linux introduction. why linux? powerful (remote) shell
TRANSCRIPT
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Linux
introduction
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Why Linux?
Powerful (remote) shell
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Starting with Linux
Start a terminal window
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Terminal
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Who
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Where
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What
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Details
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The Linux Manual pages
penguin@bioinfc01:~> ls –l
What does the “-l” option do?
penguin@bioinfc01:~> man ls
NAMEls - list directory contents
...-l use a long listing format
…
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Directory structure
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/home home directories for the users/etc system configuration files/var system log files/bin programs/usr/bin programs/sbin administrator programs/usr/sbin administrator programs/tmp temporary work space/mnt network disks/mediaCD-rom/DVD/USB sticks
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The root directory
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A closer look at a file
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File/Directory permissionspenguin@bioinfc01:~> ls -ldrwxr-xr-x 2 penguin users … scripts
drwxr-xr-x
-Directory (yes/no)-right for user, group and others-read, write and execute/open directory
Access flagsowner
group file/directory name
user group other
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Running the Perl script
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Where is the perl program?
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Processes
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Stopping a process
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The root account
The adminstrator account on a Linux system is called 'root'
You need it to install new software
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Usefull linux commandscommand descriptionpwd Print the name of the current directoryls show the files in a directoryman Open the manual page for a certain commandcd Change directoryfile Examine a filemore Print the contents of a text file (try also ‘less’)perl Run a perl scriptps List the running processestop List the active processes, updatingkill Terminate a process, try also 'pkill' and 'kill -9'
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and more...command descriptionexit Close the current shell (also ctrl+d)ssh Open a connection to a remote computercp Copy a file to a new locationmv Move a file to a new location (or rename a file)rm Remove/delete a filemkdir Create a new directoryrmdir Remove a directoryecho Print a textfind Find a filegrep Find a text in one or more files
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and even more...command descriptionscreen start a virtual terminal, if you want to switch off PCscp secure network copycat print the contents of a file to the terminalwatch monitor the output of a shell commandtail print the last lines of a text file, continuouslyhead print the first lines of a text filetar create of read a tarball archivegzip zip a file, use gunzip to unzipdate print current date/timeln create a (soft) link to a file, like a shortcut
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...command descriptionsu switch to another user, default is 'root'sudo act as another user, password requiredzypper install new software, other flavours: apt-get, yumreboot reboot Linuxshutdown shutdown the Linux environmentprintenv print the environment variablessetenv set the environment variables, depends on shellpasswd change your password