lincoln - selma movie study guide

8/9/2019 Lincoln - Selma Movie Study Guide

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Lincoln Memorial Congregational United Church of Christ

“Selma”, the Movie

Study Guide

On March 25, 1965, triumphant civil rights demonstrators led by Martin Luther King, Jr.

marched into Montgomery, Alabama. It was the result of a fifty-mile demonstration from Selma.As they entered the capital, the marchers, largely African American but joined by a small

number of whites sang:

“ Keep your eyes on the prize, hold on, hold on.

I've never been to heaven, but I think I'm right,

You won't find George Wallace anywhere in sight. . . .”

The fifty mile journey from Selma to Montgomery spanned nearly two years of violent

opposition.

Dallas County, a mostly rural area in Alabama's "Black Belt," had seen nineteen lynchings between 1882 and 1913 (that were known of). Violence in the region declined during the first

half of the century, but there were almost no advances made in civil rights; in the early 1960s,

only one percent of Dallas County's eligible African Americans were registered to vote.

Selma was a medium-sized town in Dallas County and a successful commercial center. In 1963

a group of community activists formed the "Dallas County Improvement Association" with the

goal of having "White" and "Colored" signs removed from public buildings, an investigation of

police brutality against Blacks, and increased access to jobs and voter registration. Local

officials ignored the Association's concerns.

At the invitation of the Improvement Association, Dr. King and the Southern Christian

Leadership Conference (SCLC) chose Selma as a point for civil rights demonstrations in 1964.

The mayor of Selma, along with the chief of police, kept the government response mild. The

mayor did not want the bad publicity that violent confrontations between demonstrators and law

enforcement officials would bring. Selma's sheriff, Jim Clark, infamous for leading a band of

thuggish racists in the oppression of Blacks, told the mayor he would not involve himself in the

demonstrations in Selma.

However, demonstrations in the town of Marion, twenty-five miles northwest of Selma, were

another matter. Civil rights organizers there, discouraged by their lack of progress in getting

county officials to register Black voters, requested help from the SCLC. After an emotional night

rally at a Marion church, SCLC staffers led an impromptu march to the Marion courthouse just a

few blocks away.



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The marchers were met by a force of 200, made up of state troopers, county deputy sheriffs, local

policemen, civilians, and Sheriff Jim Clark. With national and local journalists looking on, the

marchers were ordered to disperse. Then the law enforcement officials and racist opponents

charged the crowd. Demonstrators and journalists were beaten and terrorized. One

demonstrator, Jimmie Lee Jackson, who entered a cafe with his mother to escape the violence,

was shot by police. He died a week later.

The idea of a march from Selma came from the desire to "go to Montgomery with Jimmie

Jackson, take his body and lay it on the steps of the capital," said Marion civil rights organizer

Albert Turner. The SCLC planned a march to Montgomery for Sunday, March 7, 1965.

Governor George Wallace swore to stop it.

That Sunday on the Edmund Pettus Bridge near Selma, the marchers encountered a barrier of

state troopers backed by Sheriff Jim Clark and a group of horsemen armed with clubs and whips.

(This came to be known as Bloody Sunday) The resulting bloodshed was a public-relations

disaster for Wallace. National television news crews captured footage of the marchers beingviolently clubbed, whipped, and tear-gassed. In Washington, congress people from both parties

voiced support for legislation with the power to stop the violence and guarantee voting rights for

all citizens in places like Selma. President Johnson would soon submit the Voting Rights Act,

which would be signed into law in August.

On March 18, 1965, a federal district judge (Wallace's college friend, Frank Johnson) sanctioned

a second protest march from Selma to Montgomery. Alabamians were outraged at yet another

intrusion of the federal government into "local affairs." Wallace refused to spend any state funds

on providing protection for the demonstrators, sending his approval ratings in his home state

soaring. President Johnson countered by federalizing the Alabama National Guard.

At the conclusion of the march (03/25/1965), King addressed the 25,000 demonstrators.

Excerpt of King’s Speech;

“ I know you are asking today, "How long will it take?" Somebody’s asking, "How long will

prejudice blind the visions of men, darken their understanding, and drive bright-eyed wisdom

from her sacred throne?" Somebody’s asking, "When will wounded justice, lying prostrate on the

streets of Selma and Birmingham and communities all over the South, be lifted from this dust of

shame to reign su preme among the children of men?" Somebody’s asking, "When will the

radiant star of hope be plunged against the nocturnal bosom of this lonely night, plucked from

weary souls with chains of fear and the manacles of death? How long will justice be crucified,

and truth bear it?

I come to say to you this afternoon, however difficult the moment, however frustrating the hour,

it will not be long, because "truth crushed to earth will rise again."



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How long? Not long, because "no lie can live forever.”

How long? Not long! Because "you shall reap what you sow."

How long? Not long!”

Truth forever on the scaffold,

Wrong forever on the throne,Yet that scaffold sways the future,

And, behind the dim unknown,

Standeth God within the shadow, Keeping watch above his own.

How long? Not long, because the arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice.

How long? Not long, because: Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord;

He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored;

He has loosed the fateful lightning of his terrible swift sword;

His truth is marching on. He has sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreat;

He is sifting out the hearts of men before His judgment seat.O, be swift, my soul, to answer Him! Be jubilant my feet!

Our God is marching on!

Glory, hallelujah! Glory, hallelujah!

Glory, hallelujah! Glory, hallelujah!

His truth is marching on!”



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1965 Alabama Literacy Test

Literacy tests were used to keep people of color and, sometimes, poor whites from voting. They

were administered at the discretion of the officials in charge of voter registration. If the official

wanted a person to pass, he could ask the easiest question on the test, for example, "Who is the

president of the United States?" The same official might require a Black person to answer everysingle question correctly, in an unrealistic amount of time, in order to pass. How many of these

can you answer?

1. Which of the following is a right guaranteed by the Bill of Rights?

_____Public Education

_____Employment

_____Trial by Jury

_____Voting

2. The federal census of population is taken every five years.

_____True _____False

3. If a person is indicted for a crime, name two rights which he has. ______________________

________________________

4. A U.S. senator elected at the general election in November takes office the following year on

what date? _________________________________________________

5. A President elected at the general election in November takes office the following year on

what date?

______________________________________________________________________

6. Which definition applies to the word "amendment?"

_____Proposed change, as in a Constitution

_____Make of peace between nationals at war

_____A part of the government

7. A person appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court is appointed for a term of __________.

8. When the Constitution was approved by the original colonies, how many states had to ratify it

in order for it to be in effect? _________________________________________

9. Does enumeration affect the income tax levied on citizens in various states? __________



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10. A person opposed to swearing in an oath may say, instead: I (solemnly)

______________________________________________________________

11. To serve as President of the United States, a person must have attained:

_____25 years of age




12. What words are required by law to be on all coins and paper currency of the U.S.?

________________________________________________________________________

13. The Supreme Court is the chief lawmaking body of the state.


14. If a law passed by a state is contrary to provisions of the U.S. Constitution, which law

prevails?

________________________________________________________________________

15. If a vacancy occurs in the U.S. Senate, the state must hold an election, but meanwhile the

place may be filled by a temporary appointment made by

________________________________________________________________________.

16. A U.S. senator is elected for a term of _____ years.

17. Appropriation of money for the armed services can be only for a period limited to _____

years.

18. The chief executive and the administrative offices make up the ___________________

branch of government.

19. Who passes laws dealing with piracy?

________________________________________________________________________

20. The number of representatives which a state is entitled to have in the House ofRepresentatives is based on _________________________________________________

21. The Constitution protects an individual against punishments which are _______________

and _______________________.

22. When a jury has heard and rendered a verdict in a case, and the judgment on the verdict has

become final, the defendant cannot again be brought to trial for the same cause.



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23. Name two levels of government which can levy taxes:

________________________________________________________________________

24. Communism is the type of government in: _____U.S.

_____Russia

_____England

25. Cases tried before a court of law are two types, civil and _________________________.

26. By a majority vote of the members of Congress, the Congress can change provisions of the

Constitution of the U.S.


27. For security, each state has a right to form a _________________________________.

28. The electoral vote for President is counted in the presence of two bodies. Name them:

_____________________________________________________________________

29. If no candidate for President receives a majority of the electoral vote, who decides who will

become President? ___________________________________________________

30. Of the original 13 states, the one with the largest representation in the first Congress was

______________________________________________________________________.

31. Of which branch of government is the Speaker of the House a part? _____Executive

_____Legislative

_____Judicial

32. Capital punishment is the giving of a death sentence.


33. In case the President is unable to perform the duties of his office, who assumes them?

___________________________________________________________________

34. "Involuntary servitude" is permitted in the U.S. upon conviction of a crime.


35. If a state is a party to a case, the Constitution provides that original jurisdiction shall be in

______________________________________________________________________.



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36. Congress passes laws regulating cases which are included in those over which the U.S.

Supreme Court has ____________________________________________ jurisdiction.

37. Which of the following is a right guaranteed by the Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution?

_____Public Housing

_____Education

_____Voting

_____Trial by Jury

38. The Legislatures of the states decide how presidential electors may be chosen.


39. If it were proposed to join Alabama and Mississippi to form one state, what groups wouldhave to vote approval in order for this to be done?

________________________________________________________________________

40. The Vice President presides over ____________________________________________.

41. The Constitution limits the size of the District of Columbia to

______________________________________________________________________.

42. The only laws which can be passed to apply to an area in a federal arsenal are those passed

by ___________________________________________ provided consent for the purchase of

the land is given by the _________________________________________.

43. In which document or writing is the "Bill of Rights" found? ______________________.

44. Of which branch of government is a Supreme Court justice a part?

_____Executive

_____Legislative

_____Judicial

45. If no person receives a majority of the electoral votes, the Vice President is chosen by the

Senate. _____True _____False



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46. Name two things which the states are forbidden to do by the U.S. Constitution.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

47. If election of the President becomes the duty of the U.S. House of Representatives and it

fails to act, who becomes President and when? _______________________________________________________________________

48. How many votes must a person receive in order to become President if the election is

decided by the U.S. House of Representatives? _______________________________

49. How many states were required to approve the original Constitution in order for it to be in

effect? ______________________________________________________________

50. Check the offenses which, if you are convicted of them, disqualify you for voting:

_____Murder

_____Issuing worthless checks

_____Petty larceny

_____Manufacturing whiskey

51. The Congress decides in what manner states elect presidential electors.


52. Name two of the purposes of the U.S. Constitution. _________________________________________________________________________

53. Congress is composed of __________________________________________________.

54. All legislative powers granted in the U.S. Constitution may legally be used only by

______________________________________________________________________.

55. The population census is required to be made very _____ years.

56. Impeachments of U.S. officials are tried by ___________________________________.

57. If an effort to impeach the President of the U.S. is made, who presides at the trial?

_____________________________________________________________________

58. On the impeachment of the chief justice of the Supreme Court of the U.S., who tries the

case? ________________________________________________________________

59. Money is coined by order of:



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_____U.S. Congress

_____The President's Cabinet

_____State Legislatures

60. Persons elected to cast a state's vote for U.S. President and Vice President are called

presidential _________________________________________________________.

61. Name one power which is exclusively legislative and is mentioned in one of the parts of the

U.S. Constitution above______________________________________________.

62. If a person flees from justice into another state, who has authority to ask for his return?

_____________________________________________________________________

63. Whose duty is it to keep Congress informed of the state of the union?

_____________________________________________________________________

64. If the two houses of Congress cannot agree on adjournment, who sets the time?

_____________________________________________________________________

65. When presidential electors meet to cast ballots for President, must all electors in a state vote

for the same person for President or can they vote for different persons if they so choose?

_____________________________________________________________________

66. After the presidential electors have voted, to whom do they send the count of their votes?

_____________________________________________________________________

67. The power to declare war is vested in ________________________________________.

68. Any power and rights not given to the U.S. or prohibited to the states by the U.S.

Constitution are specified as belonging to whom? ______________________________

lincoln - selma movie study guide

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