is some Salar people, The Salar people in

Linxia County also believe in Islam. Different from the Hui people and Dongxiang people, the Salar people have no their own concentrated living place or language or written language. The local Salar and Hui people share mosques. Since the Salar and Hui people in Linxia County have the same religious belief and have lived together for a long time, there is almost no difference between them in terms of living customs, diet and architecture.

The Hui, Dongxiang and Salar people in the subproject area all believe in Islam, intermarry, share mosques, participate in religious activities together, help each other and live in harmony. They show almost no difference in terms of diet, wedding, funeral and other customs.

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Figure2- Hand-drawn Noodles, Hui Women, Mosque and Fast-Breaking Festival in the Subproject Area

In sum, impact of the proposed project area, emphasis on the area inhabited by minority nationalities Linxia County, affected by this project minority population is large, concentrated living, has unique national cultural identity (language, religion, dress, economic, etc.),Greater impact on minorities,Especially for the Hui, Dongxiang. The in-depth investigation and identification by SA group, SA panel considered that the Hui, Dongxiang meet World Bank OP4.10 principles. In order to protect the lawful rights and interests of minority population, and promote their restoration and development, an ethnic minority development plan has been prepared in accordance with the Bank’s operational policy OP4.10.

2.3 Socioeconomic Profile2.3.1 EconomyThe townships in the subproject area deal with agriculture mainly. In the

subproject area, the farmers’ per capita net income of Monigou Xiang, Maji Town, Manisigou Xiang, Diaoqi Xiang, Yinji Town, Anjiapo Xiang, Hexi Xiang, Qiaosi Xiang, Nanyuan Xiang, Lianhua Town, Zhangzigou Xiang, Hanji Town, Hongtai Xiang and Yingtan Xiang is 2,351 yuan, 2,871 yuan, 2,381 yuan, 2,898 yuan, 3,247 yuan, 3,770 yuan, 3,585 yuan, 3,732 yuan, 3,350 yuan, 3,850 yuan, 2,280 yuan, 2,905 yuan, 2,410 yuan and 2,957 yuan respectively, all lower than the concurrent averages of Gansu Province and China. See Table 2-3.

It can be seen that the economic and social development level of Linxia County is still low, and the townships vary greatly in economic level. Strengthening road construction in Linxia County will facilitate the outward transport of farm and sideline products, and attract more tourists to promote the county’s economic development.

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Table2- Economic Indicators of Gansu Province, Linxia Prefecture, Linxia County and Townships in the Subproject Area

DivisionRatio of primary, secondary

and tertiary industriesPer capita

GDPFarmers’ per

capita net incomeChina 10.10:45.30:44.60 38363.52 7917

Gansu Province 13.80:46.00:40.20 21920.82 4506.7

Linxia Prefecture 21.13:35.70:48.30 7064 3167

Linxia County 26.77:15.55:57.68 5740 3165

Subproject area / / /

Monigou Xiang / / 2351

Maji Town / / 2871

Manisigou Xiang / / 2381

Diaoqi Xiang / / 2898

Yinji Town / / 3247

Anjiapo Xiang / / 3770

Hexi Xiang / / 3585

Qiaosi Xiang / / 3732

Nanyuan Xiang / / 3350

Lianhua Town / / 3850

Zhangzigou Xiang / / 2280

Hongtai Xiang / / 2905

Yingtan Xiang / / 2410

Xinji Town / / 2957

Source: National Economic Statistical Bulletin of Gansu Province (2012); Linxia Prefecture Statistical Handbook (2012); National Economic Statistical Bulletin of Linxia County (2012)

2.3.2 EducationIn the subproject area, preschool education is almost absent, and minority

people pay little attention to the education of children, especially girls. This is partly attributed to Islamic restrictions, and the backward educational infrastructure and insufficient teaching staff in the subproject area. See Table 2-4.

Table2- Educational Levels of Gansu Province, Linxia Prefecture, Linxia County and Subproject Area (%)

Division Illiterate Primary schoolJunior high

schoolSenior high

school or aboveChina 4.08 27.57 41.41 26.94

Linxia County 4.74 56.82 26.2 12.24

Subproject area 6.3 51.4 28 14.3

Note: Statistical Yearbook 2012 of China; National Economic Statistical Bulletin of Linxia County (2012); and socioeconomic survey

On the other hand, the SA survey shows that the overall educational level of the local Han people is better than that of minority people, especially in terms of the

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percentage of senior high school or above education. There is little difference in overall educational level among the ethnic minorities. See Table 2-5.

Table2- Educational Levels by Ethnic Group (%)

Source: socioeconomic survey results

2.3.3 PovertyThe poverty incidence of the Hui people in the subproject area differs slightly

from that of Han people, being 45.18% and 46.44% respectively. See Figure 2-1.The main causes of poverty of the local minority population are: ①harsh natural

conditions and fragile ecological environment; ②inability of surplus rural labor to shift to nonagricultural sectors; ③poor infrastructure, especially traffic infrastructure, restricting the outward transport of farm and sideline products, and information and cultural communications with the outside; and ④backward education and conservative thoughts.

Figure2- Poverty Incidences by Ethnic Group (%)

2.3.4 Traffic ModesTraffic conditions would affect people’s traffic modes. The socioeconomic survey

shows that among the Hui sample households, the top 3 traffic modes are motorcycle (50.8%), bus (17.1%) and walk (16.1%), as is the same for the Dongxiang sample households (see Table 2-6).

It is learned that less than 30% of local residents take buses, mainly because the existing local bus routes are fixed ones between townships and the county town, there are few bus routes among townships, waiting times are long, and bus fares are high. For this reason, local residents mostly choose to travel by motorcycle, bicycle or walk, and the percentage of those traveling by motorcycle is very high.

Ethnic group Illiterate Primary school

Junior high school

Senior high school or above

Han 5.1 48.9 21.7 23.4Hui 7.3 56.2 25.1 11.4

Dongxiang 8.9 53.4 29.6 8.1Salar 33.3 33.3 33.3 0

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Table2- Traffic Modes by Ethnic Group (%)Ethnic group Motorcycle Bus Walk Bicycle Electric cart Private car Taxi

Hui 50.8 17.1 16.1 6.5 5.0 4.5 0

Dongxiang 42.6 25.8 19.2 7.7 4.7 0 0

Source: socioeconomic survey

2.4 Prevailing Ethnic Minority Policy FrameworkThis EMDP has been prepared in accordance with the state laws and

regulations, and provincial regulations on ethnic minorities, and the Bank’s policies on Indigenous Peoples (OP4.10 and BP4.10) and involuntary resettlement (OP4.12 and BP4.12). See Appendix 2 for details.

The Bank’s policy on Indigenous Peoples aims to ensure that the development process fully respects the dignity, human rights, economies, and cultures of Indigenous Peoples.

(1) The Bank recognizes that the identities and cultures of Indigenous Peoples are inextricably linked to the lands on which they live and the natural resources on which they depend. These distinct circumstances expose Indigenous Peoples to different types of risks and levels of impacts from development projects, including loss of identity, culture, and customary livelihoods, as well as exposure to disease. Gender and intergenerational issues among Indigenous Peoples also are complex. As social groups with identities that are often distinct from dominant groups in their national societies, Indigenous Peoples are frequently among the most marginalized and vulnerable segments of the population. As a result, their economic, social, and legal status often limits their capacity to defend their interests in and rights to lands, territories, and other productive resources, and/or restricts their ability to participate in and benefit from development. At the same time, the Bank recognizes that Indigenous Peoples play a vital role in sustainable development and that their rights are increasingly being addressed under both domestic and international law.

(2) Bank-financed projects include measures to (a) avoid potentially adverse effects on the Indigenous Peoples’ communities; or (b) when avoidance is not feasible, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for such effects. Bank-financed projects are also designed to ensure that the Indigenous Peoples receive social and economic benefits that are culturally appropriate and gender and inter-generationally inclusive.

(3) When a project affects Indigenous Peoples, the TT assists the borrower in carrying out free, prior, and informed consultation with affected communities about the proposed project throughout the project cycle. At all stages of the project, the parties consulted have prior access to information on the intent and scope of the proposed project in a culturally appropriate manner. It shall also be determined that if the affected communities give broad support to the project based on the SA and consultation process.

(4) The EMDP should be flexible and practical, and include the following: legal and institutional framework suited to ethnic minorities; information on demographic, social, cultural and political features of affected communities, ancestral territories owned, used or occupied by them, and natural resources on which they live; a summary of SA; a summary of free, prior, and informed consultation results in

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affected communities at the preparation stage, which has gained broad community support for the project; a framework for ensuring free, prior, and informed consultation with affected communities during project implementation; an action plan for ensuring that ethnic minorities receive culturally appropriate social and economic interests; after potential negative impacts on ethnic minorities have been determined, an appropriate action plan that avoids, minimizes or mitigates, or compensate for such impacts; the financial budget and financing plan for the EMDP; a procedure for addressing appeals from minority communities arising from project implementation; and an M&E and reporting mechanism, and indicator system suitable for the implementation of the EMDP.

The state policies and regulations on ethnic minorities are consistent with the Bank’s policies on indigenous peoples, namely fully respecting the dignity, human rights, economies, and cultures of ethnic minorities, laying stress on their equality and development, and giving special concern for their economic, social and cultural programs to protect their rights and interests, and improve their social and economic status.

Both state and Bank policies attach importance to the public participation and consultation, and action planning of minority communities. At the preparation, implementation and M&E stages, all project information will be provided to ethnic minorities in a culturally appropriate manner, their opinions, attitudes and expectations collected actively to win their extensive support, and potential negative impacts on them avoided, minimized or mitigated. This requires that special attention be paid to women, the poor and other vulnerable groups so that they can benefit from the project.

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3. Overview of Social AssessmentThe Subproject aims to promote urban and rural integration, accelerate new

countryside building and the construction of rural infrastructure, improve people’s living standard, expand the coverage of the urban infrastructure and public services, and build Linxia Prefecture into a production base of halal food and ethnic necessities, and a Tibetan-style tourist attraction.3.1 Purpose, Methods and Process of SA

3.1.1 Purpose of SAThe SA aims to learn the expectations and needs of the groups affecting or

affected by the Subproject through in-depth, systematic research, and develop a series of measures at the design and implementation stages to ensure the extensive participation of stakeholders (especially the poor, ethnic minorities and women), enhance their opportunities to benefit from the Subproject, and avoid or mitigate the Subproject’s adverse impacts.

3.1.2 Methods of SAThe main methods of SA are as follows:1. Literature review: Learning the socioeconomic profile of the subproject

area by referring to the proposal, feasibility study report, statistical yearbooks and reports, national economic development plans, and work summaries of departments concerned

2. Questionnaire survey: The directly affected area includes 58 villages in 15 townships of Linxia County, and the questionnaire survey was conducted in 18 villages, with 360 copies distributed and 350 valid copies recovered, with a recovery rate of 97.2%. The survey was designed to learn traffic modes of residents (including women, and residents of different economic levels and ethnic groups), their comments on the local traffic infrastructure, suggestions on traffic improvement, and needs for the Subproject.

3. FGD: During the field survey, FGDs were held with heads and staff members of 18 agencies, including the Linxia PMO, poverty reduction office, ethnic and religious affairs bureau, county women’s federation, transport bureau, etc., collecting baseline data related to the Subproject. The SA team held 27 FGDs with ordinary residents (not less than 30% being women), old people, and vulnerable groups (mainly including ethnic minorities, the poor, MLS households and the disabled) to learn the Subproject’s impacts on them, and their attitudes to and suggestions on traffic conditions, management and safety in detail.

4. In-depth interview: 52 in-depth interviews were conducted in the subproject area, including 30 minority people (57.69%) and 23 women (44.23%) to learn local residents’ production and living conditions, the Subproject’s impacts on them, and their attitudes to the Subproject.

5. Key informant interview: 28 key informant interviews were conducted with heads of township governments, village committees, county women’s federation, ethnic and religious affairs bureau, civil affairs bureau, labor and social security bureau, education bureau, transport bureau, agriculture bureau, etc. to learn their comments and suggestions on the Subproject.

6. Participatory observation: Through the participatory observation of the

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affected villages, the local economic, social, cultural and ecological conditions, the traffic behavior and patterns of local residents, and the Subproject’s possible impacts can be further learned, thereby providing an objective basis for optimizing the subproject design.

3.1.3 SA ProcessThe SA process of the Subproject consists of the preliminary preparation,

fieldwork, data analysis, and report preparation and revision stages, as shown in Figure 3-1.

Figure 3- SA Flowchart

3.2 Impacts of the Subproject on Ethnic MinoritiesThe SA team has analyzed the Subproject’s positive and negative impacts on

Understanding the project

Referring to local economic, social and demographic dataPreliminar

y preparatio

n

Fieldwork

Data analysis

Discussing with the PMO to further understand the project and identify the project area

Investigating the project route, identifying survey sites, and adjusting the survey plan

Discussing project impacts with township officials, and identifying villages (communities) to be surveyed

Holding FGDs in villages (communities), and conducting interviews and questionnaire survey

Conducting a special survey on AHs, stores, enterprises, etc.

Report preparatio

n

Preparing terms of reference (Qr, outline), and SA handbook

Organizing and training staff

Interviewing truck/coach company and government staff

Questionnaire entry and data analysis

Entering and classifying interview and FGD data

Compiling relevant documents and policies

Report revision

Holding a discussion meeting with stakeholders to finalize the SA report

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local minority residents both qualitatively and quantitatively by means of questionnaire survey, interview, FGD and stakeholder discussion.

3.2.1 Positive Impacts1. The Subproject will help improve the traffic infrastructure construction of

Linxia County, save traffic times and costs for minority residents, and make them go shopping, see a doctor, go to school and participate in social activities very easily.

2. Reduce the incidence of traffic accidents and improve the traffic safety of minority residents. The questionnaire survey shows that 57% of minority residents choose motorcycle as their first traffic mode. It is learned from the county traffic police brigade that about 80% of traffic accidents in Linxia County are caused by motorcycles. The Subproject will reduce traffic accidents by improving pavement conditions, and providing traffic safety warning signs, deceleration strips, etc.

3. Improve the traffic and living environment. Pavement hardening will reduce dust pollution, and the provision of alley trees will reduce dust and noise pollution effectively. Together with road cleaning, this will improve the traffic and living environment of minority residents greatly, thereby improving their quality of life.

4. The Subproject will generate some unskilled jobs and increase the income of local residents, such as building material haulage and cooking; at the operation stage, local minority residents may do such jobs as road maintenance, landscaping and cleaning.

5. The Subproject will facilitate the outward transport of farm and industrial products, increase purchase prices of farm products, and reduce transport costs of local enterprises, thereby increasing the agricultural and employment income of minority residents.

6. After the completion of the Subproject, minority residents will enjoy more smooth connections with the outside, and minority women will have more nonagricultural job opportunities and higher social status.

3.2.2 Potential Risks1. Dust, noise and waste generated during construction will affect the local

environment and result in traffic inconvenience temporarily for minority residents. Construction vehicles, solid waste and wastewater may threaten the personal safety of local minority residents especially old people, children and pregnant women.

2. Some minority residents will be affected by LA and/or HD in the Subproject, and faced with such social risks as loss of land or home, unemployment, marginalization and social organization disintegration. Too low compensation rates, untimely and non-transparent disbursement of compensation fees, and irrational resettlement modes may result in dissatisfaction by minority residents, thereby affecting the successful implementation of the Subproject.

The infrastructure and ground attachments affected by the Subproject mainly include 156 telegraph poles, 3697 fruit trees, 14390timber trees, 38tombs, etc. All the 6 collective tombs are Hui tombs, and all the 32 personal tombs are Han tombs. Details are as follows:

1) Among the tombs affected by the Mama highway component, two are in Dongshan Village (personal) and one in Zhonglu Village (collective); 2) Among the tombs affected by the Beixiaoyuan-Lianhua Wharf highway component, one is in

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Zhangjia Village, one in Majia Village, one in Gazhuang Village and one in Hejia Village, all being collective tombs; 3) All tombs affected by the Express Passage-Xinji Town road component are personal tombs, all located in Gucheng Village, Xinji Town.

Trees, tombs and other ground attachments affected by the Subproject will be compensated for at replacement cost. There are 38 tombs in the subproject area, mostly in Gucheng Village, Xinji Town (30), with the remaining in Manisigou and Hexi Xiangs. Due to permanent LA, these tombs will be relocated. Collective tombs (Hui people) will be relocated under the unified leadership of village mosques and in strict conformity with Islamic customs; personal tombs (Han people) will be relocated by Han households to contracted woodland. See the Environmental Impact Assessment Report of the Subproject for details of tomb relocation.

3. During and after construction, construction and migrant workers of different ethnic groups will come to Linxia County. Since their dietary and living customs may differ greatly from the local ethnic minorities, conflicts may arise.

4. There are 12 mosques close to the subproject roads. During construction, religious activities of minority residents will be affected to some extent, especially noise pollution.

5. Needs of minority women are likely to be neglected, because minority women rarely participate in public affairs.

3.3 Social Gender and Development3.3.1 Local Women’s Development1. EducationThe questionnaire survey shows that the overall educational level of local women

is lower than that of men. Among the samples, illiterate women account for 8.9%, higher than men by 4.8 percentage points; women having received primary school education account for 52.8% higher than men by 8.6 percentage points; women having received junior high school education account for 26.1%, lower than men by 3.4 percentage points; and women having received junior high school education account for 12.2%, lower than men by 10 percentage points (see Figure 3-2).

Figure 3- Educational Levels by Gender

2. Division of LaborThe questionnaire survey on 157 local women shows that local women do farm

work mainly, accounting for 56.7%, and only 24.3% are employed in nonagricultural sectors, in which those dealing with individual operations account for 13.4%.

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Although some women do some seasonal jobs, most minority women do almost all farm work and housework at home, and have a heavy labor burden.

3. Participation in Public AffairsIn the subproject area, women’s social status and overall educational level are

lower than those of men, and their ability to participate in public affairs is limited. In particular, Hui, Dongxiang and other minority women are preventing by traditional customs and religious taboos from participating in religious and public affairs. However, in recent years, through active efforts of the government, women’s federations and public welfare organizations (or international organizations), local women have more opportunities to participate in public affairs, and enjoy public services and supporting policies.

3.3.2 Impacts of the Subproject on WomenThe positive impacts and potential risks of the Subproject on local women

include:1. Providing a safe traffic environment: The improvement of pavement quality

and road infrastructure, can further ensure the traffic safety of women and enrich their leisure life.

2. Improving urban and rural public traffic, and reducing traffic costs: With the improvement of pavement quality, fuel and maintenance costs of urban and rural buses will be reduced, so that fares may be reduced to relieve the financial burden of old women, because bus is their preferred traffic mode for long-distance travel. With better pavements, buses will drive more steadily, providing greater riding comfort to old women. Traffic infrastructure improvement will reduce safety risks, and protect the personal and property safety of local residents.

3. Providing nonagricultural jobs to women and increasing their income: Some temporary jobs will be generated during construction, such as pavement laying and cooking, and will be first made available to young adult women and the poor to increase their income.

4. Ignorance of needs: Although women’s needs and suggestions have been collected at the design stage, their needs will be inevitably neglected during subproject implementation, operation and management due to the lack of social gender sensitivity and the low status of local women (especially minority women), thereby weakening the expected benefits for women. The inadequacy of streetlamps affects both overnight traffic and women’s evening activities.

5. Reduced women’s agricultural income due to LA: Local women mostly stay and do most of farm work. After LA, cultivated area will be reduced, thereby reducing crop output and agricultural income.

6. Different pay for equal work: Although some unskilled jobs will be available to local residents, different pay for equal work is prevalent when female labor is used for construction.

3.4 Key Suggestions from SAThe main conclusions and suggestions from the SA are as follows:1. Local residents’ comments on, needs for and suggestions on local traffic

conditions are consistent with the issues to be addressed by the Subproject. The priorities of the Subproject, especially road construction and expansion, and public

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traffic services, have been included in the local traffic development plan.2. Before the beginning of the SA, most local residents have acquired

information on the Subproject by various means. In addition, local rural officials and religious workers are willing to give publicity on the Subproject among residents, and solve possible issues arising from implementation. Most local residents are fully aware of and recognize the Subproject’s positive impacts, and support it strongly.

3. The main negative impacts of the Subproject include LA and HD, impacts on minority customs and local traffic, dust and noise pollution, safety risks during construction, etc.

4. The main positive impacts of the Subproject include improving the traffic environment, relieving traffic congestion, increasing the availability of bus service, improving traffic safety, strengthening people’s safety awareness through training and education, generating more job opportunities, facilitating religious activities, etc.

5. Suggestions concerning ethnic minorities: Construction workers should respect local minority customs; attention should be paid to residential areas and mosques during construction; road and construction signs should use simple and explicit symbols where possible, etc.

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4. Public Participation and Consultation4.1 Early-stage Participation Process

Since September 2012, the Linxia PMO has conducted a series of socioeconomic survey and public consultation activities. At the preparation stage, the feasibility study report, RAP, EMDP, SA Report and EIA preparation agencies disclosed information on the Subproject, and conducted prior, free and informed public participation and consultation at minority communities.

This EMDP has been prepared on the basis of the questionnaire survey, FGDs, key informant interviews, stakeholder discussions, and other public participation activities. See Appendix 3.

(1) Information disclosure: 1) In September 2012, the Linxia PMO communicated with residents of minority communities on the Subproject and disclosed information to them; 2) In March 2013, Gansu Satellite TV broadcast a program on the Subproject; 3) In August-September 2013, the PMO sent letters of subproject information to the township governments and village committees to solicit their comments; and 4) On September 13, 2013, the public was invited to participate in the environmental impact assessment.

(2) Field investigation: In September 2012, and from March to September 2013, the Bank mission, and feasibility study report, RAP, SA Report and EIA preparation agencies conducted a number of field investigations in the subproject area, and communicated with local officials and residents.

(3) Socioeconomic survey: During March 22-23, 2013, the PMO conducted a socioeconomic survey in the subproject area to learn comments on current traffic conditions from residents (including women, and residents of different economic levels and ethnic groups), and learn their attitudes to and needs for the Subproject. 226 valid copies were recovered, including 135 minority copies (59.73%), 91 Han copies (40.27%) and 49 copies from religious workers (21.68%).

During August 14-22, 2013, the SA team conducted a socioeconomic survey in 18 administrative villages in 13 townships to learn traffic modes of residents (including women, and residents of different economic levels and ethnic groups), their comments on the local traffic infrastructure, suggestions on traffic improvement, and needs for the Subproject. 350 valid copies were recovered, including 157 minority copies (44.86%) and 193 Han copies (55.14%).

(4) FGD: During August 14-22, 2013, 27 FGDs were held, with 205 attendees in total, including 66 women (32.19%) and 124 minority people (60.49%), to learn local residents’ expectations and needs for, and suggestions on the Subproject.

(5) In-depth interview: During August 14-22, 2013, 52 in-depth interviews were conducted with 52 persons in the subproject area, including township officials, teachers, retirees, religious workers, farmers, storeowners, employees, housewives and bus drivers, including 30 minority people (57.69%) and 23 women (44.23%) to learn local residents’ production and living conditions, the Subproject’s impacts on them, and their attitudes to the Subproject.

(6) Key informant interview: During March 22-23 and August 14-22, 2013 at the preparation stage, the PMO, EMDP preparation agency, socioeconomic survey and Bank consultants conducted 28 key informant interviews with heads of township

24

governments, village committees, county women’s federation, ethnic and religious affairs bureau, civil affairs bureau, labor and social security bureau, education bureau, transport bureau, agriculture bureau, etc. to learn the development of local ethnic minorities and women, relevant policies and ongoing projects, and suggestions on the Subproject.

4.2 Outcomes of Community ParticipationAt the preparation stage, the PMO conducted prior, free and informed public

participation and consultation at minority communities together with the RAP, EMDP, SA Report and EIA preparation agencies to fully learn local residents’ attitudes to, needs for and suggestions on the Subproject, communicated with the county ethnic and religious affairs bureau, women’s federation, civil affairs bureau, agriculture and stockbreeding bureau, education bureau, township governments and village committees, and solicited comments from religious workers in order to incorporate needs and suggestions of minority population into the subproject design.

The above community participation activities aim to minimize potential negative impacts on and risks for minority population, and enable them to benefit from the Subproject in ways acceptable to them. See Appendix 4.

4.3 Participation Plan for the Implementation StageIn order to maximize the Subproject’s economic and social benefits for local

minority residents, and avoid potential risks, it is necessary to take necessary measures at the construction and operation stages to ensure the adequate informed participation of affected minority residents.

1. During construction, any issue concerning immediate interests of residents of minority communities must be notified to them through community planning teams and/or village committees to obtain their prior consent.

2. Any objection raised by minority residents should be treated seriously by the PMO and construction agency, and the influence of village committees, community volunteer service teams, elders and clans utilized for persuasion and explanation to avoid confrontation or even conflict.

3. Free, prior, and informed consultation must be conducted in villages/communities in leisure time for the convenience of participation by residents. See Appendix 5.

4.4 Grievance Redress MechanismDuring the preparation and implementation of the EMDP, a grievance redress

mechanism should be established and applied when minority residents feel dissatisfied with the Subproject or resettlement, or when they think that they are treated unreasonably or unfairly during implementation.

Since the EMDP is implemented with the participation of local minority population, no substantial dispute will arise. However, to ensure that local minority population has a channel to file an appeal on any issue concerning EMDP implementation, a four-stage grievance redress mechanism has been established during the preparation and implementation of the EMDP:

Stage 1: If any minority person is dissatisfied with EMDP implementation, he/she

25

can file an oral or written appeal to the village committee or implementing agency orally or in writing. In case of an oral appeal, the village committee or implementing agency shall handle such appeal and keep written records. Such appeal should be solved within two weeks.

Stage 2: If the appellant is dissatisfied with the disposition of Stage 1, he/she may file an appeal to the town management agency after receiving such disposition, which shall make a disposition within two weeks.

Stage 3: If the appellant is still dissatisfied with the disposition of Stage 2, he/she may escalate the appeal to the competent administrative authorities in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Law of the PRC after receiving such disposition for arbitration.

Stage 4: If the appellant is still dissatisfied with the governmental judgment, he/she may file a suit in a civil court in accordance with the Civil Procedure Law of the PRC after receiving such judgment.

Local minority population may file an appeal about any aspect of the implementation of the Subproject and EMDP. The above appeal channel will be notified to local minority population at a meeting or otherwise, so that local minority population is fully aware of their right of appeal. Mass media will be utilized for publicity, and opinions and advice about EMDP implementation will be compiled into messages for study and disposition by the subproject management agencies. All agencies will accept grievances and appeals from local minority population for free, and costs so reasonably incurred will be disbursed from contingency costs. The telephone numbers and addresses of the staff members handling minority grievances will be disclosed.

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5. Action Plan5.1 Measures to Protect Ethnic Minorities’ Interests

The Subproject will promote the county’s economic and social development, and create a convenient and safe traffic environment for local residents by improving the urban rural traffic infrastructure and services, and traffic management level, but also pose potential risks to minority residents. Measures to enhance positive benefits and evade potential risks are proposed here:

(1) Conducting education and training in various forms to improve population quality

Training should be conducted in various forms during subproject implementation to enhance their ability to participate in the Subproject and increase their opportunities to benefit from the Subproject, including: ①Give training on traffic safety knowledge to improve the traffic safety awareness of local minority residents and reduce the incidence of traffic accidents; ②Giving skills training to minority residents to increase their income, including hand-drawn noodles, crop cultivation and stockbreeding.

(2) Allocating job opportunities rationally to improve minority residents’ income level

About 900 unskilled jobs will be generated at the implementation and operation stages, which will be first made available to local residents, and should be allocated on the following principles: ①Such jobs should be first made available to those affected by LA and/or; and ②At least 40% of unskilled jobs should be first made available to vulnerable groups, including minority residents, women and the poor. In addition, local women will be encouraged to deal with tertiary services (hairdressing, catering, etc.) to increase income.

(3) Promoting the development of minority communities through other local development projects and initiatives

①Improve the local traffic infrastructure and the environment of local minority communities, such as drainage facilities; ②Give priority to local minority communities in local ethnic minority development projects, such as developing tourism for Hui and Salar civil residences close to the Liujiaxia Reservoir, and giving minority handicrafts training to increase income; ③Reduce or exempt bus fares and waste disposal charges for minority MLS population.

(4) Reducing LA and HD risks, and implementing livelihood and income restoration programs

In the Subproject, local minority residents will be affected by LA and/or HD to some extent. Measures should be taken to ensure that the living standard of these affected persons is not reduced. In particular, 38 minority tombs will be relocated. These tombs should be relocated in conformity with minority customs. ①LA, HD and tomb relocation should be minimized during the design and implementation of the Subproject, full compensation granted to the affected persons, and resettlement programs developed in consultation with the affected minority residents, and in consideration of their living, religious and architectural customs; ②Develop income and livelihood restoration measures in consultation with the affected population, and in conjunction with local skills training activities; compensate for permanently

27

acquired and temporarily occupied land, and provide special assistance to vulnerable groups.

(5) Protecting local minority residents from construction①Construction workers should respect local minority customs to avoid conflicts;

②Conduct construction in stages to reduce traffic impacts, and take noise and dust reduction measures to avoid pollution; collect and transfer domestic waste timely; provide non-horning signs in nearby residential areas or villages, and avoid overnight construction where possible. ③There are 12 mosques close to the subproject roads. During construction, religious activities of minority residents will be affected to some extent, especially noise pollution.

(6) Ensuring personal safety through publicityThe construction agency should strengthen personal safety education for

workers, and cover insurance for them. Suggestions on construction safety: ①Conduct enclosed construction where possible and post safety signs; ②Strengthen traffic safety awareness education, especially for mothers and students.

(7) Promoting the participation of minority womenPromoting the participation of minority women at all stages of the Subproject is

an important means of giving play to the Subproject’s benefits. Listen to minority women’s needs and suggestions at the design stage. 40% of unskilled jobs at the construction and operation stages are first made available to minority women and other vulnerable groups, and it should be ensured that men and women receive equal pay for equal work, and the provisions on remuneration and personal safety in the Labor Law are complied with. Women should have the same right to sign to receive compensation fees.

The EMDP preparation team has prepared the Ethnic Minority Development Action Plan in consultation with ethnic minorities and stakeholders (see Table 5-3).

5.2 Implementing Agency and Schedule5.2.1 Implementing Agency and Capacity Building(1) Implementing agency: On October 15, 2012, LCG and the Linxia County

Organizational Setup Committee approved the establishment of the Linxia PMO to prepare for the Subproject. The powerful implementation organization ensures the fulfillment of the objectives of the Subproject and the participation of ethnic minorities.

Table 5- Key Persons Responsible of the PMO and Contact InformationAgency Name Title Tel

Linxia PMO Ma Yunlong Director 13993091886

Linxia PMO Han Zhiguo Deputy Director 18909301655

Linxia PMO Ma Shijun Deputy Director 13519003878

Linxia PMO Sun Weilin Deputy Director 13909305636

Linxia PMO Ma Yan General Administration Dept. 18293005784

Linxia PMO Qi Yinghong General Administration Dept. 13884008829

Linxia PMO Zhang Haixia Technical Service Dept. 15352253000

Linxia PMO Ma Hongbo Engineering Quality Dept. 13909303223

Linxia PMO Tang Weihong Finance Dept. 13993008007

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Linxia PMO Lu Hongxi Land Approval and Environmental Dept. 13993075260

Linxia PMO Lu Xuyang Land Approval and Environmental Dept. 13659301716

Linxia PMO Xu Fengxian Social Assessment Dept. 13993067087

Linxia PMO Wang Jianzhong Procurement Dept. 13993038310

(2) Capacity building of implementing agency: In order to facilitate subproject implementation and improve the capacity of the implementing agency, 28 men-times have attended 12 training sessions from 2012 to date, covering project management, circular economy, industrial restructuring, report preparation, etc.

During implementation, the PMO will conduct a series of training on subproject management, operation and EMDP M&E, including state regulations, Bank policies, public participation, EMDP management and reporting, M&E, grievance redress, etc.

5.2.2 Implementation ScheduleThe implementation schedule of the EMDP has been drafted (see Table 5-2),

and may be adjusted based on implementation progress. The main stages are as follows:

(1) Preparation stage: subproject information disclosure, identification of impacts on minority population, minority attitude survey, EMDP preparation and consultation, distribution of the EMDP information booklet, etc.

(2) Implementation stage: Minority monitoring will be conducted, including internal and external monitoring, where internal monitoring will be performed by the PMO semiannually, and external monitoring will be performed annually by an independent agency until subproject completion. EMDP monitoring reports will be prepared.

(3) Half a year after implementation: An EMDP summary report will be submitted to the Bank.

Table 5- Implementation ScheduleStage Activity Time frame

Preparation

Information disclosure Jun. – Jul. 2013

Identifying the Subproject’s impacts on minority population

Aug. 2013

Public participation of minority population Whole process

Survey on attitudes of minority population Aug. 2013

Preparing the EMDP and soliciting comments from minority population

Aug. – Nov. 2013

EMDP disclosure Jan. 2014

EMDP approval Feb. 2014

EMDP information booklet Feb. 2014

Implementation M&E

Submitting the M&E report (No.1) during May-July 2014 (including baseline

survey), and an M&E report semiannually during implementation (2014-2018)

Within half a year after implementation

SummarySubmitting an ethnic minority development

summary report

29

5.3 Financial BudgetSince over half of the beneficiary population of the Subproject is minority

population, measures to mitigate negative impacts on them and promote benefits for them in a culturally appropriate manner have been incorporated into the feasibility study report. The budget for EMDP implementation is mainly from the subproject budget (including RAP and EIA budgets, etc.), government finance, special funds of government departments concerned, and publicly raised funds. See Table 5-3 for the detailed budget and action plan.

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Table 5- Ethnic Minority Development Action PlanItem Target population Implemented by

Stage

Actions Funding source Monitoring indicator

1. Conducting education and training in various forms to improve population quality1) Improving the traffic safety awareness of minority residents through training;2) Giving skills training to minority residents to increase their income

113,890 persons in 58 villages in 15 townships, in which minority population accounts for 57.46% (Hui people 49.64% and Dongxiang people 5.7%)

Design agency, construction agency, transport bureau, construction bureau, education bureau, bus company, women’s federation, ethnic and religious affairs bureau, schools, township governments, village committees

Implem

entation stage

1) Conduct traffic safety knowledge training at schools, religious places, etc.;2) Giving skills training to minority residents to increase their income, including hand-drawn noodles, crop cultivation and stockbreeding.

Feasibility study budget (300,000 yuan)

1) Frequency of training;2) Percentage of minority trainees;3) Types of training

2. Generating more job opportunities rationally to improve minority residents’ income level

Local residents, including persons affected by LA and/or HD, the poor, women and ethnic minorities mainly

PMO, construction agency, employment bureau, women’s federation, civil affairs bureau, ethnic and religious affairs bureau, township governments, village committees

1) Making unskilled jobs generated by the Subproject first available to affected persons;2) 40% of unskilled jobs at the construction and operation stages are first made available to minority women and other vulnerable groups.

Feasibility study budget

1) Percentage of affected persons placed to unskilled jobs;2) Percentage of vulnerable persons placed to unskilled jobs

3. Reducing or exempting bus fares and waste disposal charges for minority MLS population

Local MLS population PMO, owner, civil affairs bureau, village committees

Reduce or exempt bus fares and waste disposal charges for minority MLS population.

Civil affairs bureau, ethnic & religious affairs bureau (500,000 yuan/year)

Minority MLS population covered by reduction or exemption

31

4. Reducing LA and HD risks, and implementing livelihood and income restoration programs

Population affected by LA and/or HD, including a minority population of 2,983, accounting for 41.56% of affected population, 6 minority tombs demolition compensation.

Design agency, RAP preparation agency, county government, construction bureau, ethnic and religious affairs bureau, LA and HD agencies, PMO, township governments, village committees

1) Minimize LA and HD during design and implementation;2) Give full compensation to affected persons;3) Maintain minority architectural styles during house reconstruction.4) giving ceremony for minority tomb relocation compensation.

Land expropriation, housing demolition has been Resettlement budget,6 Minority tombs compensation 12,000 RMB.

See the RAP.

5. Protecting local minority residents from construction

65,441 minority residents in the subproject area

Design agency, construction agency, ethnic and religious affairs bureau, environmental protection bureau, construction bureau, PMO, township governments, village committees

1) Construction workers should respect local minority customs to avoid conflicts;2) Conduct construction in stages to reduce traffic impacts;3) take noise and dust reduction measures to avoid pollution;4) Prohibit overnight construction;5) Provide non-horning signs in nearby residential areas or villages.

Budget under the Environmental Management Plan500,000RMB.

1) Records of disputes with local residents;2) Noise and dust reduction measures taken;3) Frequency of overnight construction;4) Noise level;5) Number of non-horning signs

6. Prevent construction from affecting religious activities of minority residents

Local minority residents believing in Islam

Design agency, construction agency, ethnic and religious affairs bureau, environmental protection bureau, construction bureau, PMO, township governments, village committees

1) Take noise reduction measures near mosques.2) Reserve passages for minority residents to go to mosques.

Budget under the Environmental Management Plan50, 000RMB.

1) Noise level;2) Noise reduction measures taken;3) Convenience and length of reserved passage

32

7. Ensuring personal safety Construction workers, local children and old people

Construction agency, design agency, PMO, women’s federation, education bureau, schools, township governments, village committees

1) Strengthen personal safety education for workers, and cover insurance for them.2) Separate sidewalks from vehicular lanes.3) Set up warning signs and traffic signals at road junctions.4) Conduct school-based safety education.

Subproject budget500,000RMB.

1) Safety measures taken;2) Separation;3) Safety warning signs;4) Modes, subjects and men-times of safety awareness training;5) Measures of school safety education

8. Establishing a grievance redress mechanism to ensure that minority residents can express their concerns reasonably

Local residents, including persons affected by LA and/or HD, the poor, women and ethnic minorities mainly

PMO, design agency, construction agency, ethnic and religious affairs bureau, environmental protection bureau, construction bureau, mass media, township governments, village committees

1) Handle grievances from local residents including minority residents in many ways.2) Disclose the grievance redress mechanism.

Budget for institutional capacity building10,000RMB.

1) Forms, frequency and times of disclosure on the grievance redress mechanism;2) Feedback records of local residents (including minority residents)

9. Promoting the participation of minority women in the Subproject, and protecting their rights and interests

Local minority women Design agency, construction agency, women’s federation, land and resources bureau, ethnic and religious affairs bureau, township governments, village committees

1) Incorporate needs and suggestions of minority women into the subproject design.2) 40% of unskilled jobs at the construction and operation stages are first made available to minority women and other vulnerable groups.3) Minority women have the right to sign to receive compensation fees.

Included in budgets of other measures20,000RMB.

1) Records on needs and suggestions of minority women;2) Number of minority women employed;3) Percentage of minority women signing to receive compensation fees

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6. Monitoring and EvaluationIn order to ensure that this EMDP is implemented effectively as expected, it is

necessary to monitor and evaluate the implementation thereof.

Table 6- Terms of Reference for Monitoring and EvaluationMethods Scope M&E agency Interval and reporting

①M&E methods shall include field survey, sampling survey, computational analysis and overall expert assessment;②The field survey will be conducted comprehensively on the implementation progress of the EMDP, availability and effectiveness of funds, institutional and management aspects;③The subproject area and households (especially ethnic minority households) shall be subject to sampling survey using the classified random sampling method to track typical ethnic minority households regularly.④The sampling ratio shall not be less than 20% of the affected population, in which the proportion of ethnic minority households shall not be less than 40% of all sample households; to collect relevant information, complete the impact form and compare with the existing EMDP data, a socioeconomic survey and a resettlement survey shall be conducted.⑤In addition to written materials, photos, videos, audio records and physical objects shall also be collected to establish a database of public participation and results.

The independent monitoring agency shall conduct monitoring semiannually during the implementation of the EMDP, with focus on the following activities:①Are the right of the ethnic minorities and minority groups to participate in the project equally guaranteed practically?②Are the linguistic and cultural rights of the ethnic minorities respected?③Which specific measures have the local PMOs taken according to the MEGDP? How effective are these measures?④How do the ethnic minorities and minority groups evaluate these measures?⑤How does the main population evaluate these measures?⑥Is a MEGDP M&E mechanism in place? Does it work?

Internal monitoring will be performed by the PMO, and external M&E by a qualified independent M&E agency.

Semiannual internal monitoring reports will be submitted by the PMO to the Bank; external M&E reports will be submitted by the independent M&E agency to the Bank annually.

Minority monitoring includes internal and external monitoring, where internal monitoring will be performed by the PMO semiannually, and external monitoring will be performed annually by an independent agency until subproject completion. EMDP monitoring reports will be prepared.

34

Appendix 1 Breakdown of Directly Affected Minority Population (Units: person, %)

No. Village PopulationEthnic minorities Han Hui Dongxiang Salar Other

Population Percent Population Percent Population Percent Population Percent Population Percent Population Percent

Mama highway

Qianchuan Village, Monigou Xiang 2623 2622 99.96 1 0.04 2582 98.44 36 1.37 3 0.11 1 0.04Yangwa Village, Monigou Xiang 1556 1556 100.00 0 0.00 1531 98.39 20 1.29 3 0.19 2 0.13

Jijia Village, Monigou Xiang 1745 1644 94.21 101 5.79 1514 86.76 118 6.76 9 0.52 3 0.17Hejia Village, Monigou Xiang 2388 2388 100.00 0 0.00 2312 96.82 39 1.63 33 1.38 4 0.17Taita Village, Monigou Xiang 2383 2303 96.64 80 3.36 2277 95.55 26 1.09 0 0.00 0 0.00

Dazhuang Village, Monigou Xiang 1429 1418 99.23 11 0.77 1287 90.06 120 8.40 11 0.77 0 0.00Maji Village, Maji Town 1784 1784 100.00 0 0.00 1699 95.24 85 4.76 0 0.00 0 0.00

Duomusi Village, Maji Town 2420 2420 100.00 0 0.00 2420 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00Guodongshan Village, Manisigou

Xiang2045 957 46.80 1088 53.20 957 46.80 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Sizhuang Village, Manisigou Xiang 2046 1894 92.57 152 7.43 1857 90.76 17 0.83 13 0.64 7 0.34Zhonglu Village, Manisigou Xiang 1067 1065 99.81 2 0.19 1007 94.38 19 1.78 39 3.66 0 0.00Tangga Village, Manisigou Xiang 1864 1335 71.62 529 28.38 1263 67.76 24 1.29 42 2.25 6 0.32

Longquan-

Dacaotan

highway

Longquan Village, Diaoqi Xiang 2002 346 17.28 1656 82.72 333 16.63 8 0.40 0 0.00 5 0.25Xinxing Village, Yinji Town 2701 86 3.18 2615 96.82 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 86 3.18Datan Village, Yinji Town 1531 55 3.59 1476 96.41 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 55 3.59

Kajiatan Village, Yinji Town 739 25 3.38 714 96.62 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 25 3.38Yinji Village, Yinji Town 3417 1680 49.17 1737 50.83 1680 49.17 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00Xinfa Village, Yinji Town 1602 191 11.92 1411 88.08 161 10.05 0 0.00 0 0.00 30 1.87

Beixiaoyuan- Lianhua Wharf

highway

Beixiaoyuan Village, Anjiapo Xiang 1600 1600 100.00 1600 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00Qiaowo Village, Hexi Xiang 488 488 100.00 0 0.00 201 41.19 277 56.76 0 0.00 10 2.05

Hejia Village, Hexi Xiang 1560 1440 92.31 120 7.69 738 47.31 702 45.00 0 0.00 0 0.00Zhangjia Village, Hexi Xiang 659 659 100.00 0 0.00 386 58.57 273 41.43 0 0.00 0 0.00

Majia Village, Hexi Xiang 920 920 100.00 0 0.00 19 2.07 901 97.93 0 0.00 0 0.00Gazhuang Village, Hexi Xiang 621 621 100.00 0 0.00 278 44.77 338 54.43 0 0.00 5 0.81

35

No. Village PopulationEthnic minorities Han Hui Dongxiang Salar Other

Population Percent Population Percent Population Percent Population Percent Population Percent Population PercentDazhuang Village, Hexi Xiang 2276 2276 100.00 0 0.00 1073 47.14 1182 51.93 0 0.00 21 0.92

Yangjia Village, Hexi Xiang 452 26 5.75 426 94.25 24 5.31 2 0.44 0 0.00 0 0.00Changjia Village, Hexi Xiang 953 48 5.04 905 94.96 9 0.94 30 3.15 0 0.00 9 0.94

Lijia Village, Hexi Xiang 745 0 0.00 745 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00Tazhang Village, Hexi Xiang 962 11 1.14 951 98.86 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 11 1.14Daliang Village, Qiaosi Xiang 3221 3212 99.72 9 0.28 3212 99.72 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Chenhuang Village, Nanyuan Xiang 1319 1310 99.32 9 0.68 1310 99.32 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00Liancheng Village, Lianhua Town 1594 0 0.00 1594 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00Jiaozhang Village, Lianhua Town 1673 0 0.00 1673 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Lujia Village, Lianhua Town 1264 0 0.00 1264 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00Jiajia Village, Lianhua Town 1576 0 0.00 1576 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Shuguang Village, Lianhua Town 1425 0 0.00 1425 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Hangou highway

Caojiapo Village, Zhangzigou Xiang 1462 861 58.89 601 41.11 830 56.77 31 2.12 0 0.00 0 0.00Wangjiawan Village, Zhangzigou Xiang 1007 923 91.66 84 8.34 856 85.00 51 5.06 16 1.59 0 0.00

Zhongguang Village, Zhangzigou

Xiang1510 938 62.12 572 37.88 902 59.74 36 2.38 0 0.00 0 0.00

Mochuan Village, Hanji Town 2180 2164 99.26 16 0.73 2118 97.18 20 0.92 0 0 26 1.19Sandawan Village, Hongtai Xiang 1333 482 36.16 851 63.84 415 31.13 67 5.03 0 0.00 0 0.00

Longwo Village, Yingtan Xiang 1241 442 35.62 799 64.38 393 31.67 26 2.10 17 1.37 6 0.48Xiaogou Village, Yingtan Xiang 2179 1513 69.44 666 30.56 1324 60.76 126 5.78 40 1.84 23 1.06

Zhangwo highway

Dasha Village, Zhangzigou Xiang 997 624 62.59 373 37.41 486 48.75 138 13.84 0 0.00 0 0.00Guanba Village, Zhangzigou Xiang 1271 1241 97.64 30 2.36 461 36.27 777 61.13 3 0.24 0 0.00Wolonggou Village, Manisigou Xiang 312 312 100.00 0 0.00 298 95.51 9 2.88 5 1.60 0 0.00

Maoniu Road Zuitou Village, Yinji Town 2782 1561 56.11 1221 43.89 1470 52.84 91 3.27 0 0.00 0 0.00Yinji Village, Yinji Town 3417 1680 49.17 1737 50.83 1680 49.17 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Maliantan Village, Yinji Town 4022 2161 53.73 1861 46.27 2161 53.73 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00Jianshang Village, Yinji Town 3486 3486 100.00 0 0.00 3323 95.32 163 4.68 0 0.00 0 0.00

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No. Village PopulationEthnic minorities Han Hui Dongxiang Salar Other

Population Percent Population Percent Population Percent Population Percent Population Percent Population PercentHanzhaojia Village, Yinji Town 2099 682 32.49 1417 67.51 682 32.49 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00Majiuchuan Village, Yinji Town 2008 0 0 2008 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Shuangcheng Village, Hanji Town 2860 1316 46.01 1544 53.99 1250 43.71 35 1.22 24 0.84 7 0.24

Binhe Road

Shuangcheng Village, Hanji Town 2860 1316 46.01 1544 53.99 1250 43.71 35 1.22 24 0.84 7 0.24Yaochuan Village, Hanji Town 1515 1515 100.00 0 0.00 1490 98.35 25 1.65 0 0.00 0 0.00Mochuan Village, Hanji Town 2180 2164 99.26 16 0.73 2118 97.18 20 0.92 0 0 26 1.19

Hanji Village, Hanji Town 2340 1953 83.46 387 16.54 1923 82.18 30 1.28 0 0.00 0 0.00Hanji Town Government 10243 4456 43.50 5787 56.50 4456 43.50 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Express Passage -Xinji

Town road

Xinji Village, Xinji Town 3473 2431 70.00 1042 30.00 1564 45.03 656 18.89 211 6.08 0 0.00Gucheng Village, Xinji Town 3112 0 0.00 3112 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Majiuchuan Village, Yinji Town 2008 0 0.00 2008 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00

Express Passage -Yinji

Town road

Xiatang Village, Xinji Town 3808 0 0.00 3808 100.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00Zuitou Village, Yinji Town 2782 1561 56.11 1221 43.89 1470 52.84 91 3.27 0 0.00 0 0.00Yinji Village, Yinji Town 3417 1680 49.17 1737 50.83 1680 49.17 0 0 0 0.00 0 0.00

Total 58 113890 65441 57.46 50049 43.95 56532 49.64 6498 5.7 469 0.42 342 0.3

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Appendix 2 Prevailing Ethnic Minority Policy

FrameworkType Name of policy/regulation Contents and key points

State laws and regulations, and regulations of Gansu Province

State laws and regulations: Constitution of the RPC, Law of the RPC on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, Law of Organization of Villager Committee of the RPC, Regulations on the Administrative Work of Ethnic Minority Xiangs the RPC, 12th Five-year Plan for Ethnic Minority ProgramsRegulations of Gansu: Working Regulations on Written and Spoken Languages of Gansu Province, Working Regulations on People’s Congresses of Gansu Province

①In addition to the same powers as local governments, the authorities of the localities of ethnic autonomy also have the following rights: autonomous legislative power; autonomy in the administration of local political, economic, financial, scientific, educational and cultural affairs, the right to organize local public security forces, and the right to use and develop ethnic minority languages, etc.②Citizens of the People’s Republic of China shall have freedom in religious belief, and the state and the authorities of the localities of ethnic autonomy shall guarantee such freedom for citizens of all ethnic groups.③Administrative regulations for ethnic minorities shall be formulated to promote the development economic and cultural programs of ethnic minority Xiangs, protect the lawful rights and interests of ethnic minorities, and enhance the unity among different ethnic groups.④Except those deprived of political rights, villagers attaining 18 years of age, regardless of ethnic group, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education, property condition or term of residence, shall have the right to vote and the right to be elected.⑤The state shall support all ethnic minorities financially, materially and technically to accelerate their economic development, cultural and other social programs.⑥The protection of ethnic folk cultures shall be subject to the principles of protection mainly, rational development, government dominance and social participation.

State supporting policy

Development Plan for Ethnic Minorities with Less Population (2011-2015)

①Among the 55 ethnic minorities, the 28 ones with a population of less than 300,000 shall be supported, including the Salar people. The period of planning shall be 2011-2015.②Development objectives: By 2015, the poor population of areas inhabited centrally by ethnic minorities with less population is at least halved, the per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen reaches or exceeds the local average, and the per capita net income of about half of farmers and herdsmen reaches or exceeds the national average; infrastructure security level, livelihood security level and self-development capacity are improved greatly. By 2020, areas inhabited centrally by ethnic minorities with less population will feature more balanced development, richer lives, a better environment, and a more harmonious and well-being society.③Priorities: Strengthen the construction of infrastructure and supporting facilities, improve development security level greatly, develop characteristic and advantaged industries to promote income increase, protect and improve livelihoods, promote the equality of basic public services, development cultural programs and industries to prosper ethnic cultures, strengthen human resources development to enhance self-development capacity, promote ethnic unity and build a harmonious homeland.④Policy measures: Increase fund input, and strengthen financial services, counterpart-assistance, talent team building, and the implementation of prevailing policies and regulations.

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Some Opinions of the State Council on Supporting the Economic and Social Development of Gansu Province

The significance of supporting the economic development of Gansu Province shall① be recognized, and all tasks based on poverty reduction and improving the living standard of all ethnic groups, with focus on solving the most immediate livelihood issues for local residents.②Objectives: By 2015, the local ecological environment of these areas shall be improved significantly, the income of urban and rural residents shall be close to or attain the average of western China, the infrastructure shall be further strengthened, and key industries and characteristic economies shall take form.③Priorities: Strengthen ecological protection and construction; strengthen poverty relief and development, improve the production and living conditions of farming and pastoral areas, increase the income of farmers and herdsmen; develop social programs greatly, improve public service capabilities; strengthen infrastructure building, improve the capability to support regional development; promote the development of the characteristic and advantageous industries, and develop new points of economic growth.

Regional development plans

Outline of the 12th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Gansu Province, Outline of the 12th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Linxia Prefecture, 12th Five-year Transport Development Plan of Gansu Province

World Bank Operational Policy (OP4.10) and Bank Procedure (BP4.10)

This policy aims to ensure that the development process fully respects the dignity, human rights, economies, and cultures of Indigenous Peoples.(1) The Bank recognizes that the identities and cultures of Indigenous Peoples are inextricably linked to the lands on which they live and the natural resources on which they depend. These distinct circumstances expose Indigenous Peoples to different types of risks and levels of impacts from development projects, including loss of identity, culture, and customary livelihoods, as well as exposure to disease. Gender and intergenerational issues among Indigenous Peoples also are complex. As social groups with identities that are often distinct from dominant groups in their national societies, Indigenous Peoples are frequently among the most marginalized and vulnerable segments of the population. As a result, their economic, social, and legal status often limits their capacity to defend their interests in and rights to lands, territories, and other productive resources, and/or restricts their ability to participate in and benefit from development. At the same time, the Bank recognizes that Indigenous Peoples play a vital role in sustainable development and that their rights are increasingly being addressed under both domestic and international law.(2) Bank-financed projects include measures to (a) avoid potentially adverse effects on the Indigenous Peoples’ communities; or (b) when avoidance is not feasible, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for such effects. Bank-financed projects are also designed to ensure that the Indigenous Peoples receive social and economic benefits that are culturally appropriate and gender and inter-generationally inclusive.(3) When a project affects Indigenous Peoples, the TT assists the borrower in carrying out free, prior, and informed consultation with affected communities about the proposed project throughout the project cycle. At all stages of the project, the parties consulted have prior access to information on the intent and scope of the proposed project in a culturally appropriate manner. It shall also be determined that if the affected communities give broad support to the project based on the SA and

39

consultation process.(4) The EMDP should be flexible and practical, and include the following: legal and institutional framework suited to ethnic minorities; information on demographic, social, cultural and political features of affected communities, ancestral territories owned, used or occupied by them, and natural resources on which they live; a summary of SA; a summary of free, prior, and informed consultation results in affected communities at the preparation stage, which has gained broad community support for the project; a framework for ensuring free, prior, and informed consultation with affected communities during project implementation; an action plan for ensuring that ethnic minorities receive culturally appropriate social and economic interests; after potential negative impacts on ethnic minorities have been determined, an appropriate action plan that avoids, minimizes or mitigates, or compensate for such impacts; the financial budget and financing plan for the EMDP; a procedure for addressing appeals from minority communities arising from project implementation; and an M&E and reporting mechanism, and indicator system suitable for the implementation of the EMDP.

40

Appendix 3 Summary of Early-stage Participation

ActivitiesNo. Method Time Venue Participants Remarks

1Information disclosure

Sep. 2012Subproject

area

Local residents Disclosing subproject information, and learning their attitudes to and comments on the Subproject

Mar. & Sep. 2013

Local TV station /

newspaper

Ethnic Minority Daily and Gansu Satellite TV reported subproject information.

Aug. – Sep. 2013

TownshipsLocal residents Announcement of the EIA and SA

reports

2Field

investigationSep. 2012 – Sep. 2013

Subproject area

Bank mission, feasibility study report, RAP, SA Report and EIA preparation agencies

Conducting a number of field investigations in the subproject area, and communicating with local officials and residents

3Questionnair

e survey

Mar. 22-23, 2013

Townships and villages

226 valid copies recovered Learning traffic modes of residents (incl. women, residents of different economic levels and ethnic groups), their comments on the local traffic infrastructure, suggestions on traffic improvement, and needs for the Subproject

Aug. 14-22, 2013

Townships and villages

350 valid copies recovered

3 FGDAug. 14-22,

2013Townships and villages

27 FGDs, with 205 attendees in total, including 66 women and 124 minority people

Learning local residents’ expectations and needs for, and suggestions on the Subproject

4In-depth interview

Mar. 22-23 & Aug. 14-22,

2013

Townships and villages

52 in-depth interviews with 52 persons, incl. township officials, teachers, retirees, religious workers, farmers, storeowners, employees, housewives and bus drivers, including 30 minority people and 23 women

Learning local residents’ production and living conditions, the Subproject’s impacts on them, and their attitudes to the Subproject

5Key

informant interview

Mar. 22-23 & Aug. 14-22,

2013

Townships and villages

28 key informant interviews with heads of township governments, village committees, and county departments concerned

Learning the development of local ethnic minorities and women, relevant policies and ongoing projects, and suggestions on the Subproject

6Stakeholder discussion

Aug. 14-22, 2013

PMO, townships

4 stakeholder discussions at different county and township departments

Learning the Subproject’s potential impacts and measures to reduce impacts.

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Appendix 4 Outcomes of Early-stage Public ParticipationMain activities Time Participants Main comments/suggestions Results of public participation

Reducing LA and HD impacts

Field visit of the Beixiaoyuan-Lianhua Wharf highway, interviewing with residents of minority communities

May 22,

2013

Members of the PMO, Tazhang and Lijia Villages

Minority residents expect that the demolition of mosques be avoided by rerouting, and that the Subproject promote local economic development (tea gardens, agritainment sites)

A new Class-3 highway is constructed on the west of the Daxia River, and the existing Beixiaoyuan-Lianhua Wharf highway is rerouted.LA and HD impacts have been reduced to the acquisition of 463.4 mu of cultivated land, and 6 households and one public institution affected by HD.

Livelihood restoration

1. Reallocating land to land-expropriated farmers wishing to carry on farming

Mar. & Aug.

14-22, 2013

PMO, Bank experts, RAP and EMDP preparation agencies

Some local residents expect to carry on farming after land loss

During the Twelfth Five-year Plan period, protected, characteristic and sightseeing agriculture will be developed in Linxia County mainly. These farmers will be reallocated with land, and provided with assistance and training by the government.

2. Hui residents have the habit of dealing with hand-drawn noodles restaurants

Mar. & Aug.

14-22, 2013

PMO, Bank experts, county ethnic and religious affairs bureau, RAP and EMDP preparation agencies

Some Hui and Dongxiang residents expect to increase their income through catering.

Part of the subproject budget and some funds of the county finance bureau will be used specifically to support minority residents to develop catering operations and promote their income restoration.

Development of minority

communities

1. Considering needs and suggestions for the development of minority communities

Mar. & Aug.

14-22, 2013

PMO, Bank experts, EMDP and SA report preparation agencies, minority residents

Community development ideas: 1) developing minority custom tours; 2) developing agritainment sites where road conditions permit; and 3) developing minority handicrafts, such as embroidery, to increase income

The Subproject will improve the community environment and create conditions for community development, and the government will also provide necessary assistance, e.g., developing courtyard tourism in characteristic minority residences.

2. Learning minority residents’ attitudes to and needs for the

Mar. & Aug.

14-22,

PMO, county construction bureau, Bank experts, EMDP

Local residents expect to participate in the construction of the Subproject, and some

The PMO promises to have the construction agency employ local labor and hire local vehicles first at the construction stage.

42

Subproject 2013 and SA report preparation agencies

women expect to get employed under the Subproject.

Appendix 5 Participation Plan for the Implementation StageActivities Monitoring indicators Agencies concerned Responsible

1. Further optimizing subproject design

1. Consult local residents on road infrastructure construction, especially minority residents and imams.2. Consult minority residents on the setup of road safety warning signs.

1. Number and minutes of mobilization meetings; minority reps. should be not less than 50%;2. Number and minutes of bus service optimization meetings, composition of attendees;3. Interview records on the setup of road safety warning signs

ethnic and religious affairs bureau, transport bureau, bus company, civil affairs bureau, labor and social security bureau, transport bureau;PMO, owner, design agency;EDMP monitoring agency;Minority community officials and residents

PMO, owner, design agency, minority communities

2. Participation in subproject construction

1. Consult local residents on jobs generated by the Subproject, recruitment criteria and remuneration level, and make sure that such jobs are first made available to minority residents, the poor and women;2. Train construction workers on skills, traffic safety and minority customs;3. Hold FGDs in minority communities to discuss dust and noise reduction measures, how to reduce impacts of construction on traffic, etc.

1. Number and minutes of meetings;2.Frequency, times and trainees of training;3. Number and minutes of FGDs in minority communities; reps. of minority residents, the poor and women should be not less than 50%.

Labor and social security bureau, women’s federation, ethnic and religious affairs bureau;PMO, owner, construction agency;EDMP monitoring agency;Minority community officials and residents

PMO, owner, construction agency, minority communities

3. Traffic safety publicity and education

1. Give publicity on traffic safety and management knowledge by mass media, or through imams;2. Incorporate traffic safety knowledge publicity into skills training, and involve women and minority residents;3. Incorporate traffic safety knowledge publicity into

1. Forms of publicity, written materials, and languages used;2. Frequency and trainees of training; women and minority residents should be not less than 40%;3. Forms and scope of school education

Transport bureau, traffic police brigade, education bureau, labor and social security bureau, poverty reduction office, women’s federation, ethnic and religious affairs bureau;

PMO, owner, transport bureau, traffic police brigade, minority communities

43

Activities Monitoring indicators Agencies concerned Responsible

school education. PMO, owner, construction agency;EDMP monitoring agency;Minority community officials and residents

4. Village traffic safety supervision and management

Establish community traffic supervision teams, and ensure that women and minority residents are represented.

Establishment process of traffic supervision teams, and meeting minutes; minority reps. should be not less than 40%, and women not less than 20%.

Minority communitiesPMO, owner, minority communities

5. Grievance redress

1. Disclose the grievance redress mechanism and solicit comments through mass media;2. Collect comments on the grievance redress mechanism through community meetings, in-depth interviews and FGDs.

1. Forms, frequency and times of disclosure, and feedback records;2. Minutes of community meetings, in-depth interviews and FGDs; written records of feedback

Minority communitiesPMO, owner, minority communities

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Appendix 6 Fieldwork Photos

1. A Hui mosque in Tangga Village 2. Corn and narrow road affected by dust

3. Damaged pavement 4. In-depth interview with minority people affected by HD

5. FGD with minority people 6. FGD in Xinji Town

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