lineas directrices emn ocde 1976

7/27/2019 Lineas Directrices EMN OCDE 1976

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DECLARATIONBY THE GOVERNMENTS OF'OECD MEMBER COUNTRIES

and

DECISIONS OF THE OECD CO UN CIL

on

GUIDELINES FORMULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES

NATIONAL TREATMENT

INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENTINCENTIVES A N D DISINCENTIVES

CONSULTATION PROCEDURES

ORGANISATIONiCOHOMIC CO-OKRATIONA N DDEVELOPMENT


2/20

T h e O rg a n i s a t i o n f o r Econoinic C o - o p e r a t i o n a n d Deve l -opment (O E C D ) was s et u p un de r a. Co nve n t ion s igned inParis onI4th December, 1 96 0 , w h i c h p r o v i d e s t h a t t h e O E C D shall p r omote po l i c i e s de s igned :

to ach ieve the hghest s u s t a i n a b l e economic g r o w t h aidemployment a n d a rising s t a nd a r d o f l i v ing i n Membercoun t r i e s , while maintainng financial sta bil i ty , an d th usto con t r i bu t e t o t he developmentof the world e c o n o m y ;

to con t r i bu t e to sound econo m ic expansin i n M e m b e r a swell as non-membercount r ies in the process o f economicdevelopment ;

to co n t r i b u t e t o t he expansin of wo r ld t ra de on a m ul t il a t e r a l , non -d i s c r im ina to r y ba s is i n acc o rd anc ewith inter-n a t i o n a l o b l i g a t i o n s .T h e Memberso f O E C D a r e A u s t r a li a , A u s t r i a ,B e l g i u m , C a n a -

d a , D e n m a r k , F i n l a n d , F r a n c e , t h e F e d e r a l R e p u b l i c o fG e r m a n y,G r e e c e , Iceland, I r e l a n d , I t a ly, J a p a n , L u x e m b o u r g , t h e N e t h e r -l a n d s , N e w Z e a l a n d , N o r w a y, P o r t u g a l , S p a i n , S w e d e n , S w i t z e r -land, Tu r k e y, t h e U n i t e d K i n g d o m a n d t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s .

* *

O E C D , 1976.Quer i e s conce rn ing pe rmi s s ions o r t r ans l a t i on rights should beadd re s sed t o :

D i r e c to r o f I n f o r m a t i o n , O E C D2 , ru A n d r - P a s c a l , 75775 PARS CEDEX16 , F rance .


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CONTENTS

Foreword, by the Secretary-General 5Declarat ion by the Govemmentso f O E C D Membercount r i es . . 7Guidelines for Mult inational Enterprises 11Decisin of the Council on Inter-GovernmentalConsultat ionProcedureson the Guidelines for Mult inational Enterprises 19

Decisinof the Counci l n Nat iona l Trea tment 21Decisinof the Council on Intern ation al Inve stmen t Incentivesan d Disincentives 23


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FOREWORD

A t t h e M e e t i n g f t h e O E C D C o u n c i l a t M i n i s t e r i a l level w h i c htook p l ace on 2ist-22ndJ u n e , 1 97 6 , a n i m p o r t a n t s te pwas t a k e n t oe x t e n d co-operation amongM e m b e r countres i n t he rea o I n t e r n at i o n a l investmenta n d multinationale n t e r p r i s e s . T h e Declarationa n d

Dec i s i on s r ep roduced i n t h i s pub l i c a t i on a r e t he e s s en t i a lelements ofth i s a c t o n . T h e y aim a t improving t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l i n v e s t m e n t cli-mate t h r o u g h j o i n t u n d e r t a k i n g sby t h e g o v e r n m e n t s o f M e m b e r c o u nt r e s w h i ch shou ld strengthen confidenceb e t w e e n m u l t i n a t i o n a l e n t e rp r i s e s an d S t a t e s ; t hey a im fu r t he r a t encou rag ing t he pos i t i ve con t r i -b u t i o n s o f m u l t i n a t i o n a l e n t e r p r i s e s t o e c o n o m i c a n d s o c ia l p r o g r e ssa n d minimisingor reso lv ing difficultiest h a t may resu l t from t h e i r a c t i -v i t i es , t h r o u g h internationally-agreedg u i d e l i n e s , inter-governmentalc o n s u l t a t i o n s a n d review m e c h a n i s m s .

T h i s i s a p i o n e e r i n g a p p r o a c h i n ahighly complexa n d w i d e l yd e b a t e d s u b j e c t . Cornp lex , because the i s sues invo lved cu t ac ross theeconomi c and soc i a ls p c c t r u m , a s t hey affect, fo r i n s t anc e , i n t e rn a t i o na lt radc , ba lance o f payments , f inance ,t e c h n o l o g y, c o m p e t i t i o n a n d mar-k e t s t r u c t u r e s , industrial p a t t e r n s a n d e m p l o y m e n t . T h e d e b a t e par t i cu l a r y on mu l t i na t i on a l en t e rp r i s e s has l a cked a gen e ra l f r am e -wor k o f un de r s t an d i ng o r co m m on a pp ro ac h a s t o how to a sses s t heproblemsand deve lop pos s ib l e so lu t i ons , a swell a s i n t e rna t i ona l r e f e -r e n c e m a t e r i a l . T h i s h a d left gove rnmen t s , po l i t i c i an s , pub l i c i n fo r-mationm e d i a , t h e b u s in e s s c o m m u n i t y , l a b o u r o rg a n i s a t i o n s a n dotherintercsted p a r t i e s s o m e w h a t w i t h o u t g u i d a n c e i n t h is i m p o r t a n treaw hic h , neve r the l e s s , r em a in ed i n t he fo re f ron t o f pub l i ca t t e n t i o n .

T h e s t ep t aken i n t he O E C D m ay fill t h i svacuum b y p r o v i d i n gsuch terms of re fe rence and eliminating someo f t he unce r t a in t i e s an dm i s c o n c e p t i o n s t h a t t o ooften c o n fuse t h e d e b a t e o n t he se m a t t e r s bo tha t n a t i o n a l a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l f o r a . I t i s th e resu l t o f th or ou gh s tud iesa n d intensive neg ot ia t ion s , a s wel l a s con su l ta t ion s wi th the Bus inessa n d Industry A d v i s o r y C o m m i t t e e (BIAC) a n d t he Tr a d e U n i o n A d -v i so r y C o m m i t t e e (TUAC)w h i c h h a v e publicly welcomedt h e conc lusin of this effort. T h e c o n s e n su s t h u s r e a c h e d i n t h e O E C D r e p r e s e n tsa j o i n t p h i l o s o p h y a n d c o m m o n a p p r o a c h o n t h e p a r t of a g r o u p o fcountriesa c c o u n t i n g f o r most i n t e r n a t i o n a l i n v e s t m e n t . T h i s s h o u l d

h a v e a n in f lu e n c e e v e n b e y o n d t h e O E C D r e a .In t h e l onge r perspective th e effect iveness of th is act io n m a y beincreasedby t he foliow - u p w h i c h th e g o v e r n m e n t s o f O E C D M e m b e rc o u n t r i e s will give to i t m t h e cou r se o f t he con su l t a t i o n p roc edu re sa n d the c o n t i n u i n g efforts withinO E C D w h i c h m a y lead t o f u r t he ri n t e rna t i on a l a r r an ge m en t s an d ag re em en t s i n t h i s f ie ld .

T h e i n t e r e s t an d pub l i c i t y i t h a s re ce ived an d t he f avo u rab l ein i t i a l r e a c t i on of t he bus ine s s co m m un i ty and t he l ab ou r o rg an i s a t i o n sjust i fy high expectationso f t he i r p r ac t i c a l impac t .

E. va n LEN NEPSecretary-General


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DECLARATIONONINTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT

AND MULTINACIONAL ENfERPRISES(2ist June 1976)

THEGOVERNMENTS OF OECDMEMBER COUNTRIES

CONSIDERING# tha t in ternat ional inves tment has assumed increased impor tance

in the world economy and has considerably contr ibuted to thedevelopment otheircoun t r i e s ;

# t h a t multnational enterprises playan im po r tan t ro le in th isinvestment process;

# tha t co-opera t ion by Membercountries can improve the foreigninves tment c l imate , encourage thepositive contributionwhichmultnationalenterprises can malee to economic and social pro-gress, and minimiseand resolve difficultieswhich may arise fromthe i r var ious opera t ions ;

# t h a t , while continuing endcavourswith in the OECD may lead tofur ther in ternat ional arrangementsand agreements in this field,it seemsappropr ia te a t th is s tage tointensify their co-operat ionand consultat ion on issues relat ing to international investment andmultinationaienterprises through inter-relatedins t ruments eachof which deals with a different aspect of the matter and togetherconsti tute a framework within which the OECD will considerthese issues:

DECLARE:G u id e l in es fbr I . tha t they jo in t ly recommend to mult i -Multinational nationalenterprises operat ing in their terr i-p . tories the observance of the Guidejies as

" set forth in the Annex heretohaving regardto the considerat ions and understandingswhich in t roduce the Guidelines,andare ani n te g r al p a r t o f t h e m ;

N a t i o n a l I I . 1. tha t M em ber countr ies should , consis-Trea tmcnt t e n t w* t n * n e r n e eds to main ta in pubhc

order, to protect their essential securityinterests.andto fulfil commitments re lat ing to international peace and securi ty,accord to entreprises operat ing in theirterr i tories and owned or control leddirecty or indirectly by nationals ofanoth er M em ber country (here inaf ter

\


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In te rna t iona lInvcstmentIncentives andDisincentives

referre d to as "Foreign-ControlledE nt e r p r is e s " ) t r e a t m e n t u n d e r t h e i r l a w s ,r e g u l a t i o n s a n d administrativep r a c t i c e s ,c o n s i s t e n t w i t h i n t e r n a t i o n a l law a n dn o less f a v o u r a b l e t h a n t h a t a c c o r d e din like s i tua t ions to domestic en t e rp r i s e s(here in af te r re fe r red to as "Na t io na l

T r e a t m e n t " ) ;2 . t h a t Member c o u n t r i e s will cons ide r

a p p l y i n g " N a t i o n a l T r e a t m e n t " i n res-p e c t of c o u n t r i e s o t h e r t h a n M e m b e rc o u n t r i e s ;

3 . t h a t M e m b e r c o u n t r i e s w i l l endcavourt o e n s u r e t h a t t he i r t e r r i t o r i a l s u bd iv i -s ions apply " N a t i o n a l T r e a t m e n t " ;

4 . t h a t t h i s Dec l a r a t i on does no tdeal w i t ht h e r i g h t o f M e m b e r c o u n t r i e s t or e g l a te the en t ry o f foreign investmento rth e conditionsof es ta b l i sh m ent o f fo re ignen t e rp r i s e s ;

I I I . 1 . th a t they recognise the ne ed to s t ren g-th en the i r co -op era t ion in the f ie ld o fi n t e r n a t i o n a l d ir e c t i n v e s t m e n t ;

2 . tha t they thus recognise the need tog ive due weight to the in te res t s o fM e m b e r c o u n t r i e s affected b y specificl a w s , r e g u l a t i o n s a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i v epract ices in th is f ie ld (hereinaf ter cal led"measures") p r o v i d i n g official i n c e nt ive s an d d i s i ncen t i ve s t o i n t e rna t i on a ld i r e c t i n v e s t m e n t ;

3 . t h a t M e m b e r c o u n t r i e s w i ll e n d e a v o u :t o make s u c h m e a s u r e s a s t r a n s p a r e n tas poss ib le , so tha t the i rimportancea n dp u r p o s e c a n b e a s c e r t a i n e d a n d t h a tI n f o r m a t i o n o n them c a n b e r e a d i l ya v a i l a b l e ;

GonsultationProcedures

I V . t h a t t h e y a r e p r e p a r e d t o c o n s u l t o n e a n o -the r on t he above m a t t e r s i n con fo rm i tywi th t he Dec i s i ons o f t he Counc i l r e l a t i ngt o Inter-GovernmentalC o n s u l t a t i o n P r o c ed u r e s on t h e G u i d e l in e s fo r M u l t i n a t i o n a lE n t e r p r is e s , o n N a t i o n a l Tr e a t m e n t a n d o nI n t e r n a t i o n a l I n v e s t m e n t In c e n t i v e s a n dD i s i n c e n t i v e s ;

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Review V. tha t thcy will review the above matterswithin three years with a view to improvingthe effectivenessof in ternat ion al economicco-operat ion among Membercountries onissues relat ing to international investmentan d multinationalenterpr ses ;

N O T E : The Turkish G overnm ent did n ot part icpatein the Declarat ion andabstained from the Decisions.


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Annex to the Declaration of 2ist June igj6 by Governmentsof OECD Member Countries on International Investment and

Multinational Enterprises

GUIDELINESF O R M U LT I N AT I O N A L E N T E R P R I S E S

i . M u l t i n a t i o n a l jnterprises now playa n important par t in thee c o n o m i e s o f M e m b e r countries a n d i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l economicr e l a t i ons , w h ich is o f i nc r ea s ing i n t e r e s t t o gov e rn m en t s . T h r ou ghin t e rna t i ona l d i r ec t i nves tmen t , such en t e rp r i s e s canbring s u b s t a n t i a lbenefits to home and hos t coun t r i e s by con t r i bu t i ng t o t he efficientu t i l is a t i on o f c ap i t a l , t e chno logy an d h um an r e sou rce s betwtencou nt r ies an d can thus fu lfil a n im po r t an t ro le in the pro m ot io n ofeconomic and soc ia l wel fa re . But the advancesmade b y m u l t i n a t i o n a len t e rp r i s e s i n o rgan i s ing t he i r ope ra t i ons beyond the na t i ona l f r ame-w o r k m a y lead t o abuse o f conc en t r a t i o ns o f e cono m ic power a nd t oconflicts wi th na t i ona l po l i cy ob j ec t i ve s . I n add i t i on , t he complex i tyof these mul t i na t i ona l en t e rp r i s e s and t hedifhcultyof c lear ly perce iv-ing the i r d iverse s t ruc tu res , op era t ion s an d po l ic ies som et imes g iverise to c o n c e r n .

2 . T h e common aimof t he M em be r coun t r i e s is t o enc ou r age t hepositivc con t r i bu t i o ns w h ich mu l t i na t i ona l en t e rp r is e s ca n make toeconomic and soc ia l p rogress and to min imise and reso lve thedifB-cul t i es to which the i r var ious operations may give r ise . In view ofthe t r an sna t i on a l s t r u c tu r e o f such en t e rp r i s e s , t h i s a im will befurthered b y co-operation amongt h e O E C D c o u n t r ie s w h e r e t h eh e a d q u a r t e r s o f most of the m ul t i na t io na l en te rpr i ses a re es tab l i shedan d w hich a re the loca t ion of a sub s tan t ia l pa r t of the i r op era t ion s .T h e guidelinesset out hereafter are des igned to assist in the ach ieve-ment of t h is co m m on a im a nd t ocontribute to improving the fore igninvestment c l i m a t e .

3 . Sincc theope ra t i on s o f m u l t i na t i ona l en t e rp r i s e s ex t end t h ro ugh -ou t t he world, including coun t r i e s t ha t a r e no t Members of theOrgan i sa t i on , i n t e rna t i ona l co -ope ra t i on i n t h i s f i e ld shou ld ex t endto all Sta t e s . Member coun t r i e s w i l l g ive t he i rfull support to effor tsu n d e r t a k e n i n co-operation w i t h n o n - m e m b e r c o u n t r i e s , a n d i npa r t i c u l a r w i th deve lop ing cou n t r i e s , w i th a v i ew to im pro v ing t hewe l f a re an d l i v ing s t an da rds o f a l l peop l e bo th by encou rag ing t hepos i t i ve con t r i bu t i ons wh ich mu l t i na t i ona l en t e rp r i s e s can make andby min imi s ing and r e so lv ing t he p rob l ems wh ich may a r i s e i n connec -t ion wi th the i r ac t iv i t i es .

4 . Wi t h i n t h e O rg a n i s a t i o n , t h e programme of co -op e ra t i on t oa t t a in t he se ends w i l l be a con t inu ing , p r agma t i c and ba l anced one .It comes w i th in t he gene ra l aims of t he Co nve n t ion on the O rga n i sat io n fo r E c o n o m i c C o - o p e r a t i o n a n d D e v e l o p m e n t ( O E C D ) a n d

makes full use of the var iou s spec ia l i sed bodies o f the O rg an isa t ion ,whose terms of re fe rence a l ready cover many aspec ts o f the ro le o fm u l t i n a t i o n a l e n t e r p r i s e s , notably i n m a t t e r s o f i n t e r na t i o na l t r ade

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a n d p a y m e n t s , c o m p e t t i o n , t a x a t i o n , m a n p o w e r, i n d u s t r i a l d e v e l o p -ment , sc ience and technology. In these bodies , work i s be ingcarriedout on the identification of i ssues , t he im pr ov em en t o f r e l evan tqua l i t a t i ve an d s t a ti s ti c a l i n fo rm a t ion and t he e l abo ra t i on o f p roposa l sfor ac t ion des igned to s t reng then inter-governmental c o - o p e r a t i o n .I n some of these reas procedu re s a l r eady ex i s t t h rough wh ich i s suesr e l a t ed t o t he ope r a t i ons o f m u l t i n a t i on a l en t e rp r i s e s can be t aken up .

Th i s work could resul t in the conclusinof fur ther an d complementarya g r e e m e n t s a n d a r r a n g e m e n t s b e t w e e n g o v e r n m e n t s .

5 . T h e initial p h a s e o f t h e c o - o p e r a t io n p r o g r a m m e is c o m p o s e do f a Dec l a r a t i on and t h r ee Dec i s ionspromulgateds i m u l t a n e o u s l y a st h e y a r e c o m p l e m e n t a r y a n d inter-connected, in respec t o f gu ide l inesfo r mu l t i na t i ona l en t e rp r i s e s , na t i ona l t r e a tmen t fo rforeign-controlledenterprisesand i n t e rna t i ona l i nves tmen t i ncen t ive s and d i s incen t ivs .6 . T h e gu ide l i ne s s e t ut below a r e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s j o i n t l yadd rc s sed by Membercoun t r i e s t o mu l t i na t i ona l en t e rp r i s e s ope ra t i ngin their t e r r i t o r i e s . These gu ide l i ne s , wh ich t ake i n to acccun t t hep ro b l em s wh ich can a r i s e becau se of t he in t e r na t i o na l s t r uc tu r e o fthe se en t e rp r i s e s , lay do w n s ta nd ar ds for the ac t iv i t ies o f these en te rpr i ses in the d i fferen t M em be r coun t r ies .Observ.inceof the gu ide l inesis vo lun ta r y and no t l ega lly enfor ceab le . Ho w eve r, they shou ldhelp toensu re tha t the op era t ion s of these en te rpr i se s a re in ha rm on y wi thna t iona l po l ic ies o f the count r ieswhere t hey oprate and t o strengthent he ba s i s o f mu tua l confidencebe tween en t e rp r i s e s and S t a t e s .7 . Eve ry S t a te has the r igh t to p resc r ibe the conditions u n d e rwh ich mu l t i na t i ona l en t e rp r i s e s oprate wi th in i t s na t i ona l j u r i sd i ccin, sub j ec t t o i n t e r na t i o na l law and t o t he i n t e rna t i ona l agreementst o wh ich i t ha s subsc r ibed . The entitics o f a m u l t i n a t i o n a l cnterprscloca ted in var ious count r ies a re sub jec t to thelaws of these count r ies .8 . A precise legal definition of mul t ina t iona l en te rpr i ses i s no treq ui r ed for the purpo ses o f the gu ide l ine s . T he se usua l lycomprisccompanies o r o ther en t i t i es whose ownersh ip i s p r va te , s ta te o rmixed,cs tab l i shed in d i ffe ren t co unt r ie s and so l inked th a t one or mo re ofthem mayb e able to exercisea significant influenceover the ac t iv i t i eso f o the r s and , in pa r t i cu l a r, t o sha re know ledge a nd r e sou rce s w i ththeo t h e r s . T h e d e g r e e of au ton om y o f each en t i t y in relation to the o thersvar es wide ly from o n e m u l t i n a t i o n a l enterpriset o a n o t h e r, d e p e n d i n gon the na tu re o f the links between such ent i t ies and the f ie lds of act ivi tyconce rned . Fo r t he se r ea sons , t he gu ide l i ne s a r e add re s sed t o t heva r ious en t i t ie s w i th in t he m u l t i n a t i on a l en t e rp r i s e (p a ren t com pan ie san d / o r l oca l en t i ti e s ) a c co r d ing t o t he ac tua l d i s t r i bu t i o n o f r e spons -ibilities amongt h e m o n t h e u n d e r s t a n d i n g t h a t t h e y will c o - o p e r a t ea n d provideass i s tance to one another as necessary to fac i l t a te observ-ance o f t he gu ide l i ne s . T he w ord "en t e rp r i s e " a s u sed i n the seguidelines re fe rs to these var ious en t i t i es in accordance wi th the i rrespons ib i l i t i es .

9 . T h e gu ide l i ne s a r e no t aimed a t i n t roduc ing d i f f e r ences o ft r e a t m e n t b e t w e e n m u l t i n a t i o n a l a n d d o m e s t i c e n t e r p r i s e s ; w h e r e v e rr e l evan t t hey reflect good prac t ice fo r a l l . A c c o r d i n g l y, m u l t i n a t i o n a l

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a n d domestic enterprisesare sub jec t to the same expec ta t ions in respec to the i r conduct wherevert he gu ide l i ne s a r e r e l evan t t o b o t h .T.o. T h e u s e o f a p p r o p r i a t e i n t e r n a t i o n a l d i s p u t e s e t t l e m e n tm e c h a n i s m s , i n c l u d i n g a r b i t r a t i o n , s h o u l d b e e n c o u r a g e d a s a m e a n sof fac i l i t a t ing the resolutin o f p r o b l e m s arsing be tween en t e rp r i s e sand Membercoun t r i e s . *

u . M e m b e r c o u n t r i e s h a v e agreed t o e s t ab l is h a p p r o p r i a t er ev i ew and cons u l t a t i on p ro cedu re s conc e rn ing i ssues a r s i ng inrespect of t he gu ide l i ne s . W he n m u l t i na t i ona l en t e rp r is e s a r emadesubject to conflictingr e q u i r e m e n t s b y M e m b e r c o u n t r i e s , t h e g o v e r n -ments c o n c e r n e d will co-opera te in good fa i th with a view to resolvings u c h p r o b l e m s e i t h e r w i t h i n t h e C o m m i t t e e o n I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n v e s t-ment a n d M u l t i n a t i o n a l E n t e r p r i s e s e s t ab l is h e d by t h e O E C D C o u n c i lon 2ist J a n u a r y 1975 o r t h r o u g h o t h e r m u t u a l l y acceptable a r r a n g e -m e n t s .

Haring regar t o t he fo r ego ing cons ide ra t i ons , t he Membercount r ies se t fo r th the fo l lowing gu ide l ines fo r mul t ina t iona l en te rp r is es w i t h t h e u n d e r s t a n d i n g t h a t M e m b e r coitries will fulfil t he i rresponsibilitiest o t r e a t en t e rp r i s e s equ i t ab ly aad i n acco rdance w i thi n t e r n a t i o n a l law a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l g r e e m e n t s , a swell a s c o n t r a c t u a lob l iga t i ons t o w h ich t hey hav e sub sc r ibe d :

General policies

Ente rp r i s e s shou ld

1.

2 .

take fully in to account es tab l i shed genera l po l icy ob jec t iveso f t h e M e m b e r c o u n t r i e s i n w h i c h t h e y o p r a t e ;

i n pa r t i cu l a r, g ive due cons ide ra t i on t o t hose coun t r i e s 'aimsa n d priorities wi th r ega rd t o econ om ic and soc ia l p rog re s s ,i nc lud ing i ndus t r i a l and r eg iona ldevelopment, t he p ro t ec t i onof the envircnment , t he c r ea t i on o f em p loy m en t op po r tu n i t i e s ,the pr om ot io n of inno va t io n an d the trans fe r o ft e c h n o l o g y ;

while obse rv ing t he i r l ega l ob l i ga t i ons conce rn ing i n fo rma-t ion , supply the i r en t i t i es wi th supplementary iitformationthe la t t e r may need in o rder tomeet r eques t s by t he au tho r i -t ies of th e co un tr ie s in w hic h those ent i t ies are loc ated forin for m at ion re lev ant to the ac t iv i ti es o f those en t i t i es , t ak ingin to acc oun t l eg i t ma te r equ i r em en t s o f bus ine s s con f iden -t i a l i t y ;

f avou r cise co-operationwith the loca l community a n dbus iness in te res t s ;

allow t he i r co m po ne n t en t i t ie s f r eedom to deve lop t he i ract ivi t ies and to exploit t he i r compe t i t i ve advan t age i ndomes t ic and fore ign marke ts , cons i s ten t wi th the need forspec i a l i s a t i on and sound commerc i a l p r ac t i c e ;

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6. w he n f illing respons ib le pos t s in each coun t ry of op er a t i on ,t ake due ac cou n t o f i nd iv idua l qualifcationswi thou t d i s c r i -m ina t i o n a s t o na t i ona l i t y, sub j ec t t o pa r t i cu l a r nationalrequirementsin th i s respec t ;

7 . n o t renderandthey should not be sol ic i ted or expected torenderany b r i b e o r o t h e r i m p r o p e r benefit, d i r ec t o r

ind i r ec t , to any pu bl ic se rv an t o r ho lder o f pu bl ic o ff ice ;8 . un less l ega l ly perm iss ib le , no t make con t r i bu t i ons t o cand i -

dates for publ ic off ice or to pol i t ical par t ies or otherpoliticalo rg a n i s a t i o n s ;

9 . ab s t a in from any improper involvement in loca l po l i t i ca lac t iv i t i es .

Disclosureof informationEnte rp r i s e s shou ld , hav ing du e r ega rd t o t he i r na tu r e an d r e l a t ive

s ize in the economic contex t o f the i r opera t ions and to requi rements o fbusiness confide nt ia l i ty an d to cost , pu bl is h in a form suited toim pr ov e pu bl ic un de rs tan din g a suff ic ien t bo dy of fac tua linformationon the s t ruc ture , ac t iv i t i es and po l ic ies o f the en te rpr i sc as a whole , asa supplement , in so fa r as necessary for th i s purpose , to in format ionto be disclosed undert he na t i ona l aw of the ind iv id ua l count r ies inwh ich they op ra te . T o th i s end , they shou ld publ i sh w i th in rea son ablet ime l imi t s , on a regula r bas i s , bu t a t least annual ly, f inancial s ta te-ments a n d o t h e r pertinent i n fo rma t ion relating to the cntcrpr ise as awho le , com pr i s ing in p a r t i cu l a r :

i) t he s t ruc tu r e o f t he en t e rp r i s e , showing t he ame a n dloca t ion of the p a r e n t c o m p a n y, i t s main affi l iatcs, i tspe rcen t age owne r sh ip , d i r ec t and indirect, in thesc affi-l ia tes , includings h a r e h o l d i n g s between t h e m ;

ii) th e geographicala r c a s * where operatioma re carried o u tand t he p r inc ipa l a c t i v i t i e scarried o n therein by the parentc o m p a n y a n d t h e main affi l iatcs;

iii) the opera t ing resu l t s and sa les by geographica l a rca andthe sales in the maj'or linesof business for the cntc rpr i se asa w h o l e ;

iv) significant new cap i t a l i nves tm en t by geog raph i ca l reaand , as fa r as p rac t icab le , bymajor l ines of business for theen t e rp r i s c a s a who le ;

* For the purposes of theguidelineon disclosure of information theterm"geographical rea"means groupsof countries or individual countries as each enterprisedetermines is appropriate in its particular circumstances.Whileno single methodof grouping is appropriate forall enterprises or for all purposes, the factors to beconsidered by an enterprise would includethe significanceof operations carriedout in individual countries orreas as well as the erlects on its competitiveness,geographic proximity, economicaffinity, similarities in businessenvironmentsandthe nature, scaleand degree of interrelationship of the enterprises' operations inthe various countries.

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v) a statementof the sourcesand uses of funds by the enter-prisc as a whole;

vi) the average number of employees in each geographical r e a ;

vil) rescarch an d developmentexpenditure for the enterpriseas a whole;

viii) the policies followed in respect ofintra-grouppr ic ing;ix) the accountingpolicies, including those on consolidation,

observcd in compilingthe published informaton.

CompetitionEnterprises should, while conforming toofficial competi t ion rules andestablished policies of thecountriesin which they oprate,

i . refrain from actions which would adversely affect competition in the relevant marketby abusing a dominant posit ion ofmarket power, by mea-nsof, for exampie,a) anti-competitiveacquisitions,b) predatorybehaviour toward compet i tors ,c) unreasonable refusal to dea l ,d) anti-competi t ive abuse of industrialproper ty r ights ,e) discriminatory(i.e. unreasonably difieren tiated) pricing

and using such pricing transactions between affiliatedenterprises as a meansof affecting adversely co m petitio noutside these enterprises;

2 . allow purchascrs , disributorsand licenseesfreedom to resell,export, purchase and develop their operations consistent withlaw, trade conditions, the need forspecialisationand soundcommercia l pract ice ;

3. refrain from participatingin or otherwise purposely strength en-ing the rcstnctive effectsof international or domestic cartelsor restrictive agreements which adverselyaffect or el iminatecompetition and which are not generally or specificallyacccptcd under applicable national or international legis-la t ion;

4 . be ready to cnsult and co-operate, including the provisinof information, with com petent authori t ies ofcountrieswhoseinterests are directly affected in regard to competition issuesor investigations. Provisin of information should be inaccordance with safeguards normally applicable in this field.

FinancingEnterprises should, in managing the financial and commercial operations of their actvites, and especially their liquid foreign assets andliabilities, take into consideration the established objectives of thecountries in which they oprate regarding balance of pay m ents a ndcredit policies.

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TaxationEnte rp r i s e s shou ld

x . up on req ues t o f the tax a t io n authorhies of the count r ies inwh ich t hey op ra t e , p rov ide , i n acco rdance w i th t he s a f e -gua rds and r e l eva n t p roc edu re s o f t he na t i ona llaws of thesecoun t r i e s , t he information neces sa ry t o de t e rm ine co r r ec t l ythe faxes to be assessed in connec t ion wi th the i r opera t ions ,i n c l u d i n g r e l e v a n t information concerningt he i r ope ra t i onsisf o t h e r c o u n t r i e s ;

2 . re f ra in from making u se o f t he pa r t i cu l a r facilities ava i l ab l eto t h e m , such as t rans fe r pricing which does no t conform toan arm's l eng th s t anda rd , f o r mod i fy ing i n ways con t r a ryto na t i on a l l aws t he t ax ba se on wh ich m em ber s o f t he g ro upare assessed.

Einploymentand industrial relationsEnte rp r i s e s shou ld , w i th in t h e f r ame wo rk o f l aw, r egu l a t i ons a ndp rev a i l i ng l abo u r r e l a t i ons and em p lo ym en t p r ac t i c e s , in each o f t hecoun t r i e s i n wh ich t hey op ra t e ,

i . respec t the r igh t o f the i r employees , to be represen ted byt r a d e unions and o the r bona f i de o rgan i sa t i ons o f emp loyees ,and en gag e i n cons t ruc t i ve nego t i a t i ons , e i t he r i nd iv idu a l l yo r t h r o u g h employers* as soc i a t i ons , w i th such emp loyeeo rgan i sa t i ons w i th a v i ew to r each ing ag reemen t s on emp loymen t cond i t i ons , wh ich shou ld i nc lude p rov i s ions fo rdealingwi th d i spu t e s arising ove r t he i n t e rp r e t a t i on o f such ag reemen t s , and fo r ensuringm utu a l l y re spec t ed r i gh t s and r e spons -ib i l i t i es ;

2 . a) pr ov ide such fac il it ies to rep rese n ta t ive s o f the em ploye esas may be necessary to ass i s t in the deve lopment o feffective co l l ec t i ve ag reemen t s ,

b) prov ide t o r ep re sen t a t i ve s o f emp loyees i n fo rm a t ionwhich is needed for meaningful nego t i a t i ons on cond i t i o n s o f e m p l o y m e n t ;

3 . pro v ide t o r ep re sen t a t i ve s o f emp loyees wh e rethis a c c o r d swi th l oca l l aw and p rac t i c e , i n fo rma t ion wh ich enab l e sthemto ob ta in a t rue an d fa ir v iew of the pe r fo rm an ce o f theentityor, whe re a p p r o p r i a t e , t he en t e rp r i s e a s a who lc ;

4 . obse rve s t an da r ds o f em p lo ym en t and i ndu s t r i a l r e l a t i ons no tless f avou rab l e t h an those obse rved by co m pa rab l e em p loye r sin t h e h o st c o u n t r y ;

5 . in the i r opera t ions , to the grea tes tcxtent prac t i cab l e , u t i l i s e ,t r a in and p rep a re fo r up g r ad ing m em ber s o f t he l oca l l abou r

forc in co-operationwi th r ep re se n t a t i ve s o f t he i r em p loyeesa n d , w h e r e a p p r o p r i a t e , t h e r e l e v a n t g o v e r n m e n t a l a u t h o -r i t i e s ;

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6 . i n cons id e r ing chan ges i n t he i r ope ra t i ons wh ich wo u ld hav emajor effects up on the live l ihood of the i r em ploye es , inparticular in the case of the c losu re of an en t i ty involv ingcol lect ive lay-offs or d i smissa l s , p rov ide reasonable no t ice o fsuch chang es t o r ep re s en t a t i ve s o f t he i r emp loyees , and wh e reappropriate t o t h e r e l e v a n t g o v e r n m e n t a l a u t h o r i t i e s , a n dco-operatcwi th t he employec representativesa n d appropriategove rnmen ta l au tho r i t i e s so a s t o mi t i ga t e t o t hemximumex t en t p r ac t i c ab l e adve r se e f f ec t s ;

7 . i m p l e m e n t t h e ir e m p l o y m e n t p o li ci es i n c l u d i n g h i r i n g ,dis -c h a rg e , p a y, p r o m o t i o n a n d t r a i n i n g w i t h o u t discriminationunless se lec t iv i ty in respec t o f employee charac te r i s t i cs i s infu r the ra nce o f e s t ab l i shed gov e rn m en ta l po li c ie s wh ich spec i-fica lly p ro m ote g r ea t e r equa l i t y o f em p lo ym en to p p o r t u n i t y ;

8. in the con tex t o f bo na f ide ne go t ia t io ns * wi th re prese n ta t iveso f em p loyees on cond i t i ons o f em p lo ym en t , o rwhile e m p l o y e e sare exerc i s ing a r igh t to o rgan ise , no t threaten to utilise acapac i ty to t rans fe r the whole or pa r t o f an ope ra t i n g un i tfrom t h e country conce rned i n o rde r t o influence unfa i r lythose neg ot ia t ion s or to h in de r the exerc i se o f a r ig h t t oo r g a n i s e ;

9 . ena b l e au tho r i s e d r ep re sen t a t i ve s o f t he i r emp loyees t oconduc t nego t i a t i ons on co l l ec t i ve ba rga in ing o r l abou rm a n a g e m e n t relationsi s sues w i th r ep re sen t a t i ve s o f manage -ment who a r e au tho r i s ed t o t ake dec i s ions on t he ma t t e r su n d e r n c g o t i a t i o n .

Science and TechnologyEnte rp r i s e s shou ld

1. en de av ou r to en su re th at their act iv t ies f it sa t isfactor i lyintot h e scientific and technolog ica l po l ic ies and plans of thecoun t r i e s i n wh ich t hey op ra t e , and con t r i bu t e t o t he deve -lopment of na t ion a l sc ien t if ic and tec hno log ica l cap ac i t i es ,i nc lud ing a s f ar as ap p r op r i a t e t he e s t ab l i shm en t an dim pro ve m en t i n hos t coun t r i e s of t he i r c ap ac i t y t o i nn va t e ;

2 . to the tullcst exten t p rac t icab le , adopt in the course of the i rbus iness ac t iv i t i es p rac t ices which permi the rap id diffusionof tcchnologicswith due regard to the pro tec t ion of indus t r ia la n d intcllectualp r o p e r t y r i g h t s ;

3 . w h e n g r a n t i n g licences for the use of indus t r ia l p roper tyr igh ts o r when otherwise transferrihgt cchnology do so onr e a s o n a b l e terms and cond i t i ons .

* Bona fidc negotiations may includelabour disputesas par t of the process ofncgotiation. Whetheror not labour disputes are soincludedwill be dctermined bythe lawand prevailing employment practices of particular countries.

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DECISINOF THE COUNCILO N INTER-GOVERMENTALCONSULTATION

PROCEDURES ON THE GUIDELINESFOR MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES

The Council,Having regard to the Convention on the Organisat ion for

Economic Go-opcra t ion and Development ofi4th December, 1960and, in par t icular, to Anieles2(d) , 3 and 5(a) thereof;

Having regard to the Resolution of the Council of2ist J a n u a r y,1975 es tabl ishing a Commit tee on In ternat ional Inves tment andM ult inat iona l Enterprises and, in par t icula r, to para gra ph2'thereof[C(74) 247(F ina l ) ] ;

Taking note of the Declara t ion by the Governments of OECD

Member countries of 2 istJ u n e , 1976in which they jo in t ly recom me ndto m ult ina t iona l enterprises the observance of guidelines for m ult inat ional enterpr ises ;

Recognising th e desirability of setting forth procedures bywhich consultations maytake place on matters related to these guidel ines ;

O n the proposal of the Com mit tee on In tern at iona l Inves tmentand Mul t inat ional Enterpr ises ;

Decides:1. Th e Comm ittee on In te rna t iona l Inves tment and Mu l t ina t iona lEnterprises (hereinafter called


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resolving such problems, ei ther within the Committee or throughother mutually acceptablear rangements .5. This Decisinshall be reviewed within a period of three years.The Commit tee shal l makeproposalsfor this purpose as ppropriate.

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DECISIN OF THE COUNCILON NATIONAL TREATMENT

TheCouncil,

Having r ega rd t o t he Conventionon the Organisationfor Econom a C o - o p e r a t i o n a n d Developmentof i4th December, 1960 and , i npa r t i cu l a r, A r t ic l e s 2 (c ) , 2 (d ) , 3 and5(a) thereof;

H av ing r ega rd t o t he Resolutionof the Council of 2ist J a n u a r y ,1975 e s t a b l i s h i n g a C o m m i t t e e o n I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n v e s t m e n t a n dM u l t i n a t i o n a i E n t e r p r is e s a n d , in p a r t i c u l a r , p a r a g r a p h 2 th e r e o f[ C ( 7 4 ) 2 4 7 ( F i n a l ) ] ;

Tak ing no te o f t he Declaraton by the Governmentso f O E C DMember countriesof 2ist J u n e , 1976 o n n a t i o n a l t r e a t m e n t ;

Cons ider ing tha t i t i sappropriateto es tab l i sh wi th in the Or ga nisa t ion su i tab le procedures for reviewing l aws , regulationsa n d a d m i -n i s t r a t i ve p rac t i ce s (hereinafter re fe r red to as "measures" ) whichd e p a r t from "NationalT r e a t m e n t " ;

O n t h e proposal o f t h e C o m m i t t e e o n I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n v e s t m e n ta n d M u l t i n a t i o n a i E n t e r p r i s e s ;

Decides:1. M e a s u r e s t a k e n b y a M e m b e r c o u n t r y c o n s t i t u t i n g e x c e p t i o n sto " N a t i o n a l Tr e a t m e n t " ( i n c l u d i n g m e a s u r e s r e s t r i c t i n g n e w i n v e s tm en t by "Fo re ign -C on t ro l l ed En te rp r i s e s " a l r ead y e s t ab l ished inthe i r t e r r i to ry) which are in effect on the date of this Decisin shallb enotified t o t he Org an i sa t i o n w i th in 60 days a f te r the date of thisDec i s in .

2 . M e a s u r e s ta k e n b y a M e m b e r c o u n t r y cons t i tu t ing n e we x c e p t i o n s t o " N a t i o n a l Tr e a t m e n t " ( i n c l u d i n g m e a s u r e s r e s t r i c t i n gnew inves tme n t by "Fore ign -C on t ro l l ed En te rp r i s e s " a l r ea dy e s t abl ishe d in the ir terr i to ry) tak en af ter the da te of thisDecisin sha l l benotified to the O rga n i sa t i on w i th in 30 days o f their i n t r o d u c t i o ntoge ther wi th the spec i f ic reasons therefore andtheprposeddu.ationthereof.

3 . Measures i n t roduced by a t e r r i t o r i a lsubdivisino f a M e m b e rcou n t ry, pu r s ua n t t o i ts i nd ep en de n t powe r s , wh ich cons t i t u t e except ions t o "N a t ion a l Tr ea tm en t " , sha ll be no ti fi ed t o t he Org an i s a t i onb y t h e M e m b e r c o u n t r y concerned, insofar as i t has knowledgethereof, w ith in 30 days of the respo ns ib le oicials o f t h e M e m b e rc o u n t r y o b t a i n i n g s u c h k n o w l e d g e .

4 . T h e C o m m i t t e e o n I n t e r n a t i o n a lInvestmenta n d M u l t i n a t i o n a iEn te rp r i s e s (he re ina f t e r ca l led " the C om m i t t ee " ) sha llperiodicallyrev iew the a p p l i c a t i o n o f " N a t i o n a l Tr e a t m e n t " ( i n c l u d i n g e x c e pt ions there to) wi th a v iew to ex te nd ing such appl ic a t io n of

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" N a t i o n a l Tr e a t m e n t " . T h e C o m m i t t e e shall mal te prop osa ls as andwhen necessary in th i sc o n n e c t i o n . 5 . T h e C o m m i t t e e shalfr ac t as a forum for consul ta t ions , a t the r eques t o f a M em be r cou n t ry, i n r e spec o f an ymatter re la ted to th i s fi n s t r u m e n t a n d its i m p l e m e n t a t i o n , i n c l u d i n g e x c e p t io n s to " N a t i o n a l fTr e a t m e n t " a n d their a p p l i c a t i o n .6 . M e m b e r countries sha l l p rov ide t o t he Commi t t ee , upon i t s (r eques t , a ll r e l evan t i n fo rm a t ion c once rn ing mea su re s pe r t a in in g tot h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f " N a t i o n a l Tr e a t m e n t " a n dexceptionst h e r e t o . g7. T h i s Decisinsha l l be rev iew ed w i th in a per io d of th re e yea rs . |T h e C o m m i t t e e s h a l l make proposa l s fo r t h i s pu rpose a s app rop r a t e . f

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DECISIN OF THECOUNCILON INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENTINCENTIVES ANDDISINCENTIVES

The Cornial,Having regard to the Convention on the Organisat ion for

Economic Co-operationand Developmentof i4th December, 1960and, in par t icular, Anides 2(c), 2(d), 2(e) , 3 and 5 (a) thereof;

Having regard to the Resolution of theCouncilof 2ist J a n u a r y,1975 establishinga Commit tee on Internat ional Investment andMultinational Enterprises and, in part icular, paragraph 2 thereof

[0(74)247(F ina l ) ] ;Taking note of the Declarationby the Governinentso f O E C DMembcr countries of 2ist J u n e , 1976 on international investmentincentives and disincentives;

On the proposai of the Committeeon International Investmentand Mult inat ional Enterpr ises ;

Decides:1. Consuitat ions will takeplace in the framework of the Committee on Inte rnatio nal Investm ent and M ultina tiona l Enterprisesat the request of a Member country which considers that itsinterests may be adverscly affcctedby the impacton its flow of international direct investments of measures taken byanothcr M e m b e rcountry specifically designedto provide incentives or disincentives forinternational direct investment. Having full regard to the nationaleconomic objectives of the measures and withoutprejudiceto policiesdesigned to redress regional imbalances, the purpose of the consuitations will be to examine the possibility of reducing sucheffects to am n i m u m ,

2. Member countr ies shall supply, under the consultationproce-dures , all pcrmissible information relating to any measures being thesubject of the consultation.

3. This Decisinshall be reviewed withna period of three years.The Commit tee on Internat ional Investment and Mult inat ionalEnterprises shall maleeproposals for this purpose as appropriate.

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OECD SALES AGENTSDEPOSITAIRES DES PUBLICATIONS DE L'OCDE

ARGENTINA - ARG ENTINECarlos Hirwh SJ.L.,Florida 165. BUENOS-AIRES.

33-17*7-23*1 Y 30-7122AUSTRALIA - AUSTRALIEInternational B.C.N. Library Supplieri Pty Ltd.,161 Sturt St., South MELBOURNE, Vk. 3205.

69.7601658 Pittwater Road, BROOKVALE NSW 2100.

I 2267 AUSTRIA - AUTRKHEGerold and Co^Graban /}EN J. * 52 22.35IELGIUM - BELCIQUELibrairtc des ScienettCoudenberg 76-71,B lOOOBRUXELLESl.

5l2-0S>6QB R A Z I L- BRESILMe are Jou S.A. ,Ru i Guato511 ,Caixa Postal 24090. 050*9 SAO PA U L O 10.

* 216-1920Ra Sanador Dama 19 s /205-6 .RIO DEJANEIROG B . * 232-07.32CANADPuWistaing Centre/Centred'ditonSupply and Service Canada/Approvisionnemcntel Scnica Canad270 Albert Street , OTTAWAKIA OS9, Ontario

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