lifelong learning: styles and approaches
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Lifelong Learning: Styles and Approaches. Nancy Clark, MEd Director of Medical Informatics Education. Carol Painter, PhD Director of Student Counseling Services. Objectives. Students will - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Lifelong Learning: Styles and Approaches
Nancy Clark, MEdDirector of
Medical Informatics Education
Class 1 1
Carol Painter, PhDDirector of
Student Counseling Services
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Objectives
Students will • Demonstrate knowledge of learning styles, preferences or
strategies to facilitate lifelong learning• Identify his or her learning styles and describe how this
applies to your preferences of study strategies• Utilize reflection to identify areas of needed growth and
development and establish clear learning goals• Establish a method of ongoing self-assessment of learning
needs which includes constantly and accurately assessing the state of his or her knowledge and experience base
Class 1 2
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
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FSU CoM Competency• Practice-based learning and improvement:
– Demonstrate knowledge of learning styles, preferences or strategies to facilitate lifelong learning.
• Professionalism– Formulate and use strategies to support life-long learning
to remain current with advances in medical knowledge and practice (e.g., medical information data bases), utilizing technology to record, research, present, critique and manage medical information.
Class 1 3
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
What is Medical Informatics?
Class 1 4
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Health (Medical) Informatics• Medical Informatics is the branch of science
concerned with the use of computers and communication technology to acquire, store, analyze, communicate, and display medical information and knowledge to facilitate understanding and improve the accuracy, timeliness, and reliability of decision-making. Warner, Sorenson and Bouhaddou, Knowledge Engineering in
Health Informatics, 1997
Class 1 5
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centered health care
Longitudinal Theme of Integrated Informatics Curriculum
• Information management and Computer skills to support– Lifelong Learning– Education– Research – Communications– Patient Care
Class 1 7
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Goals of Informatics Curriculum
• Create independent, lifelong learners– Who keep up to date– Excellent problem solvers– Who integrate evidence into clinical decision making– Who practice information mastery– Value instant access to latest, high quality information– Who practice continuing quality improvement
Class 1 8
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Computer Skills Survey Results
Class 1 9
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Class Demographics Class 1 10
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Learning Styles and Approaches
How is this a predictor of your success in medical school and long
term as a physician?
Class 1 11
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centered health care
Learning Styles and Approaches• Learning Styles Inventories
– http://www.med.fsu.edu/informatics/ – Lifelong Learning
• Where did these inventories originate?• What are some learner characteristics?• What are your characteristics?• How can you leverage your characteristics for
success?Class 1 12
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centered health care
Physicians Reactions to LS• Think non-judgmentally• Appreciate differences• Patient Care and education• Practice management & administration• Medical Education
Class 1 13
Thompson, H. & Bing-you, R. (1998) Physicians’ reactions to learning style and personality type inventories. Medical Teacher
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
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Goals of Understanding LS
• Short Term– Self aware– Succeed in med school– Form cohesive,
productive study groups– Adapt to new learning
situations– Maintain Sanity
• Long Term– Life long learning– Select right specialty – Work well with
healthcare team– Teach students– Educate patients– Clinical competence
Class 1 14
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Development -- Piaget
Class 1 15
ToddlerToddler AdultAdult
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Adult Learning Theory• Learning Theory
– http://tip.psychology.org/index.html• Adult Learning preferences
– Uses experiences of learner
• Learning takes place – in context of work [patient care]– when questions are answered– the issues are applicable to work– when it doesn’t take too much time
Class 1 16
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Transfer of Learner Control
Class 1 17
Time
High
Low Co
ntr
ol
of
Lea
rnin
g
Faculty
Student
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
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Guess Which are Most Effective
Class 1 18
At changing physician behaviors
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Attending conferences?2. Reading journal articles?3. Consult a colleague?4. Drug rep academic detailing?5. Looking up answers?6. Making mistakes?7. EMR guideline prompts?
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Which method is most practical for keeping up?
Class 1 19
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Attending conferences?2. Reading journal articles?3. Consult a colleague?4. Drug rep academic detailing?5. Looking up answers?6. Making mistakes?7. EMR guideline prompts?
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Lifelong Learning• Old method: read a few journal articles per
week, go to conference 1/yr• Reality: Primary care docs would need over
17 hrs/day just to review reasonable and pertinent material
• Even in one narrow specialty would need 6+hrs/wk• Practicing docs (all specialties) average 1-1.5 hrs/wk
Class 1 20
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centered health care
How to Keep Up-to-Date• Effective:
– Look up answers to questions as they happen on Intranet or PDA. Applicable to your practice.
– Use resources that continuously monitor research and constantly update like Epocrates, PEPID, DynaMed, Essential Evidence+
• Ineffective:– Read journals (17 hours/day?)– Consult colleagues (when?)– Attend conferences (least effective)
Class 1 21
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Inventory of Learning Styles
Class 1 22
VisualVisual VerbalVerbal
SensingSensing IntuitiveIntuitive
ActiveActive ReflectiveReflective
SequentialSequential GlobalGlobal
Felder-Silverman Model
DecisionDecision
PerceptionPerception
Sensory Sensory ReceptionReception
OrganizationOrganization
Weak Moderate Strong
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Active vs Reflective• Tend to retain and
understand information best by doing something with it—discussing, applying or explaining it to others.
• "Let's try it out and see how it works"
• Like to work in group • Sitting through lectures
hard• Usually Extroverts
• Prefer to think about it quietly first
• "Let's think it through first" is reflective learner's response.
• Reflective learners prefer studying alone
• Are quiet in group learning situations
• Usually Introverts
Class 1 23
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Active vs Reflective• The majority of undergraduate students are
Active• 83% of college student leaders were active • 65% of Phi Beta Kappas were reflective • Around 62% med students are Active• Majority of university professors are
Reflective
Class 1 24
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
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Classes to Date
Class 1 25
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
What is Your Active/Reflective Score?
Class 1 26
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Strong Active (9-11)2. Moderate Active (5-7)3. Weak Active (1-3)4. Weak Reflective (1-3)5. Moderate Reflective (5-7)6. Strong Reflective (9-11)
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Sensing vs Intuitive• like learning facts• like solving problems by well-established methods
(logical)• dislike complications and surprises • want step-by-step instructions (linear)• patient with details (detailed)• Like memorizing facts and doing hands-on
(procedures) work• more practical and careful than intuitors• don't like courses with no apparent connection to
real world (concrete)
Class 1 27
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Sensing vs Intuitive
• prefer discovering possibilities and relationships• like innovation and dislike repetition• may be better at grasping new concepts • often more comfortable than sensors with
abstractions (abstract)• tend to work faster and to be more innovative than
sensors• don't like "plug-and-chug" courses that involve
memorization and routine calculations Class 1 28
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Sensing vs Intuitive• The majority of undergraduates are Sensing • 56% -72% college freshmen Sensing • 83% of national merit scholarship finalists
were Intuitive• 92% of Rhodes Scholars were Intuitive • 75% of first year medical students are
Sensing*
Class 1 29
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Classes to Date
Class 1 30
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
What is your Sensing/Intuitive Score?
Class 1 31
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Strong Sensing (9-11)2. Moderate Sensing (5-7)3. Weak Sensing (1-3)4. Weak Intuitive (1-3)5. Moderate Intuitive (5-7)6. Strong Intuitive (9-11)
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
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Organization-- Wertheimer Gestalt Theory
Class 1 32
GlobalGlobalSequentialSequentialOrganizationOrganization
Step 1Step 2Step 3Step 4…
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Sequential vs Global• gain understanding in linear
steps, with each step following logically from the previous one
• follow logical stepwise paths in finding solutions
• Majority of M1s are sequential
• Detailed• 62%
• learn in large jumps, absorbing material almost randomly without seeing connections, and then suddenly "getting it."
• to solve complex problems quickly or in novel ways, but have difficulty explaining how they did it.
• Want to see Big picture first. Do not like details.
Class 1 33
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
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Classes to Date
Class 1 34
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
What is your Sequential/Global Score?
Class 1 35
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Strong Sequential (9-11)2. Moderate Sequential (5-7)3. Weak Sequential (1-3)4. Weak Global (1-3)5. Moderate Global (5-7)6. Strong Global (9-11)
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Personality Types -- Jung Myers-Briggs
Class 1 36
TThinkinghinking FFeelingeelingJudgmentJudgment
SSensingensing IINNtuitivetuitivePerceptionPerception
EExtrovertxtrovert IIntrovertntrovertOrientationOrientation
JJudgingudging PPerceivingerceivingOrganizationOrganization
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Extrovert or Introvert?
Class 1 37
0%
0%
1 2
1. Extrovert2. Introvert
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
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Sensing or Intuitive?
Class 1 38
0%
0%
1 2
1. Sensing2. Intuitive
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
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Thinking or Feeling?
Class 1 39
0%
0%
1 2
1. Thinking2. Feeling
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
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Judging or Perceiving?
Class 1 40
0%
0%
1 2
1. Judging2. Perceiving
Class 1 41
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centered health care
Sensory Reception Preferences
Class 1 42
AuditoryAuditory VisualVisual
KinestheticKinesthetic
Reading/Reading/WritingWriting
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On the Sensory Preference test, which was your strongest preference?
Class 1 43
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Reading/Writing2. Listening/Aural3. Interactive/Kinesthetic4. Visual/Sight
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
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Visual vs Verbal
• Visual learners remember best what they see--pictures, diagrams, flow charts, time lines, films, and demonstrations
• 80% students are visual
• Verbal learners get more out of words--written and spoken explanations
• 20% are verbal
Class 1 44
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
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Class 1 45
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Tablet PC as Visual Learning Aide• Case Solver for
Windows Journal• Pelley’s model• Link on LLL web page
Class 1 46
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Classes to Date
Class 1 47
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
What is your Visual/Verbal Score?
Class 1 48
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0% 1. Strong Visual (9-11)2. Moderate Visual (5-7)3. Weak Visual (1-3)4. Weak Verbal (1-3)5. Moderate Verbal (5-7)6. Strong Verbal (9-11)
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
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We need a Group, Now What
Carol A. Painter, PhD
Class 1 49
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Review of Group Benefits
• Everyone brings something to the party• Promotes active learning => mastery• Supports long-term memory and understanding• Allows for monitoring and assessment of knowledge• Develops problem-solving and critical thinking skills• Encourages collaboration
Class 1 50
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Review of Best Group Practices
• Utilize the Godfather Principle• Limit the size• Members have basic similarities and
preferences• They have structure and purpose• They don’t add more to your plate
Class 1 51
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centered health care
Compatible Learning StylesActive Learners
• Meet regularly to process information verbally, draw pictures on white board
• Reinforce and insure ongoing mastery
• Process/study individually after class
• Prep for tests
Reflective Learners• Prepare before class• Summarize materials at
home and read• Meet weekly with group to
reinforce and assess mastery of week’s learning
• Prep for tests
Class 1 52
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Compatible CircumstancesStructured (Js) – Unstructured (Ps)
Morning person – Not morning personNot Married –Married (with children?)
Need mix of sensing/intuitives, global/ sequential
Class 1 53
Group Forming Exercise
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Strategies and Process• Establish goals (personal and group)• Establish a schedule (when and how long)• Set an agenda• Establish a purpose ( reinforce learning; test
preparation)• Share responsibilities and resources• Don’t add to what you’re already doing: use
what you haveClass 1 54
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Study Smart, Not Hard• Promote intuitive/integrated versus sensing/linear
learning style– Look for connections between concepts and facts– Compare and contrast different concepts– Tend to do better on multiple-choice exams in medical school
(most do not test recognition and recall of facts and concepts)
• One of the best way to assess how well you are doing: evaluate yourself and each other– Case scenario – problem solving– Practice test questions…
Class 1 55
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Effectiveness versus efficiency• Changes to study methods must move toward
effectiveness ( smart study), getting the right things done in the time available
• Efficiency is the ability to get a lot done in the time available
• Question analysis is effective– Focuses on exam material– Increases your chances of answering correctly
Class 1 56
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
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Questions as a Study Tool• Available from several sources
– Active learning- prepare your own possible test questions from lecture objectives and content
– Board review books– Library online sources
• Train your brain to think in an exam mode; create the performance environment
Class 1 57
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Using Practice Questions to Enhance Integrated Learning
• To analyze each practice question ask:– How would I have had to study to know that the right
answer was right?– How would I have had to study to know that each wrong
answer was wrong (integrated understanding)
• Approach the practice question as a study topic; don’t worry about the correct answer
• Does the question require memorization (<1/3), comparison, or deduction of cause and effect?
Class 1 58
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Using Practice Questions to Enhance Integrated Learning
• Notice that relationships between material are not in strict linear order = change learning in a very important way
• See the linkages in knowledge• Begins to see that it isn’t just memorization of
facts but interconnection of facts• Begins preparation for Step 1
Class 1 59
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See the linkages in knowledge…
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Sample Group Plan• Goals: reinforce class and lab learning, prepare for
test, improve study methods and learning strategies• Members: five• Meeting time: Sunday, 3:00-5:00• Plan:
– members summarize lectures daily; include information from objectives, readings and slides not discussed in class
– Each member responsible for compiling lists of possible exam questions from one lecture and distributing to group members
Class 1 61
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Additional Group Plans• For exam prep, group schedule additional time
for:– Practice lab practical– Practice checklists in CLC– Practice exam questions– Integrated questions from external sources– Additional review
Class 1 62
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Resources from Dr. Painter
Class 1 63
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Back to Learning Styles
Class 1 64
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Class 1 65
Left BrainLeft Brain Right BrainRight Brain
Hemispheric DominanceHemispheric DominanceHerrmann Herrmann
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
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Which is your prominent side?
Class 1 66
0%0%0%
1 2 3
1. Left Brain predominantly
2. 50-503. Right Brain predominately
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
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Approach to Learning• More predictive of success in medical school
than learning styles• Three approaches to learning
– Surface– Deep– Strategic
Class 1 69
Newble, DI & Entwistle, NJ. (1986) Learning styles and approaches: implications for medical education. Medical Education. (20);162-171.
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
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Surface Approach• Predominate Motivation
– Passing the course– Fear of failure
• Intention– Fulfill course requirements
by reproduction– Gorge and regurgitate
• Learning Process– Rote Learning: focus on
tasks and pieces of information in isolation
– Uses routine procedures and repetition to memorize facts and ideas
• Outcome– Superficial level of
understanding– Substantial knowledge of
factual information
Class 1 70
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
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Deep Approach• Predominate Motivation
– Interest in subject matter– Career relevance
• Intention– Reach personal
understanding• Learning Process
– Relates evidence to ideas; details to big picture
– Building frameworks to add new information
• Outcomes– Deep level of
understanding– Integrated principles with
facts– Uses evidence to develop
arguments– Excellent problem solving
skills – Success in medical school– Excellent physician with
honed lifelong learning skills
Class 1 71
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Strategic Approach• Predominate Motivation
– Making high grades– Competing with others
• Intention– To be successful by any
means
• Learning Process– Whatever it takes to make
good grades
• Outcome– Variable level of
understanding– Shallow, course specific
knowledge– Depth of learning dependent
on assessment strategies of courses and course requirements
Class 1 72
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Useful Resources• NBME Subject Exam Samples
http://www.nbme.org/PDF/NBME2008SubjExams.pdf
• Dr. John Pelley’s Talk to CoM Students on the secret to passing Step 1– Video: Intranet > WebCasts > Misc– His PPT– His web site which includes his Book
Class 1 73
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Specialty Selection and Types
Results of Specialty Inventory
Class 1 74
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centered health care
Considerations for Specialty Selection
• Lifestyle: call, free time, $, location... • Interest• Detailed versus global• Amount of patient interaction• Decision making style• Seeing results versus long term maintenance
Class 1 75
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Class 1 76
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
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Types and Specialty Selection
• Women more likely than men to choose primary care.
• Feeling more likely primary care than Thinking.• Intuitive more likely primary care than Sensing.• In non-primary care: more male, extraverts and
thinking types in surgical subspecialties.
Class 1 77
Stillwell, NA, et al. 2000. Myers-Briggs type and medical specialty choice: a new look at an old question. Teach & Learn Med. 12(1), 14-20.
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Class 1 78
243 Graduates to date
FSU College of Medicine Match Results to Date334 graduates
Classes 2005-2010
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The Academic Portfolio
One strategy for monitoring progress and success in medical school.
Class 1 79
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
What is a Portfolio?
• Definition: Collection of materials made by a professional which records and reflects on key events and processes in professional’s career.
• Incorporates adult learning principles and reflective learning.
• Model for lifelong learning and continuing professional development
Class 1 80
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Uses of the Portfolio• Demonstration mastery of competencies • Evidence of work such as papers,
presentations, posters, research projects…• Reflections on experiences in medical school
such as service learning activities, learning strategies…
• Share with mentor or advisor
Class 1 81
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Finding your ePortfolio• Go to Intranet• Look in bottom right corner• Click on Student Academic
Portfolio• Find your Class, then
your name
Class 1 82
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Your Portfolio
Class 1 83
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Personalizing your Portfolio• Suggestions:• Add your Picture• Add your Hometown, Undergrad institution
and Profile
Class 1 84
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Uploading Files• Assignments, Extracurricular Projects,
Research Articles, resume– Click Upload, browse to file, fill out form, save.
• Adding Service Learning activities– Click New, fill out form, save.
Class 1 85
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Granting Access
Class 1 86
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Assignment• Create a thought paper on your learning styles and
strategies which includes your personal definition of Life Long Learning.
• Limit 3 pages plus a title page• Upload paper and results of inventories [form sent
you] to your Portfolio and by July 25– under Assignments, use Doctoring 1, Professionalism,
• Format- see handout
Class 1 87
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References• Articles are available on the Intranet, under
Sites > Academic Affairs > Informatics > Workshop and Teaching files > Learning Styles and Approaches
Class 1 88