:M ln-Store lnnovations

Learning LinkIn this unit you will learn. words and phrases to help you talk about inventions and shopping.. to ask and answer questions about shopping.. to write an essay giving your opinion.o to use different question forms.

OOC)O

tmg EI Work with a partner. Match the items to the people who invented them.

1 a church singer2 an artist who worked as a secretary3 a man who went hunting with his dog4 a tailor who had a difficult customet

g way'

Turn to page 191 to see if you were right.

A

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m Read the letters which have been taken from a magazine for young inventors quickly and find out whyan inventor might need a lawyer.

AMy dad says my inventions are awaste of time, but I want to showhim why they're important. youcouldn't help me to convince him,could you?James, aged 16

Well, James, think of alt the differentproducts you see around you everyday

- in your home, at school and in

the shops. There are a lot, aren,t there?Where do you think they all camefrom? Most of them developed from asimple idea that somebody turned intoa clever invention. Can you imaginewhat life woutd be tike if nobody-hadbothered? We wouldn't have motorcars, televisions or computers, wouldwe? Things would be very different,wouldn't they? I wonder if your dad hasthought about that. perhaps you couldtalk about this with him, James. Thenhe'll understand why it's important forctever young people like you to carryon

.having good ideas and tryingto invent new products for us' ai.Good luck!

Reading Link

sleals your idea. Woutdn,t it betgrriblg if that happened? Have you gotdrawings and plans for your ideai tfso, you need to find somebody whowill

.give you some money so you canmake your idea. Then you musi protectyour idea by getting what's called ap,at?n.t

.(so nobody etse can say itstheir idea). Why don't you find a goodlawyer to help you?

Cfm really interested in inventing.Can you give me some advice o'nhow to get started?Nigel, aged 15

G,lad to.hear you're so interested, Nigel.How do you think of an invention?Well, lots of inventors say they thoughtof their idea almost tiv acciAeni _like the man who invented Velcro@.He said he came up with the ideawhTn h9 wgs trying to get stict

f| Read the letters again and answer the questions.What would be missing from our everyday lives if people hadn't bothered to invent them?

2 How can Nancy protect her new idea?

3 Where did the idea of Velcro@come from?7Ve1anbutle's,tedof

res,l/s,ten

annts,

4 Who does Professor Gilbert think is the best inventor ever?

5 Which of Leonardo Da Vinci's inventions are mentioned?

6 What is our assessment of inventions affected by?fiion

'en Iilanevhenrcinpne.i thethingywetherelesnti thatEr towhen

make

people/ oftenrchievelo other

fl Match the words from the letters to their meanings.

1 convince (A)2 bothered (A)3 lawyer (B)4 ground (C)5 brilliant (D)6 compasses (D)7 contact lenses (D)8 colleague (E)9 assess (E)

10 achieve (F)

f| Circle the correct words.1 I must remember to get a parcel / packet of sugar on the way home from work. We've run out'2 Fiona loves buying designer clothes despite the high prices / costs .3 We found some lovely curtains in the offers / sales last summer.4 'I'd like to pay by cheque / cash if that's acceptable.'5 My grandfather always paid for everything in cash I credit. He didn't even have a cheque book.6 My new MP3 player didn't work properly and when I went back to the shop they gave me a(n)

refund / exchange .

7 Ltthe company does well, then we give our employees a bargain / bonus at Christmas'8 The washing instructions on the ticket / label said that the jacket was machine-washable.

a the surface of the Earthb persuadec instruments which show us north, south, east, west, etcd succeed in doing somethinge amazing;very cleverf decide how good or important something isg taken the troubleh a person who has studied the lawi someone who works with someone elsej small pieces of thin plastic that you put on your eyes to see better

uNlr 9 ln-Store lnnovation" @

t2

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FO ur,rrr 9 tn-stone lnnovarions

Gl Complete the sentences with these prepositions. You need to use some of them more than once.for from

Where did Leonardo Da Vinci come ?I'm going to speak to an interior designer to get some adviceliving room.

how to redecorate my

3

4

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Marion bought plastic covers to protect her garden furniture the rain.

Which computer you decide to buy really depends what you want it for.l've always been very interested

time. It was really interesting.

Grammqr Link

Look at these examples from the letters.You couldn't help me to convince him, could you? (letter A)There are a lot, aren't there? (letter A)Thqt protect our feet {rom the ground, don't they? (letter C)

onofln

1

2

Have you made a list what we need at the DIY store?

new inventions.

You were wrong about that exhibition being a waste

That's a great idea your sister,s birthday.

We make questionthe main verb is

tags with an auxiliary verb and a pronoun. we use a positive question tag when. We use a negative question tag when the main verb is

__

Which punctuation mark do we use to separate the sentence from the question form?

study 9.1 of the Grammar Reference on page 1g1 before you do the task.

reI Complete the sentences with question tags.He gave the children good advice,

Everyone must do a science project,There aren't many people without mobile phones nowadays,Lend me your laptop,

__

Einstein must have been clever.

Christopher had a good idea for an invention,He can't pretend it was his invention,

She should ask the lawyer about it,

Look at this example from the letters.Wat do other readers think?What is the main verb in this question?Is other readers the subject or the object of this verb?So, does the question word What ask about the subject or the object of the verb?Look at this example from the letters.Who ... was the greatest inventor of all time?What is the main verb in this question?Does the question word Who ask about the subject or the object of the verb?

When the question word asks about thethe question form.When the question word asks about the

of a sentence, the word order changes to

of a sentence, the word order doesn't change.

fll Make questions so that the answers are the words in bold.Michael wants to buy a computer.

He must do the shopping after work today.

1

2

The Earl of Sandwich invented the sandwich.

The antique dealer has a sale on this week.

8 This invention is the best in the competition.

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These books belong to Terry.

Polly rang Sarah last night.

Kate wrote a letter to get advice.

Study 9.2 of the Grammar Reference on page 181 before you do the task.

C'UNIT 9 [n-Stone lnnovatians

,lLook at this example from the letters.Can you imagine what ffi would be like if nobody had bothered?The phrase Can you imagine is used to introduce the direct question. Complete the direct question.What if nobody had bothered?Look at this example from the letters.I wonder if your dad has thought about that?Complete the direct question.

about that?Which word do we use when there isn't a question word in the direct question?Which phrase introduces the direct question here?What happens to the word order of a direct question when it becomes an indirect question?

Study 9.3 of the Grammar reference on page 181 before you do the task.

Il Change the direct questions into indirect questions. Begin with the words given.1 What is his latest invention?

Do vou know2 How fast was the first computer?

I wonder if you could tell me3 When was the aeroplane invented?

Could you please tell me4 Should we buy him a new

I wonderDVD player?

5 Shall we callI would like

the lawyer?to know

Look at these examples from the letters.Wouldnl it be tenible if that happened?Isn't that amazing?Does Gilbert expect Nancy and Nigel to agree or to disagree with him?

Study 9.4 of the Grammar Reference on page 182 before you do the task.

!! Make negative questions for these situations.['m sure you would like to visit the Science Museum.

I was sure you wanted to come shopping last Saturday.

3 I know you could lend me the money until Friday.

4 I think she likes shopping on the Internet.

Cal uNrr 9 ln-Store lnnovations

$peaking Link

st1on. Student ADo you enjoy shopping? WhyAMhy not?Is there any kind of shopping that you do not enjoy?Do you like the shops in your area?When you go shopping for new clothes, who do you usually go with? Why?

Student BSome teenagers say that shopping is more than just buying things; it's time tohave fun with their friends. What do you think? Why?What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of shopping on the Internet?How do you think shopping habits will change in the future?

5 Listen to this conversation. How does theman feel?a amusedb irritatedc surprisedThis man and woman are driving in thecountryside. How does the man feel?a nelvousb annoyedc amazedA man and woman are talking about the attitudeof some people. What kind of people are theyreferring to?a shop assistantsb customersc store ownersListen to this conversation in a department store.The woman isa impatient.b uncooperative.c guilty.

[| Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions.

f=u=t"rrt,+,g.!inrf! You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8, choose the correct answer

a,borc.1 Listen to a man talking to a shop assistant. Why

is he grateful to her?a He's going to get his money back.b She will let him exchange the shirt.c He can have store credit for a month.Listen to this man and woman talking. Whatdoes he think about shopping on the Internet?a He does all his shopping on the Internet.b It's convenient for some items.c It's funny shopping on the Internet.Listen to this conversation between two peopledesigning a TV advertisement. The womanthinks the man's ideas area exciting.b rather dull.c childish.A couple are talking about a coat the man hasjust bought.Why does the woman begin tofeel a little less upset?a The man recently found a better job.b The coat really suits the man.c There is a special payment plan.

UNIT 9 ln-Store Innovation" @

Writing Linkln this unit, you are going to tearn to write an essay giving your opinion about something. Read the qsome people prefer fo shop in smatl towns, while others like to use huge supermarkets orhypermarkets. your teacher has asked you to write an essay giving your opinion.

El somebody has made the list of points below about small shops and hypermarkets. Decide which pointsare advantages and which are disadvantages. rtrenieao the essay oelo* to see which ones have beenused.

SqallsA"Ts llyTerqarte*severything under one roofcheap

uruJ{Iy on.b rua.hud b) .arbusy

fev specia.{ offersnew products

Even though my mother uses small local shops, in my opinion, hypermarkets are much better placesto shop in.The great thing about hypermarkets is that you can buy virtualry anything there. They sell everythingfrom food to toys' Some of them even have nice clothes these days. They-also have a wider range ofproducts

- you can choose from ten different brands of coffee at the hypermarket, whereas in ourlocal shop there are only two kinds.

Another advantage of large superctores is that their prices are usually cheaper. when my mum goesshopping, she has to pay more because all the shops i, or, town are smalr.some people say that local shops are convenient, and hypermarkets are often a long way frompeople's homes' Even so, I think it's worth making trre eitort to drive out to them. It,s betterfr?T;ff":ith

the car any^/ay because it means you don't have to carry hear,y shopping bags all theIn conclusion, I think shopping is so much easier and more fun at a hypermarket.

near to horeexoensive

frlend.{y staffnot tuch choice

EI Now write your essay giving your opinion. Use the hints and the oufline to hetp you. (160-1g0 words)*{eNYS

ln lhis kind of essoy, il's o good ideo to use personql exomptes to illustroleyour essoy ond to odd slrength to your orgument.

Paragraph 1Paragraphs 2-4

Paragraph 5

Say what your general opinion is.Give reasons for your opinion, saying whatdisadvantages are. Discuss a different pointSum up what you think.

the advantages andin each paragraph.

i@ urur g ln-gtore tnnovations

The Things They Do for UsLearning Link

In this unit you will learn'words and phrases to help you talk about voluntary organisations

and people who do things for the communi[2.o to compare and contrast photographs showing different peopre workingfor the community and to give your opinion a"bout the 3ots tiley oo.r to write a description of a person.o to use reported speech and reporting verbs.

What is voluntary work?Why is it important for people to do voluntary work?Which voluntary organisations exist in your country?

What kind of voluntary work do you think youwould most like to do, and why?

=l

R;UI the question.which points

ls have been

g Discuss these questions with a partner.tter places

everything- range ofs in our

num goes

'om

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rs all the

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O words)

UNIT 10 The Things They Do ror Us Gl_-

Read igg*Li*"

:tnie;:iit::oiif ,,iiiaryiaw

dfeam camd; tiue., they decided to try and.help:otherchildren too, andrthat was the beginnfng af Make-e-A

families with children who are really ill to enjoy themsand laugh together. They often feel sad a lot of the time,'Sophia. 'A Make-A-Wish volunteer visirs the families and

explained Sophia.

their families a special, happy tirne, iSometimes it,s hard

Sophia. 'A Mal@-A-Wish volunteer'visits the families andthe child what they would wish for if they could have anyin the world.' Sophiasaid the volunteers wereimportant because theywere the ones who helpedto make the wishes cometrue. They do this either byproviding things that arenecessary, like plane ticketsor equipment, or by raisingmoney or helping out inwhatever way they can.

We wondered what things the children wished for. Did athem want to meet somebody famous? Sophia agreed tlof children did ask to do this. But she said other childrento own something special or go somewhere, and sonlike Chris, wanted to be a different person or do afor a day. 'Whatever the child's wish is, Make-A;.make it real for them,' she said. l

,1* {Lt-t'i*

So, how did Sophia become a volunteer? She toldto ring lhe Make-A-Wkh officr in Alhens to seinformation. She said she'd become a rolunteei {i1ry! an! that she was glad to be.doing somethiry tochildren's wishes come true. Sophia sugestd thatpeople could also volunteer.

Make-A-Wish says that nithqn the help of volunteetsilSophia they would not be able to pedorm these ,miraeled.children. Why not see if there's sanething you can do 1oFor more information see rrrr_rrifr_ory and www.wor6Dish:.

GI Read the article quickly and find out when and where Make-A-Wish first started.

Filttd,out all a.!9ut wlty volunteers are important forwith Sophia Giorgi.When 19-year-old Sophia Giorgi said she was rhinking ofvolunteering to help the Make-A-Wish Foundation, nobodyunderstood what she was talking about. But Sophia knewjust how important Make-A-W*h could be beiause this

special organisation had helped to make adream come true for one of her best friends.We were interested in finding out more, so wewent along to meet Sophia and listen to whatshe had to say.

Sophia said that the previous year Make-A-Wishhad helped her best friend, Andreas, whowas seventeen years old and had been ill fora long time. 'Andreas had always wanted tobe a pilot, but he knew it probably wasn't

possible because of his illness,' explained Sophia.'But, thanks to the Make-A-Wish Foundation in

Greece, Andreas had a brilliant day at the AraxosAir Base. He flew in a helicopter and learnt allabout war planes.' Sophia said one of the pilotshad spent a lot of time with Andreas, answeringhis questions and explaining things to him. Andreascertainly had a day to remember, and Make-A-Wishhas helped nearly 90 other children in Greece to'live'their dreams.

But what exactly is Make-A-Wisft? Sophiatold us that Make-A-Wish is a worldwideorganisation which started in the United States

in 1980. 'lt's a charity which helps childrenwho have got very serious, life-threatening

illnesses. Make-A-Wish helps the childrento feel happy even though they are ill,

by making their wishes and dreamscome true,' Sophia explained.

We asked Sophia howMake-A-lVish hadfirst started. Shesaid it had all begunwith a very sickyoung boy calledChris, who hadbeen dreamingfor a long timeof becoming apoliceman.

S_gp!,iu said lots of people had wanted to find a way to miC.hds:!:Afeati corrre,.fiue::: so,

-*ith evpgy6,odyis' h&p, rChdnl1,'seve!,years old af the time, had Ueeu a poliC.errarl,a day. 'When people saw how delighted Chrii was when

When we asked Sophia if she corrld exp-lain how Makn4-Wworked, she told us the Foundation ffies to give children art,:

[ 82 ] UNIT 10 The Things They Do for Us

Iryiew

ruy tohelp,rcemanlrs when'hiother sict

Ve-A-Wistt.

al@-A-I44shtildren and's hard forrhemselvestime,'saids and aslae anything

a

bcd

abcd

ab

c

d

had the idea that beganMake-A-Wish.was the fkst childMake-A-Wish helped afterit had been set up.gave people the idea of startingMake-A-Wsh.wanted people to help him to make hisdream come true.

Make-A-Wish volunteers visit children and theirfamilies toa find out what the child's wish is.b make the child happy.c make the family feel special.d see if the child is feeling sad.Volunteers are importan t for Make-A-Wishbecause theya decide if the wish can come true.b help in lots of ways.c provide all the plane tickets.d know how to make people laugh.Which of these statements about the children-swishes is true?a A11 the children want to meet famous people.b Most of the wishes involve owning somethure.c Lots of the children wonder whatlo wish tbrld Children often want to meet someone

special.

When did Sophia become a volunteer for Make_A-Wish?a on the day she first contacted the foundation.b before she first contacted the foundation.c approximately aweek after she first contactccl

the foundation.d a few weeks after she had first helped a chi.ld

for the foundatiorr.

Voca.pr.r!.Ary !=inr

:rs likeles?, f

lil Match the phrasal verbs with their meanings.

I2

3

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8

get throughhear fromhelp outjoin inlook afterput throughput up withset up

a help somebody in a difficult situationb make contact with on the phonec connect one person with another on the phoned have news frome start a company, an organisationf tolerate; standg care forh be part of

$| Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs from task E.1 This charity was in 1970 in London, but now it has offices in other

European cities as well.2 So, come along to the park on Sunday and

will go to Save the Children.Many women in the village for a couple of hours a week at the charity shop.Have youI don't think I'd make a very goodpeople all day.

Jeremy since he started his new job at the Bank of England?3

4

5

@| Use the words in capitals at the end of each sentence to make words which fit in the spaces.Are you interested in doing any

_ work? VOLUNTEER

3 This is responsible for providing elderly people with help around thehome. ORGANISE

Taking parcels to the post office is not my RESPONSIBI,EPeople are so generous. We raised a(n) amount of money at ourcharity dance. BELIEI,E

UNICEF is a worldwideThe local library has a completeThis is a(n) airline. We fly all over the world. NATIOT{

I've been ringing the library allGail couldn'tso she reported him to the police.

8 Good morning. Please could youdepartment?

nurse because I wouldn't like to

morning and still can'ther neighbour's loud music night after

the fun! All the monev raised

. It's really annoying.night,

sick

6

7

4

5

me to the X-ray

1

2

6

7

8

Mary works with children who have life-threatening ,LL

CIURITABLEof his novels. COLLECT

G4_,] uNlT 10 The Things They Do for us

.*LinI(

Look at this example from the article.... Sophia Giorgi said she was thinking of volunteering to help ...Is this an example of direct speech or reported speech?What were Sophia's actual words?Look at this example from the article.Sophia said that the previous year Make-A-Wish had helped her best friend, ...What were Sophia's actual words?Look at this example from the article.Sophia told us that Make-A-Wish is a worldwide organisation which started in the United States in 1980.Is what Sophia said still true today?What were Sophia's actual words?

When we report speech, we usually change verb tenses and some other words. However, if what weare reporting is still true, we don't make changes.Look at this sentence from the article.We asked Sophia how Make-A-Wish had first started.Is this an example of a direct question or a reported question?What kind of word comes after the question word how?Look at this example from the article.... we asked Sophia if she could explain how Make-A-Wish worked, ...What word is used when there is no question word?What other word can be used when there is no question word?

Study 10.1 and 10.2 of the Grammar Reference on pages L82-183 before you do the task.

;ed

hop.?

k

ring.

Gl Rewrite each of the sentences in reported speech. More than one answer may be possible.'You can catch the bus for the town centre every hour,'he said.He said

2 'What time does the post office open on a Saturday?' Henry asked.Henry asked

_

David said, 'I'm going to join Greenpeace next week.'l)avid told us'Maria, can you explain how the organisation works?'we asked.We asked Maria'What did you say to the policeman when he stopped you?' asked my mother.Mv mother asked'I'll ring the fire brigade now!' John said.John said'I saw a programme about this organisation two days ago,' said Miriam.Miriam said'Do you want to go to the charity dance tomorrow?' Martin asked.Martin asked her

3

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I

UNIT 10 The Things They Do for Us @

7Look at this example from the article.She said it had all begun with a very sickyoung boy called Chris, ...

What reporting verb is used here?Find other examples of reported speech in the article which use a reporting verb other than say,ask or tell. Underline them.

Study 10.3 of the Grammar Reference on page 184 before you do the task.

tl Report each of the sentences below practising different reporting verbs.'Well done. You raised the most money,' said Angela to us.Angela congratulated

2 'Shall I telephone a taxi for you?' said the nurse.The nurse offered

'You damaged these books,'the librarian said to the schoolThe librarian accused

boys.

'I have decided to give you my support,' said the politician.The politician decided

'I am sorry that I was late for our meeting,' said the bank manager.The bank manager apologised

'Why don't the children collectSusan suggested

money for the poor?' Susan said.

I 86 I UNIT 10 The Things They Do for Us

I pe_?.fd.ng Lj-qkWork with a partner. One of you should look at photographs A and B and the other at C and D.Compare and contrast them and say how important these people are to the community.Thendiscuss the questions below.

Which of these jobs do you think should get the highest salary? Why?

You will hear part of a radio interview with Steve, a publicFor questions 1-10, complete the sentences.

Public employees are also called civil

Steve works at the (f::l

employee.

f"{ X ft,YSln lhis losk, incorrect sPelling isnot usuolly penolised if lhe wordis underslondoble. However, ifthe spelling of o specific wotdis o key poinl lhen il must beoccurote. For exomPle,'Thot'sClorke, wilh on e - C-L-A-R-K-E.'

He is a head

He says he is

officer.for four different things.

The second area of responsibility he mentions is the storage of

He is also in charge of new officers.

Steve feels the most stressful task is the of the money.

, he changes the route immediately.

as an example of something that makes him uneasy.If he notices anythingSteve uses two people

He savs that someone in this position must be very

UNIT 10 The Things They Eo tor us G7l

Writing Linkln this unit, you are going to learn to write a description of a person.

!! Read the question and complete the description with the prepositions in the box. You need to usesome of them more than once.lmagine you have just been in hospital. Describe one of the doctors or nulses who looked after you.It might be somebody who was really nice, or it could be somebody who was not pteasant at alti

about

I have recently been (1) hospital and while I was there, I met someextremely nice people. But there was one nurse I met who was absolutely awful.This nurse, whose name was Karen, was actually quite pretty to look (2)She had curly black hair and big blue eyes. when I first saw her, I felt sure shewould be a lovely person. How wrong I was!

Karen was often bad-tempered and rude (3) all the patients. It was as if she thought itwas our fault we were ill. She shouted (4) everybody, including the other nurses. She hadno respect (5)

_ anybody.

If she ever had to do anything for us, like helping us to get out (6) bed, she was reallyrough. She actually made one lady cry because she was so unkind (7) her. I was reallyangrywith her (8) doing that.I can't think of arything nice to say (9)

tooffor tnat

it certainly didn't seem like it (10) me.never meet her again!

this person. Maybe she was a very good nurse, butOne thing I can say about Karen is that I hope I

Uf Now write your description of a person. Use the hints and the outline to hetp you. (160-1g0 words)ffi!ri*Ts

When describing people, lhink oboul'

iheir oppeoronce (foce, body, clothes, elc).. lheil ottitude ond behoviour.. their good ond bod points.. whoi you liked most/leost oboul lhem.

3I

TITEI

Paragraph 1Paragraph 2Paragraph 3Paragraph 4Paragraph 5

Introduce the person you are going to write about.Describe the person's appearance.Say something about their behaviour.Write about other things the person did or said.Try to make a final comment about the person,or sum up what you think of them.

[ 88 , t,NlT 10 The Things They Do for Us

I&II ea The Power of Nature

Learning LinkIn this unit you will learn. words and phrases to help you talk about natural disasters'. to discuss the importance of various items to flood victims and

to decide which three are the most important.. to write a story which begins or ends with given words'. to use who, which, where, when and whose in relative clauses.

OOOOOO

w

lutI

EI Match the natural phenomena to the pictures. Then discuss the questions with a partner.

1

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volcanohurricanetornadoblizzardfloodlightning

Which of these phenomena is the most terrifzing? Why?What is the worst weather you have ever experienced?Describe what happened.

UNIT 11 The trower of s{ature Gil

7Re3ding LinkGI Read the article from the science section of a magazine quickly. What do you think the writer's

message to the readers is?

As hurricane-force winds hit Britain's coasts, John Leavey takes a look at theamazing power of nature.

Im'Now that the human race has made greattechnological and scientific progress and is about toclone whatever or whoever it wants, it is very easy toforget about the forces of nature. t[_] Atthoughthe images of destruction which we have seen onour television screens are horrific, they are, in fact,just the tip of the iceberg compared to what naturecan really do.

Tornadoes, which are the fastest and most violentwinds on earth, can reach speeds of over 500 kph.Qfl Roofs of houses, cars, animals, buses andpeople have been lifted into the air in this way. Thosepeople whose lives have been put at risk by'twisters'have described how helpless they felt in the face ofsuch power.

A tornado is a violently spinning column of air thatcan start to form during a thunderstorm, of whichthere are about 45,000 a day worldwide. Of course,not allthunderstorms bring about tornadoes and notall tornadoes bring about total destruction. The mostdestructive ones occur in lndia, Bangladesh and'Tornado AIley' in the USA. The worst ever 'twister'hit this area in March 1925, when a huge tornadotravelled across Missouri, lllinois and lndiana, killing695 people and injuring a further 2,027. f]A blizzard is another natural phenomenon whichaffects North America. lt is a deadly mixture of wind,snow and freezing temperatures GD Musclesand internal organs then fail to work when thehuman body is exposed to cold temperaturesfor a long time. ln the USA, blizzards are quitecommon, with winds travelling at up to 65 kph.

It is believed that global warming, which iscausing ice caps to melt, will be the cause of more

blizzards in the future. Even Britain mayexperience blizzards as violent as the onewhich hit New York,Washington,Boston,Philadelphia and surrounding areas inJanuary 1996. These cities became completelyparalysed when snow up to 1.2 metres deep andweighing a total of five billion tons covered an area800 km tons. ftfl

Apart from causing death and injury directly.tornadoes and blizzards can also cause floods.Naturally, floods are usually caused by heavyrainfall, but whichever way they are created, theycan be very destructive. The most dangerous anddramatic ones are known as flash floods. ln July1976, hot air blew north from the Gulf of Mexico,bringing huge thunderstorms to the upper sectionof the Big Thompson Canyon, where they released30 cm of rain in four hours. All the mountainstreams filled up and met at the Big ThompsonCanyon. (f_] The water then ftowed throughthe canyon, removing everything in its path, killing145 people and causing damage worth over$40 million. Other floods on record have developedmore slowly but have been equally destructive.

ff-l lf we choose to ignore it and believe we arethe supreme rulers of the planet, we may be in fora big surprise. Remember. lightning can strike twicein the same place.

Go-) ururr 11 ]'he power of Nature

There are five sentences missing from the article. Read through it again and choose from sentencesA-H the one which fits each gup. tt

"r" is one extra sentence that you do not need to use'

Anything in their path can be picked up off the ground and dropped hundreds of metres away'

Scientists who explore the Antarctic have learnt a gteat deal about the Earth's weather systems'

of these. the wind is the most life-threatening part because it removes the heat from its

D This week, however, we have been reminded of what nature can do as hurricane winds continueto cause chaos across the south coast.

wherever we look, we can witness the power of nature in action.

As a result, emergency services could not operate properly, however hard they tried' and more

than 300 people died in the 'safety' of those cities'

Here, the water level rose from 60 cm to seven metres within minutes.

It moved along the ground for an incredible 352km,bringing total destruction wherever it went'

'.-.:3

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Vocabulary Limk

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8

9

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[! Find words and phrases in the article which have the following meanings'

I,

3

4

5

6

7

make an exact copy of a plant or animal (para 1)a small part of something much bigger (para 1)when experiencing (Para 2)turning round and round at high speed (para 3)

ordinary; normal (Para 4)turn from solid to liquid because of a rise in temperature (para 5)

sudden large amounts of water which cover an area ofground that is usuallY dry (Para 6)small rivers (para 6)not pay attention to (Para 7)greatest; most imPortant (Para 7)

UNIT 11 T'he Fower ot lNature Gl

f| Complete the sentences with put or take.That's the end of the news, so let's a look at tomorrow's weather.

This area of the country suffered more damage after the recent floods than all the other areas

together.

Residents of the village pressure on the government to repair the buildings damagedby the hurricane last month.

I'm going to _

advantage of the fine weather and spend the day at the beach.

The heavy rain a stop to us having a barbeque in the garden, so we ate inside instead.

Will the school children part in helping to clear the snow away from garden paths?my advice. Never underestimate the power of nature.

The mountain village was at risk when the volcano started to erupt.

1,,

@| Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs from task F.

Judging by those big black clouds, it looks as if we

These mountain villages

The hot winds that came from Africa

My aunt, who lives in America, has

I'm so fed up. This bad weather

3

4

5

6

7

I

f Match the phrasalverbs below with their meanings.

1 be in for2 bring about3 cut off4 goon5 live through6 pick up

The leaves in the park

a cause to happen

b about to have something happen to youc continue

d lift off a surfacee survive; experience something unpleasant

f make it impossible to reach somebody or something

L

1

3

4

5

6

by the wind and blown around in the air.

a storm.

during the winter when it snows heavily.a rise in temperature in EuroPe.

five earthquakes.

for what seems like weeks.

Gl ur'rlr 11 The Power of Nature

Complete the sentences with these words.

however whatever whenever wherever whichever whoeveryou do, don't go to India in the rainy season.did I put that article about the volcanoes of the world?

Mediterranean country you visit in the summer, you can be sure of warmsunny weather.

hot you feel now, the weathermen say it will be hotter tomorrow.that thunderstorms are exciting has a very different opinion to mine. I'mtold vou

terrified of them!6 We always seem to have bad weather we go on holiday.

I:3

{ad.

Look at these examples from the article.Tomadoes, which are the fastest and most violent winds on eafth,Those people whose lives have been put at risk ...These cities became completely paralysed when snow up to 1.2 metres deep ...... the Big Thompson Canyon, where they released 30 cm of rain in four hours.Scientists who explore the Antarctic have leamt a great deal ...

Which of the words in bold refers toa people?b things?c a place?d time?e belongings?

Study the Grammar Reference for Unit 1L on page 184 before you do the tasks.

!! Complete the paragraph with when, where, which, who and whose.

StormsHalvor Solberg, (1) theories on storm development are worldfamous, came from Scandinavia. Solberg, (2) was Norwegian,was the first person to realise that different kinds of weather arerelated. ln 1,920, he noticed that many storms moved around the earthalong a line (3) separated hot and cold air. He pointed outthat there is the possibility of a great storm (4) the hot andcold air meet. Such storms tend to occur (5)of low-lying land next to the ocean.

there are areas

sE]itk

UNIT 11 The Power ot ltature Gi)

ril !|

Match the beginnings of the sentences to their endings.There are a gteatmany people whoseMost people love the summer whenOne of the things which

The weather forecaster on TV whoI cannot remember where

1

)3

4

5

a the sun is hot and they can lie on the beach all day.b I was during the last solar eclipse.c predicted that it would be fine made a terrible mistake.d makes her feel good is the warmth of the sun.e moods are affected by dffierent kinds of weather.

t

tl| Join the following pairs of sentences, using the relative pronoun or adverb given.The man presents the weather on the TV. He is my best friend,s father. wHo

I visited a place. It was there that I saw a volcano. WHERE

We experienced the tropical storm while we were on holiday in the South pacific. The storm was theworst for many decades. WHICH

The photographer lives in New York. Her photos of the solar eclipse were printed in newspapersall round the world. WHOSE

The men saved many families during the floods. Theywere firemen. wHo

I'll never forget the winter. We moved house even though there was snow on the ground. WHEN

One of the machines measures wind speeds very accurately. The machines are used by theMeteorological Office. WHICH

The scientist has been given an award. The scientist's research into weather patterns has made himfamous. WHOSE

The tornado passed through many major cities. It was very destructive. WHICH

10 This is the area in Asia. They get a lot of deadly floods. WHERE

Gil ,*'t 11 The power of Nature

Link=

You will hear five people talking about their experiences of natural disasters. Choose from the list (a-f)which comment matches what each speaker says. There is one extra letter that you do not need to use.

HINTSOflen o speoker will use o word which oppeors in one of the onswerchoices. Howevel, lhis doesn't necessorily meon thol it is the correctonswer - woil until you hove heqrd oll speokers, lhen check youronswels on the second listening.

l It happenedvery unexpectedly.b People had been given plenty of warning.c No one took the warnings very seriously.d It was the worst event of its kind in recent years.e It might not have been started by natural causes.f It caused irreparable damage.

Link

El lmagine there have been serious floods in another area of your country. Here are some things that canbe sent to help the people who are involved. Discuss why each of these is important and then decidewhich three are most important immediately after the disaster.

'N

lim

BI Read the question.

Speaker 1

Speaker 2

Speaker 3

Speaker 4

Speaker 5

@m@w@mmNow report back to the class.Can you think of any other items that would be important or useful?

Linkln this unit, you are going to learn to write a story which begins or ends with given words.

Your teacher has asked your class to write a story about a terrible storm.Ihe best one will be publishedin the school magazine. The story must begin or end with the following:It was the storm which changed his life.

UNIT 11 The Power ot rvature Gi)

@t ln order to have a good idea for a story which 'fits'with the given sentence, you need to think abouttwo questions:How did the man's life change?How was the storm responsible tor this change?Read the story and find the answers to the two questions.

It was the storm which changed his life. And whenever he remembers the storm, Jeremy thinkshow lucky he is.Five years ago, on a cloudy, moonless night, Jeremy was driving home from work when the :ainbegan. lf] Then the thunder and lightning started. ff---l Jeremy, who wasn't botheredby storms, carried on driving. f]Suddenly, when Jeremy drove round a bend, there it was

- a huge tree trunk straight across

the road. Jeremy guessed it must have been struck by lightning Gfl But it looked as if thedriver ahead of him hadn't been so lucky. Jeremy could see a damaged car underneaththe fallen trunk. sf-]::rt

young woman, Debbie, is now Jeremy's wife, and it's all thanks to the storm!

f,t There are five sentences missing from the story. Read through it again and choose from sentencesa-e the one which fits each gap.

a Fortunately, he was able to stop in time.b He reduced his speed though, as the roads were so wet.c At first it seemed like just another cloudburst, but before long it was pouring

down, making driving extremely difficult.d He rushed over and found that the driver, who was a young woman, wasn't hurt,

only frightened.e There were bright flashes across the sky, quickly followed by deep rumbles.

GI Now write your story which must begin or end with the given words. use the hints and the outtine tohelp you. (160-180 words)r-re&tTs

Remember' lhol when you wriie o story, it's importonl to hove o good beginning ond o good ending..lo give your choroclers nomes.'

thol writing o slory is like pointing o picture wilh words. Try to use oppropriote odjeciives locreole the right otmosphere for your story.

. thol it's YOUR slory -

il con be wholever you wonl it to be.

Paragraph I (Begin with the given words.) Start to introducethe characters and/or plot of your story.

Paragraph 2 and 3 Develop your story -

say what happened, when, how, to whom,and why.

Paragraph 4 Finish off your story -

you could choose a happy ending, a sadone or a funny one. (End with the words given.)

EE

Gol ururr 11 The power of Nature

in

Wish You Were Here!

Learning LinkIn this unit you will learn. words and phrases to help you talk about different kinds of holiday.. to exchange and express opinions about holidays.. to write a transactional letter asking for and giving information.o to use defining and non-defining relative clauses.

f,fscuss these questions with a partner.

What are some of the advantages and disadvantagesof the following methods of holiday transport?

a cruise ship b aeroplane c coachHow would you plan a two-week holiday for you and yourbest friend? Think about your destination, accommodation,type of holiday, facilities, etc.

'.__ -.$ I

UNIT 12 Wish You Were Here, @

Reading LinfGI Read the holiday advertisements quickly and find out why you would probably not choose to visitCambodia in July.

WHappy Hotimyffi

The tiny Cari.bbean island of Antigua,where the sunshine is guaranteed, offors you

crystal-clear waters and faniastio beaches.

Your holiday, which is available from May until October,begins with an eighlhour flight from London. Familyvideos for in-flight viewing, plus first-class meals, makeyour journey a pleasure.The five-star Caribbean Palace Hofel, where you stay for afortnight on a full-board basis, is the best hotel on the island.Other facilities included in the cost of your holiday are:. beach playgrounds;. swimming pools;. a babysitting service;. water sports lessons.Prices: t950 per person per week;

f650 per child (aged 2 to 10) per week;children under 2 travel free.

c Tour Egpt withTutankhamen Travel

Egypt, often called Tke Land af Ttze Plzaraaks,is a great holiday destination.

With all tours and sightseeing trips included inthe overall cost, our holiday is excellent value formoney. In just seven days we take you to the majorEgyptian cities of Alexandria, Cairo, Luxor and Aswan.Naturally, a visit to the pyramids and a trip on the Nileare also on the agenda.

The hotels you stay in are all three star andaccommodation is bed and breakfast, giving you achance to sample local cooking.

Ilriccs:{.550 per person; f275 per child under 12.

Ge] uNlr 12 wish Yeru were $-tere!

lndo-ChinaTravel Company

One country that's now back on the tourist map isCambodia. Our two-centre holiday gives you theopporlunity to sample both the excitement of thecity and the quiet, natural beauty of the coast.

Tip: Remember - the surnmer months are the

rainy season in Cambodia.

ET

D Thaitt(ft+---

11 Chiang, the second city of Thailand,A is often catted the capital of the north.A Some 700 kilometres north ofe Bangkok, Chiang is cool and refreshing' during the hof season.Tours include:. a visit to Wat Chiang Man

- the terrole ihat contains the

magnificent crystal and marble Blc:-as.. a trip to Chiang Mai Zoo - a mcce'- ,',: -(ept zoo, where you

can see over 500 species of ar -as. The Elephant Training Centre - ,,, 3::- :^e men who train the

elephants between 9 anc " i- ?,='. -crning;. Mae Rim Orchid Farm - ,',^:-: .: - >- :rcusands ol rare

flowers.Alltours and entrancefees :': -:

-::: - :^: crice of the holiday.Accommodation is in:u:'.i-:::' l- i-- ','. Temple Hotel on ahalf-board basis,Prices: !1500 per pers:- -l:-'- :=' -- : -rder 10) for twoweeks.

tji@ff'Be@EooifrfrrnEfiJoin us on a nature andculture tour of Borneo. See thebamboo villages and the paddyfields where rice is grown. Trekalong the bottom of Mount

l,,KiRahaf U; :tlie highesl. molrntainin Southeast Asia. Ride on the

: .list train in Borneo.,Visit,theRafflesia Centre, where theworld's largest flowersare found.

Borneo Bookings is acompany that you can rely onif you're looking for a uniqueholiday experience.

Prices from f80O per person perweek. fur' more information,call +441727 785 462.

rh,J

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BI

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Gl Read the holiday advertisements again and answer the questions. Choose from paragraphs A-F.According to the adverts, which holiday(s)

includes daily coach journeys?

includes a destination to which not many tourists have been?

includes a train journey?

take visitors to ancient man-made structures?

include full-board accomodation?

might be a good idea for a family with a baby?

gives visitors the chance to see food growing?

includes two meals a day?

includes seeing a huge variety of animals?

promises you a sunny two weeks?

takes visitors to several big cities in the same country?

combines a city centre and a beach holiday?

UNIT 12 Wisll You Were !.Neret @

EI Match the words from the holiday advertisements to their meanings.

1 tiny (advert A)2 pleasure (advert A)3 fortnight (advert A)4 sample (advert B)5 overall (advert C)6 agenda (advert C)7 rare (advert D)8 trek (advert E)9 unique (advert E)10 delicious (advert F)

Vocabulary LinL Slr

atryb uncommonc very smalld one of a kinde something enjoyablef very tastyg fourteen daysh totali walk through the countrysidej programme of things to do

ft| Use the words in capitals at the end of each sentence to make words which fit in the spaces.1On at their hotel, our guests will be given a list of tours available. ARRME

made everyone feel very welcome. RECEPTION

l| Complete the text with these words.accommodation breakfast cruise foreignpassports self-catering sightseeing

guidedweekend

package

Family HolidaysThere's nothing I like better than going off on a holiday with my family. We usually have two or three(1) breaks through the winter and then a longer holiday in the summer.During our weekends away, we enjoy visiting European cities and spend our time going on

in beautiful cities such as Florence,(2) _

tours and (3) --

and Amsterdam. we stay in luxury hotels and either choose just bed and (4)half- board (5)In the summer, we enjoy rather different kinds of holidays. Sometimes we choose a (6)holiday and go with a group of people, but usually we just arrive in a (7) placeand explore it for ourselves. We also prefer to stay in (8)hotel where you have to eat at set times.

apartments rather than a

who knows where we'll end up this summer? Maybe we'll take a (9) in theMediterranean! I don't like to plan things too early. As long as our (10) are ready.it doesn't matter if we make a decision at the last minute.

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

The hotel

After the thirteen-hourOne of the biggest

I saw an offer when I was looking through the travelIt would be aThe island is quiet; there are hardly any tourists and lots of

, we were understandably tred. FLY

of this camping site is the poor shovier facilities. ADVANMin the paper. ADVERTISE

to come and stay with you for a few days. PLEASEbeaches. DISCOtryR

All rooms are cleaned and bed linen is changed twice a week. DAY

Parisor

@il ,*'t 12 Wish You were Here!

@l Complete the sentences with these prepositions. You need to use some of thern more than once.untilbetween for from

1 Olivia said that her holiday to Jamaica was great value

8 I've booked a taxi to take me to the airport because I don't want to relytransport.

ofln under

money.

2 The cost the holiday is {,900 per person and children3 He wants to spend his holiday a deserted beach a tropical island.4 All tours and excursions are included the price of your holiday.5 The travel agent's is closed one and two o'clock for lunch.6 Henry will be touring Europe the end of May the middle of Juli7 You can choose to stay at this hotel a fulI-board basis or, if you prefer, a half-board ba-.s

ten pay half price.

public

,. .IDVANTAGLIDVE,RTISE

:s.

)'DISCOWR

nckage

rro or three[mer.IFlorence, Paris

or

placerts rather than a

_

in theare readr'.

Look at this sentence from advertisement A. It is an example of a non-defining relative clause.The tiny Caribbean island of Antigua, where the sunshine is guaranteed, offers you ctystal-clear n'aten ond

fantastic beaches.

Is the relative clause in bold necessary to be able to understand the main sentence?

Now look at this sentence from advertisement D. It is an example of a defining relative clause.Shianoukville is a place where tourists are still quite an unusaal sight.

Is the relative clause in bold necessary to be able to understand the main sentence?

What difference is there in punctuation between the examples?

-

When the relative clause gives us extra information we use to separate this informatiofrom the rest of the sentence. When the information is necessary we don't use

tt Put commas in the following sentences if they contain non-defining relative clauses.Greece which has many beautiful islands is a very popular holiday destination.The hotel had a large swimming pool and bar where guests could relax.Julian's father who owns a travel agency has arranged our honeymoon.The man who was staying in the room next to ours was from Paris.Star Travel whose holidays are the cheapest has opened two new shops in the town centre.I had a fantastic time when I visited my cousins in America.The sightseeing tour which we eventually chose included lunch at averyThe girl whose luggage was lost made a complaint to the airline.

1

2345678

nlce restaurant.

UNIT 12 Wish You Were Herel 1G

Study the Grammar Reference for Unit 12 onpage 185 before you do the tasks.

!| Join the following pairs of sentences using a relative pronoun or adverb. Use commas where necessary.We went to the island of Corfu. My friend had recommended it to us.

2 We complained to the hotel manager. He refused to give us a refund.

My uncle is a tourist guide. His job involves dealing with clients' problems.

4 Sheila works as an air hostess. She loves her job very much.

I had been looking at holiday brochures. Helen arrived unexpectedly.

6 We flew with the airline. Their prices were the best.

Helen stayed in a small village. My husband and I had stayed there on our honeymoon.

Barcelona is a beautiful city. My cousin works there.

Listening Link=

I

d{I

Il You will hear two friends talking about plans to build a new hotel in their area. For questions 1-8,choose the correct answer, a, b or c.1 Jenny thinks that

a the new hotel will spoil the seaside view.b the new hotel should be purple.c pink is a great colour for the new hotel.

2 Tom thinks thata the hotel won't help the area develop.b Jenny spent too long getting her degree.c Jenny might get a job at the hotel.

3 According to Tom, the hotel developersa have promised to talk to locals.b always talk to locals.c will be meeting with people from

around the country.

4 Jenny believes that business peoplea are always good people.b are only interested in making money.c have great personalities.

The touristsa always spend too much money on holidays.b destroy the local land.c aren't responsible for the problems in the area.The hotel developersa are totally unacceptable, in Tom's opinion.b don't like the owners of the Golden Bay.c also own another big resort in the area.People who live in the local areaa can't visit the Golden Bay resort.b don't dare complain about ary.thing.c are impressed by the developers' rules

and their new policies.

In Jenny's opinion,a all the beaches in the area will be destroyed soon.b the new hotel could bring money into the area.c local people shouldn't work at the new hotel.

Goz) ururr 12 wish You were Here!

LinkWork with a partner.Ask and answer the questions.

H I ltTSBecouse this is o discussion, you musl lislen corefully loyour porlner so lhol you con ogree, disogree or expondon whol he/she hos soid.

What was one of the best holidays you've ever had?Why was it so enjoyable?

How do you think your accommodation might affect a holiday?Do you think it's better to have a holiday in a large city or a quieter area?

What are the advantages and disadvantages ofstudents working during their holidays?

::l Now report back to the class.

Linkln this unit, you are going to learn to write a letter asking for and giving information.

!! Read the question. Then read the advertisement and the notes you have made.You have seen the following advertisement in a newspaper and are rnterested in finding out more.Look at the advertisement and the notes you have made and then write a letter to the company.

UNIT 12 Wish You Were Here, @

El Yt:n you write a letter asking for information, you have to be polite. One way to do this is to useindirect questions. Look back at g.3 of the Grammar Reference on page 181 before you do the task.

I wonder if ...Could you ... ?Do you know... ?Is it possible for you to ... ?Can you let me know if / whether ... ?

Which countries do you visit?

Have you got any more information?

3 What exactly is eco-tourism?

4 What kind of accommodation is available?

How much do the holidavs cost?

6 Where do I go to book one of your holidays?

For q

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Dear SiriMadam,Say where you saw the advert and why you are writing.Ask some general questions about eco-tourism. Ask some more detailedquestions about the holidays.

Give them the information they ask for.Ask them to send you the information you have asked for.Yours faithfully,(your name)

Gf Now-write y-our letter asking for and giving information. Use some of the indirect questions from Task Mand the outline below to help you. Don't forget to include the information they asked for. (160-.1g0 words

GreetingParagraph 1Paragraph 2

Paragraph 3Closing paragraphSigning off

Goi ur,rrr i2 wish You were t{ere!

Vocabulary

For questions 1-1 6, choose the correct answer, a, b, c, or d.

I Take a _

in case you get lost in the forest.a compassb creditc streamd parcel

2 I found a lovely new jacket in thea bargainsb offersc salesd bonus

3 I tried to Henry that his inventionwas a bad idea.A ASSESSb achievec botherd convince

{ Can I pay by , please?a chequeb pricec costd refund

5 C-ould you my cat at the weekend, please?a look afterb put up withc get throughd set up

6 The ice around the world isa spinningb meltingc cloningd performing

7 Make a Wish is aa lawyerb colleaguec charityd pleasure

that helps children.

8 My village getsa picked upb lived throughc cut offd brought about

10

11

I had a great time! It wasa certainlyb nearlyc locallyd exactlyThere was a flasha blizzardb volcanoc lightningd flood

a day to remember.

after the rain.

rsk Mwords) fast.

He didn't want to speak to Sally, so heher.

a sampledb raisedc ignoredd volunteered

t2 You can only see the of the icebcrg.a canyonb columnc tipd cap

13 The food in our hotel wasa deliciousb delightedc commond supreme

14 I went for a in the mountains yesterday.a trainb trekc groundd visit

15 Our _

in Amsterdam was self-catering.a packageb agendac cruised accommodation

L6 Go to Egypt for a totally _ _

holiday.a uniqueb rarec tinyd previous

whenever it snows.

REVIEW 3 Units s-rz GOi

rammar

For questions 1-16, choose the correct answer, a, b, c, or d.

I There are so many people with mobile phonesthese days, ?a aren't theyb aren't therec don't theyd aren't we

when the next train is, please?Could you tell meCan you let meI would likeI wonder if

You couldn't help me with my invention, 11you?

couldcandidare

The volunteer wasn't sure. but said sheto help out.

a couldb might be able toc wouldd mustDan told me go exploring in the rainforest.a not tob don'tc wouldn'td not

6 The manager apologised being late. 14atob forc thatdonPeter said that

_ to quit his job for

months before he actually did it.a he plansb he is planningc he will be planningd he had been planningRon

__ Kay on her new job.

a offeredb refusedc blamedd congratulated

I was during the

climbed Everest last year.

house was destroved in

10

I can't rememberlast earthquake.a whereb whosec whichd whoShe's the womana whenb whoc whosed whichThat is the familythe tornado.a whoseb whoc whend where

a

bc

d

abC

d

15

We couldn't leave the housestreet flooded.a , whichb whosec , whend whenThey said the tour guide was meeting usa tomorrowb the following dayc the day afterd the day beforeWho to come to my party?a does wantb wantsc wantd to wantMy mother travels a lot, hasvisited fifty countries.a whob whichc whered ,whoHe asked

_

a where the hotel wasb where was the hotelc if was the hoteld whether the hotel was

Goo) nevrew 3 Units e-l2

16