light and telescopes. a telescope is a tool used to gather light from objects in the universe
TRANSCRIPT
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Light and Telescopes
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A Telescope is a tool used to gather light from objects in the universe
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There are two different types of telescopes
• A refracting telescope uses a glass lens to concentrate incoming light
• A reflecting telescope uses mirrors to concentrate incoming starlight
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Three main functions of a telescope
Most important!!• Gather More Light – (bigger = better) making
objects appear brighterfollowed by• to see fine detail
(called resolution)
and least important,• magnify
magnification = (objective lens focal length / eyepiece lens focal length)
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A larger objective (lens or mirror)
provides a brighter (not
bigger) image
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If you pass white light through a prism, it separates into its component colors.
ROY G B I V
spectrum
long wavelengths
short wavelengths
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But visible light is only one type of electromagnetic
radiation (light) emitted by stars
Astronomers are interested in the entire spectrum of Light!
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Consider This Class as Seen in Different Wavelengths of Light!
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Consider Orion as Seen in Different Wavelengths of Light!
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Observations at other wavelengths are revealing previously invisible sights
UV
Ordinary visible
infrared
Map of Orion region
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Hubble Space Telescope Views of Orion Nebula showing stars hidden in clouds
http://oposite.stsci.edu/pubinfo/pr/97/13/A.html
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Sun as seen in visible light from Earth and from space in X-rays by satellites
http://solar.physics.montana.edu/tslater/real-time/
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Radio telescopes
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The Very Large Array (VLA) in New Mexico
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‘Twinkle, twinkle, little star’
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Atmospheric seeing
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How can we improve the image quality?
1. Bigger telescope mirror2. Location, location location! (mountain tops, space)3. Adaptive optics
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The planet Uranus imaged in the infrared
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Earth’s atmosphere refracts light: images are blurry!
Image of stars taken with a telescope on the Earth’s surface
Same picture taken with Hubble Space Telescope high above Earth’s blurring atmosphere
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The Hubble Space Telescope is in space for 2 reasons:
• refraction (bending of optical starlight)
• absorption (of near ultraviolet and infrared)
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visible Near infrared
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Some EM radiation is absorbed by Earth’s atmosphere.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Tutorial: Telescopes and Earth’s Atmosphere pg. 43
• Work with a partner!• Read the instructions and questions carefully.• Discuss the concepts and your answers with one
another. Take time to understand it now!!!!• Come to a consensus answer you both agree on.• If you get stuck or are not sure of your answer, ask
another group.
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Which is the correct reasoning for why a gamma ray telescope located in Antarctica that is to be used to look for evidence of black holes in the centers of
galaxies would not get funded?
1. There is no way to detect the presence of a black hole.
2. Gamma rays are too energetic to detect with a telescope.
3. You can’t build a functioning telescope in Antarctica.
4. Gamma rays don’t penetrate Earth’s atmosphere.
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Imagine you’re the head of a funding agency that can afford to build only one telescope. Which of the three proposed
telescopes below would be best to support?
1. A gamma ray telescope in Antarctica
2. A radio telescope in orbit above the Earth
3. A visible telescope located high on a mountain in Peru
4. An ultraviolet telescope located in the Mojave desert
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Imagine that you throw a ball directly upward. Which of the following statements best describes how
Newton’s second law accounts for the motion of the ball when it reaches its maximum height?
1. The ball has a velocity that is zero and an acceleration that is zero.
2. The ball has a velocity that is upward and an acceleration that is downward.
3. The ball has a net force that is downward and a velocity that is downward.
4. The ball has a net force that is downward and an acceleration of zero.
5. The ball has a net force that is downward and an acceleration that is downward.