GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD

PISMP TESL (SK) GROUP 1JANUARU 2013 INTAKESIPG KAMPUS GAYAGRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD

Grammar Translation Method

"a method of foreign or second language teaching which makes use of translation and grammar study as the main teaching and learning activities."

---Richards, J. C., & Schmidt, R. (2002). Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. Pearson Education Limited. pp.231.

Background

The Grammar Translation Method was the traditional way Latin and Greek were taught in Europe.

In the 19th century it began to be used to teach modern languages such as French, German, and English, and it is still used in some countries today.

A typical lesson consists of the presentation of a grammatical rule, a study of lists of vocabulary, and a translation exercise.

Principal Characteristics

Grammar Translation is a way of studying a language that approaches the language first through detailed analysis of its grammar rules, followed by application of this knowledge to the task of translating sentences and texts into and out of the target language. Reading and writing are the major focus; little or no systematic attention is paid to speaking and listening.

Vocabulary selection is based solely on the reading texts used, and words are taught through bilingual word lists, dictionary study, and memorization.

The sentence is the basic unit of teaching and language practice. Much of the lesson is devoted to translating sentences into and out of the target language, and it is this focus on the sentence that is a distinctive feature of this method.

Principal Characteristics

Accuracy is emphasized Students are expected to attain high standards in translation.

Grammar is taught deductively That is, by presentation and study of grammar rules, which are then practiced through translation exercises.

The student's native language is the medium of instruction It is used to explain new items and to enable comparisons to be made between the foreign language and the student's native language.

Application of GTMTranslation of a Literary Passage Reading Comprehension Questions Antonyms/Synonyms Fill in the blanks

Advantages & DisadvantagesAdvantagesAn effective way for application of grammar and sentence structureFew demands on teachersLeast stressful for students

DisadvantagesWrong idea of what language isLess learners motivationCreate frustration for learners

THE END

METHODS, CURRICULUM & SYLLABUS,

APPROACHES,

TECHNIQUES,

METHODOLOGY

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METHODS Tools, techniques or process that we use to conduct a research.

How methods are used in a particular research are shaped by the methodology.

For instance, we use methods such as surveys, interviews, participant observation etc. to aid researchs completion.

CURRICULUM & SYLLABUSCurriculum is the complete set of taught material in a school system.

The syllabus is the content, the list of topics/concepts to be taught, whereas the curriculum is a consideration of the objectives, the content, methods chosen to achieve those objectives.

A syllabus can only specify what is taught; it cannot organize what is learnt.

APPROACHES

An approach is a way of looking at teaching & learning. Underlying any language teaching approach is a theoretical view of what language is, and of how it can be learnt. An approach gives rise to methods, the way of teaching something, which use classroom activities or techniques to help learners learn.

It describes how people acquire their knowledge of the language & makes statements about conditions which will promote successful language learning. Examples of the most common approaches are Communicative Approach and Task-Based Learning.

What is techniques? A technique is implementational That which actually takes place in a classroom. It is a particular trick, stratagem, or contrivance used to accomplish an immediate objective. Techniques must be consistent with amethod, and therefore in harmony with anapproachas well.

Example of techiques?

Dialogues Role play activities Field trips Other extensions with games, stories, songs, drawings Teaching machines are techniques

TECHNIQUES

METHODOLOGYPedagogical practices in general (including theoretical underpinnings and related research)

Whatever considerations are involve in how to teach are methodological.