linguistic survery of phong language in lao...

Linguistic Survey of

Phong Language in Lao P. D. R.

by Takashi Kato

2013 RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR LANGUAGES AND

CULTURES OF ASIA AND AFRICA (ILCAA) TOKYO

Copyright ⓒ 2013 by Takashi Kato

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FOR ALL COUNTRIES AND AREAS 版權所有不准翻印

No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the Publisher. Published by the Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA)

3-11-1, Asahicho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo, 183-8534 JAPAN. Tel: +81-(0)42-330-5600 http://www.aa.tufs.ac.jp/

Printed in Japan by Nihon Root Print & Publishing Co. Ltd.

First edition December 2013 ISBN 978-4-86337-150-7

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research

(21720139) of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. In conducting fieldwork in Lao P.D.R., I received assistance from Ministry of

Information, Culture and Tourism, Department of Information, Culture, and Tourism at Huaphan Province, Offices of Information, Culture, and Tourism at Huamuang and Samnua Districts.

I wish to express my gratitude to Mr. Virachit Philaphandeth, President of Foundation for Cultural Promotion, who has supported my fieldwork in Lao P.D.R. in many respects.

Last but not least, I would like to thank all the linguistic consultants who taught me their languages.

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i

CONTENTS iii

INTRODUCTION v

(1) Phong Piat 1

(2) Phong Tapuang 21

(3) Phong Pung 41

(4) Phong Phen 61

(5) Phong Lan 81

INTRODUCTION

This study is word lists of five varieties of Phong language as spoken in Huaphan Province, Lao P.D.R. The total population of Phong in Laos in 2005 is 26,314, approximately fifty percent of whom lives in Huaphan Province, twenty percent in Siangkhwang Province, and twenty percent in Bolikhamsai Province. Phong is one of the 49 officially recognized ethnic groups in Laos and four subgroups are officially listed: Phong Piat, Phong Capuang (Phong Tapuang in this study), Phong Fen (Phong Phen), and Phong Lan. This work deals with four varieties of these subgroups and a variety of Phong Pung, which is locally recognized as a subgroup of Phong. All these varieties belong to Khmuic branch of Mon-Khmer family. Based on the linguistic data of Phong I collected in Huaphan, Siangkhwang, and Bolikhamsai Provinces, it is likely that Phong in Huaphan and Siangkhwang Provinces belongs to Khmuic branch and Phong in Bolikhamsai Province to Vietic branch. The data is presented according to a word list that Professor Tadahiko Shintani made.

016(1). teeth(2) (131086(3)) (L(4))khëëwH3(5) (S(6))khew;(7) (B(8))swa:(9) riiŋ (10) (1) serial number (2) meaning (3) code used in The Mun Language of Hainan Island (T.L.A. SHINTANI & Zh. YANG, ILCAA, Tokyo, 1990) (4) Lao (5) corresponding form in Lao (6) Shan (7) corresponding form in Shan (8) Burmese (9) corresponding form in Burmese (10) form in the language in question

Phong Piat Autonym: kniəŋ Consultant: Soncan Sex: Male Year of birth: 1962 Place of birth: Salui Village, Samnua District, Huaphan Province Place of interview: Salui Village, Samnua District, Huaphan Province Initial Consonants: p t c[ʨ] k ʔ ph[pʰ] th[tʰ] kh[kʰ] b d ɟ[ʥ] ɡ s[s, ɕ] m n ɲ ŋ l r w j Vowels (Monophthongs): i ɨ u e ə o ɛ ɔ

a

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001. body hair (131002) (L)khonH1 (S)khon (B)a.'mwe: ksɔk 002. skin (131003) (L)phiwH1 / hnangH1 (S)nang (B)a.'re ktɔh 003. bone (131006) (L)kaMs'duukMl (S)lup, / luk, (B)a.'ro: siʔiiŋ 004. blood (131011) (L)lüatLl (S)lät; (B)swe: miim 005. tears (131013) (L)namL3'taaM1 (S)nam.'taa (B)myëk'reny ʔaŋ mat 006. sweat (131014) (L)hüaH2 (S)hä, (B)khywe: trʔɔh 007. head (131029) (L)huaH1 (S)ho (B)khaung: / u:'khaung: klii, ɔɔk 008. hair (131032) (L)phomH1 (S)khon'ho (B)chaM'ping ksɔk klii 009. face (131041) (L)hnaaH3 / baüM1'hnaaH3 (S)naa; (B)myëk'hna ruup 010. eyebrow (131042) (L)khiwL3(taaM1) (S)khiw.'taa (B)myëk'khoun:'mwe: kpɨr 011. eyes (131043) (L)taaM1 (S)taa (B)myëk'ci. mat 012. ears (131059) (L)huuH1 (S)hu (B)na: kɤt 013. nose (131065) (L)dangM1 (S)khu;'lang (B)hna'khaung: mɔh 014. mouth (131074) (L)paakMl / sopHs (S)sop: (B)pa:'cap paaŋ 015. tongue (131077) (L)linL3 (S)lin. (B)hlya taak 016. teeth (131086) (L)khëëwH3 (S)khew; (B)swa: riiŋ 017. beard / mustache (131097 / 98) (L)hnuatHl / khawL1 (S)not, (B)mout'cheit'mwe: / hnout'kham:'mwe: ksɔk paaŋ

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018. neck (131105) (L)khööL1 (S)khö: (B)lëny'ping: kluul 019. shoulder (131109) (L)baaM2'hlayH2 (S)ho'maa, (B)pa.'khouM: knaaŋ 020. hand (131111) (L)müüL1 (S)mü: (B)lëk tɨɨi 021. right-hand (131112) (L)müüL1'khwaaH1 (S)mü:'khwaa (B)nya'lëk tɨɨi bɨŋ sam 022. left-hand (131113) (L)müüL1'saayL3 (S)mü:'saay. (B)bhë'lëk tɨɨi bɨŋ duok 023. arm (131114) (L)khëënH1 (S)khën'mü: (B)lëk'maung: waak 024. elbow (131115) (L)khëënH1'söökHl (S)sök,'mü: (B)ta.'taung'chic ktaŋ 025. palm (131121) (L)faaH2'müüL1 (S)phaa,'mü: (B)lëk’pha.'wa: tpɔh tɨɨi 026. finger (131122) (L)niiwL3 (S)niw.'mü: (B)lëk'khyaung: rmuəs 027. fingernail (131127) (L)lepLs'müüL1 (S)nep.'mü: (B)lëk'sëny: kɨr 028. breast (131140) (L)tawM3'nomL1 (S)taw;'nom: (B)ring'sa: / no.'ouM ʔɔɔɛ 029. nipple (131141) (L)huaH1'nomL1 (S)tin,'nom: (B)no.'si: 030. waist (131146) (L)saHs'phookLl / ëëwM1 (S)ew (B)kha: kɔɔɛ 031.belly (131147) (L)thööngL3 / puumM1 (S)töng. / pum

(B)baik / wum:'baik pul 032. navel (131148) (L)saayH1'büüM1 (S)saay'li / saay'lü (B)khyëk / khyëk'pauk srpuu 033. buttocks (131158) (L)konM3 (S)kon; (B)phing luur 034. feces (131159) (L)khiiH3 (S)khi; (B)kying:'kri: / khyi: / ma.'cing ʔiək

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035. to defecate (131160) (L)khiiH3 / payM1'khiiH3 (S)khi; (B)khyi:'pa'siny 036. urine (131161) (L)nyiawL2 (S)yew; (B)se: / chi: nom 037. to urinate (131162) (L)nyiawL2 / payM1'nyiawL2 (S)yew; (B)se:'pauk'siny / chi:'swa:'siny 038. to expel intestinal gas (131164) (L)totMs (S)tot: (B)i:'pauk'siny / le'lëny'siny pom 039. to give birth (131179) (L)käätMl'luukLl / öökMI'luukLl (S)kät, (B)mwe:'siny / phwa:'siny / mwe:'phwa:'siny kɨɨt kuən 040. leg (131184) (L)khaaH1 (S)khaa (B)khri plɨɨo 041. foot (131190) (L)tiinM1 (S)tin'khaa (B)khri'thauk ksaŋ 042. back (131205) (L)hlangH1 (S)san'lang (B)kyö: / kyö:'koun: knduui 043. to see, to look (132009) (L)henH1 / bängM2 (S)han / toy: (B)mring'si / kri.'siny mɔh, bɨɨŋ 044. to hear, to listen (132020) (L)nyinL1 / fangL1 (S)ngin: / tham, (B)kra:'siny / na:'thaung'siny diəm, taŋal 045. to eat (132028) (L)kinM1 (S)kin (B)ca:'siny saa 046. to drink (132029) (L)kinM1 / düümM2(namL3) (S)kin (B)sauk'siny siəŋ 047. to bite (132031) (L)katMs / khopHs (S)khop: (B)kaik'siny jah 048. to hold with the hand (132070) (L)thüüH1 (S)yip: (B)kaing'siny raŋ 049. to put, to place in / on (132090) (L)vaangL1 (S)way. (B)tha.'siny dɨɨi

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050. to push (132106) (L)sukLs'nyuuL3 (S)i: (B)tun:'siny ɲuu 051. to pull (132107) (L)düngL1 / laakLl / këëM2 (S)can / tüt. (B)chwë:'siny kndɛɲ 052. to throw (132138) (L)nyoonL1 / khwaangH2 (S)thim; (B)pic'siny dɔh 053. to pick up (132153) (L)kepMs (S)kep: (B)kauk'siny ʔaat 054. to ladle (132160) (L)takMs'namL3 (S)tak:'nam. (B)re'khap'siny bat ʔaŋ 055. to run (132170) (L)lënL2 (S)lën; / ën, (B)pre:'siny pas 056. to sit (132178) (L)nangL2 (S)nang; (B)thaing'siny ɟɨɨk 057. to stand up (132182) (L)yüünM1'khünH3 (S)luk. (B)tha.'siny ɲɔŋ 058. to cough (132213) (L)ayM1 (S)ay (B)khyaung:'cho:'siny tuur 059. 1 (260019) (L)hnüngH2 (S)nüng; (B)tic baʔ ʔan 060. 2 (260020) (L)sööngH1 (S)söng (B)hnic baar 061. 3 (260021) (L)saamH1 (S)saam (B)souM: piə 062. 4 (260022) (L)siiH2 (S)si, (B)le: pon 063. 5 (260023) (L)haaH3 (S)haa; (B)nga: baʔ bɨəŋ tɨɨi 064. 6 (260024) (L)hokHs (S)hok: (B)khrauk bopʔuə 065. 7 (260025) (L)cetMs (S)cet: (B)khu.nic bəɟiət 066. 8 (260026) (L)pëëtMl (S)pët, (B)hric bətet 067. 9 (260027) (L)kawM3 (S)kaw; (B)ko: boprom

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068. 10 (260028) (L)sipHs (S)sip: (B)ta.'chë baar bɨəŋ tɨɨi 069. 11 (260052) (L)sipHs'etMs (S)sip:'et: (B)chë.'tic 070. 12 (260053) (L)sipHs'sööngH1 (S)sip:'söng (B)chë.'hnic 071. sky (011001) (L)faaL3 (S)töng.'phaa. (B)kaung:'king rtuoŋ 072. sun (011005) (L)taaM1'venL1 (S)wan: (B)ne pasŋee 073. moon (011011) (L)düanM1 / duangM1'düanM1 (S)län (B)la.'ming: pakikɔɔŋ 074. star (011016) (L)duangM1'daawM1 (S)laaw (B)krë pakluc 075. wind (011027) (L)lomL1 (S)lom: (B)le wɨɨr 076. rain (011036) (L)fonH1 (S)phon (B)mo: ɟar 077. it rains (011037) (L)fonH1'tokMs (S)phon'tok: (B)mo:'rwa'siny ɟar kmii 078. lightning strikes (011064) (L)faaL3'phaaH2 (S)phaa.'lang (B)mo:'kro: phii pdaa sah 079. it thunders (011065) (L)faaL3'hööngL3 (S)phaa.'phaa, (B)mo:'kro:'pic'siny trɔɔŋ kɨɨr 080. soil, earth (012007) (L)dinM1 (S)lin (B)mre ptiə 081. stone (012010) (L)köönM3'hinH1 / hmaakHl'hinH1 (S)maak,'hin (B)kyauk / kyauk'khë: kliiŋ 082. hill, mountain (012014) (L)phuuL1 (S)löy (B)taung knɨɨŋ 083. water (012032) (L)namL3 (S)nam. (B)re ʔaŋ 084. lake (012063) (L)hnööngH1 / büngM1 (S)nöng (B)kan tmboŋ

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085. river (012064) (L)mëëL2'namL3 (S)nam.'më; (B)mric rɔɔŋ 086. fire (012098) (L)fayL1 (S)phay: (B)mi: ʔɔs 087. smoke (012106) (L)khwanL1'fayL1 (S)kwaan: / kön: / kan: (B)mi:'kho: tɨwɨl 088. house (060007) (L)hüanL1 (S)hän: (B)eim ɟɨŋ 089. roof (061012) (L)hlangH1'khaaL1 (S)lang'khaa: (B)eim'mo: kndɔh ɟɨŋ 090. pillar (061015) (L)sawH1 (S)saw (B)taing sraŋ 091. mat (072005) (L)saatHl (S)saat, (B)phya laat 092. comforter (072006) (L)phaaH3'homH2 (S)phaa;'hom, (B)gum:'kap situk 093. pillow (072014) (L)hmöönH1 (S)mön'ho (B)khaung:'ouM: tŋgiil 094. mosquito net (072017) (L)mungL3 (S)sut: (B)khring'thaung sut 095. knife (073004) (L)miitLl (S)mit; (B)dha: raa 096. to cut (073095) (L)tatMs (S)tat: (B)phrat'siny sikam 097. tail (020004) (L)haangH1 (S)haang (B)a.'mri: ktaa 098. horn (020009) (L)khawH1 (S)khaw (B)khyo ktuoŋ 099. tiger (021002) (L)süaH1 (S)sä (B)kya: rwaai 100. elephant (021010) (L)saangL3 (S)caang. (B)ching tijaaŋ 101. mouse (021022) (L)hnuuH1 (S)nu (B)krwëk kniə 102. bird (022001) (L)nokLs (S)nok. (B)hngëk som

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103. to fly (022002) (L)binM1 (S)min (B)pyaM'siny par 104. egg (022010) (L)khayH2 (S)khay, (B)u. plee 105. crow (022015) (L)kaaM1 (S)kaa'lam (B)kyi: / kyi:'kan: ʔaak 106. buffalo (023004) (L)khwaayL1 (S)kwaay: (B)kywë: slɨɨo 107. cattle (023005) (L)nguaL1 (S)wo: (B)nwa: sŋɡoo 108. pig (023008) (L)hmuuH1 (S)mu (B)wëk siɲ 109. horse (023016) (L)maaL3 (S)maa. (B)mring: rmaa 110. dog (023020) (L)hmaaH1 (S)maa (B)khwe: suə 111. cat (023024) (L)mëëwL1 (S)mëw: (B)kraung ŋeo 112. chicken (023026) (L)kayM2 (S)kay, (B)krëk ʔiər 113. duck (023042) (L)petMs (S)pet: (B)bhë: kaap 114. bee (024008) (L)phängH3 (S)phüng; (B)pya: buut 115. fly (024020) (L)mëëngL1'vanL1 (S)mëng:'mon: (B)ying'kaung muəs 116. mosquito (024025) (L)nyungL1 (S)yung: (B)khring ŋɔɔŋ 117. ant (024035) (L)motLs (S)mot. (B)pu.'rwëk'cheit moc 118. snake (024042) (L)nguuL1 (S)ngu: (B)mrwe mar 119. fish (025001) (L)paaM1 (S)paa (B)nga: kaa 120. shrimp (025030) (L)kungM3 (S)kung; (B)pu.'cun kuŋ

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121. crab (025034) (L)puuM1 (S)pu (B)ga.'Nan: baraap 122. frog (025051) (L)kopMs (S)kop: / khet, (B)pha: kop 123. to fish with a rod (026015) (L)tükMs'betMs (S)wet:'paa / met:'paa (B)nga:'hmya:'siny ɟɔŋ tbas 124. to kill (026026) (L)khaaH3 (S)hëm (B)sat'siny kmbɨɨl 125. seed (030003) (L)këënM2 (S)cä. (B)a.'ci. kluəŋ 126. tree (030008) (L)tonM3'mayL3 / kokMs'mayL3 (S)ton;'may.

(B)sic'ping lam sʔoŋ 127. leaf (030021) (L)baüM1'mayL3 (S)maü'may. (B)a.'rwëk tɨɨo sʔoŋ 128. flower (030024) (L)döökMl'mayL3 (S)mök,'may. (B)pan: plaaŋ sʔoŋ 129. bean (030044) (L)hmaakHl'thuaH2 (S)tho, (B)pë: taai 130. bamboo (031004) (L)mayL3'phayH2 / mayL3'pööngM2 (S)may. (B)wa:'ping mai phai 131. paddy plant (033003) (L)tonM3'khawH3 (S)ton;'khaw; (B)kauk'ping / ca.'pa:'ping lam paa 132. rice (033008) (L)khawH3 (S)khaw; (B)ca.'pa: / chan paa 133. sesame (034049) (L)ngaaL1 (S)ngaa: (B)hnam: lŋaa 134. ginger (034063) (L)khingH1 (S)khing (B)gying: / khying: kiɲ 135. banana (035027) (L)kuayM3 (S)koy; (B)hngëk'pyö:'si: praat 136. sugar cane (035041) (L)ööyM3 (S)öy; (B)kraM klmii

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137.betel nut (035042) (L)hmaakHl'khiawL3 (S)maak,'mu. (B)kum:.'si: 138. to plant (036002) (L)puukMl (S)phuk, (B)caik'siny tɨɨl 139. plow (036012) (L)thayH1 (S)thay (B)thë thai 140. irrigated field (036016) (L)naaL1 (S)naa: (B)lë ktiiŋ 141. upland field (999999) (L)hayL2 (S)hay; (B)ya'khing: / caik'khing: lɛɲ 142. oil (044002) (L)namL3'manL1 (S)nam.'man: (B)chi ŋaar 143. salt (044005) (L)küaM1 (S)kä (B)cha: ʔiɲ 144. sugar (044010) (L)namL3'taanM1 (S)kä'waan (B)sa.'kra: ʔaŋ klmii 145. chilli (999999) (L)hmaakHl'phetHs (S)maak,'phit. (B)nga.'rout’si: pree 146. tea (045002) (L)saaL1 (S)nam.'neng; / nam.'laa. (B)re'nwe:'kram: / lëk'phëk're'kram: saa, cɛɛ, miəŋ 147. wine (045004) (L)hlawH3 (S)law; (B)a.'rëk puui 148. cigarette / tobacco (045009) (L)yaaM1'duutMl / yaaM1'suupHl (S)len:'yaa; (B)che.'leip ɟaa duut 149. to cook rice (046001) (L)hungH1'khawH3 / hnüngH3'khawH3 (S)hung'khaw; (B)tha.'ming:'khyëk'siny / tha.'ming:'tiny'siny ʔuul paa 150. firewood (046022) (L)füünL1 (S)phün: (B)thing: pan ʔɔs 151. pot (046040) (L)hmööH3 (S)mö; (B)o: təluok 152. to boil (046072) (L)tomM3 (S)tom; (B)kyo'siny / khyëk'siny / prout'siny tom

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153. to roast (046084) (L)piingM3 / ciiM2 (S)ping; (B)king'siny tkaap 154. cloth (051001) (L)phëënH2'phëëL1 (S)phaa; (B)a.'thëny phɛn phɛɛ 155. to sew (051031) (L)nyipLs (S)yep. (B)khyoup'siny swiis 156. needle (051037) (L)khemH1 (S)khem (B)ap srmuui 157. thread (051042) (L)hmayH1'nyipLs (S)may (B)khyiny pan swiis 158. to wash clothes (051063) (L)sakLs'khüangL2 (S)sak.'kho: (B)a.wut'hlyö'siny pɔh 159. clothes (052001) (L)khüangL2'nungL2 (S)sä;'phaa; (B)a.'wut'a.'ca: krɨəŋ tɔk sat 160. to wear (052002) (L)nungL2 / saüH2 (S)nung; (B)wut'siny baʔ 161. to undress (052003) (L)këëM3'khüangL2 / thaayH2'khüangL2 (S)thöt,'kho: (B)khyut'siny wit 162. road (081007) (L)honH1'thaangL1 (S)taang: (B)lam: kruŋ 163. village (081027) (L)baanM3 (S)waan; (B)rwa duəŋ 164. to buy (091003) (L)süüL3 (S)sü. (B)wë'siny leək 165. to sell (091004) (L)khaayH1 (S)khaay (B)raung:'siny suok 166. market (092003) (L)taMs'hlaatHl (S)kaat, (B)zhe: talaat 167. money (093001) (L)ngänL1 (S)ngün: (B)ngwe ŋɨɨn 168. to speak (101009) (L)paakMl / vawL3 (S)laat; (B)prö:'siny maai 169. to ask (101012) (L)thaamH1 (S)thaam (B)me:'siny tɨɨn

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170. to answer (101013) (L)tööpMl (S)töp, (B)phre'siny tɔɔp 171. to call (101018) (L)änM3 (S)höng. (B)khö'siny plduoŋ 172. — language (101038) (L)phaaL1'saaH1 — / khamL1'vawL3 — (S)kwaam

(B) — bha'sa maai kniəŋ (Phong language) 173. to write (111049) (L)khianH1 (S)tëm; (B)re:'siny khiən 174. paper (112001) (L)ciaM3 (S)ce; (B)cëk'ku ciə 175. to stick (112034) (L)titMs (S)tit: (B)kap'siny patet 176. to play (113001) (L)hliinH3 (S)len; (B)ka.'ca:'siny kwaa 177. song (113045) (L)phengL1 (S)kwaam: (B)si'khying: / te: khap 178. to get tired (141012) (L)müayL2 (S)hä. (B)ping'pan:'siny ʔit 179. to rest (141013) (L)sawL1'müayL2 / phakLs'phöönH2 (S)yang.'hä. / lü.'hä. (B)na:'siny phak phɔɔn 180. to sleep (141014) (L)nöönL1 (S)nön:'lap: (B)eip'pyö'siny jɨɨp 181. to die (141022) (L)taayM1 (S)taay (B)se'siny bɨɨl 182. age (141029) (L)aaM1'nyuLs (S)a.,saak, (B)a.'sëk ʔaɲuʔ 183. to be ill (142001/2) (L)penM1'khayH3 / cepMs'puayM2 (S)mi:'taang:'khay;'taang:'pen (B)phya:'na'siny pɨh 184. painful (142007) (L)cepMs (S)cep: (B)na'siny soo 185. to hiccough (142021) (L)saHs'äkMs (S)khi;'ä. (B)kro.'tho:'siny saʔək

13

186. to burp (142022) (L)üamM3 (S)saa.' ä. (B)le'tëk'siny kndɨr 187. louse (142063) (L)hawH1 (S)haw (B)san: see 188. medicine (143009) (L)yaaM1 (S)yaa;'yaa (B)che: rɔk mai 189. bow (144013) (L)thaLs'nuuL1 / hnaaH3 (S)kaang, (B)le: snaa 190. arrow (144014) (L)luukLl'söönH1 / luukLl'hnaaH3 (S)pün'kaang, (B)le:'mra: kam 191. name (151003) (L)süüL2 (S)cü; (B)na'miny pnii 192. father (152018) (L)phööL2 (S)u; / pö; (B)a.'phe juoŋ 193. mother (152020) (L)mëëL2 (S)më; (B)a.'me nuu 194. husband (152050) (L)phuaH1 (S)pho (B)yauk'kya: mɔh juoŋ 195. wife (152051) (L)miaL1 (S)më: (B)za.'ni: / mein:'ma. kuui 196. son (152080) (L)luukLl'saayL1 (S)luk;'caay: (B)sa: kuən knɔh juoŋ 197. daughter (152085) (L)luukLl'saawH1 (S)luk;'ying: (B)sa.'mi: kuən knɔh kuui 198. child (160002) (L)dekMs'nööyL3 (S)luk;'ön, (B)ka.'le: kuən 199. male / man (160006) (L)phuuH3'saayL1 (S)phu;'caay: (B)a.'myo:'sa: knɔh juoŋ 200. female / woman (160010) (L)phuuH3'nyingL1 / mëëL2'nyingL1 (S)phu;'ying: (B)a.'myo:'sa.'mi: knɔh kuui 201. man / human being (160041) (L)khonL1 (S)kon: (B)lu pram 202. — people (160062) (L)phawH2 — (S)kon: — (B) — lu'myo: thai kniəŋ (Phong people)

14

203. to meet with (181084) (L)phopLs / phööL3 (S)thop: (B)twe.'chouM'siny cuəp 204. to wait for (181092) (L)thaaH3 / lööL1'thaaH3 (S)paü. (B)caung.'siny kom 205. to give to (181094) (L)awM1'haüH3 / haüH3 (S)pan (B)pe:'siny maa 206. to use (182001) (L)saüL3 (S)caü. (B)souM:'siny səh 207. to look for (182008) (L)söökLl'haaH1 (S)haa (B)hra'siny sɔʔ bɨɨŋ 208. to laugh (191003) (L)huaH1 (hiL1 'hiL1) (S)kho (B)rë(ri)'siny / rë(ri)'maung'siny kriis 209. to love (191018) (L)hakLs (S)hak. (B)khyic'siny hak 210. to fear, to be afraid of (191034) (L)yaanM3 (S)ko (B)krauk'siny tuŋ 211. to be frightened (191036) (L)tokMs'caüM1 / tüünM2 (S)tok:'caü (B)aM.'siny / lan.'siny ktan 212. to know (192008) (L)huuL3 (S)hu. (B)si.'siny diəm 213. to remember (192023) (L)cüüM2 / cüüM2'dayM3 (S)töng: (B)hmat'mi.'siny cɨɨ 214. to forget (192024) (L)lüümL1 (S)lüm: (B)me.'siny jɛt 215. cold (201002) (L)yenM1 / hnaawH1 (S)yen / kat: (B)e:'siny / khyam:'siny ɟen 216. hot (201004) (L)höönL3 (S)may; / hön. (B)pu'siny taat 217. hungry (201011) (L)hiwH1 / yaakMl'khawH3

(S)töng.'may;'khaw; / yaak,'khaw; (B)tha.'ming:'cha'siny soo paa

15

218. thirsty (201012) (L)yaakMl'namL3 (S)khö:'hëng; / töng.'may;'nam. (B)re'ngat'siny / taung.'ta.'siny soo ʔaŋ 219. drunk (201017) (L)mawL1 (S)maw: (B)mu:'siny ʔiir 220. delicious (202001) (L)sëëpLl (S)kin'waan / li'kin (B)ca:'lo.'kaung:'siny ceəp 221. sweet (202003) (L)hvaanH1 (S)waan (B)khyo'siny siɔ 222. sour (202005) (L)somH3 (S)som; (B)khyiñ'siny sat 223. pepper-hot (202007) (L)phetHs (S)phet: (B)cap'siny ʔiim 224. salty (202010) (L)khemL1 (S)cem: (B)ngan'siny khem 225. thing (204004) (L)khüangL2'khööngH1 (S)kho: (B)pic'ciny: krɨəŋ 226. big (204005) (L)hnyaüH2 (S)yaü, (B)kri:'siny tuui 227. small (204007) (L)nööyL3 (S)lek. (B)ngë'siny kɔɔn 228. tall, high (204009) (L)suungH1 (S)sung (B)mring.'siny suuŋ 229. low (204010) (L)tamM2 (S)tëm, (B)neim.'siny tam 230. long (204012) (L)nyaawL1 (S)yaaw: (B)hreny'siny liəŋ 231. short (204013) (L)sanH3 (S)pöt: (B)to'siny kɛc 232. broad, wide (204016) (L)kwaangM3 (S)kwaang; (B)kyë'siny kwaaŋ 233. narrow (204017) (L)khëëpLl (S)këp; (B)kyiñ'siny khɛɛp 234. thick (204018) (L)hnaaH1 (S)naa (B)thu'siny ban

16

235. thin (204019) (L)baangM1 (S)waang (B)pa:'siny kdaa 236. deep (204020) (L)läkLs (S)lük. (B)nëk'siny lək 237. shallow (204021) (L)tüünM3 (S)tün; (B)teim'siny tɨɨn 238. round (204023) (L)monL1 (S)mon: / kom (B)waing:'siny um lum 239. color (204057) (L)siiH1 (S)si (B)a.'raung sii 240. red (204062) (L)dëëngM1 (S)lëng (B)a.'ni ksor 241. yellow (204063) (L)hlüangH1 (S)läng (B)a.'wa ksaai 242. blue (204064) (L)siiH1'faaL3 / siiH1'namL3'ngänL1 (S)si'som; (B)a.'pra ksɨɨŋ 243. white (204065) (L)khaawH1 (S)khaaw (B)a.'phru luk 244. black (204066) (L)damM1 (S)lam (B)a.'nëk jam 245. green (204072) (L)khiawH1 (S)khew (B)a.'ceim:'raung ksɨɨŋ 246. sound, noise (205001) (L)siangH1 (S)seng (B)a.'saM siəŋ 247. light (210001) (L)bawM1 (S)waw (B)pö.'siny kɟiil 248. heavy (210002) (L)hnakHs (S)nak: (B)le:'siny kɟɨh 249. dry (210007) (L)hëëngH3 (S)hëng; (B)khrauk'siny pah 250. wet (210008) (L)piakMl (S)yam: (B)co'siny bɔk 251. soft (210010) (L)öönM2 / numL3 (S)on; (B)pyö.'siny kɟɨɨm 252. hard (210011) (L)khëëngH1 (S)khëng (B)ma'kyö:'siny kraŋ

17

253. full (210028) (L)temM1 (S)tem (B)pri.'siny / pre.'siny kbiə 254. new (210036) (L)hmaüH2 (S)maü, (B)sic'siny tmiə 255. old (210037) (L)kawM2 (S)kaw, (B)haung:'siny prom 256. raw (210049) (L)dipMs (S)lip: (B)ceim:'siny ris 257. done, ripe (210050) (L)sukHs (S)suk: (B)hmëny.'siny kɨn 258. good (210065) (L)diiM1 (S)li (B)kaung:'siny lɨɨi 259. bad (210066) (L)suaL2 (S)am,'li / haay. (B)cho:'siny sree 260. difficult (210079) (L)nyaakLl (S)yaap, (B)khëk'siny lmbaak 261. easy (210080) (L)ngaayL2 (S)ngaay; (B)lwë'siny ŋaai 262. expensive (210083) (L)phëëngL1 / laaL1'khaaL1'suungH1 (S)kaa;'pëng:

(B)zhe:'kri:'siny kɟɨh 263. cheap (210083) (L)thüükHl (S)thuk, (B)zhe:'pö.'siny / zhe:'khyo'siny kɟiil 264. clean (210086) (L)saHs'aatMl (S)mot:'saü (B)san.'hring:'siny saʔaat 265. dirty (210087) (L)püanM3 (S)ko;'käk, (B)nyic'pat'siny pɨən 266. quick, fast (210090) (L)vayL1 (S)way: (B)mran'siny wai 267. slow (210091) (L)saaL3 (S)thäng: (B)hne:'siny ʔɨŋ 268. fat (210110) (L)tuyM3 (S)pi: (B)wa.'siny tuui 269. thin (210112) (L)cööyM2 (S)yöm (B)pein'siny guor

18

270. old of age (210114) (L)thawH3 / këëM2 (S)kë, (B)a.'sëk'kri:'siny riəh 271. young of age (210115) (L)hnumH2 (S)num, (B)a.'sëk'ngë'siny nɨm 272. year (230010) (L)piiM1 (S)pi (B)hnic pii 273. this year (230012) (L)piiM1'niiL3 (S)pi'nay. (B)di'hnic lwaaŋ ʔee 274. last year (230015) (L)piiM1'kaayM1 (S)pi'kaay (B)ma.'hnic'ka. ŋɔl waaŋ 275. next year (230013) (L)piiM1'hnaaH3 (S)pi'te'maa: / pi'naa; (B)naung'hnic ʔɔl waaŋ 276. month (230044) (L)düanM1 (S)län (B)la. dɨən 277. this month (230048) (L)düanM1'niiL3 (S)län'nay. (B)di'la. dɨən mee 278. last month (230049) (L)düanM1'lëwL3 (S)län'kaay (B)a.'ring'la. dɨən kiil 279. next month (230050) (L)düanM1'hnaaH3 (S)län'te'maa: (B)nauk'la. dɨən tmiə 280. today (230057) (L)müüL3'niiL3 (S)mä;'nay. (B)di'ne. / di'ka.'ne. mai tɨɨ 281. yesterday (230061) (L)müüiL3'vaanL1'niiL3 (S)mä;'waa: (B)ma.'ne.'ka. tisiŋee 282. tomorrow (230058) (L)müüL3'üünM2 (S)mä;'phuk; (B)ma.'nëk'phran rooŋ ʔuəs 283. morning (230079) (L)töönM1'sawL3 (S)kaang'naü (B)ma.'nëk tɔɔn uəs 284. noon (230081) (L)töönM1'svaayH1 (S)kaang'wan:'teng; (B)ne.'khing: / ne.'lë ʔasiŋee 285. evening (230084) (L)töönM1'lëëngL1 (S)ho'kham; (B)nya.'ne karsoɲ 286. night (230085) (L)kaangM1'khüünL1 / däkMs (S)kaang'khün: (B)nya. ʔaasoɲ

19

287. above (241015) (L)yuuM2'thängL1 (S)nä (B)a.'thëk taŋ tul 288. below (241018) (L)yuuM2'lumL2 / köönM3 (S)taü; (B)auk taŋ sul 289. far (241039) (L)kayM1 (S)kay (B)we:'siny liəŋ 290. near (241040) (L)kaüM3 (S)cam (B)ni:'siny kdiəh 291. to come (242007) (L)maaL1 (S)maa: (B)la'siny wɨɨt 292. to go (242008) (L)payM1 (S)kwaa, (B)swa:'siny ɲaan 293. to enter (242011) (L)khawH3 (S)khaw; (B)wing'siny doo 294. to exit (242012) (L)öökMl (S)ök, (B)thwëk'siny lɔh 295. I (270001) (L)khööyH3 (S)kaw'khaa; (B)kyun'tö / kyun'ma. ɲɔɔ 296. you, thou (270002) (L)cawM3 (S)su'caw; (B)khing'bya: / hring: mɨɨ 297. he, she (270003) (L)laawL1 / manL1 (S)man: (B)su dɛɛ 298. we (270008) (L)phuakLl'hawL1 / phuakLl'khööyH3 (S)haw: (B)kyun'tö'to. / kyun'ma.'to. ʔaʔiə 299. you, ye (270006) (L)phuakLl'cawM3 (S)su (B)khing'bya:'to. / hring:'to. biə 300. they (270007) (L)phuakLl'laawL1 / phuakLl'khawH1 / khawH1'cawM3 (S)khaw (B)su'to. 301. I am — (250001) (L)khööyH3'penM1'khonL1 / phawH2 —

(S)kaw'khaa;'pen'kon: — (B)kyun'tö / kyun'ma. — lu'myo:'phric'siny

ɲɔɔ tɔh thai kniəŋ. (I am Phong.)

20

302. I am not — (250008) (L)khööyH3'bööM2'mëënL2'khonL1 / phawH2 — (S)kaw'khaa;'am,'caü;kon: — (B)kyun'tö / kyun'ma. — lu'myo:'ma.'hout'bhu:

ɲɔɔ ci mɛn mɛɛo. (I am not Hmong.) 303. I have — (250003) (L)khööyH3'miiL1 — (S)kaw'khaa;'mi: —

(B)kyun'tö / kyun'ma. — hri.'siny‘' ɲɔɔ ʔuui kuən baar khon. (I have two children.)

Phong Tapuang Autonym: kniəŋ Consultant: Phansai Sex: Male Year of birth: 1979 Place of birth: Naa ngiu Village, Huamuang District, Huaphan Province Place of interview: Naa ngiu Village, Huamuang District, Huaphan Province Initial Consonants: p t c[ʨ] k ʔ ph[pʰ] th[tʰ] kh[kʰ] b d ɟ[ʥ] ɡ s[s, ɕ] m n ɲ ŋ l r w j Vowels (Monophthongs): i ɨ u e ə o ɛ ɔ

a

22

001. body hair (131002) (L)khonH1 (S)khon (B)a.'mwe: ksɔʔ 002. skin (131003) (L)phiwH1 / hnangH1 (S)nang (B)a.'re ktɔɔh 003. bone (131006) (L)kaMs'duukMl (S)lup, / luk, (B)a.'ro: siʔiiŋ 004. blood (131011) (L)lüatLl (S)lät; (B)swe: miim 005. tears (131013) (L)namL3'taaM1 (S)nam.'taa (B)myëk'reny paʔaŋ mat 006. sweat (131014) (L)hüaH2 (S)hä, (B)khywe: srʔot 007. head (131029) (L)huaH1 (S)ho (B)khaung: / u:'khaung: ʔoʔ 008. hair (131032) (L)phomH1 (S)khon'ho (B)chaM'ping ksɔʔ klii 009. face (131041) (L)hnaaH3 / baüM1'hnaaH3 (S)naa; (B)myëk'hna roop 010. eyebrow (131042) (L)khiwL3(taaM1) (S)khiw.'taa (B)myëk'khoun:'mwe: tpɨr mat 011. eyes (131043) (L)taaM1 (S)taa (B)myëk'ci. mat 012. ears (131059) (L)huuH1 (S)hu (B)na: kət 013. nose (131065) (L)dangM1 (S)khu;'lang (B)hna'khaung: mɔɔh 014. mouth (131074) (L)paakMl / sopHs (S)sop: (B)pa:'cap paaŋ 015. tongue (131077) (L)linL3 (S)lin. (B)hlya taaʔ 016. teeth (131086) (L)khëëwH3 (S)khew; (B)swa: riiŋ 017. beard / mustache (131097 / 98) (L)hnuatHl / khawL1 (S)not, (B)mout'cheit'mwe: / hnout'kham:'mwe: ksɔʔ paaŋ

23

018. neck (131105) (L)khööL1 (S)khö: (B)lëny'ping: kruu 019. shoulder (131109) (L)baaM2'hlayH2 (S)ho'maa, (B)pa.'khouM: waaʔ 020. hand (131111) (L)müüL1 (S)mü: (B)lëk tɨɨi 021. right-hand (131112) (L)müüL1'khwaaH1 (S)mü:'khwaa (B)nya'lëk bɨŋ sam 022. left-hand (131113) (L)müüL1'saayL3 (S)mü:'saay. (B)bhë'lëk bɨŋ doʔ 023. arm (131114) (L)khëënH1 (S)khën'mü: (B)lëk'maung: tliio 024. elbow (131115) (L)khëënH1'söökHl (S)sök,'mü: (B)ta.'taung'chic toŋ tas 025. palm (131121) (L)faaH2'müüL1 (S)phaa,'mü: (B)lëk’pha.'wa: rpaaŋ tɨɨi 026. finger (131122) (L)niiwL3 (S)niw.'mü: (B)lëk'khyaung: rmuus 027. fingernail (131127) (L)lepLs'müüL1 (S)nep.'mü: (B)lëk'sëny: kɨr 028. breast (131140) (L)tawM3'nomL1 (S)taw;'nom: (B)ring'sa: / no.'ouM tɔɔh 029. nipple (131141) (L)huaH1'nomL1 (S)tin,'nom: (B)no.'si: cɔɔŋ tɔɔh 030. waist (131146) (L)saHs'phookLl / ëëwM1 (S)ew (B)kha: ʔɛɛo 031.belly (131147) (L)thööngL3 / puumM1 (S)töng. / pum

(B)baik / wum:'baik pul 032. navel (131148) (L)saayH1'büüM1 (S)saay'li / saay'lü (B)khyëk / khyëk'pauk srpuu 033. buttocks (131158) (L)konM3 (S)kon; (B)phing luu 034. feces (131159) (L)khiiH3 (S)khi; (B)kying:'kri: / khyi: / ma.'cing ʔiəʔ

24

035. to defecate (131160) (L)khiiH3 / payM1'khiiH3 (S)khi; (B)khyi:'pa'siny 036. urine (131161) (L)nyiawL2 (S)yew; (B)se: / chi: prdɨɨm 037. to urinate (131162) (L)nyiawL2 / payM1'nyiawL2 (S)yew; (B)se:'pauk'siny / chi:'swa:'siny 038. to expel intestinal gas (131164) (L)totMs (S)tot: (B)i:'pauk'siny / le'lëny'siny pom 039. to give birth (131179) (L)käätMl'luukLl / öökMI'luukLl (S)kät, (B)mwe:'siny / phwa:'siny / mwe:'phwa:'siny kɨɨt kuun 040. leg (131184) (L)khaaH1 (S)khaa (B)khri pləəo 041. foot (131190) (L)tiinM1 (S)tin'khaa (B)khri'thauk rpaaŋ ɟiŋ 042. back (131205) (L) hlangH1 (S)san'lang (B)kyö: / kyö:'koun: kndooi 043. to see, to look (132009) (L)henH1 / bängM2 (S)han / toy: (B)mring'si / kri.'siny moh, kat 044. to hear, to listen (132020) (L)nyinL1 / fangL1 (S)ngin: / tham, (B)kra:'siny / na:'thaung'siny buət, faŋ 045. to eat (132028) (L)kinM1 (S)kin (B)ca:'siny saa 046. to drink (132029) (L)kinM1 / düümM2(namL3) (S)kin (B)sauk'siny siəŋ 047. to bite (132031) (L)katMs / khopHs (S)khop: (B)kaik'siny jah 048. to hold with the hand (132070) (L)thüüH1 (S)yip: (B)kaing'siny been, raŋ 049. to put, to place in / on (132090) (L)vaangL1 (S)way. (B)tha.'siny waaŋ

25

050. to push (132106) (L)sukLs'nyuuL3 (S)i: (B)tun:'siny knɲul 051. to pull (132107) (L)düngL1 / laakLl / këëM2 (S)can / tüt. (B)chwë:'siny kndom 052. to throw (132138) (L)nyoonL1 / khwaangH2 (S)thim; (B)pic'siny doh 053. to pick up (132153) (L)kepMs (S)kep: (B)kauk'siny ʔaat 054. to ladle (132160) (L)takMs'namL3 (S)tak:'nam. (B)re'khap'siny taʔ paʔaŋ, bat paʔaŋ 055. to run (132170) (L)lënL2 (S)lën; / ën, (B)pre:'siny pas 056. to sit (132178) (L)nangL2 (S)nang; (B)thaing'siny ɟɨɨʔ 057. to stand up (132182) (L)yüünM1'khünH3 (S)luk. (B)tha.'siny liiʔ ɲɔɔŋ 058. to cough (132213) (L)ayM1 (S)ay (B)khyaung:'cho:'siny toor 059. 1 (260019) (L)hnüngH2 (S)nüng; (B)tic ba ʔan 060. 2 (260020) (L)sööngH1 (S)söng (B)hnic sɔɔŋ 061. 3 (260021) (L)saamH1 (S)saam (B)souM: saam 062. 4 (260022) (L)siiH2 (S)si, (B)le: sii 063. 5 (260023) (L)haaH3 (S)haa; (B)nga: haa 064. 6 (260024) (L)hokHs (S)hok: (B)khrauk hok 065. 7 (260025) (L)cetMs (S)cet: (B)khu.nic cet 066. 8 (260026) (L)pëëtMl (S)pët, (B)hric pɛɛt 067. 9 (260027) (L)kawM3 (S)kaw; (B)ko: kao

26

068. 10 (260028) (L)sipHs (S)sip: (B)ta.'chë sip 069. 11 (260052) (L)sipHs'etMs (S)sip:'et: (B)chë.'tic sip ʔet 070. 12 (260053) (L)sipHs'sööngH1 (S)sip:'söng (B)chë.'hnic sip sɔɔŋ 071. sky (011001) (L)faaL3 (S)töng.'phaa. (B)kaung:'king tooŋ 072. sun (011005) (L)taaM1'venL1 (S)wan: (B)ne sŋai 073. moon (011011) (L)düanM1 / duangM1'düanM1 (S)län (B)la.'ming: kii 074. star (011016) (L)duangM1'daawM1 (S)laaw (B)krë kluc 075. wind (011027) (L)lomL1 (S)lom: (B)le wɨɨr 076. rain (011036) (L)fonH1 (S)phon (B)mo: ɟar 077. it rains (011037) (L)fonH1'tokMs (S)phon'tok: (B)mo:'rwa'siny ɟar kmii 078. lightning strikes (011064) (L)faaL3'phaaH2 (S)phaa.'lang (B)mo:'kro: phii bdaa sah 079. it thunders (011065) (L)faaL3'hööngL3 (S)phaa.'phaa, (B)mo:'kro:'pic'siny trɔɔŋ kɨɨr 080. soil, earth (012007) (L)dinM1 (S)lin (B)mre tpɨi 081. stone (012010) (L)köönM3'hinH1 / hmaakHl'hinH1 (S)maak,'hin (B)kyauk / kyauk'khë: kliiŋ 082. hill, mountain (012014) (L)phuuL1 (S)löy (B)taung ɡuuŋ 083. water (012032) (L)namL3 (S)nam. (B)re paʔaŋ 084. lake (012063) (L)hnööngH1 / büngM1 (S)nöng (B)kan slɔɔŋ

27

085. river (012064) (L)mëëL2'namL3 (S)nam.'më; (B)mric rɔɔŋ paʔaŋ 086. fire (012098) (L)fayL1 (S)phay: (B)mi: ʔos 087. smoke (012106) (L)khwanL1'fayL1 (S)kwaan: / kön: / kan: (B)mi:'kho: ptuəʔ ʔos 088. house (060007) (L)hüanL1 (S)hän: (B)eim ɟiiŋ 089. roof (061012) (L)hlangH1'khaaL1 (S)lang'khaa: (B)eim'mo: kooŋ ɟiiŋ 090. pillar (061015) (L)sawH1 (S)saw (B)taing sraŋ 091. mat (072005) (L)saatHl (S)saat, (B)phya laat 092. comforter (072006) (L)phaaH3'homH2 (S)phaa;'hom, (B)gum:'kap ktuʔ 093. pillow (072014) (L)hmöönH1 (S)mön'ho (B)khaung:'ouM: tŋɡeel 094. mosquito net (072017) (L)mungL3 (S)sut: (B)khring'thaung sut 095. knife (073004) (L)miitLl (S)mit; (B)dha: raa 096. to cut (073095) (L)tatMs (S)tat: (B)phrat'siny kap 097. tail (020004) (L)haangH1 (S)haang (B)a.'mri: raam 098. horn (020009) (L)khawH1 (S)khaw (B)khyo ktooŋ 099. tiger (021002) (L)süaH1 (S)sä (B)kya: rwaai 100. elephant (021010) (L)saangL3 (S)caang. (B)ching dɟaaŋ 101. mouse (021022) (L)hnuuH1 (S)nu (B)krwëk knɨi 102. bird (022001) (L)nokLs (S)nok. (B)hngëk som

28

103. to fly (022002) (L)binM1 (S)min (B)pyaM'siny baŋ 104. egg (022010) (L)khayH2 (S)khay, (B)u. plai 105. crow (022015) (L)kaaM1 (S)kaa'lam (B)kyi: / kyi:'kan: ʔaaʔ 106. buffalo (023004) (L)khwaayL1 (S)kwaay: (B)kywë: sləəo 107. cattle (023005) (L)nguaL1 (S)wo: (B)nwa: sŋɡɔɔ 108. pig (023008) (L)hmuuH1 (S)mu (B)wëk siɲ 109. horse (023016) (L)maaL3 (S)maa. (B)mring: rmaa 110. dog (023020) (L)hmaaH1 (S)maa (B)khwe: soo 111. cat (023024) (L)mëëwL1 (S)mëw: (B)kraung mɛɛo 112. chicken (023026) (L)kayM2 (S)kay, (B)krëk ʔiər 113. duck (023042) (L)petMs (S)pet: (B)bhë: kaap 114. bee (024008) (L)phängH3 (S)phüng; (B)pya: buut 115. fly (024020) (L)mëëngL1'vanL1 (S)mëng:'mon: (B)ying'kaung muəs 116. mosquito (024025) (L)nyungL1 (S)yung: (B)khring ŋɔɔŋ 117. ant (024035) (L)motLs (S)mot. (B)pu.'rwëk'cheit moc 118. snake (024042) (L)nguuL1 (S)ngu: (B)mrwe mar 119. fish (025001) (L)paaM1 (S)paa (B)nga: kaa 120. shrimp (025030) (L)kungM3 (S)kung; (B)pu.'cun kuŋ

29

121. crab (025034) (L)puuM1 (S)pu (B)ga.'Nan: raap 122. frog (025051) (L)kopMs (S)kop: / khet, (B)pha: ɡdaʔ 123. to fish with a rod (026015) (L)tükMs'betMs (S)wet:'paa / met:'paa (B)nga:'hmya:'siny ɟɔŋ dbas 124. to kill (026026) (L)khaaH3 (S)hëm (B)sat'siny kmbɨɨl 125. seed (030003) (L)këënM2 (S)cä. (B)a.'ci. kluəŋ 126. tree (030008) (L)tonM3'mayL3 / kokMs'mayL3 (S)ton;'may.

(B)sic'ping kok suʔuŋ, lam suʔuŋ 127. leaf (030021) (L)baüM1'mayL3 (S)maü'may. (B)a.'rwëk təəo suʔuŋ 128. flower (030024) (L)döökMl'mayL3 (S)mök,'may. (B)pan: plaaŋ suʔuŋ 129. bean (030044) (L)hmaakHl'thuaH2 (S)tho, (B)pë: plai ʔam 130. bamboo (031004) (L)mayL3'phayH2 / mayL3'pööngM2 (S)may. (B)wa:'ping rmɨi 131. paddy plant (033003) (L)tonM3'khawH3 (S)ton;'khaw; (B)kauk'ping / ca.'pa:'ping kok paa 132. rice (033008) (L)khawH3 (S)khaw; (B)ca.'pa: / chan paa 133. sesame (034049) (L)ngaaL1 (S)ngaa: (B)hnam: lŋaa 134. ginger (034063) (L)khingH1 (S)khing (B)gying: / khying: kiɲ 135. banana (035027) (L)kuayM3 (S)koy; (B)hngëk'pyö:'si: praat 136. sugar cane (035041) (L)ööyM3 (S)öy; (B)kraM klmii

30

137.betel nut (035042) (L)hmaakHl'khiawL3 (S)maak,'mu. (B)kum:.'si: 138. to plant (036002) (L)puukMl (S)phuk, (B)caik'siny tɨɨl 139. plow (036012) (L)thayH1 (S)thay (B)thë sɨɨh naa 140. irrigated field (036016) (L)naaL1 (S)naa: (B)lë naa 141. upland field (999999) (L)hayL2 (S)hay; (B)ya'khing: / caik'khing: lɛɲ 142. oil (044002) (L)namL3'manL1 (S)nam.'man: (B)chi tkaal 143. salt (044005) (L)küaM1 (S)kä (B)cha: piʔiɲ 144. sugar (044010) (L)namL3'taanM1 (S)kä'waan (B)sa.'kra: paʔaŋ klmii 145. chilli (999999) (L)hmaakHl'phetHs (S)maak,'phit. (B)nga.'rout’si: prai 146. tea (045002) (L)saaL1 (S)nam.'neng; / nam.'laa. (B)re'nwe:'kram: / lëk'phëk're'kram: miəŋ 147. wine (045004) (L)hlawH3 (S)law; (B)a.'rëk pɨi 148. cigarette / tobacco (045009) (L)yaaM1'duutMl / yaaM1'suupHl (S)len:'yaa; (B)che.'leip ɟaa duut 149. to cook rice (046001) (L)hungH1'khawH3 / hnüngH3'khawH3 (S)hung'khaw;

(B)tha.'ming:'khyëk'siny / tha.'ming:'tiny'siny ʔool paa 150. firewood (046022) (L)füünL1 (S)phün: (B)thing: pan ʔos 151. pot (046040) (L)hmööH3 (S)mö; (B)o: tlooʔ 152. to boil (046072) (L)tomM3 (S)tom; (B)kyo'siny / khyëk'siny / prout'siny tom

31

153. to roast (046084) (L)piingM3 / ciiM2 (S)ping; (B)king'siny tkaap 154. cloth (051001) (L)phëënH2'phëëL1 (S)phaa; (B)a.'thëny phɛɛn 155. to sew (051031) (L)nyipLs (S)yep. (B)khyoup'siny swees 156. needle (051037) (L)khemH1 (S)khem (B)ap smmos 157. thread (051042) (L)hmayH1'nyipLs (S)may (B)khyiny prsaʔ swees 158. to wash clothes (051063) (L)sakLs'khüangL2 (S)sak.'kho: (B)a.wut'hlyö'siny poh 159. clothes (052001) (L)khüangL2'nungL2 (S)sä;'phaa; (B)a.'wut'a.'ca: baʔ sat 160. to wear (052002) (L)nungL2 / saüH2 (S)nung; (B)wut'siny baʔ, sat 161. to undress (052003) (L)këëM3'khüangL2 / thaayH2'khüangL2 (S)thöt,'kho: (B)khyut'siny wit, tɨs 162. road (081007) (L)honH1'thaangL1 (S)taang: (B)lam: kruuŋ 163. village (081027) (L)baanM3 (S)waan; (B)rwa duəŋ 164. to buy (091003) (L)süüL3 (S)sü. (B)wë'siny lɛɛʔ 165. to sell (091004) (L)khaayH1 (S)khaay (B)raung:'siny sooʔ 166. market (092003) (L)taMs'hlaatHl (S)kaat, (B)zhe: talaat 167. money (093001) (L)ngänL1 (S)ngün: (B)ngwe ŋɨɨn 168. to speak (101009) (L)paakMl / vawL3 (S)laat; (B)prö:'siny kee 169. to ask (101012) (L)thaamH1 (S)thaam (B)me:'siny saŋ

32

170. to answer (101013) (L)tööpMl (S)töp, (B)phre'siny tɔɔp 171. to call (101018) (L)änM3 (S)höng. (B)khö'siny ɡiiʔ 172. — language (101038) (L)phaaL1'saaH1 — / khamL1'vawL3 — (S)kwaam

(B) — bha'sa maai kniəŋ (Phong language) 173. to write (111049) (L)khianH1 (S)tëm; (B)re:'siny khiən 174. paper (112001) (L)ciaM3 (S)ce; (B)cëk'ku ciə 175. to stick (112034) (L)titMs (S)tit: (B)kap'siny ptit 176. to play (113001) (L)hliinH3 (S)len; (B)ka.'ca:'siny ʔeeo 177. song (113045) (L)phengL1 (S)kwaam: (B)si'khying: / te: khaap 178. to get tired (141012) (L)müayL2 (S)hä. (B)ping'pan:'siny soʔ 179. to rest (141013) (L)sawL1'müayL2 / phakLs'phöönH2 (S)yang.'hä. / lü.'hä. (B)na:'siny phak 180. to sleep (141014) (L)nöönL1 (S)nön:'lap: (B)eip'pyö'siny jɨɨp 181. to die (141022) (L)taayM1 (S)taay (B)se'siny bɨɨl 182. age (141029) (L)aaM1'nyuLs (S)a.,saak, (B)a.'sëk ʔaɲuu 183. to be ill (142001/2) (L)penM1'khayH3 / cepMs'puayM2

(S)mi:'taang:'khay;'taang:'pen (B)phya:'na'siny lɔh pɨɨh 184. painful (142007) (L)cepMs (S)cep: (B)na'siny sao 185. to hiccough (142021) (L)saHs'äkMs (S)khi;'ä. (B)kro.'tho:'siny lɔɔʔ

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186. to burp (142022) (L)üamM3 (S)saa.' ä. (B)le'tëk'siny ɡdɨr 187. louse (142063) (L)hawH1 (S)haw (B)san: sai 188. medicine (143009) (L)yaaM1 (S)yaa;'yaa (B)che: ɟaa 189. bow (144013) (L)thaLs'nuuL1 / hnaaH3 (S)kaang, (B)le: snaa 190. arrow (144014) (L)luukLl'söönH1 / luukLl'hnaaH3 (S)pün'kaang, (B)le:'mra: kam 191. name (151003) (L)süüL2 (S)cü; (B)na'miny pnii 192. father (152018) (L)phööL2 (S)u; / pö; (B)a.'phe jooŋ 193. mother (152020) (L)mëëL2 (S)më; (B)a.'me ʔuuʔ 194. husband (152050) (L)phuaH1 (S)pho (B)yauk'kya: haʔ jooŋ 195. wife (152051) (L)miaL1 (S)më: (B)za.'ni: / mein:'ma. haʔ kuui 196. son (152080) (L)luukLl'saayL1 (S)luk;'caay: (B)sa: kuun knoh jooŋ 197. daughter (152085) (L)luukLl'saawH1 (S)luk;'ying: (B)sa.'mi: kuun knoh kuui 198. child (160002) (L)dekMs'nööyL3 (S)luk;'ön, (B)ka.'le: kuun 199. male / man (160006) (L)phuuH3'saayL1 (S)phu;'caay: (B)a.'myo:'sa: knoh jooŋ 200. female / woman (160010) (L)phuuH3'nyingL1 / mëëL2'nyingL1 (S)phu;'ying: (B)a.'myo:'sa.'mi: knoh kuui 201. man / human being (160041) (L)khonL1 (S)kon: (B)lu pram 202. — people (160062) (L)phawH2 — (S)kon: — (B) — lu'myo: pram kniəŋ (Phong people)

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203. to meet with (181084) (L)phopLs / phööL3 (S)thop: (B)twe.'chouM'siny moh 204. to wait for (181092) (L)thaaH3 / lööL1'thaaH3 (S)paü. (B)caung.'siny kom 205. to give to (181094) (L)awM1'haüH3 / haüH3 (S)pan (B)pe:'siny maa 206. to use (182001) (L)saüL3 (S)caü. (B)souM:'siny raŋ 207. to look for (182008) (L)söökLl'haaH1 (S)haa (B)hra'siny sɔɔʔ 208. to laugh (191003) (L)huaH1 (hiL1 'hiL1) (S)kho (B)rë(ri)'siny / rë(ri)'maung'siny kriis 209. to love (191018) (L)hakLs (S)hak. (B)khyic'siny pheeŋ 210. to fear, to be afraid of (191034) (L)yaanM3 (S)ko (B)krauk'siny tuuŋ 211. to be frightened (191036) (L)tokMs'caüM1 / tüünM2 (S)tok:'caü (B)aM.'siny / lan.'siny ktan 212. to know (192008) (L)huuL3 (S)hu. (B)si.'siny diəm 213. to remember (192023) (L)cüüM2 / cüüM2'dayM3 (S)töng: (B)hmat'mi.'siny cɨɨ 214. to forget (192024) (L)lüümL1 (S)lüm: (B)me.'siny ɲɨt 215. cold (201002) (L)yenM1 / hnaawH1 (S)yen / kat: (B)e:'siny / khyam:'siny ɟɨn 216. hot (201004) (L)höönL3 (S)may; / hön. (B)pu'siny srʔot, taat 217. hungry (201011) (L)hiwH1 / yaakMl'khawH3 (S)töng.'may;'khaw; / yaak,'khaw; (B)tha.'ming:'cha'siny sao saa paa

35

218. thirsty (201012) (L)yaakMl'namL3 (S)khö:'hëng; / töng.'may;'nam. (B)re'ngat'siny / taung.'ta.'siny

sao siəŋ paʔaŋ 219. drunk (201017) (L)mawL1 (S)maw: (B)mu:'siny ʔeer 220. delicious (202001) (L)sëëpLl (S)kin'waan / li'kin (B)ca:'lo.'kaung:'siny cɛɛp 221. sweet (202003) (L)hvaanH1 (S)waan (B)khyo'siny siəo 222. sour (202005) (L)somH3 (S)som; (B)khyiñ'siny sat 223. pepper-hot (202007) (L)phetHs (S)phet: (B)cap'siny prai 224. salty (202010) (L)khemL1 (S)cem: (B)ngan'siny khem 225. thing (204004) (L)khüangL2'khööngH1 (S)kho: (B)pic'ciny: krɨəŋ 226. big (204005) (L)hnyaüH2 (S)yaü, (B)kri:'siny roŋ 227. small (204007) (L)nööyL3 (S)lek. (B)ngë'siny dɛɛt 228. tall, high (204009) (L)suungH1 (S)sung (B)mring.'siny ɟɔɔh 229. low (204010) (L)tamM2 (S)tëm, (B)neim.'siny tam 230. long (204012) (L)nyaawL1 (S)yaaw: (B)hreny'siny leeŋ 231. short (204013) (L)sanH3 (S)pöt: (B)to'siny kɛc 232. broad, wide (204016) (L)kwaangM3 (S)kwaang; (B)kyë'siny kwaaŋ 233. narrow (204017) (L)khëëpLl (S)këp; (B)kyiñ'siny khɛɛp 234. thick (204018) (L)hnaaH1 (S)naa (B)thu'siny tmɨɨl

36

235. thin (204019) (L)baangM1 (S)waang (B)pa:'siny ɡdaa 236. deep (204020) (L)läkLs (S)lük. (B)nëk'siny ləʔ 237. shallow (204021) (L)tüünM3 (S)tün; (B)teim'siny ɡdal 238. round (204023) (L)monL1 (S)mon: / kom (B)waing:'siny dbɨr 239. color (204057) (L)siiH1 (S)si (B)a.'raung sii 240. red (204062) (L)dëëngM1 (S)lëng (B)a.'ni ksor 241. yellow (204063) (L)hlüangH1 (S)läng (B)a.'wa ksaai 242. blue (204064) (L)siiH1'faaL3 / siiH1'namL3'ngänL1 (S)si'som; (B)a.'pra sii ʔit 243. white (204065) (L)khaawH1 (S)khaaw (B)a.'phru luuʔ 244. black (204066) (L)damM1 (S)lam (B)a.'nëk jam 245. green (204072) (L)khiawH1 (S)khew (B)a.'ceim:'raung ksɨɨŋ 246. sound, noise (205001) (L)siangH1 (S)seng (B)a.'saM siəŋ 247. light (210001) (L)bawM1 (S)waw (B)pö.'siny ɡɟal 248. heavy (210002) (L)hnakHs (S)nak: (B)le:'siny ɡɟɨɨh 249. dry (210007) (L)hëëngH3 (S)hëng; (B)khrauk'siny pah 250. wet (210008) (L)piakMl (S)yam: (B)co'siny bɔɔʔ 251. soft (210010) (L)öönM2 / numL3 (S)on; (B)pyö.'siny piəʔ, ʔuuc 252. hard (210011) (L)khëëngH1 (S)khëng (B)ma'kyö:'siny kɛɛn

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253. full (210028) (L)temM1 (S)tem (B)pri.'siny / pre.'siny ɡbəi 254. new (210036) (L)hmaüH2 (S)maü, (B)sic'siny tmmɨi 255. old (210037) (L)kawM2 (S)kaw, (B)haung:'siny prom 256. raw (210049) (L)dipMs (S)lip: (B)ceim:'siny ris 257. done, ripe (210050) (L)sukHs (S)suk: (B)hmëny.'siny kɨn 258. good (210065) (L)diiM1 (S)li (B)kaung:'siny ɟat 259. bad (210066) (L)suaL2 (S)am,'li / haay. (B)cho:'siny sree 260. difficult (210079) (L)nyaakLl (S)yaap, (B)khëk'siny lmbaaʔ 261. easy (210080) (L)ngaayL2 (S)ngaay; (B)lwë'siny ŋaai 262. expensive (210083) (L)phëëngL1 / laaL1'khaaL1'suungH1 (S)kaa;'pëng:

(B)zhe:'kri:'siny phɛɛŋ 263. cheap (210083) (L)thüükHl (S)thuk, (B)zhe:'pö.'siny / zhe:'khyo'siny thɨɨʔ 264. clean (210086) (L)saHs'aatMl (S)mot:'saü (B)san.'hring:'siny saʔaat 265. dirty (210087) (L)püanM3 (S)ko;'käk, (B)nyic'pat'siny kabuuʔ 266. quick, fast (210090) (L)vayL1 (S)way: (B)mran'siny wai 267. slow (210091) (L)saaL3 (S)thäng: (B)hne:'siny ʔɨŋ 268. fat (210110) (L)tuyM3 (S)pi: (B)wa.'siny miəs 269. thin (210112) (L)cööyM2 (S)yöm (B)pein'siny ɡoor

38

270. old of age (210114) (L)thawH3 / këëM2 (S)kë, (B)a.'sëk'kri:'siny riəh 271. young of age (210115) (L)hnumH2 (S)num, (B)a.'sëk'ngë'siny num 272. year (230010) (L)piiM1 (S)pi (B)hnic pii 273. this year (230012) (L)piiM1'niiL3 (S)pi'nay. (B)di'hnic mai lawaaŋ 274. last year (230015) (L)piiM1'kaayM1 (S)pi'kaay (B)ma.'hnic'ka. naa lawaaŋ 275. next year (230013) (L)piiM1'hnaaH3 (S)pi'te'maa: / pi'naa; (B)naung'hnic ʔuul lawaaŋ 276. month (230044) (L)düanM1 (S)län (B)la. dɨən 277. this month (230048) (L)düanM1'niiL3 (S)län'nay. (B)di'la. dɨən beʔee 278. last month (230049) (L)düanM1'lëwL3 (S)län'kaay (B)a.'ring'la. dɨən kiil 279. next month (230050) (L)düanM1'hnaaH3 (S)län'te'maa: (B)nauk'la. dɨən tmmɨi 280. today (230057) (L)müüL3'niiL3 (S)mä;'nay. (B)di'ne. / di'ka.'ne. mai dɨɨ 281. yesterday (230061) (L)müüiL3'vaanL1'niiL3 (S)mä;'waa: (B)ma.'ne.'ka. naan ʔee 282. tomorrow (230058) (L)müüL3'üünM2 (S)mä;'phuk; (B)ma.'nëk'phran tɨʔ ʔuəs 283. morning (230079) (L)töönM1'sawL3 (S)kaang'naü (B)ma.'nëk khaʔ ʔuəs 284. noon (230081) (L)töönM1'svaayH1 (S)kaang'wan:'teng; (B)ne.'khing: / ne.'lë tii sŋai 285. evening (230084) (L)töönM1'lëëngL1 (S)ho'kham; (B)nya.'ne kraŋ kasəɲ 286. night (230085) (L)kaangM1'khüünL1 / däkMs (S)kaang'khün: (B)nya. tii səɲ

39

287. above (241015) (L)yuuM2'thängL1 (S)nä (B)a.'thëk too tooi 288. below (241018) (L)yuuM2'lumL2 / köönM3 (S)taü; (B)auk sɨɨ sɨɨo 289. far (241039) (L)kayM1 (S)kay (B)we:'siny leeŋ 290. near (241040) (L)kaüM3 (S)cam (B)ni:'siny ɡdiəh 291. to come (242007) (L)maaL1 (S)maa: (B)la'siny wɨɨt 292. to go (242008) (L)payM1 (S)kwaa, (B)swa:'siny mɨr 293. to enter (242011) (L)khawH3 (S)khaw; (B)wing'siny dao 294. to exit (242012) (L)öökMl (S)ök, (B)thwëk'siny loh 295. I (270001) (L)khööyH3 (S)kaw'khaa; (B)kyun'tö / kyun'ma. ɲee 296. you, thou (270002) (L)cawM3 (S)su'caw; (B)khing'bya: / hring: məə 297. he, she (270003) (L)laawL1 / manL1 (S)man: (B)su nam 298. we (270008) (L)phuakLl'hawL1 / phuakLl'khööyH3 (S)haw: (B)kyun'tö'to. / kyun'ma.'to. cuʔ ʔəi 299. you, ye (270006) (L)phuakLl'cawM3 (S)su (B)khing'bya:'to. / hring:'to. cuʔ bəə 300. they (270007) (L)phuakLl'laawL1 / phuakLl'khawH1 / khawH1'cawM3 (S)khaw (B)su'to. cuʔ ʔah 301. I am — (250001) (L)khööyH3'penM1'khonL1 / phawH2 —


ɲee mɛɛn kniəŋ.(I am Phong.)

40


ɲee ci mɛɛn mɛɛo (I am not Hmong.) 303. I have — (250003) (L)khööyH3'miiL1 — (S)kaw'khaa;'mi: —

(B)kyun'tö / kyun'ma. — hri.'siny‘' ɲee ʔuui kuun sɔɔŋ khon. (I have two children.)

Phong Pung Autonym: kniəŋ Consultant: Sai mung nua Sex: Male Year of birth: 1966 Place of birth: Buak Village, Huamuang District, Huaphan Province Place of interview: Pa kha tai Village, Huamuang District, Huaphan Province Initial Consonants: p t c[ʨ] k ʔ ph[pʰ] th[tʰ] kh[kʰ] b d ɟ[ʥ] ɡ s[s, ɕ] m n ɲ ŋ l r w j Vowels (Monophthongs): i ɨ u e ə o ɛ ɔ

a

42

001. body hair (131002) (L)khonH1 (S)khon (B)a.'mwe: ksɔʔ 002. skin (131003) (L)phiwH1 / hnangH1 (S)nang (B)a.'re ktoəh 003. bone (131006) (L)kaMs'duukMl (S)lup, / luk, (B)a.'ro: siʔiiŋ 004. blood (131011) (L)lüatLl (S)lät; (B)swe: miim 005. tears (131013) (L)namL3'taaM1 (S)nam.'taa (B)myëk'reny paʔaŋ mat 006. sweat (131014) (L)hüaH2 (S)hä, (B)khywe: hɨə 007. head (131029) (L)huaH1 (S)ho (B)khaung: / u:'khaung: kluu 008. hair (131032) (L)phomH1 (S)khon'ho (B)chaM'ping ksɔʔ kluu 009. face (131041) (L)hnaaH3 / baüM1'hnaaH3 (S)naa; (B)myëk'hna roop 010. eyebrow (131042) (L)khiwL3(taaM1) (S)khiw.'taa (B)myëk'khoun:'mwe: kpɨr mat 011. eyes (131043) (L)taaM1 (S)taa (B)myëk'ci. mat 012. ears (131059) (L)huuH1 (S)hu (B)na: kət 013. nose (131065) (L)dangM1 (S)khu;'lang (B)hna'khaung: moh 014. mouth (131074) (L)paakMl / sopHs (S)sop: (B)pa:'cap paaŋ 015. tongue (131077) (L)linL3 (S)lin. (B)hlya taaʔ 016. teeth (131086) (L)khëëwH3 (S)khew; (B)swa: riiŋ 017. beard / mustache (131097 / 98) (L)hnuatHl / khawL1 (S)not, (B)mout'cheit'mwe: / hnout'kham:'mwe: ksɔʔ paaŋ

43

018. neck (131105) (L)khööL1 (S)khö: (B)lëny'ping: kroʔ 019. shoulder (131109) (L)baaM2'hlayH2 (S)ho'maa, (B)pa.'khouM: waaʔ 020. hand (131111) (L)müüL1 (S)mü: (B)lëk tɨɨi 021. right-hand (131112) (L)müüL1'khwaaH1 (S)mü:'khwaa (B)nya'lëk tɨɨi bɨəŋ khɨɨi 022. left-hand (131113) (L)müüL1'saayL3 (S)mü:'saay. (B)bhë'lëk tɨɨi bɨəŋ doʔ 023. arm (131114) (L)khëënH1 (S)khën'mü: (B)lëk'maung: treeo 024. elbow (131115) (L)khëënH1'söökHl (S)sök,'mü: (B)ta.'taung'chic ktaŋ 025. palm (131121) (L)faaH2'müüL1 (S)phaa,'mü: (B)lëk’pha.'wa: trpaaŋ tɨɨi 026. finger (131122) (L)niiwL3 (S)niw.'mü: (B)lëk'khyaung: rmuəs 027. fingernail (131127) (L)lepLs'müüL1 (S)nep.'mü: (B)lëk'sëny: kiər 028. breast (131140) (L)tawM3'nomL1 (S)taw;'nom: (B)ring'sa: / no.'ouM plɛɛ tuut 029. nipple (131141) (L)huaH1'nomL1 (S)tin,'nom: (B)no.'si: coəŋ tuut 030. waist (131146) (L)saHs'phookLl / ëëwM1 (S)ew (B)kha: ʔɛɛo 031.belly (131147) (L)thööngL3 / puumM1 (S)töng. / pum

(B)baik / wum:'baik pɨl 032. navel (131148) (L)saayH1'büüM1 (S)saay'li / saay'lü (B)khyëk / khyëk'pauk srpuu 033. buttocks (131158) (L)konM3 (S)kon; (B)phing plɛɛ luu 034. feces (131159) (L)khiiH3 (S)khi; (B)kying:'kri: / khyi: / ma.'cing ʔiəʔ

44

035. to defecate (131160) (L)khiiH3 / payM1'khiiH3 (S)khi; (B)khyi:'pa'siny 036. urine (131161) (L)nyiawL2 (S)yew; (B)se: /chi: prʔəəm 037. to urinate (131162) (L)nyiawL2 / payM1'nyiawL2 (S)yew; (B)se:'pauk'siny / chi:'swa:'siny 038. to expel intestinal gas (131164) (L)totMs (S)tot: (B)i:'pauk'siny / le'lëny'siny pom 039. to give birth (131179) (L)käätMl'luukLl / öökMI'luukLl (S)kät, (B)mwe:'siny / phwa:'siny / mwe:'phwa:'siny kɨɨt koon 040. leg (131184) (L)khaaH1 (S)khaa (B)khri ɟuŋ 041. foot (131190) (L)tiinM1 (S)tin'khaa (B)khri'thauk ɟuŋ 042. back (131205) (L)hlangH1 (S)san'lang (B)kyö: / kyö:'koun: kndooi 043. to see, to look (132009) (L)henH1 / bängM2 (S)han / toy: (B)mring'si / kri.'siny muh, bəəŋ 044. to hear, to listen (132020) (L)nyinL1 / fangL1 (S)ngin: / tham, (B)kra:'siny / na:'thaung'siny buət, faŋ 045. to eat (132028) (L)kinM1 (S)kin (B)ca:'siny saa 046. to drink (132029) (L)kinM1 / düümM2(namL3) (S)kin (B)sauk'siny sɨɨn 047. to bite (132031) (L)katMs / khopHs (S)khop: (B)kaik'siny ras 048. to hold with the hand (132070) (L)thüüH1 (S)yip: (B)kaing'siny cap 049. to put, to place in / on (132090) (L)vaangL1 (S)way. (B)tha.'siny waaŋ

45

050. to push (132106) (L)sukLs'nyuuL3 (S)i: (B)tun:'siny ɲuu 051. to pull (132107) (L)düngL1 / laakLl / këëM2 (S)can / tüt. (B)chwë:'siny kthɔʔ 052. to throw (132138) (L)nyoonL1 / khwaangH2 (S)thim; (B)pic'siny dəəs 053. to pick up (132153) (L)kepMs (S)kep: (B)kauk'siny ʔaat 054. to ladle (132160) (L)takMs'namL3 (S)tak:'nam. (B)re'khap'siny tak paʔaŋ 055. to run (132170) (L)lënL2 (S)lën; / ën, (B)pre:'siny pas 056. to sit (132178) (L)nangL2 (S)nang; (B)thaing'siny ɟɨɨʔ 057. to stand up (132182) (L)yüünM1'khünH3 (S)luk. (B)tha.'siny ɲoəŋ 058. to cough (132213) (L)ayM1 (S)ay (B)khyaung:'cho:'siny tɡɔʔ 059. 1 (260019) (L)hnüngH2 (S)nüng; (B)tic nɨŋ 060. 2 (260020) (L)sööngH1 (S)söng (B)hnic sɔɔŋ 061. 3 (260021) (L)saamH1 (S)saam (B)souM: saam 062. 4 (260022) (L)siiH2 (S)si, (B)le: sii 063. 5 (260023) (L)haaH3 (S)haa; (B)nga: haa 064. 6 (260024) (L)hokHs (S)hok: (B)khrauk hok 065. 7 (260025) (L)cetMs (S)cet: (B)khu.nic cet 066. 8 (260026) (L)pëëtMl (S)pët, (B)hric pɛɛt 067. 9 (260027) (L)kawM3 (S)kaw; (B)ko: kao

46

068. 10 (260028) (L)sipHs (S)sip: (B)ta.'chë sip 069. 11 (260052) (L)sipHs'etMs (S)sip:'et: (B)chë.'tic sip ʔet 070. 12 (260053) (L)sipHs'sööngH1 (S)sip:'söng (B)chë.'hnic sip sɔɔŋ 071. sky (011001) (L)faaL3 (S)töng.'phaa. (B)kaung:'king toŋ 072. sun (011005) (L)taaM1'venL1 (S)wan: (B)ne sŋai 073. moon (011011) (L)düanM1 / duangM1'düanM1 (S)län (B)la.'ming: kii 074. star (011016) (L)duangM1'daawM1 (S)laaw (B)krë kluc 075. wind (011027) (L)lomL1 (S)lom: (B)le wɨɨr 076. rain (011036) (L)fonH1 (S)phon (B)mo: 077. it rains (011037) (L)fonH1'tokMs (S)phon'tok: (B)mo:'rwa'siny ɟar kmii 078. lightning strikes (011064) (L)faaL3'phaaH2 (S)phaa.'lang (B)mo:'kro: phii prdaa sah 079. it thunders (011065) (L)faaL3'hööngL3 (S)phaa.'phaa, (B)mo:'kro:'pic'siny trɔɔŋ kɨɨr 080. soil, earth (012007) (L)dinM1 (S)lin (B)mre tpai 081. stone (012010) (L)köönM3'hinH1 / hmaakHl'hinH1 (S)maak,'hin (B)kyauk / kyauk'khë: kliiŋ 082. hill, mountain (012014) (L)phuuL1 (S)löy (B)taung rkoon 083. water (012032) (L)namL3 (S)nam. (B)re paʔaŋ 084. lake (012063) (L)hnööngH1 / büngM1 (S)nöng (B)kan paʔaŋ ruu

47

085. river (012064) (L)mëëL2'namL3 (S)nam.'më; (B)mric rɔɔŋ paʔaŋ 086. fire (012098) (L)fayL1 (S)phay: (B)mi: ʔɔs 087. smoke (012106) (L)khwanL1'fayL1 (S)kwaan: / kön: / kan: (B)mi:'kho: ptuʔ ʔɔs 088. house (060007) (L)hüanL1 (S)hän: (B)eim ɟiiŋ 089. roof (061012) (L)hlangH1'khaaL1 (S)lang'khaa: (B)eim'mo: kooŋ 090. pillar (061015) (L)sawH1 (S)saw (B)taing sraŋ 091. mat (072005) (L)saatHl (S)saat, (B)phya saat 092. comforter (072006) (L)phaaH3'homH2 (S)phaa;'hom, (B)gum:'kap stuʔ 093. pillow (072014) (L)hmöönH1 (S)mön'ho (B)khaung:'ouM: tŋɡool 094. mosquito net (072017) (L)mungL3 (S)sut: (B)khring'thaung muŋ 095. knife (073004) (L)miitLl (S)mit; (B)dha: krɨɨi 096. to cut (073095) (L)tatMs (S)tat: (B)phrat'siny kap 097. tail (020004) (L)haangH1 (S)haang (B)a.'mri: ktaa 098. horn (020009) (L)khawH1 (S)khaw (B)khyo ktoŋ 099. tiger (021002) (L)süaH1 (S)sä (B)kya: rwaai 100. elephant (021010) (L)saangL3 (S)caang. (B)ching tɟaaŋ 101. mouse (021022) (L)hnuuH1 (S)nu (B)krwëk khanai 102. bird (022001) (L)nokLs (S)nok. (B)hngëk som

48

103. to fly (022002) (L)binM1 (S)min (B)pyaM'siny mbaŋ 104. egg (022010) (L)khayH2 (S)khay, (B)u. plɛɛ 105. crow (022015) (L)kaaM1 (S)kaa'lam (B)kyi: / kyi:'kan: ʔaaʔ 106. buffalo (023004) (L)khwaayL1 (S)kwaay: (B)kywë: sləəo 107. cattle (023005) (L)nguaL1 (S)wo: (B)nwa: sŋɡɔɔ 108. pig (023008) (L)hmuuH1 (S)mu (B)wëk siɲ 109. horse (023016) (L)maaL3 (S)maa. (B)mring: rmaa 110. dog (023020) (L)hmaaH1 (S)maa (B)khwe: sɔɔ 111. cat (023024) (L)mëëwL1 (S)mëw: (B)kraung meəo 112. chicken (023026) (L)kayM2 (S)kay, (B)krëk ʔiər 113. duck (023042) (L)petMs (S)pet: (B)bhë: kaap 114. bee (024008) (L)phängH3 (S)phüng; (B)pya: buut 115. fly (024020) (L)mëëngL1'vanL1 (S)mëng:'mon: (B)ying'kaung muəs 116. mosquito (024025) (L)nyungL1 (S)yung: (B)khring ŋoəŋ 117. ant (024035) (L)motLs (S)mot. (B)pu.'rwëk'cheit moc 118. snake (024042) (L)nguuL1 (S)ngu: (B)mrwe mar 119. fish (025001) (L)paaM1 (S)paa (B)nga: kaa 120. shrimp (025030) (L)kungM3 (S)kung; (B)pu.'cun kuŋ

49

121. crab (025034) (L)puuM1 (S)pu (B)ga.'Nan: raap 122. frog (025051) (L)kopMs (S)kop: / khet, (B)pha: krɔɔ 123. to fish with a rod (026015) (L)tükMs'betMs (S)wet:'paa / met:'paa (B)nga:'hmya:'siny ɟoəŋ tbas 124. to kill (026026) (L)khaaH3 (S)hëm (B)sat'siny kmbəəl 125. seed (030003) (L)këënM2 (S)cä. (B)a.'ci. klooŋ 126. tree (030008) (L)tonM3'mayL3 / kokMs'mayL3 (S)ton;'may.

(B)sic'ping lam sʔuŋ 127. leaf (030021) (L)baüM1'mayL3 (S)maü'may. (B)a.'rwëk təəo sʔuŋ 128. flower (030024) (L)döökMl'mayL3 (S)mök,'may. (B)pan: plaaŋ sʔuŋ 129. bean (030044) (L)hmaakHl'thuaH2 (S)tho, (B)pë: plɛɛ ʔam 130. bamboo (031004) (L)mayL3'phayH2 / mayL3'pööngM2 (S)may. (B)wa:'ping poʔoo 131. paddy plant (033003) (L)tonM3'khawH3 (S)ton;'khaw; (B)kauk'ping / ca.'pa:'ping ɟuŋ paa 132. rice (033008) (L)khawH3 (S)khaw; (B)ca.'pa: / chan paa 133. sesame (034049) (L)ngaaL1 (S)ngaa: (B)hnam: lŋaa 134. ginger (034063) (L)khingH1 (S)khing (B)gying: / khying: kiɲ 135. banana (035027) (L)kuayM3 (S)koy; (B)hngëk'pyö:'si: praat 136. sugar cane (035041) (L)ööyM3 (S)öy; (B)kraM klmii

50

137.betel nut (035042) (L)hmaakHl'khiawL3 (S)maak,'mu. (B)kum:.'si: 138. to plant (036002) (L)puukMl (S)phuk, (B)caik'siny tɨɨl 139. plow (036012) (L)thayH1 (S)thay (B)thë thai 140. irrigated field (036016) (L)naaL1 (S)naa: (B)lë naa 141. upland field (999999) (L)hayL2 (S)hay; (B)ya'khing: / caik'khing: leeŋ 142. oil (044002) (L)namL3'manL1 (S)nam.'man: (B)chi ŋaar 143. salt (044005) (L)küaM1 (S)kä (B)cha: piʔiɲ 144. sugar (044010) (L)namL3'taanM1 (S)kä'waan (B)sa.'kra: nam ʔɔɔi 145. chilli (999999) (L)hmaakHl'phetHs (S)maak,'phit. (B)nga.'rout’si: prai 146. tea (045002) (L)saaL1 (S)nam.'neng; / nam.'laa. (B)re'nwe:'kram: / lëk'phëk're'kram: miəŋ, cɛɛ, saa 147. wine (045004) (L)hlawH3 (S)law; (B)a.'rëk pii 148. cigarette / tobacco (045009) (L)yaaM1'duutMl / yaaM1'suupHl (S)len:'yaa; (B)che.'leip ɟaa duut 149. to cook rice (046001) (L)hungH1'khawH3 / hnüngH3'khawH3 (S)hung'khaw;

(B)tha.'ming:'khyëk'siny / tha.'ming:'tiny'siny ʔool paa 150. firewood (046022) (L)füünL1 (S)phün: (B)thing: pən ʔɔs 151. pot (046040) (L)hmööH3 (S)mö; (B)o: tlɔʔ 152. to boil (046072) (L)tomM3 (S)tom; (B)kyo'siny / khyëk'siny / prout'siny tom

51

153. to roast (046084) (L)piingM3 / ciiM2 (S)ping; (B)king'siny tkaap 154. cloth (051001) (L)phëënH2'phëëL1 (S)phaa; (B)a.'thëny phɛɛn 155. to sew (051031) (L)nyipLs (S)yep. (B)khyoup'siny swiəs 156. needle (051037) (L)khemH1 (S)khem (B)ap srmos 157. thread (051042) (L)hmayH1'nyipLs (S)may (B)khyiny psaʔ sŋwiəs 158. to wash clothes (051063) (L)sakLs'khüangL2 (S)sak.'kho: (B)a.wut'hlyö'siny puh 159. clothes (052001) (L)khüangL2'nungL2 (S)sä;'phaa; (B)a.'wut'a.'ca: baʔ sat 160. to wear (052002) (L)nungL2 / saüH2 (S)nung; (B)wut'siny baʔ, sat 161. to undress (052003) (L)këëM3'khüangL2 / thaayH2'khüangL2 (S)thöt,'kho: (B)khyut'siny wit, təs 162. road (081007) (L)honH1'thaangL1 (S)taang: (B)lam: kruŋ 163. village (081027) (L)baanM3 (S)waan; (B)rwa blooŋ 164. to buy (091003) (L)süüL3 (S)sü. (B)wë'siny lɛɛʔ 165. to sell (091004) (L)khaayH1 (S)khaay (B)raung:'siny sooʔ 166. market (092003) (L)taMs'hlaatHl (S)kaat, (B)zhe: talaat 167. money (093001) (L)ngänL1 (S)ngün: (B)ngwe ŋəən 168. to speak (101009) (L)paakMl / vawL3 (S)laat; (B)prö:'siny maai, wao 169. to ask (101012) (L)thaamH1 (S)thaam (B)me:'siny saŋ

52

170. to answer (101013) (L)tööpMl (S)töp, (B)phre'siny tɔɔp 171. to call (101018) (L)änM3 (S)höng. (B)khö'siny ɡiiʔ 172. — language (101038) (L)phaaL1'saaH1 — / khamL1'vawL3 — (S)kwaam

(B) — bha'sa maai kniəŋ (Phong language) 173. to write (111049) (L)khianH1 (S)tëm; (B)re:'siny khiən 174. paper (112001) (L)ciaM3 (S)ce; (B)cëk'ku ciə 175. to stick (112034) (L)titMs (S)tit: (B)kap'siny tit 176. to play (113001) (L)hliinH3 (S)len; (B)ka.'ca:'siny kan ɟɨr 177. song (113045) (L)phengL1 (S)kwaam: (B)si'khying: / te: khap 178. to get tired (141012) (L)müayL2 (S)hä. (B)ping'pan:'siny sɔʔ 179. to rest (141013) (L)sawL1'müayL2 / phakLs'phöönH2 (S)yang.'hä. / lü.'hä. (B)na:'siny phak 180. to sleep (141014) (L)nöönL1 (S)nön:'lap: (B)eip'pyö'siny taʔ 181. to die (141022) (L)taayM1 (S)taay (B)se'siny bəəl 182. age (141029) (L)aaM1'nyuLs (S)a.,saak, (B)a.'sëk ʔaɲuʔ 183. to be ill (142001/2) (L)penM1'khayH3 / cepMs'puayM2

(S)mi:'taang:'khay;'taang:'pen (B)phya:'na'siny lɔh pɔh 184. painful (142007) (L)cepMs (S)cep: (B)na'siny sao 185. to hiccough (142021) (L)saHs'äkMs (S)khi;'ä. (B)kro.'tho:'siny ʔəl lɔɔ

53

186. to burp (142022) (L)üamM3 (S)saa.' ä. (B)le'tëk'siny kdɨr 187. louse (142063) (L)hawH1 (S)haw (B)san: sai 188. medicine (143009) (L)yaaM1 (S)yaa;'yaa (B)che: ɟaa 189. bow (144013) (L)thaLs'nuuL1 / hnaaH3 (S)kaang, (B)le: snaa 190. arrow (144014) (L)luukLl'söönH1 / luukLl'hnaaH3 (S)pün'kaang, (B)le:'mra: kam 191. name (151003) (L)süüL2 (S)cü; (B)na'miny pnnuu 192. father (152018) (L)phööL2 (S)u; / pö; (B)a.'phe jooŋ 193. mother (152020) (L)mëëL2 (S)më; (B)a.'me ʔuuʔ 194. husband (152050) (L)phuaH1 (S)pho (B)yauk'kya: juŋ 195. wife (152051) (L)miaL1 (S)më: (B)za.'ni: / mein:'ma. kii 196. son (152080) (L)luukLl'saayL1 (S)luk;'caay: (B)sa: koon juŋ 197. daughter (152085) (L)luukLl'saawH1 (S)luk;'ying: (B)sa.'mi: koon kii 198. child (160002) (L)dekMs'nööyL3 (S)luk;'ön, (B)ka.'le: koon 199. male / man (160006) (L)phuuH3'saayL1 (S)phu;'caay: (B)a.'myo:'sa: koon juŋ 200. female / woman (160010) (L)phuuH3'nyingL1 / mëëL2'nyingL1 (S)phu;'ying: (B)a.'myo:'sa.'mi: koon kii 201. man / human being (160041) (L)khonL1 (S)kon: (B)lu pram 202. — people (160062) (L)phawH2 — (S)kon: — (B) — lu'myo: thai rii (Lao people)

54

203. to meet with (181084) (L)phopLs / phööL3 (S)thop: (B)twe.'chouM'siny cuəp 204. to wait for (181092) (L)thaaH3 / lööL1'thaaH3 (S)paü. (B)caung.'siny kuum 205. to give to (181094) (L)awM1'haüH3 / haüH3 (S)pan (B)pe:'siny maa 206. to use (182001) (L)saüL3 (S)caü. (B)souM:'siny səəh 207. to look for (182008) (L)söökLl'haaH1 (S)haa (B)hra'siny sɔɔʔ 208. to laugh (191003) (L)huaH1 (hiL1 'hiL1) (S)kho (B)rë(ri)'siny / rë(ri)'maung'siny kriis 209. to love (191018) (L)hakLs (S)hak. (B)khyic'siny hak 210. to fear, to be afraid of (191034) (L)yaanM3 (S)ko (B)krauk'siny tuŋ 211. to be frightened (191036) (L)tokMs'caüM1 / tüünM2 (S)tok:'caü (B)aM.'siny / lan.'siny ktan 212. to know (192008) (L)huuL3 (S)hu. (B)si.'siny diəm 213. to remember (192023) (L)cüüM2 / cüüM2'dayM3 (S)töng: (B)hmat'mi.'siny cɨɨ 214. to forget (192024) (L)lüümL1 (S)lüm: (B)me.'siny jɛt 215. cold (201002) (L)yenM1 / hnaawH1 (S)yen / kat: (B)e:'siny / khyam:'siny ɟen 216. hot (201004) (L)höönL3 (S)may; / hön. (B)pu'siny ʔao 217. hungry (201011) (L)hiwH1 / yaakMl'khawH3 (S)töng.'may;'khaw; / yaak,'khaw; (B)tha.'ming:'cha'siny sao paa

55


sao paʔaŋ 219. drunk (201017) (L)mawL1 (S)maw: (B)mu:'siny ʔoor 220. delicious (202001) (L)sëëpLl (S)kin'waan / li'kin (B)ca:'lo.'kaung:'siny ceəp 221. sweet (202003) (L)hvaanH1 (S)waan (B)khyo'siny siəo 222. sour (202005) (L)somH3 (S)som; (B)khyiñ'siny sat 223. pepper-hot (202007) (L)phetHs (S)phet: (B)cap'siny tiis 224. salty (202010) (L)khemL1 (S)cem: (B)ngan'siny khem 225. thing (204004) (L)khüangL2'khööngH1 (S)kho: (B)pic'ciny: krɨəŋ 226. big (204005) (L)hnyaüH2 (S)yaü, (B)kri:'siny ruu 227. small (204007) (L)nööyL3 (S)lek. (B)ngë'siny leəp 228. tall, high (204009) (L)suungH1 (S)sung (B)mring.'siny suuŋ 229. low (204010) (L)tamM2 (S)tëm, (B)neim.'siny tam 230. long (204012) (L)nyaawL1 (S)yaaw: (B)hreny'siny looŋ 231. short (204013) (L)sanH3 (S)pöt: (B)to'siny kɛɛʔ 232. broad, wide (204016) (L)kwaangM3 (S)kwaang; (B)kyë'siny kwaaŋ 233. narrow (204017) (L)khëëpLl (S)këp; (B)kyiñ'siny kheəp 234. thick (204018) (L)hnaaH1 (S)naa (B)thu'siny ban

56

235. thin (204019) (L)baangM1 (S)waang (B)pa:'siny kdaa 236. deep (204020) (L)läkLs (S)lük. (B)nëk'siny ləʔ 237. shallow (204021) (L)tüünM3 (S)tün; (B)teim'siny tɨɨn 238. round (204023) (L)monL1 (S)mon: / kom (B)waing:'siny tbɨr 239. color (204057) (L)siiH1 (S)si (B)a.'raung sii 240. red (204062) (L)dëëngM1 (S)lëng (B)a.'ni ksor 241. yellow (204063) (L)hlüangH1 (S)läng (B)a.'wa ksaai 242. blue (204064) (L)siiH1'faaL3 / siiH1'namL3'ngänL1 (S)si'som; (B)a.'pra ksɨɨŋ 243. white (204065) (L)khaawH1 (S)khaaw (B)a.'phru luuʔ 244. black (204066) (L)damM1 (S)lam (B)a.'nëk jam 245. green (204072) (L)khiawH1 (S)khew (B)a.'ceim:'raung ksɨɨŋ 246. sound, noise (205001) (L)siangH1 (S)seng (B)a.'saM siəŋ 247. light (210001) (L)bawM1 (S)waw (B)pö.'siny kɟool 248. heavy (210002) (L)hnakHs (S)nak: (B)le:'siny kɟuh 249. dry (210007) (L)hëëngH3 (S)hëng; (B)khrauk'siny pah 250. wet (210008) (L)piakMl (S)yam: (B)co'siny sum 251. soft (210010) (L)öönM2 / numL3 (S)on; (B)pyö.'siny kɟəəm 252. hard (210011) (L)khëëngH1 (S)khëng (B)ma'kyö:'siny kraŋ

57

253. full (210028) (L)temM1 (S)tem (B)pri.'siny / pre.'siny kbai 254. new (210036) (L)hmaüH2 (S)maü, (B)sic'siny tmməi 255. old (210037) (L)kawM2 (S)kaw, (B)haung:'siny prom, sɨr 256. raw (210049) (L)dipMs (S)lip: (B)ceim:'siny kəəo 257. done, ripe (210050) (L)sukHs (S)suk: (B)hmëny.'siny kɨn 258. good (210065) (L)diiM1 (S)li (B)kaung:'siny ɟat 259. bad (210066) (L)suaL2 (S)am,'li / haay. (B)cho:'siny sree 260. difficult (210079) (L)nyaakLl (S)yaap, (B)khëk'siny ɲaaʔ 261. easy (210080) (L)ngaayL2 (S)ngaay; (B)lwë'siny ŋaai 262. expensive (210083) (L)phëëngL1 / laaL1'khaaL1'suungH1 (S)kaa;'pëng:

(B)zhe:'kri:'siny phɛɛŋ 263. cheap (210083) (L)thüükHl (S)thuk, (B)zhe:'pö.'siny / zhe:'khyo'siny thɨɨk 264. clean (210086) (L)saHs'aatMl (S)mot:'saü (B)san.'hring:'siny saʔaat 265. dirty (210087) (L)püanM3 (S)ko;'käk, (B)nyic'pat'siny pɨən 266. quick, fast (210090) (L)vayL1 (S)way: (B)mran'siny wai 267. slow (210091) (L)saaL3 (S)thäng: (B)hne:'siny ʔəŋ 268. fat (210110) (L)tuyM3 (S)pi: (B)wa.'siny miəs 269. thin (210112) (L)cööyM2 (S)yöm (B)pein'siny ɡoor

58

270. old of age (210114) (L)thawH3 / këëM2 (S)kë, (B)a.'sëk'kri:'siny riəh 271. young of age (210115) (L)hnumH2 (S)num, (B)a.'sëk'ngë'siny num 272. year (230010) (L)piiM1 (S)pi (B)hnic pii 273. this year (230012) (L)piiM1'niiL3 (S)pi'nay. (B)di'hnic lwaaŋ nai 274. last year (230015) (L)piiM1'kaayM1 (S)pi'kaay (B)ma.'hnic'ka. tɛɛ mɨl waaŋ 275. next year (230013) (L)piiM1'hnaaH3 (S)pi'te'maa: / pi'naa; (B)naung'hnic ʔool waaŋ 276. month (230044) (L)düanM1 (S)län (B)la. dɨən 277. this month (230048) (L)düanM1'niiL3 (S)län'nay. (B)di'la. dɨən nai 278. last month (230049) (L)düanM1'lëwL3 (S)län'kaay (B)a.'ring'la. dɨən kiil 279. next month (230050) (L)düanM1'hnaaH3 (S)län'te'maa: (B)nauk'la. dɨən tlɔh 280. today (230057) (L)müüL3'niiL3 (S)mä;'nay. (B)di'ne. / di'ka.'ne. ʔii ʔoon 281. yesterday (230061) (L)müüiL3'vaanL1'niiL3 (S)mä;'waa: (B)ma.'ne.'ka. tɛɛ tʔai 282. tomorrow (230058) (L)müüL3'üünM2 (S)mä;'phuk; (B)ma.'nëk'phran tʔai 283. morning (230079) (L)töönM1'sawL3 (S)kaang'naü (B)ma.'nëk saŋ ʔoos 284. noon (230081) (L)töönM1'svaayH1 (S)kaang'wan:'teng; (B)ne.'khing: / ne.'lë saŋ sŋai 285. evening (230084) (L)töönM1'lëëngL1 (S)ho'kham; (B)nya.'ne saŋ krboo 286. night (230085) (L)kaangM1'khüünL1 / däkMs (S)kaang'khün: (B)nya. saŋ boo

59

287. above (241015) (L)yuuM2'thängL1 (S)nä (B)a.'thëk taŋ tɨl 288. below (241018) (L)yuuM2'lumL2 / köönM3 (S)taü; (B)auk taŋ sɨl 289. far (241039) (L)kayM1 (S)kay (B)we:'siny ɡeeŋ 290. near (241040) (L)kaüM3 (S)cam (B)ni:'siny kdiəh 291. to come (242007) (L)maaL1 (S)maa: (B)la'siny wəət 292. to go (242008) (L)payM1 (S)kwaa, (B)swa:'siny mɨr 293. to enter (242011) (L)khawH3 (S)khaw; (B)wing'siny dao 294. to exit (242012) (L)öökMl (S)ök, (B)thwëk'siny ləəs 295. I (270001) (L)khööyH3 (S)kaw'khaa; (B)kyun'tö / kyun'ma. ʔaɲ 296. you, thou (270002) (L)cawM3 (S)su'caw; (B)khing'bya: / hring: mɔɔ 297. he, she (270003) (L)laawL1 / manL1 (S)man: (B)su ʔah 298. we (270008) (L)phuakLl'hawL1 / phuakLl'khööyH3 (S)haw: (B)kyun'tö'to. / kyun'ma.'to. muət ʔee 299. you, ye (270006) (L)phuakLl'cawM3 (S)su (B)khing'bya:'to. / hring:'to. muət bee 300. they (270007) (L)phuakLl'laawL1 / phuakLl'khawH1 / khawH1'cawM3 (S)khaw (B)su'to. muət ʔah 301. I am — (250001) (L)khööyH3'penM1'khonL1 / phawH2 —


ʔaɲ pen kniəŋ. (I am Phong.)

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ʔaɲ tha meən mɛɛo. (I am not Hmong.) 303. I have — (250003) (L)khööyH3'miiL1 — (S)kaw'khaa;'mi: —

(B)kyun'tö / kyun'ma. — hri.'siny‘' ʔaɲ ʔii koon sɔɔŋ khon. (I have two children.)

Phong Phen Autonym: kniəŋ Consultant: Mongtha Sex: Male Year of birth: 1950 Place of birth: That Village, Huamuang District, Huaphan Province Place of interview: Pa kha nua Village, Huamuang District, Huaphan Province Initial Consonants: p t c[ʨ] k ʔ ph[pʰ] th[tʰ] kh[kʰ] b d ɟ[ʥ] ɡ s[s, ɕ] m n ɲ ŋ l r w j Vowels (Monophthongs): i ɨ u e ə o ɛ ɔ

a

62

001. body hair (131002) (L)khonH1 (S)khon (B)a.'mwe: ksɔʔ 002. skin (131003) (L)phiwH1 / hnangH1 (S)nang (B)a.'re ktɔh 003. bone (131006) (L)kaMs'duukMl (S)lup, / luk, (B)a.'ro: siʔiiŋ 004. blood (131011) (L)lüatLl (S)lät; (B)swe: miim 005. tears (131013) (L)namL3'taaM1 (S)nam.'taa (B)myëk'reny paʔaŋ mat 006. sweat (131014) (L)hüaH2 (S)hä, (B)khywe: srʔɔt 007. head (131029) (L)huaH1 (S)ho (B)khaung: / u:'khaung: ʔɔʔ 008. hair (131032) (L)phomH1 (S)khon'ho (B)chaM'ping ksɔʔ ʔɔʔ 009. face (131041) (L)hnaaH3 / baüM1'hnaaH3 (S)naa; (B)myëk'hna roop 010. eyebrow (131042) (L)khiwL3(taaM1) (S)khiw.'taa (B)myëk'khoun:'mwe: ɡnɨŋ mat 011. eyes (131043) (L)taaM1 (S)taa (B)myëk'ci. mat 012. ears (131059) (L)huuH1 (S)hu (B)na: kɤt 013. nose (131065) (L)dangM1 (S)khu;'lang (B)hna'khaung: moh 014. mouth (131074) (L)paakMl / sopHs (S)sop: (B)pa:'cap paaŋ 015. tongue (131077) (L)linL3 (S)lin. (B)hlya taaʔ 016. teeth (131086) (L)khëëwH3 (S)khew; (B)swa: riiŋ 017. beard / mustache (131097 / 98) (L)hnuatHl / khawL1 (S)not, (B)mout'cheit'mwe:/ hnout'kham:'mwe: ksɔʔ wɛɲ

63

018. neck (131105) (L)khööL1 (S)khö: (B)lëny'ping: rɔŋɔʔ 019. shoulder (131109) (L)baaM2'hlayH2 (S)ho'maa, (B)pa.'khouM: waʔ 020. hand (131111) (L)müüL1 (S)mü: (B)lëk tɨɨi 021. right-hand (131112) (L)müüL1'khwaaH1 (S)mü:'khwaa (B)nya'lëk taŋ khɨɨi 022. left-hand (131113) (L)müüL1'saayL3 (S)mü:'saay. (B)bhë'lëk taŋ wii 023. arm (131114) (L)khëënH1 (S)khën'mü: (B)lëk'maung: triio 024. elbow (131115) (L)khëënH1'söökHl (S)sök,'mü: (B)ta.'taung'chic khɛn sɔɔk 025. palm (131121) (L)faaH2'müüL1 (S)phaa,'mü: (B)lëk’pha.'wa: trpaaŋ tɨɨi 026. finger (131122) (L)niiwL3 (S)niw.'mü: (B)lëk'khyaung: rmoos 027. fingernail (131127) (L)lepLs'müüL1 (S)nep.'mü: (B)lëk'sëny: kiər 028. breast (131140) (L)tawM3'nomL1 (S)taw;'nom: (B)ring'sa: / no.'ouM tuut 029. nipple (131141) (L)huaH1'nomL1 (S)tin,'nom: (B)no.'si: cɔɔŋ tuut 030. waist (131146) (L)saHs'phookLl / ëëwM1 (S)ew (B)kha: ʔɛɛo 031.belly (131147) (L)thööngL3 / puumM1 (S)töng. / pum

(B)baik / wum:'baik pɨl 032. navel (131148) (L)saayH1'büüM1 (S)saay'li / saay'lü (B)khyëk / khyëk'pauk srpuu 033. buttocks (131158) (L)konM3 (S)kon; (B)phing plɛɛ luu 034. feces (131159) (L)khiiH3 (S)khi; (B)kying:'kri: / khyi: / ma.'cing ʔiəʔ

64

035. to defecate (131160) (L)khiiH3 / payM1'khiiH3 (S)khi; (B)khyi:'pa'siny 036. urine (131161) (L)nyiawL2 (S)yew; (B)se: / chi: prʔɨɨm 037. to urinate (131162) (L)nyiawL2 / payM1'nyiawL2 (S)yew; (B)se:'pauk'siny / chi:'swa:'siny 038. to expel intestinal gas (131164) (L)totMs (S)tot: (B)i:'pauk'siny / le'lëny'siny pom 039. to give birth (131179) (L)käätMl'luukLl / öökMI'luukLl (S)kät, (B)mwe:'siny / phwa:'siny / mwe:'phwa:'siny kɨɨt koon 040. leg (131184) (L)khaaH1 (S)khaa (B)khri ɟuŋ 041. foot (131190) (L)tiinM1 (S)tin'khaa (B)khri'thauk ɟuŋ 042. back (131205) (L)hlangH1 (S)san'lang (B)kyö: / kyö:'koun: kndoŋ 043. to see, to look (132009) (L)henH1 / bängM2 (S)han / toy: (B)mring'si / kri.'siny muh 044. to hear, to listen (132020) (L)nyinL1 / fangL1 (S)ngin: / tham, (B)kra:'siny / na:'thaung'siny boot 045. to eat (132028) (L)kinM1 (S)kin (B)ca:'siny saa 046. to drink (132029) (L)kinM1 / düümM2(namL3) (S)kin (B)sauk'siny sɨɨn 047. to bite (132031) (L)katMs / khopHs (S)khop: (B)kaik'siny jah 048. to hold with the hand (132070) (L)thüüH1 (S)yip: (B)kaing'siny ɟup 049. to put, to place in / on (132090) (L)vaangL1 (S)way. (B)tha.'siny waaŋ

65

050. to push (132106) (L)sukLs'nyuuL3 (S)i: (B)tun:'siny ɲuu 051. to pull (132107) (L)düngL1 / laakLl / këëM2 (S)can / tüt. (B)chwë:'siny kthoʔ 052. to throw (132138) (L)nyoonL1 / khwaangH2 (S)thim; (B)pic'siny sŋdɨɨm 053. to pick up (132153) (L)kepMs (S)kep: (B)kauk'siny roos 054. to ladle (132160) (L)takMs'namL3 (S)tak:'nam. (B)re'khap'siny bat paʔaŋ 055. to run (132170) (L)lënL2 (S)lën; / ën, (B)pre:'siny pas 056. to sit (132178) (L)nangL2 (S)nang; (B)thaing'siny ɟɨʔ 057. to stand up (132182) (L)yüünM1'khünH3 (S)luk. (B)tha.'siny liʔ 058. to cough (132213) (L)ayM1 (S)ay (B)khyaung:'cho:'siny tɡɔʔ 059. 1 (260019) (L)hnüngH2 (S)nüng; (B)tic nɨŋ 060. 2 (260020) (L)sööngH1 (S)söng (B)hnic sɔɔŋ 061. 3 (260021) (L)saamH1 (S)saam (B)souM: saam 062. 4 (260022) (L)siiH2 (S)si, (B)le: sii 063. 5 (260023) (L)haaH3 (S)haa; (B)nga: haa 064. 6 (260024) (L)hokHs (S)hok: (B)khrauk hok 065. 7 (260025) (L)cetMs (S)cet: (B)khu.nic cet 066. 8 (260026) (L)pëëtMl (S)pët, (B)hric pɛɛt 067. 9 (260027) (L)kawM3 (S)kaw; (B)ko: kao

66

068. 10 (260028) (L)sipHs (S)sip: (B)ta.'chë sip 069. 11 (260052) (L)sipHs'etMs (S)sip:'et: (B)chë.'tic sip ʔet 070. 12 (260053) (L)sipHs'sööngH1 (S)sip:'söng (B)chë.'hnic sip sɔɔŋ 071. sky (011001) (L)faaL3 (S)töng.'phaa. (B)kaung:'king toŋ 072. sun (011005) (L)taaM1'venL1 (S)wan: (B)ne sŋai 073. moon (011011) (L)düanM1 / duangM1'düanM1 (S)län (B)la.'ming: kii 074. star (011016) (L)duangM1'daawM1 (S)laaw (B)krë smɛɲ 075. wind (011027) (L)lomL1 (S)lom: (B)le wɨɨr 076. rain (011036) (L)fonH1 (S)phon (B)mo: ɟar 077. it rains (011037) (L)fonH1'tokMs (S)phon'tok: (B)mo:'rwa'siny ɟar kmii 078. lightning strikes (011064) (L)faaL3'phaaH2 (S)phaa.'lang (B)mo:'kro: thee wa daa sah 079. it thunders (011065) (L)faaL3'hööngL3 (S)phaa.'phaa, (B)mo:'kro:'pic'siny trɔɔŋ kmii 080. soil, earth (012007) (L)dinM1 (S)lin (B)mre ptai 081. stone (012010) (L)köönM3'hinH1 / hmaakHl'hinH1 (S)maak,'hin (B)kyauk / kyauk'khë: kliiŋ 082. hill, mountain (012014) (L)phuuL1 (S)löy (B)taung ɡuuŋ 083. water (012032) (L)namL3 (S)nam. (B)re paʔaŋ 084. lake (012063) (L)hnööngH1 / büngM1 (S)nöng (B)kan tmboŋ

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085. river (012064) (L)mëëL2'namL3 (S)nam.'më; (B)mric paʔaŋ ruu 086. fire (012098) (L)fayL1 (S)phay: (B)mi: ʔɔs 087. smoke (012106) (L)khwanL1'fayL1 (S)kwaan: / kön: / kan: (B)mi:'kho: ptuʔ ʔɔs 088. house (060007) (L)hüanL1 (S)hän: (B)eim ɟiiŋ 089. roof (061012) (L)hlangH1'khaaL1 (S)lang'khaa: (B)eim'mo: kooŋ 090. pillar (061015) (L)sawH1 (S)saw (B)taing sraŋ 091. mat (072005) (L)saatHl (S)saat, (B)phya saat 092. comforter (072006) (L)phaaH3'homH2 (S)phaa;'hom, (B)gum:'kap kɟɨʔ 093. pillow (072014) (L)hmöönH1 (S)mön'ho (B)khaung:'ouM: kon kluu 094. mosquito net (072017) (L)mungL3 (S)sut: (B)khring'thaung muŋ 095. knife (073004) (L)miitLl (S)mit; (B)dha: miit 096. to cut (073095) (L)tatMs (S)tat: (B)phrat'siny kap 097. tail (020004) (L)haangH1 (S)haang (B)a.'mri: ktaa 098. horn (020009) (L)khawH1 (S)khaw (B)khyo ktoŋ 099. tiger (021002) (L)süaH1 (S)sä (B)kya: rwaai 100. elephant (021010) (L)saangL3 (S)caang. (B)ching saɟaaŋ 101. mouse (021022) (L)hnuuH1 (S)nu (B)krwëk knai 102. bird (022001) (L)nokLs (S)nok. (B)hngëk som

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103. to fly (022002) (L)binM1 (S)min (B)pyaM'siny par 104. egg (022010) (L)khayH2 (S)khay, (B)u. plɛɛ 105. crow (022015) (L)kaaM1 (S)kaa'lam (B)kyi: / kyi:'kan: ʔaʔ 106. buffalo (023004) (L)khwaayL1 (S)kwaay: (B)kywë: traʔ 107. cattle (023005) (L)nguaL1 (S)wo: (B)nwa: ɟləəo 108. pig (023008) (L)hmuuH1 (S)mu (B)wëk siɲ 109. horse (023016) (L)maaL3 (S)maa. (B)mring: rmaa 110. dog (023020) (L)hmaaH1 (S)maa (B)khwe: sɔɔ 111. cat (023024) (L)mëëwL1 (S)mëw: (B)kraung mɛɛo 112. chicken (023026) (L)kayM2 (S)kay, (B)krëk ʔiər 113. duck (023042) (L)petMs (S)pet: (B)bhë: kaap 114. bee (024008) (L)phängH3 (S)phüng; (B)pya: buut 115. fly (024020) (L)mëëngL1'vanL1 (S)mëng:'mon: (B)ying'kaung moos 116. mosquito (024025) (L)nyungL1 (S)yung: (B)khring ŋɔɔŋ 117. ant (024035) (L)motLs (S)mot. (B)pu.'rwëk'cheit mɛc 118. snake (024042) (L)nguuL1 (S)ngu: (B)mrwe mar 119. fish (025001) (L)paaM1 (S)paa (B)nga: kaa 120. shrimp (025030) (L)kungM3 (S)kung; (B)pu.'cun kuŋ

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121. crab (025034) (L)puuM1 (S)pu (B)ga.'Nan: raap 122. frog (025051) (L)kopMs (S)kop: / khet, (B)pha: kdaʔ 123. to fish with a rod (026015) (L)tükMs'betMs (S)wet:'paa / met:'paa (B)nga:'hmya:'siny tɨk bet 124. to kill (026026) (L)khaaH3 (S)hëm (B)sat'siny kmbəəl 125. seed (030003) (L)këënM2 (S)cä. (B)a.'ci. klooŋ 126. tree (030008) (L)tonM3'mayL3 / kokMs'mayL3 (S)ton;'may.

(B)sic'ping lam sʔuŋ 127. leaf (030021) (L)baüM1'mayL3 (S)maü'may. (B)a.'rwëk təəo sʔuŋ 128. flower (030024) (L)döökMl'mayL3 (S)mök,'may. (B)pan: plaaŋ sooi 129. bean (030044) (L)hmaakHl'thuaH2 (S)tho, (B)pë: plɛɛ ʔam 130. bamboo (031004) (L)mayL3'phayH2 / mayL3'pööngM2 (S)may. (B)wa:'ping mai phai 131. paddy plant (033003) (L)tonM3'khawH3 (S)ton;'khaw; (B)kauk'ping / ca.'pa:'ping kok paa 132. rice (033008) (L)khawH3 (S)khaw; (B)ca.'pa: / chan paa 133. sesame (034049) (L)ngaaL1 (S)ngaa: (B)hnam: lŋaa 134. ginger (034063) (L)khingH1 (S)khing (B)gying: / khying: kuŋ 135. banana (035027) (L)kuayM3 (S)koy; (B)hngëk'pyö:'si: praat 136. sugar cane (035041) (L)ööyM3 (S)öy; (B)kraM ɡlmii

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137.betel nut (035042) (L)hmaakHl'khiawL3 (S)maak,'mu. (B)kum:.'si: 138. to plant (036002) (L)puukMl (S)phuk, (B)caik'siny tɨɨl 139. plow (036012) (L)thayH1 (S)thay (B)thë thai 140. irrigated field (036016) (L)naaL1 (S)naa: (B)lë naa 141. upland field (999999) (L)hayL2 (S)hay; (B)ya'khing: / caik'khing: leeŋ 142. oil (044002) (L)namL3'manL1 (S)nam.'man: (B)chi skaal 143. salt (044005) (L)küaM1 (S)kä (B)cha: pʔiɲ 144. sugar (044010) (L)namL3'taanM1 (S)kä'waan (B)sa.'kra: nam ʔɔɔi 145. chilli (999999) (L)hmaakHl'phetHs (S)maak,'phit. (B)nga.'rout’si: prai 146. tea (045002) (L)saaL1 (S)nam.'neng; / nam.'laa. (B)re'nwe:'kram: / lëk'phëk're'kram: saa, cɛɛ, miəŋ 147. wine (045004) (L)hlawH3 (S)law; (B)a.'rëk pii 148. cigarette / tobacco (045009) (L)yaaM1'duutMl / yaaM1'suupHl (S)len:'yaa; (B)che.'leip ɟaa duut 149. to cook rice (046001) (L)hungH1'khawH3 / hnüngH3'khawH3 (S)hung'khaw;

(B)tha.'ming:'khyëk'siny / tha.'ming:'tiny'siny ɡʔɔh paa 150. firewood (046022) (L)füünL1 (S)phün: (B)thing: pən ʔɔs 151. pot (046040) (L)hmööH3 (S)mö; (B)o: tloʔ 152. to boil (046072) (L)tomM3 (S)tom; (B)kyo'siny / khyëk'siny / prout'siny tom

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153. to roast (046084) (L)piingM3 / ciiM2 (S)ping; (B)king'siny piiŋ 154. cloth (051001) (L)phëënH2'phëëL1 (S)phaa; (B)a.'thëny phɛɛn 155. to sew (051031) (L)nyipLs (S)yep. (B)khyoup'siny sweeh 156. needle (051037) (L)khemH1 (S)khem (B)ap srmos 157. thread (051042) (L)hmayH1'nyipLs (S)may (B)khyiny prsaʔ 158. to wash clothes (051063) (L)sakLs'khüangL2 (S)sak.'kho: (B)a.wut'hlyö'siny puh 159. clothes (052001) (L)khüangL2'nungL2 (S)sä;'phaa; (B)a.'wut'a.'ca: baʔ sat 160. to wear (052002) (L)nungL2 / saüH2 (S)nung; (B)wut'siny baʔ, sat 161. to undress (052003) (L)këëM3'khüangL2 / thaayH2'khüangL2 (S)thöt,'kho: (B)khyut'siny wit, təs 162. road (081007) (L)honH1'thaangL1 (S)taang: (B)lam: kruuŋ 163. village (081027) (L)baanM3 (S)waan; (B)rwa blooŋ 164. to buy (091003) (L)süüL3 (S)sü. (B)wë'siny lɛʔ 165. to sell (091004) (L)khaayH1 (S)khaay (B)raung:'siny soʔ 166. market (092003) (L)taMs'hlaatHl (S)kaat, (B)zhe: talaat 167. money (093001) (L)ngänL1 (S)ngün: (B)ngwe ŋɨɨn 168. to speak (101009) (L)paakMl / vawL3 (S)laat; (B)prö:'siny maai 169. to ask (101012) (L)thaamH1 (S)thaam (B)me:'siny saŋ

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170. to answer (101013) (L)tööpMl (S)töp, (B)phre'siny tɔɔp 171. to call (101018) (L)änM3 (S)höng. (B)khö'siny truu 172. — language (101038) (L)phaaL1'saaH1 — / khamL1'vawL3 — (S)kwaam

(B) — bha'sa maai kniəŋ (Phong language) 173. to write (111049) (L)khianH1 (S)tëm; (B)re:'siny khiən 174. paper (112001) (L)ciaM3 (S)ce; (B)cëk'ku ciə 175. to stick (112034) (L)titMs (S)tit: (B)kap'siny tit 176. to play (113001) (L)hliinH3 (S)len; (B)ka.'ca:'siny kwaa 177. song (113045) (L)phengL1 (S)kwaam: (B)si'khying: / te: khap 178. to get tired (141012) (L)müayL2 (S)hä. (B)ping'pan:'siny soʔ 179. to rest (141013) (L)sawL1'müayL2 / phakLs'phöönH2 (S)yang.'hä. / lü.'hä. (B)na:'siny sao ʔit 180. to sleep (141014) (L)nöönL1 (S)nön:'lap: (B)eip'pyö'siny taʔ 181. to die (141022) (L)taayM1 (S)taay (B)se'siny bəəl 182. age (141029) (L)aaM1'nyuLs (S)a.,saak, (B)a.'sëk ʔaɲuʔ 183. to be ill (142001/2) (L)penM1'khayH3 / cepMs'puayM2

(S)mi:'taang:'khay;'taang:'pen (B)phya:'na'siny poh 184. painful (142007) (L)cepMs (S)cep: (B)na'siny sao 185. to hiccough (142021) (L)saHs'äkMs (S)khi;'ä. (B)kro.'tho:'siny sʔɨk

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186. to burp (142022) (L)üamM3 (S)saa.' ä. (B)le'tëk'siny ʔɨəm 187. louse (142063) (L)hawH1 (S)haw (B)san: sai 188. medicine (143009) (L)yaaM1 (S)yaa;'yaa (B)che: ɟaa 189. bow (144013) (L)thaLs'nuuL1 / hnaaH3 (S)kaang, (B)le: snaa 190. arrow (144014) (L)luukLl'söönH1 / luukLl'hnaaH3 (S)pün'kaang, (B)le:'mra; kam 191. name (151003) (L)süüL2 (S)cü; (B)na'miny prnuu 192. father (152018) (L)phööL2 (S)u; / pö; (B)a.'phe jəŋ 193. mother (152020) (L)mëëL2 (S)më; (B)a.'me ʔuʔ 194. husband (152050) (L)phuaH1 (S)pho (B)yauk'kya: juŋ 195. wife (152051) (L)miaL1 (S)më: (B)za.'ni: / mein:'ma. kii 196. son (152080) (L)luukLl'saayL1 (S)luk;'caay: (B)sa: kon juŋ 197. daughter (152085) (L)luukLl'saawH1 (S)luk;'ying: (B)sa.'mi: kon kii 198. child (160002) (L)dekMs'nööyL3 (S)luk;'ön, (B)ka.'le: koon 199. male / man (160006) (L)phuuH3'saayL1 (S)phu;'caay: (B)a.'myo:'sa: kon juŋ 200. female / woman (160010) (L)phuuH3'nyingL1 / mëëL2'nyingL1 (S)phu;'ying: (B)a.'myo:'sa.'mi: kon kii 201. man / human being (160041) (L)khonL1 (S)kon: (B)lu pram 202. — people (160062) (L)phawH2 — (S)kon: — (B) — lu'myo: thai kniəŋ (Phong people)

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203. to meet with (181084) (L)phopLs / phööL3 (S)thop: (B)twe.'chouM'siny cuəp 204. to wait for (181092) (L)thaaH3 / lööL1'thaaH3 (S)paü. (B)caung.'siny kuum 205. to give to (181094) (L)awM1'haüH3 / haüH3 (S)pan (B)pe:'siny maa 206. to use (182001) (L)saüL3 (S)caü. (B)souM:'siny səə 207. to look for (182008) (L)söökLl'haaH1 (S)haa (B)hra'siny sɔɔʔ 208. to laugh (191003) (L)huaH1 (hiL1 'hiL1) (S)kho (B)rë(ri)'siny / rë(ri)'maung'siny kriih 209. to love (191018) (L)hakLs (S)hak. (B)khyic'siny phɛɛŋ 210. to fear, to be afraid of (191034) (L)yaanM3 (S)ko (B)krauk'siny tuuŋ 211. to be frightened (191036) (L)tokMs'caüM1 / tüünM2 (S)tok:'caü (B)aM.'siny / lan.'siny kndiiŋ 212. to know (192008) (L)huuL3 (S)hu. (B)si.'siny diəm 213. to remember (192023) (L)cüüM2 / cüüM2'dayM3 (S)töng: (B)hmat'mi.'siny cɨɨ 214. to forget (192024) (L)lüümL1 (S)lüm: (B)me.'siny kelweel 215. cold (201002) (L)yenM1 / hnaawH1 (S)yen / kat: (B)e:'siny / khyam:'siny ɟen 216. hot (201004) (L)höönL3 (S)may; / hön. (B)pu'siny taat 217. hungry (201011) (L)hiwH1 / yaakMl'khawH3 (S)töng.'may;'khaw; / yaak,'khaw; (B)tha.'ming:'cha'siny sao paa, jooc paa

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sao sɨɨn paʔaŋ 219. drunk (201017) (L)mawL1 (S)maw: (B)mu:'siny ʔoor 220. delicious (202001) (L)sëëpLl (S)kin'waan / li'kin (B)ca:'lo.'kaung:'siny cɛɛp 221. sweet (202003) (L)hvaanH1 (S)waan (B)khyo'siny sio 222. sour (202005) (L)somH3 (S)som; (B)khyiñ'siny sat 223. pepper-hot (202007) (L)phetHs (S)phet: (B)cap'siny prai 224. salty (202010) (L)khemL1 (S)cem: (B)ngan'siny khem 225. thing (204004) (L)khüangL2'khööngH1 (S)kho: (B)pic'ciny: krɨəŋ 226. big (204005) (L)hnyaüH2 (S)yaü, (B)kri:'siny ruu 227. small (204007) (L)nööyL3 (S)lek. (B)ngë'siny lɛɛp 228. tall, high (204009) (L)suungH1 (S)sung (B)mring.'siny suuŋ 229. low (204010) (L)tamM2 (S)tëm, (B)neim.'siny tam 230. long (204012) (L)nyaawL1 (S)yaaw: (B)hreny'siny looŋ 231. short (204013) (L)sanH3 (S)pöt: (B)to'siny kiəʔ 232. broad, wide (204016) (L)kwaangM3 (S)kwaang; (B)kyë'siny kwaaŋ 233. narrow (204017) (L)khëëpLl (S)këp; (B)kyiñ'siny khɛɛp 234. thick (204018) (L)hnaaH1 (S)naa (B)thu'siny tmɨɨl

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235. thin (204019) (L)baangM1 (S)waang (B)pa:'siny kdaa 236. deep (204020) (L)läkLs (S)lük. (B)nëk'siny lək 237. shallow (204021) (L)tüünM3 (S)tün; (B)teim'siny tɨɨn 238. round (204023) (L)monL1 (S)mon: / kom (B)waing:'siny tbɨr 239. color (204057) (L)siiH1 (S)si (B)a.'raung sii 240. red (204062) (L)dëëngM1 (S)lëng (B)a.'ni ksor 241. yellow (204063) (L)hlüangH1 (S)läng (B)a.'wa ksaai 242. blue (204064) (L)siiH1'faaL3 / siiH1'namL3'ngänL1 (S)si'som; (B)a.'pra ksɨɨŋ 243. white (204065) (L)khaawH1 (S)khaaw (B)a.'phru luuʔ 244. black (204066) (L)damM1 (S)lam (B)a.'nëk jam 245. green (204072) (L)khiawH1 (S)khew (B)a.'ceim:'raung ksɨɨŋ 246. sound, noise (205001) (L)siangH1 (S)seng (B)a.'saM siəŋ 247. light (210001) (L)bawM1 (S)waw (B)pö.'siny kɟool 248. heavy (210002) (L)hnakHs (S)nak: (B)le:'siny kɟuh 249. dry (210007) (L)hëëngH3 (S)hëng; (B)khrauk'siny pah 250. wet (210008) (L)piakMl (S)yam: (B)co'siny bɔʔ 251. soft (210010) (L)öönM2 / numL3 (S)on; (B)pyö.'siny piəʔ 252. hard (210011) (L)khëëngH1 (S)khëng (B)ma'kyö:'siny kɛɛn

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253. full (210028) (L)temM1 (S)tem (B)pri.'siny / pre.'siny kbai 254. new (210036) (L)hmaüH2 (S)maü, (B)sic'siny trmai 255. old (210037) (L)kawM2 (S)kaw, (B)haung:'siny prom 256. raw (210049) (L)dipMs (S)lip: (B)ceim:'siny rɨs 257. done, ripe (210050) (L)sukHs (S)suk: (B)hmëny.'siny kɨn 258. good (210065) (L)diiM1 (S)li (B)kaung:'siny ɟat 259. bad (210066) (L)suaL2 (S)am,'li / haay. (B)cho:'siny suə 260. difficult (210079) (L)nyaakLl (S)yaap, (B)khëk'siny lmbaʔ 261. easy (210080) (L)ngaayL2 (S)ngaay; (B)lwë'siny ŋaai 262. expensive (210083) (L)phëëngL1 / laaL1'khaaL1'suungH1 (S)kaa;'pëng:

(B)zhe:'kri:'siny phɛɛŋ 263. cheap (210083) (L)thüükHl (S)thuk, (B)zhe:'pö.'siny / zhe:'khyo'siny thɨɨk 264. clean (210086) (L)saHs'aatMl (S)mot:'saü (B)san.'hring:'siny saʔaat 265. dirty (210087) (L)püanM3 (S)ko;'käk, (B)nyic'pat'siny pɨən 266. quick, fast (210090) (L)vayL1 (S)way: (B)mran'siny wai 267. slow (210091) (L)saaL3 (S)thäng: (B)hne:'siny ʔɨŋ 268. fat (210110) (L)tuyM3 (S)pi: (B)wa.'siny miəs 269. thin (210112) (L)cööyM2 (S)yöm (B)pein'siny ɡoor

78

270. old of age (210114) (L)thawH3 / këëM2 (S)kë, (B)a.'sëk'kri:'siny briəh 271. young of age (210115) (L)hnumH2 (S)num, (B)a.'sëk'ngë'siny num 272. year (230010) (L)piiM1 (S)pi (B)hnic pii 273. this year (230012) (L)piiM1'niiL3 (S)pi'nay. (B)di'hnic lwaaŋ hai 274. last year (230015) (L)piiM1'kaayM1 (S)pi'kaay (B)ma.'hnic'ka. nɛɛl waaŋ 275. next year (230013) (L)piiM1'hnaaH3 (S)pi'te'maa: / pi'naa; (B)naung'hnic ʔool waaŋ 276. month (230044) (L)düanM1 (S)län (B)la. dɨən 277. this month (230048) (L)düanM1'niiL3 (S)län'nay. (B)di'la. dɨən hai 278. last month (230049) (L)düanM1'lëwL3 (S)län'kaay (B)a.'ring'la. dɨən kiil 279. next month (230050) (L)düanM1'hnaaH3 (S)län'te'maa: (B)nauk'la. dɨən naa 280. today (230057) (L)müüL3'niiL3 (S)mä;'nay. (B)di'ne. / di'ka.'ne. ʔii ʔoon 281. yesterday (230061) (L)müüiL3'vaanL1'niiL3 (S)mä;'waa: (B)ma.'ne.'ka. tai tʔai 282. tomorrow (230058) (L)müüL3'üünM2 (S)mä;'phuk; (B)ma.'nëk'phran paa tʔai 283. morning (230079) (L)töönM1'sawL3 (S)kaang'naü (B)ma.'nëk ptuʔ ʔoos 284. noon (230081) (L)töönM1'svaayH1 (S)kaang'wan:'teng; (B)ne.'khing: / ne.'lë nɛɛl sŋai 285. evening (230084) (L)töönM1'lëëngL1 (S)ho'kham; (B)nya.'ne ʔoor boo 286. night (230085) (L)kaangM1'khüünL1 / däkMs (S)kaang'khün: (B)nya. nɛɛl boo

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287. above (241015) (L)yuuM2'thängL1 (S)nä (B)a.'thëk taŋ tɨl 288. below (241018) (L)yuuM2'lumL2 / köönM3 (S)taü; (B)auk taŋ sɨl 289. far (241039) (L)kayM1 (S)kay (B)we:'siny ɡeeŋ 290. near (241040) (L)kaüM3 (S)cam (B)ni:'siny kdiəh 291. to come (242007) (L)maaL1 (S)maa: (B)la'siny wɨɨt 292. to go (242008) (L)payM1 (S)kwaa, (B)swa:'siny mɨr 293. to enter (242011) (L)khawH3 (S)khaw; (B)wing'siny dao 294. to exit (242012) (L)öökMl (S)ök, (B)thwëk'siny ləəs 295. I (270001) (L)khööyH3 (S)kaw'khaa; (B)kyun'tö / kyun'ma. ʔaɲ 296. you, thou (270002) (L)cawM3 (S)su'caw; (B)khing'bya: / hring: mɔɔ 297. he, she (270003) (L)laawL1 / manL1 (S)man: (B)su 298. we (270008) (L)phuakLl'hawL1 / phuakLl'khööyH3 (S)haw: (B)kyun'tö'to. / kyun'ma.'to. cuʔ ʔee 299. you, ye (270006) (L)phuakLl'cawM3 (S)su (B)khing'bya:'to. / hring:'to. cuʔ bee 300. they (270007) (L)phuakLl'laawL1 / phuakLl'khawH1 / khawH1'cawM3 (S)khaw (B)su'to. 301. I am — (250001) (L)khööyH3'penM1'khonL1 / phawH2 —


ʔaɲ kniəŋ. (I am Phong.)

80


ʔaɲ ci mɛn mɛɛo. (I am not Hmong.) 303. I have — (250003) (L)khööyH3'miiL1 — (S)kaw'khaa;'mi: —

(B)kyun'tö / kyun'ma. — hri.'siny‘' ʔaɲ ʔii koon sɔɔŋ khon. (I have two children.)

Phong Lan Autonym: kniəŋ Consultant: Phonkham Sex: Male Year of birth: 1972 Place of birth: Huai khun Village, Huamuang District, Huaphan Province Place of interview: Huai khun Village, Huamuang District, Huaphan Province Initial Consonants: p t c[ʨ] k ʔ ph[pʰ] th[tʰ] kh[kʰ] b d ɟ[ʥ] ɡ s[s, ɕ] m n ɲ ŋ l r w Vowels (Monophthongs): i ɨ u e ə o ɛ ɔ

a

82

001. body hair (131002) (L)khonH1 (S)khon (B)a.'mwe: ksɔʔ 002. skin (131003) (L)phiwH1 / hnangH1 (S)nang (B)a.'re ktɔɔh 003. bone (131006) (L)kaMs'duukMl (S)lup, / luk, (B)a.'ro: siʔiiŋ 004. blood (131011) (L)lüatLl (S)lät; (B)swe: miim 005. tears (131013) (L)namL3'taaM1 (S)nam.'taa (B)myëk'reny kmaa mat 006. sweat (131014) (L)hüaH2 (S)hä, (B)khywe: rɨə 007. head (131029) (L)huaH1 (S)ho (B)khaung: / u:'khaung: ʔɔɔʔ 008. hair (131032) (L)phomH1 (S)khon'ho (B)chaM'ping ksɔʔ ʔɔɔʔ 009. face (131041) (L)hnaaH3 / baüM1'hnaaH3 (S)naa; (B)myëk'hna ruup 010. eyebrow (131042) (L)khiwL3(taaM1) (S)khiw.'taa (B)myëk'khoun:'mwe: ŋɨnɨŋ mat 011. eyes (131043) (L)taaM1 (S)taa (B)myëk'ci. mat 012. ears (131059) (L)huuH1 (S)hu (B)na: kɤt 013. nose (131065) (L)dangM1 (S)khu;'lang (B)hna'khaung: moh 014. mouth (131074) (L)paakMl / sopHs (S)sop: (B)pa:'cap paaŋ 015. tongue (131077) (L)linL3 (S)lin. (B)hlya ntaaʔ 016. teeth (131086) (L)khëëwH3 (S)khew; (B)swa: riiŋ 017. beard / mustache (131097 / 98) (L)hnuatHl / khawL1 (S)not, (B)mout'cheit'mwe:/ hnout'kham:'mwe: ksɔʔ wooŋ

83

018. neck (131105) (L)khööL1 (S)khö: (B)lëny'ping: tkɔɔh 019. shoulder (131109) (L)baaM2'hlayH2 (S)ho'maa, (B)pa.'khouM: sowaʔ 020. hand (131111) (L)müüL1 (S)mü: (B)lëk tɨɨi 021. right-hand (131112) (L)müüL1'khwaaH1 (S)mü:'khwaa (B)nya'lëk bɨŋ sam 022. left-hand (131113) (L)müüL1'saayL3 (S)mü:'saay. (B)bhë'lëk bɨŋ wii 023. arm (131114) (L)khëënH1 (S)khën'mü: (B)lëk'maung: khanaaŋ 024. elbow (131115) (L)khëënH1'söökHl (S)sök,'mü: (B)ta.'taung'chic kɛn sɔʔ 025. palm (131121) (L)faaH2'müüL1 (S)phaa,'mü: (B)lëk’pha.'wa: trpaaŋ tɨɨi 026. finger (131122) (L)niiwL3 (S)niw.'mü: (B)lëk'khyaung: luih moih 027. fingernail (131127) (L)lepLs'müüL1 (S)nep.'mü: (B)lëk'sëny: ŋkiər 028. breast (131140) (L)tawM3'nomL1 (S)taw;'nom: (B)ring'sa: / no.'ouM pe ʔuʔ 029. nipple (131141) (L)huaH1'nomL1 (S)tin,'nom: (B)no.'si: tnɔh ʔuʔ 030. waist (131146) (L)saHs'phookLl / ëëwM1 (S)ew (B)kha: ndəp 031.belly (131147) (L)thööngL3 / puumM1 (S)töng. / pum

(B)baik / wum:'baik pɨl 032. navel (131148) (L)saayH1'büüM1 (S)saay'li / saay'lü (B)khyëk / khyëk'pauk srpuu 033. buttocks (131158) (L)konM3 (S)kon; (B)phing duh 034. feces (131159) (L)khiiH3 (S)khi; (B)kying:'kri: / khyi: / ma.'cing ʔɛɁ

84

035. to defecate (131160) (L)khiiH3 / payM1'khiiH3 (S)khi; (B)khyi:'pa'siny 036. urine (131161) (L)nyiawL2 (S)yew; (B)se: / chi: brɨɨm 037. to urinate (131162) (L)nyiawL2 / payM1'nyiawL2 (S)yew; (B)se:'pauk'siny / chi:'swa:'siny 038. to expel intestinal gas (131164) (L)totMs (S)tot: (B)i:'pauk'siny / le'lëny'siny pom 039. to give birth (131179) (L)käätMl'luukLl / öökMI'luukLl (S)kät, (B)mwe:'siny / phwa:'siny / mwe:'phwa:'siny kɨɨt koon 040. leg (131184) (L)khaaH1 (S)khaa (B)khri talaaŋ 041. foot (131190) (L)tiinM1 (S)tin'khaa (B)khri'thauk ɟuŋ 042. back (131205) (L)hlangH1 (S)san'lang (B)kyö: / kyö:'koun: ɡrooŋ 043. to see, to look (132009) (L)henH1 / bängM2 (S)han / toy: (B)mring'si / kri.'siny muh, toon 044. to hear, to listen (132020) (L)nyinL1 / fangL1 (S)ngin: / tham, (B)kra:'siny / na:'thaung'siny diəm, smoor 045. to eat (132028) (L)kinM1 (S)kin (B)ca:'siny saa 046. to drink (132029) (L)kinM1 / düümM2(namL3) (S)kin (B)sauk'siny sɨɨn 047. to bite (132031) (L)katMs / khopHs (S)khop: (B)kaik'siny kiət 048. to hold with the hand (132070) (L)thüüH1 (S)yip: (B)kaing'siny sap 049. to put, to place in / on (132090) (L)vaangL1 (S)way. (B)tha.'siny plaɁ

85

050. to push (132106) (L)sukLs'nyuuL3 (S)i: (B)tun:'siny ɲuu 051. to pull (132107) (L)düngL1 / laakLl / këëM2 (S)can / tüt. (B)chwë:'siny kthɔk 052. to throw (132138) (L)nyoonL1 / khwaangH2 (S)thim; (B)pic'siny ndɨɨm 053. to pick up (132153) (L)kepMs (S)kep: (B)kauk'siny ɟup 054. to ladle (132160) (L)takMs'namL3 (S)tak:'nam. (B)re'khap'siny bat kmaa 055. to run (132170) (L)lënL2 (S)lën; / ën, (B)pre:'siny soŋ ɡoəc 056. to sit (132178) (L)nangL2 (S)nang; (B)thaing'siny ɟɨɨʔ 057. to stand up (132182) (L)yüünM1'khünH3 (S)luk. (B)tha.'siny sar 058. to cough (132213) (L)ayM1 (S)ay (B)khyaung:'cho:'siny dɡɔʔ 059. 1 (260019) (L)hnüngH2 (S)nüng; (B)tic 060. 2 (260020) (L)sööngH1 (S)söng (B)hnic baar 061. 3 (260021) (L)saamH1 (S)saam (B)souM: 062. 4 (260022) (L)siiH2 (S)si, (B)le: 063. 5 (260023) (L)haaH3 (S)haa; (B)nga: 064. 6 (260024) (L)hokHs (S)hok: (B)khrauk 065. 7 (260025) (L)cetMs (S)cet: (B)khu.nic 066. 8 (260026) (L)pëëtMl (S)pët, (B)hric 067. 9 (260027) (L)kawM3 (S)kaw; (B)ko:

86

068. 10 (260028) (L)sipHs (S)sip: (B)ta.'chë 069. 11 (260052) (L)sipHs'etMs (S)sip:'et: (B)chë.'tic 070. 12 (260053) (L)sipHs'sööngH1 (S)sip:'söng (B)chë.'hnic 071. sky (011001) (L)faaL3 (S)töng.'phaa. (B)kaung:'king toŋ 072. sun (011005) (L)taaM1'venL1 (S)wan: (B)ne sŋai 073. moon (011011) (L)düanM1 / duangM1'düanM1 (S)län (B)la.'ming: kii 074. star (011016) (L)duangM1'daawM1 (S)laaw (B)krë smɛɲ 075. wind (011027) (L)lomL1 (S)lom: (B)le ʔəmpoŋ 076. rain (011036) (L)fonH1 (S)phon (B)mo: ɟar 077. it rains (011037) (L)fonH1'tokMs (S)phon'tok: (B)mo:'rwa'siny klɔh ɟar 078. lightning strikes (011064) (L)faaL3'phaaH2 (S)phaa.'lang (B)mo:'kro: phii bdaa sah 079. it thunders (011065) (L)faaL3'hööngL3 (S)phaa.'phaa, (B)mo:'kro:'pic'siny trɔɔŋ kmii 080. soil, earth (012007) (L)dinM1 (S)lin (B)mre ptai 081. stone (012010) (L)köönM3'hinH1 / hmaakHl'hinH1 (S)maak,'hin (B)kyauk / kyauk'khë: kliiŋ 082. hill, mountain (012014) (L)phuuL1 (S)löy (B)taung psəh 083. water (012032) (L)namL3 (S)nam. (B)re kmaa 084. lake (012063) (L)hnööngH1 / büngM1 (S)nöng (B)kan muur kmaa

87

085. river (012064) (L)mëëL2'namL3 (S)nam.'më; (B)mric kpɔh meek 086. fire (012098) (L)fayL1 (S)phay: (B)mi: oəih 087. smoke (012106) (L)khwanL1'fayL1 (S)kwaan: / kön: / kan: (B)mi:'kho: ptoʔ oəih 088. house (060007) (L)hüanL1 (S)hän: (B)eim ɟiiŋ 089. roof (061012) (L)hlangH1'khaaL1 (S)lang'khaa: (B)eim'mo: kooŋ ɟiiŋ 090. pillar (061015) (L)sawH1 (S)saw (B)taing sraŋ 091. mat (072005) (L)saatHl (S)saat, (B)phya saat 092. comforter (072006) (L)phaaH3'homH2 (S)phaa;'hom, (B)gum:'kap stuk 093. pillow (072014) (L)hmöönH1 (S)mön'ho (B)khaung:'ouM: ɡool kluu 094. mosquito net (072017) (L)mungL3 (S)sut: (B)khring'thaung muŋ 095. knife (073004) (L)miitLl (S)mit; (B)dha: miit 096. to cut (073095) (L)tatMs (S)tat: (B)phrat'siny kap 097. tail (020004) (L)haangH1 (S)haang (B)a.'mri: ktaa 098. horn (020009) (L)khawH1 (S)khaw (B)khyo ktoŋ 099. tiger (021002) (L)süaH1 (S)sä (B)kya: rwaai 100. elephant (021010) (L)saangL3 (S)caang. (B)ching saɟaaŋ 101. mouse (021022) (L)hnuuH1 (S)nu (B)krwëk khanai 102. bird (022001) (L)nokLs (S)nok. (B)hngëk som

88

103. to fly (022002) (L)binM1 (S)min (B)pyaM'siny mpar 104. egg (022010) (L)khayH2 (S)khay, (B)u. plee 105. crow (022015) (L)kaaM1 (S)kaa'lam (B)kyi: / kyi:'kan: klʔaaʔ 106. buffalo (023004) (L)ckhwaayL1 (S)kwaay: (B)kywë: traaʔ 107. cattle (023005) (L)nguaL1 (S)wo: (B)nwa: ɟileeo 108. pig (023008) (L)hmuuH1 (S)mu (B)wëk siɲ 109. horse (023016) (L)maaL3 (S)maa. (B)mring: rmaa 110. dog (023020) (L)hmaaH1 (S)maa (B)khwe: sɔɔ 111. cat (023024) (L)mëëwL1 (S)mëw: (B)kraung meəo 112. chicken (023026) (L)kayM2 (S)kay, (B)krëk ʔiər 113. duck (023042) (L)petMs (S)pet: (B)bhë: ʔaap 114. bee (024008) (L)phängH3 (S)phüng; (B)pya: buut 115. fly (024020) (L)mëëngL1'vanL1 (S)mëng:'mon: (B)ying'kaung muuih 116. mosquito (024025) (L)nyungL1 (S)yung: (B)khring ʔiʔ ŋɔɔŋ 117. ant (024035) (L)motLs (S)mot. (B)pu.'rwëk'cheit mɛc 118. snake (024042) (L)nguuL1 (S)ngu: (B)mrwe mar 119. fish (025001) (L)paaM1 (S)paa (B)nga: kaa 120. shrimp (025030) (L)kungM3 (S)kung; (B)pu.'cun kuŋ

89

121. crab (025034) (L)puuM1 (S)pu (B)ga.'Nan: raap 122. frog (025051) (L)kopMs (S)kop: / khet, (B)pha: ɡdaʔ 123. to fish with a rod (026015) (L)tükMs'betMs (S)wet:'paa / met:'paa (B)nga:'hmya:'siny thɨk bet 124. to kill (026026) (L)khaaH3 (S)hëm (B)sat'siny ɡmbɨɨl 125. seed (030003) (L)këënM2 (S)cä. (B)a.'ci. klooŋ 126. tree (030008) (L)tonM3'mayL3 / kokMs'mayL3 (S)ton;'may.

(B)sic'ping lam sʔuŋ 127. leaf (030021) (L)baüM1'mayL3 (S)maü'may. (B)a.'rwëk tiiu sʔuŋ 128. flower (030024) (L)döökMl'mayL3 (S)mök,'may. (B)pan: plaaŋ sʔuŋ 129. bean (030044) (L)hmaakHl'thuaH2 (S)tho, (B)pë: plee doəih 130. bamboo (031004) (L)mayL3'phayH2 / mayL3'pööngM2 (S)may. (B)wa:'ping mai phai 131. paddy plant (033003) (L)tonM3'khawH3 (S)ton;'khaw; (B)kauk'ping / ca.'pa:'ping lam paa 132. rice (033008) (L)khawH3 (S)khaw; (B)ca.'pa: / chan paa 133. sesame (034049) (L)ngaaL1 (S)ngaa: (B)hnam: lŋaa 134. ginger (034063) (L)khingH1 (S)khing (B)gying: / khying: kuŋ 135. banana (035027) (L)kuayM3 (S)koy; (B)hngëk'pyö:'si: praat 136. sugar cane (035041) (L)ööyM3 (S)öy; (B)kraM sɔʔɔɔm

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137.betel nut (035042) (L)hmaakHl'khiawL3 (S)maak,'mu. (B)kum:.'si: 138. to plant (036002) (L)puukMl (S)phuk, (B)caik'siny tɨɨl 139. plow (036012) (L)thayH1 (S)thay (B)thë thai 140. irrigated field (036016) (L)naaL1 (S)naa: (B)lë naa 141. upland field (999999) (L)hayL2 (S)hay; (B)ya'khing: / caik'khing: leeŋ 142. oil (044002) (L)namL3'manL1 (S)nam.'man: (B)chi skaal 143. salt (044005) (L)küaM1 (S)kä (B)cha: peʔeɲ 144. sugar (044010) (L)namL3'taanM1 (S)kä'waan (B)sa.'kra: nam ʔɔɔi 145. chilli (999999) (L)hmaakHl'phetHs (S)maak,'phit. (B)nga.'rout’si: prai 146. tea (045002) (L)saaL1 (S)nam.'neng; / nam.'laa. (B)re'nwe:'kram: / lëk'phëk're'kram: saa 147. wine (045004) (L)hlawH3 (S)law; (B)a.'rëk braai 148. cigarette / tobacco (045009) (L)yaaM1'duutMl / yaaM1'suupHl (S)len:'yaa; (B)che.'leip ɟaa duut 149. to cook rice (046001) (L)hungH1'khawH3 / hnüngH3'khawH3 (S)hung'khaw;

(B)tha.'ming:'khyëk'siny / tha.'ming:'tiny'siny ɡɔʔɔh paa 150. firewood (046022) (L)füünL1 (S)phün: (B)thing: pnʔoəih 151. pot (046040) (L)hmööH3 (S)mö; (B)o: tlɔk 152. to boil (046072) (L)tomM3 (S)tom; (B)kyo'siny / khyëk'siny / prout'siny tom

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153. to roast (046084) (L)piingM3 / ciiM2 (S)ping; (B)king'siny piiŋ 154. cloth (051001) (L)phëënH2'phëëL1 (S)phaa; (B)a.'thëny pheən 155. to sew (051031) (L)nyipLs (S)yep. (B)khyoup'siny srɨŋ 156. needle (051037) (L)khemH1 (S)khem (B)ap srmɛh 157. thread (051042) (L)hmayH1'nyipLs (S)may (B)khyiny saʔ srɨŋ 158. to wash clothes (051063) (L)sakLs'khüangL2 (S)sak.'kho: (B)a.wut'hlyö'siny sak 159. clothes (052001) (L)khüangL2'nungL2 (S)sä;'phaa; (B)a.'wut'a.'ca: baʔ sat 160. to wear (052002) (L)nungL2 / saüH2 (S)nung; (B)wut'siny baʔ, sat 161. to undress (052003) (L)këëM3'khüangL2 / thaayH2'khüangL2 (S)thöt,'kho: (B)khyut'siny bən, tɛh 162. road (081007) (L)honH1'thaangL1 (S)taang: (B)lam: kruŋ 163. village (081027) (L)baanM3 (S)waan; (B)rwa blooŋ 164. to buy (091003) (L)süüL3 (S)sü. (B)wë'siny lɛʔ 165. to sell (091004) (L)khaayH1 (S)khaay (B)raung:'siny paaɲ 166. market (092003) (L)taMs'hlaatHl (S)kaat, (B)zhe: talaat 167. money (093001) (L)ngänL1 (S)ngün: (B)ngwe ŋən 168. to speak (101009) (L)paakMl / vawL3 (S)laat; (B)prö:'siny maai 169. to ask (101012) (L)thaamH1 (S)thaam (B)me:'siny saŋ

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170. to answer (101013) (L)tööpMl (S)töp, (B)phre'siny tɔɔp 171. to call (101018) (L)änM3 (S)höng. (B)khö'siny truu 172. — language (101038) (L)phaaL1'saaH1 — / khamL1'vawL3 — (S)kwaam

(B) — bha'sa maai kniəŋ (Phong language) 173. to write (111049) (L)khianH1 (S)tëm; (B)re:'siny khiən 174. paper (112001) (L)ciaM3 (S)ce; (B)cëk'ku ciə 175. to stick (112034) (L)titMs (S)tit: (B)kap'siny tit 176. to play (113001) (L)hliinH3 (S)len; (B)ka.'ca:'siny rɨɨi 177. song (113045) (L)phengL1 (S)kwaam: (B)si'khying: / te: khap 178. to get tired (141012) (L)müayL2 (S)hä. (B)ping'pan:'siny ʔit 179. to rest (141013) (L)sawL1'müayL2 / phakLs'phöönH2 (S)yang.'hä. / lü.'hä. (B)na:'siny laao ʔit 180. to sleep (141014) (L)nöönL1 (S)nön:'lap: (B)eip'pyö'siny taaʔ 181. to die (141022) (L)taayM1 (S)taay (B)se'siny bɨɨl 182. age (141029) (L)aaM1'nyuLs (S)a.,saak, (B)a.'sëk ʔaɲuʔ 183. to be ill (142001/2) (L)penM1'khayH3 / cepMs'puayM2

(S)mi:'taang:'khay;'taang:'pen (B)phya:'na'siny sɔʔ riu 184. painful (142007) (L)cepMs (S)cep: (B)na'siny sao 185. to hiccough (142021) (L)saHs'äkMs (S)khi;'ä. (B)kro.'tho:'siny səŋɡək

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186. to burp (142022) (L)üamM3 (S)saa.' ä. (B)le'tëk'siny knʔɨək 187. louse (142063) (L)hawH1 (S)haw (B)san: sai 188. medicine (143009) (L)yaaM1 (S)yaa;'yaa (B)che: ɟaa 189. bow (144013) (L)thaLs'nuuL1 / hnaaH3 (S)kaang, (B)le: snaa 190. arrow (144014) (L)luukLl'söönH1 / luukLl'hnaaH3 (S)pün'kaang, (B)le:'mra: kam 191. name (151003) (L)süüL2 (S)cü; (B)na'miny rnuu 192. father (152018) (L)phööL2 (S)u; / pö; (B)a.'phe ɟɔɔŋ 193. mother (152020) (L)mëëL2 (S)më; (B)a.'me ɟiɔ 194. husband (152050) (L)phuaH1 (S)pho (B)yauk'kya: ʔah ɟoŋ 195. wife (152051) (L)miaL1 (S)më: (B)za.'ni: / mein:'ma. ʔah kii 196. son (152080) (L)luukLl'saayL1 (S)luk;'caay: (B)sa: koon ʔah ɟoŋ 197. daughter (152085) (L)luukLl'saawH1 (S)luk;'ying: (B)sa.'mi: koon ʔah kii 198. child (160002) (L)dekMs'nööyL3 (S)luk;'ön, (B)ka.'le: koon, koon lɨk 199. male / man (160006) (L)phuuH3'saayL1 (S)phu;'caay: (B)a.'myo:'sa: koon ʔah ɟoŋ 200. female / woman (160010) (L)phuuH3'nyingL1 / mëëL2'nyingL1 (S)phu;'ying: (B)a.'myo:'sa.'mi: koon ʔah kii 201. man / human being (160041) (L)khonL1 (S)kon: (B)lu pram 202. — people (160062) (L)phawH2 — (S)kon: — (B) — lu'myo: thai kniəŋ (Phong people)

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203. to meet with (181084) (L)phopLs / phööL3 (S)thop: (B)twe.'chouM'siny cuəp 204. to wait for (181092) (L)thaaH3 / lööL1'thaaH3 (S)paü. (B)caung.'siny kuum 205. to give to (181094) (L)awM1'haüH3 / haüH3 (S)pan (B)pe:'siny maa 206. to use (182001) (L)saüL3 (S)caü. (B)souM:'siny sɨh 207. to look for (182008) (L)söökLl'haaH1 (S)haa (B)hra'siny sɔʔ 208. to laugh (191003) (L)huaH1 (hiL1 'hiL1) (S)kho (B)rë(ri)'siny / rë(ri)'maung'siny krih 209. to love (191018) (L)hakLs (S)hak. (B)khyic'siny pheəŋ 210. to fear, to be afraid of (191034) (L)yaanM3 (S)ko (B)krauk'siny tuŋ 211. to be frightened (191036) (L)tokMs'caüM1 / tüünM2 (S)tok:'caü (B)aM.'siny / lan.'siny təlal 212. to know (192008) (L)huuL3 (S)hu. (B)si.'siny diəm 213. to remember (192023) (L)cüüM2 / cüüM2'dayM3 (S)töng: (B)hmat'mi.'siny cɨɨ 214. to forget (192024) (L)lüümL1 (S)lüm: (B)me.'siny kelweel 215. cold (201002) (L)yenM1 / hnaawH1 (S)yen / kat: (B)e:'siny / khyam:'siny ɟen 216. hot (201004) (L)höönL3 (S)may; / hön. (B)pu'siny puuʔ 217. hungry (201011) (L)hiwH1 / yaakMl'khawH3 (S)töng.'may;'khaw; / yaak,'khaw; (B)tha.'ming:'cha'siny ɟooc paa

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caat sɨɨn kmaa 219. drunk (201017) (L)mawL1 (S)maw: (B)mu:'siny ʔoor 220. delicious (202001) (L)sëëpLl (S)kin'waan / li'kin (B)ca:'lo.'kaung:'siny ɟeəp 221. sweet (202003) (L)hvaanH1 (S)waan (B)khyo'siny siəo 222. sour (202005) (L)somH3 (S)som; (B)khyiñ'siny sat 223. pepper-hot (202007) (L)phetHs (S)phet: (B)cap'siny prai 224. salty (202010) (L)khemL1 (S)cem: (B)ngan'siny khem 225. thing (204004) (L)khüangL2'khööngH1 (S)kho: (B)pic'ciny: krɨəŋ 226. big (204005) (L)hnyaüH2 (S)yaü, (B)kri:'siny meek 227. small (204007) (L)nööyL3 (S)lek. (B)ngë'siny ʔeet 228. tall, high (204009) (L)suungH1 (S)sung (B)mring.'siny suuŋ 229. low (204010) (L)tamM2 (S)tëm, (B)neim.'siny tam 230. long (204012) (L)nyaawL1 (S)yaaw: (B)hreny'siny looŋ 231. short (204013) (L)sanH3 (S)pöt: (B)to'siny kɛʔ 232. broad, wide (204016) (L)kwaangM3 (S)kwaang; (B)kyë'siny kwaaŋ 233. narrow (204017) (L)khëëpLl (S)këp; (B)kyiñ'siny kheəp 234. thick (204018) (L)hnaaH1 (S)naa (B)thu'siny ktɔn

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235. thin (204019) (L)baangM1 (S)waang (B)pa:'siny ŋənaa 236. deep (204020) (L)läkLs (S)lük. (B)nëk'siny lɤk 237. shallow (204021) (L)tüünM3 (S)tün; (B)teim'siny tɨɨn 238. round (204023) (L)monL1 (S)mon: / kom (B)waing:'siny dbɨr 239. color (204057) (L)siiH1 (S)si (B)a.'raung sii 240. red (204062) (L)dëëngM1 (S)lëng (B)a.'ni ksor 241. yellow (204063) (L)hlüangH1 (S)läng (B)a.'wa ksaai 242. blue (204064) (L)siiH1'faaL3 / siiH1'namL3'ngänL1 (S)si'som; (B)a.'pra lee 243. white (204065) (L)khaawH1 (S)khaaw (B)a.'phru luuʔ 244. black (204066) (L)damM1 (S)lam (B)a.'nëk ŋɛɲ 245. green (204072) (L)khiawH1 (S)khew (B)a.'ceim:'raung kciəo 246. sound, noise (205001) (L)siangH1 (S)seng (B)a.'saM siəŋ 247. light (210001) (L)bawM1 (S)waw (B)pö.'siny ɡɟool 248. heavy (210002) (L)hnakHs (S)nak: (B)le:'siny ɡɟuh 249. dry (210007) (L)hëëngH3 (S)hëng; (B)khrauk'siny pah 250. wet (210008) (L)piakMl (S)yam: (B)co'siny bɔʔ 251. soft (210010) (L)öönM2 / numL3 (S)on; (B)pyö.'siny piəʔ 252. hard (210011) (L)khëëngH1 (S)khëng (B)ma'kyö:'siny keən

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253. full (210028) (L)temM1 (S)tem (B)pri.'siny / pre.'siny ɡbai 254. new (210036) (L)hmaüH2 (S)maü, (B)sic'siny trmai 255. old (210037) (L)kawM2 (S)kaw, (B)haung:'siny prom 256. raw (210049) (L)dipMs (S)lip: (B)ceim:'siny rih 257. done, ripe (210050) (L)sukHs (S)suk: (B)hmëny.'siny kɨn 258. good (210065) (L)diiM1 (S)li (B)kaung:'siny ɟat 259. bad (210066) (L)suaL2 (S)am,'li / haay. (B)cho:'siny sua 260. difficult (210079) (L)nyaakLl (S)yaap, (B)khëk'siny ɲaaʔ 261. easy (210080) (L)ngaayL2 (S)ngaay; (B)lwë'siny ŋaai 262. expensive (210083) (L)phëëngL1 / laaL1'khaaL1'suungH1 (S)kaa;'pëng:

(B)zhe:'kri:'siny pheəŋ 263. cheap (210083) (L)thüükHl (S)thuk, (B)zhe:'pö.'siny / zhe:'khyo'siny thɨɨk 264. clean (210086) (L)saHs'aatMl (S)mot:'saü (B)san.'hring:'siny ŋaam 265. dirty (210087) (L)püanM3 (S)ko;'käk, (B)nyic'pat'siny smbuur 266. quick, fast (210090) (L)vayL1 (S)way: (B)mran'siny wai 267. slow (210091) (L)saaL3 (S)thäng: (B)hne:'siny ʔɨŋ 268. fat (210110) (L)tuyM3 (S)pi: (B)wa.'siny bloŋ 269. thin (210112) (L)cööyM2 (S)yöm (B)pein'siny ɡoor

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270. old of age (210114) (L)thawH3 / këëM2 (S)kë, (B)a.'sëk'kri:'siny thao 271. young of age (210115) (L)hnumH2 (S)num, (B)a.'sëk'ngë'siny num 272. year (230010) (L)piiM1 (S)pi (B)hnic pii 273. this year (230012) (L)piiM1'niiL3 (S)pi'nay. (B)di'hnic waaŋ niəh 274. last year (230015) (L)piiM1'kaayM1 (S)pi'kaay (B)ma.'hnic'ka. nɛɛl waaŋ 275. next year (230013) (L)piiM1'hnaaH3 (S)pi'te'maa: / pi'naa; (B)naung'hnic ʔol waaŋ 276. month (230044) (L)düanM1 (S)län (B)la. dɨən 277. this month (230048) (L)düanM1'niiL3 (S)län'nay. (B)di'la. dɨən nɛɛ 278. last month (230049) (L)düanM1'lëwL3 (S)län'kaay (B)a.'ring'la. dɨən ʔɔk klaai 279. next month (230050) (L)düanM1'hnaaH3 (S)län'te'maa: (B)nauk'la. dɨən tɨl ʔɛɛ 280. today (230057) (L)müüL3'niiL3 (S)mä;'nay. (B)di'ne. / di'ka.'ne. ʔaʔoon 281. yesterday (230061) (L)müüiL3'vaanL1'niiL3 (S)mä;'waa: (B)ma.'ne.'ka. tɛɛ tniəh 282. tomorrow (230058) (L)müüL3'üünM2 (S)mä;'phuk; (B)ma.'nëk'phran pniəh 283. morning (230079) (L)töönM1'sawL3 (S)kaang'naü (B)ma.'nëk nɛl uəih 284. noon (230081) (L)töönM1'svaayH1 (S)kaang'wan:'teng; (B)ne.'khing: / ne.'lë nɛl sŋai 285. evening (230084) (L)töönM1'lëëngL1 (S)ho'kham; (B)nya.'ne nɛl bao 286. night (230085) (L)kaangM1'khüünL1 / däkMs (S)kaang'khün: (B)nya. nɛl sabao

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287. above (241015) (L)yuuM2'thängL1 (S)nä (B)a.'thëk kntɨl 288. below (241018) (L)yuuM2'lumL2 / köönM3 (S)taü; (B)auk knsɨl 289. far (241039) (L)kayM1 (S)kay (B)we:'siny klaai 290. near (241040) (L)kaüM3 (S)cam (B)ni:'siny ɡdiəh 291. to come (242007) (L)maaL1 (S)maa: (B)la'siny wɨt 292. to go (242008) (L)payM1 (S)kwaa, (B)swa:'siny mɨr 293. to enter (242011) (L)khawH3 (S)khaw; (B)wing'siny dao 294. to exit (242012) (L)öökMl (S)ök, (B)thwëk'siny lih 295. I (270001) (L)khööyH3 (S)kaw'khaa; (B)kyun'tö / kyun'ma. ʔɛɲ 296. you, thou (270002) (L)cawM3 (S)su'caw; (B)khing'bya: / hring: mɔɔ 297. he, she (270003) (L)laawL1 / manL1 (S)man: (B)su nɨɨ nɛɛ 298. we (270008) (L)phuakLl'hawL1 / phuakLl'khööyH3 (S)haw: (B)kyun'tö'to. / kyun'ma.'to. ʔah ʔai 299. you, ye (270006) (L)phuakLl'cawM3 (S)su (B)khing'bya:'to. / hring:'to. cuʔ bai 300. they (270007) (L)phuakLl'laawL1 / phuakLl'khawH1 / khawH1'cawM3 (S)khaw (B)su'to. cuʔ ʔii 301. I am — (250001) (L)khööyH3'penM1'khonL1 / phawH2 —


ʔɛɲ pen pram kniəŋ (I am Phong.)

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ʔɛɲ ci mɛn pram rii. (I am not Lao.) 303. I have — (250003) (L)khööyH3'miiL1 — (S)kaw'khaa;'mi: —

(B)kyun'tö / kyun'ma. — hri.'siny‘' ʔɛɲ ʔii koon baar khon. (I have two children.)

Linguistic Survey of Phong Language in Lao P.D.R.

2013 (平成 25 / 皇紀 2673) 年 12月 24日発行

著者 Kato Takashi 加藤高志

発行東京外国語大学アジア・アフリカ言語文化研究所〒183-8534東京都府中市朝日町 3-11-1

電子製版木塚克代

印刷日本ルート印刷出版株式会社〒135-0007東京都江東区新大橋 1－5－4

永谷ビル

Ⓒ2013 by T. Kato ISBN 978-4-86337-150-7

linguistic survery of phong language in lao...

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