exploring the universe with telescopes and light dr. frank summers space telescope science institute...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light
Dr. Frank Summers
Space Telescope Science Institute
December 5, 2008
![Page 2: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
How Telescopes Changed Astronomy
![Page 3: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Tycho Brahe
1546-1601
![Page 4: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Galileo
1609 – First use of telescope for astronomy
![Page 5: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Refracting Telescope
• Two glass lenses
• Long tube
• Refract – light bends
![Page 6: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Yerkes 40 inch
1895
60 feet long
![Page 8: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Telescope Qualities
• Resolution– See small things– Refractor - long tube
• Light Gathering– See faint things– Refractor - large lens
![Page 9: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Isaac Newton 1668 reflecting telescope
![Page 10: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Reflecting Telescope
• Mirrors to collect and focus light
• Lens as eyepiece
• Reflect– light bounces
• Shorter tube
• Larger mirrors
![Page 11: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Herschel 7 foot
1780s
6.2 inch mirror
![Page 14: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Leviathan 1845 72 inch mirror 54 feet long
![Page 15: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Mount Palomar 1948 200 inch mirror
![Page 16: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations/groundup/
![Page 18: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
http://amazing-space.stsci.edu
![Page 19: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
From Astrometry to Astronomy
![Page 20: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Galileo
1610 Siderius Nuncius
![Page 21: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Riccioli
1651
![Page 22: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Galileo
1610
![Page 25: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Messier
1774
![Page 27: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Messier
1774
![Page 28: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Draper
1882
![Page 29: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Hubble
2006
![Page 30: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Build a Refracting Telescope
![Page 35: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Hands-On Optics
• Inquiry-based activities• Collaboration
– International Society for Optical Engineering– Optical Society of America– National Optical Astronomy Observatory– National Science Foundation
• http://www.hands-on-optics.org
![Page 36: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Hands-On Optics
• Terrific Telescopes– Selected three activities– Significantly abbreviated
• Module 3: Magnificent Magnifications– sciencefirst.com $475 classroom kit
![Page 37: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Simple Magnifiers
• Materials– Thinner lens– Thicker lens– Astronomy picture
• Always handle lenses by edges
• Handout for reference
![Page 38: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Simple Magnifiers
1. Hold a lens about an inch away from picture.
2. Move lens toward and away from picture.
3. Try it with the other type of lens.
![Page 39: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Simple Magnifiers
• Which lens magnifies more?
• At what distance does magnification cease?
![Page 40: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Simple Magnifiers
• Which lens magnifies more?
• At what distance does magnification cease?
• Thinner lens – 20 cm focal length
• Thicker lens – 7.5 cm focal length
![Page 41: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Build a Refracting Telescope I
• Materials– Thinner lens (20 cm focal length)– Thicker lens (7.5 cm focal length)
• Always handle lenses by edges
• Handout for reference
![Page 42: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Build a Refracting Telescope I
1. Hold the thinner lens in front of the thicker lens and examine a distant object.
2. Now try the thicker lens in front of the thinner lens. (This can be difficult.)
![Page 43: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Build a Refracting Telescope III
• Materials– Cardboard tubes (inner and outer)– Plastic bag of optics
• Large lens• Cardboard washer• Cap• Small lens• Foam eyepiece holder• Cardboard spacer
• Always handle lenses by edges• Handout for reference
![Page 44: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Build a Refracting Telescope III
1. Put curved side of large lens against end of outer tube. Add washer and cap.
2. Push small lens into foam eyepiece holder.
3. Slide cardboard spacer into foam eyepiece holder against the flat side of small lens.
4. Slide foam eyepiece holder into inner tube with cardboard spacer toward end.
![Page 45: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Build a Refracting Telescope
• How does a plano-convex lens differ from a double convex lens?
• What knowledge or skills would be important in making telescopes?
• How might professional telescopes differ from these simple models?
![Page 46: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Exploring with Light and Color
![Page 47: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Exploring Visible Light
![Page 48: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Exploring Visible Light
• Where do the colors come from?
• What is the difference between light of different colors?
![Page 51: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Exploring Visible Light
![Page 52: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Exploring Emission Spectra
• Materials– Discharge tubes– Power supplies– Diffraction grating glasses
• Do not touch tubes or power supply– HIGH VOLTAGE
• Teacher Handout• Student Handout
![Page 53: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Exploring Emission Spectra
1. Observe the gas tube with your eyes.
2. Observe the gas tube through the diffraction glasses.
3. Repeat for other gas tubes.
![Page 54: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Exploring Emission Spectra
• Where might astronomers see emission spectra?
• What information would an emission spectra provide?
![Page 55: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Spectrum of the Sun – Type G2 Star
![Page 57: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Spectrum of Arcturus – Type K1 Star
![Page 58: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Spectrum of Procyon – Type F5 Star
![Page 59: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
The Universe Beyond Your Eyes
![Page 60: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Hubble Space Telescope
Spitzer Space Telescope
Chandra X-ray Observatory
![Page 64: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Chandra
Hubble
Spitzer
Compton
![Page 65: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
How Light is Used as a Tool
• Materials– Electromagnetic spectrum poster
• Teacher Handout
• Student Handout
![Page 67: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
How Light is Used as a Tool
1. Identify a feature that is visible in several types of light.
2. Identify a feature that is visible in only one type of light.
![Page 68: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
How Light is Used as a Tool
• What do astronomers gain by observing the same object using different types of light?
• How might multi-wavelength observations affect specialization and collaboration in astronomy?
![Page 69: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Myths vs Realities
• Handout
• Exploring with Light and Color– Full packet available– Bonnie Eisenhamer– [email protected]
![Page 70: Exploring the Universe with Telescopes and Light Dr. Frank Summers Space Telescope Science Institute December 5, 2008](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649ca25503460f94961d0e/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)