linux introduction
DESCRIPTION
The first lecture of my Linux crash course at SWFUTRANSCRIPT
No Textbook
® Do you need a book to learn riding a ®?http://cs3.swfu.edu.cn/moodle
m
▶ “Linux tutorial”▶ “Linux command line tutorial”▶ “Bash tutorial”▶ “Bash scripting tutorial”▶ …
E Yeah, English.
2 /27
What’s GNU/Linux?
GNU’s Not Unix! — provides free apps
(GNU’s Not Unix!) is a project that was headed byRichard Stallman, in 1984, that intended to develop acomplete Unix-like operating system that is freesoftware.
Linux — the kernel
was written by LinusTorvalds, a graduate student ofthe University of Helsinki inFinland, in early 1990s.
3 /27
A Short History of GNU/Linux and Open Source
1972: Ritchie created C language. Unix version 2written mostly by Thompson in C.
1984: RMS started the GNU project.1985: FSF was founded by RMS, The GNU
manifesto was published.1991: Linux version 0.01 was released on the net.1994: Linux version 1.0 was released.
4 /27
Meet The Parents
Ritche Thompson RMS Linus
UNIX5 /27
How Is GNU/Linux?
Network-friendly — it’s born on the netMulti-user — it’s UNIXReliable — it’s developed by geniuses all over the
worldOpen source — good for studyFree of charge — good for studentsBackwards-compatible — can run on very old
mechines
6 /27
What’s Open Source?
OSI — Open Source InitiativeGPL — GNU General Public License, a free,
copyleft license for software and otherkinds of works
Share and share alike“what you take from the community, you give back”
▶ Free redistribution▶ Source Code must be included when a modifiedversion is released
▶ Derived works follows the same license as of theprevious works
7 /27
Are Companies Into Open Source?
Definitely!Why? Because it benefits them as well.
compiler development for theirmicroprocessors (32-bit/64-bit)
gcc compiler and glibc develop-ment for their Cisco IOS
Android, ChromeOS, ...
and more...
8 /27
Why Is It Popular?
GNU/Linux presents a choice, an alternative to theclosed approach of companies.
It’s popular among different groups▶ geeks and hobbyists▶ IT professionals▶ Software developers▶ System/Network administrators▶ Internet/Network engineers
In a world without walls and fences, who needs Windows and Gates?
- Scott McNealy
9 /27
Is Open Source A Viable Solution?
Know the facts:Apache: the leading web server in the world
Apache: 60.4%MS IIS: 13.8%Nginx: 20.9%
(W3Techs.com, 17 June 2014)
MySQL, PostgreSQL: popular DBs used amongwebsites
Perl, PHP, Python: very hot scripting languageSendmail: the most popular MTA in the world
BIND: the most popular DNS server in the worldGCC: most popular C/C++ compiler in the world
10 /27
2014
11 /27
More FactsPopular Web Programming Tools (Google trends)
ASP PHP Python JSP Ruby
PHP, Python, JSP, Ruby are Linux friendly
12 /27
More FactsTop10 — TIOBE Index for June 2014
13 /27
More FactsDB-Engines Ranking — Trend of Relational DBMS Popularity
14 /27
More FactsMost used web browser
February 2014
June 2014
38.31%25.1%
15 /27
More FactsWeb Browsers (StatCounter)
16 /27
Jan 28, 2013: Google offered a total prize package of$3.14159 million in its own Pwnium 3Chrome OS cracking contest.
Mar 8, 2013: Linux triumphant: Chrome OS resistscracking attempts§ The Chrome Web browser on Windows
is breakable, but© the Linux-based Chrome OS is proved
to be uncrackable
17 /27
Market Shares2011 — Post-PC Era
Everything including PCs, Servers, Smartphones,Tablets
: 35.9%: 29.4%: 14.6%
Others: 20.1% (mainly Unix variations)
18 /27
Smartphone Market Share
: 81.9%: 12.1%: 3.6%: 1.8%
End of Q3 201319 /27
Games
Steam platform support: since 2002: since 2010: since July, 2012
20 /27
Use The Right Tools For The Right Jobs
I don’t mean Linux is for everyone to doeverything
▶ MS Windows is the platform of choice for audioenthusiasts and gamers
▶ Macs are the choice for most graphics designers,desktop publishing firms, and video productionhouses
▶ SGI is king when it comes to 3Dmodelling/animation
▶ Solaris and other commercial Unices have thereplace in the world
21 /27
The Distance
22 /27
The Distance
m
23 /27
How To Learn GNU/Linux?
My advices:▶ Use it to do your daily work
? Can’t I do my homework in Linux??? Can’t I do coding in Linux?
??? Can’t I do my lab work in Linux?
▶ Am▶▶ English
24 /27
Distributions
YggdrasilTAMU
MCC InterimSLS
Slackware
S.u.S.E.
LST
DLD / Delix
Red Hat
Jurix
Debian
Libranet
Storm
Skolelinux
Lindows
DeMuDiImpi
Linspire
Guadalinex
Freespire
UlteoKubuntu
nUbuntuLinux Mint
Ubuntu gNewSenseXubuntu
EdubuntuEliveSidux
MEPIS SimplyMEPIS
Kurumin
KNOPPIX
Damn Small Linux
Symphony OS
Kanotix
KnoppMythParsix
DSL-N
Morphix ZoneCDLinEx
SmoothWall Express
Yoper
Puppy
Progeny
Xandros
Pardus
KateOSKate Linux
SabayonRR4
KororaaVidaLinux
Gnu-HALO
ZenwalkMinislack
Sauver
How-TuxNimbleX
FrugalwareDARKSTAR
SUSE
Sun JDSopenSUSE
DeLi
Source Mage
Lunar
Gentoo
SLAX
Arch
GoboLinux
Ark
SCORedmond
Lycoris
dyne:bolic
Astaro
CRUXRock Linux
Linux From Scratch
Caixa Mágica
Enoch
Vector
Sorcerer
Beehive
EnGardeIPCop
SmoothWall GPL
Corel
Stampede
SuSE
Caldera
Conectiva
MandrivaMandrake
ALT Linux PCLinuxOS
OpenSLS
CentOSScientific
White BoxUnited Linux
SME ServerVirtual
Specifix rPathOz
ForesightStartCom
Fedora CoreFoX
Ekaaty
ATmission
BLAGAurox
aLinux
Trustix
Red FlagPeanut
Yellow DogEurielec
TurbolinuxPLD
e-smith
Ututo
Fedora
Voltalinux
Bluewallgrml
ELX
Whoppix WHAX
Auditor Security LinuxBacktrack
Annvix
Aurora Bayanihan
AnNyungBU Linux
BioBrew
Berry
AsianLinux
Asianux
BeatrIX
Miracle
Tao
BogusDILINUX
MINIMonkey
Trans-Ameritech
WGS Linux Pro
Xdenu
Craftworks
DOSLINUX
Linux-FT
Linux Universe
Armed
eIT easyLinux
BluePoint
EvilEntityAUSTRUMI
Bluewhite64
ShabdixBioknoppix
BOSS
BinToo
blackPanther
Momonga
LinuxInstallHP Secure
SuperRescue
HappyEridani
LinuxPPC
ImmunixKondara
25 /27
Which Distribution?
...
... ...
...
...
...
...
...
Fedora
26 /27
References
Open Source Initiative
GNU Project
Linux Online
LinuxLinks.com
Google Trends — SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL
Google Trends — ASP, PHP, Python, JSP, Ruby
TIOBE Programming Community Index
27 /27