learning styles and approaches
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Learning Styles and Approaches. How is this a predictor of your success in medical school and long- term as a physician? Nancy B. Clark, M.Ed. Director of Medical Informatics Education. Learning Styles and Approaches. What are your characteristics? What do those scores mean? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Learning Styles and ApproachesHow is this a predictor of your success in medical
school and long- term as a physician?
Nancy B. Clark, M.Ed.Director of Medical Informatics Education
Learning Styles and Approaches 1
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Learning Styles and Approaches
• What are your characteristics?• What do those scores mean?• How can you leverage knowing your
characteristics to….– Study efficiently and effectively– Form the most effective study group– Prep for the boards– Select the right specialty
Learning Styles and Approaches 2
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Goals of Understanding LS
• Short Term– Self aware– Succeed in med school– Form cohesive,
productive study groups– Adapt to new learning
situations– Maintain Sanity
• Long Term– Life long learning– Select right specialty – Work well with
healthcare team– Teach students– Educate patients– Clinical competence
Learning Styles and Approaches 3
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Development -- Piaget
Learning Styles and Approaches 4
Toddler Adult
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Adult Learning Theory• Adult Learners
– Build on their experiences – Accept responsibility for their own learning – Self-directed; typically not dependent on
others for direction • Learning takes place
– in context of a problem to be solved– when questions are answered– the issues are applicable to work/career– when it doesn’t take too much time
Learning Styles and Approaches 5http://www.qotfc.edu.au/resource/?page=65375
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Transfer of Learner Control
Learning Styles and Approaches 6
Time
High
Low Con
trol
of L
earn
ing
Faculty
Student
Doctor
Faculty
Medical School Residency
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Inventory of Learning Styles
Learning Styles and Approaches 7
Visual Verbal
Sensing Intuitive
Active Reflective
Sequential Global
Felder-Silverman Model
Decision
Perception
Sensory Reception
Organization
Weak 1-3 Moderate 5-7 Strong 9-11
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Active vs Reflective• Tend to retain and
understand information best by doing something with it—discussing, applying or explaining it to others.
• "Let's try it out and see how it works"
• Like to work in group • Sitting through lectures
hard• Usually Extroverts
• Prefer to think about it quietly first
• "Let's think it through first" is reflective learner's response.
• Reflective learners prefer studying alone
• Are quiet in group learning situations
• Usually Introverts
Learning Styles and Approaches 8
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Active vs Reflective
• The majority of undergraduate students are Active
• 83% of college student leaders were active • 65% of Phi Beta Kappas were reflective • Around 62% med students are Active• Majority of university professors are Reflective
Learning Styles and Approaches 9
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Classes to Date
Learning Styles and Approaches 10
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Sensing vs Intuitive• like learning facts• like solving problems by well-established methods
(logical)• dislike complications and surprises • want step-by-step instructions (linear)• patient with details (detailed)• Like memorizing facts and doing hands-on
(procedures) work• more practical and careful than intuitors• don't like courses with no apparent connection to real
world (concrete)Learning Styles and Approaches 11
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Sensing vs Intuitive
• prefer discovering possibilities and relationships• like innovation and dislike repetition• may be better at grasping new concepts • often more comfortable than sensors with
abstractions (abstract)• tend to work faster and to be more innovative than
sensors• don't like "plug-and-chug" courses that involve
memorization and routine calculations Learning Styles and Approaches 12
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health careSee the linkages in knowledge…
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Sensing vs Intuitive• The majority of undergraduates are Sensing • 56% -72% college freshmen Sensing • 83% of national merit scholarship finalists
were Intuitive• 92% of Rhodes Scholars were Intuitive • 75% of first year medical students are
Sensing*
Learning Styles and Approaches 14
Predictive of Passing Boards
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Classes to Date
Learning Styles and Approaches 15
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Visual vs Verbal
• Visual learners remember best what they see--pictures, diagrams, flow charts, time lines, films, and demonstrations
• 80% students are visual
• Verbal learners get more out of words--written and spoken explanations
• 20% are verbal
Learning Styles and Approaches 16
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Classes to Date
Learning Styles and Approaches 17
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Sensory Reception Preferences
Learning Styles and Approaches 18
Auditory Visual
Kinesthetic
Reading/Writing
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Organization-- Wertheimer Gestalt Theory
Learning Styles and Approaches 19
GlobalSequentialOrganization
Step 1Step 2Step 3Step 4…
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health careSequential vs Global• gain understanding in linear
steps, with each step following logically from the previous one
• follow logical stepwise paths in finding solutions
• Majority of M1s are sequential
• Detailed• 62%
• learn in large jumps, absorbing material almost randomly without seeing connections, and then suddenly "getting it."
• to solve complex problems quickly or in novel ways, but have difficulty explaining how they did it.
• Want to see Big picture first. Do not like details.
Learning Styles and Approaches 20
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Classes to Date
Learning Styles and Approaches 21
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Personality Inventory -- Jung Myers-Briggs
Learning Styles and Approaches 22
Thinking FeelingJudgment
Sensing INtuitivePerception
Extrovert IntrovertOrientation
Judging PerceivingOrganization
ENFPINTJ ISTP
Learning Styles and Approaches 24
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Useful Resource Based on Types
Learning Styles and Approaches 25http://www.ttuhsc.edu/som/success/
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Considerations for Specialty Selection• Specialty inventories not valid.• Lifestyle: call, free time, $, location... • Interest• Detailed versus global• Amount of patient interaction (E vs I)• Decision making style (active vs reflective)• Seeing results versus long term maintenance
Learning Styles and Approaches 26
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Learning Styles and Approaches 27
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Types and Specialty Selection
• Women more likely than men to choose primary care.
• Feeling more likely primary care than Thinking.• Intuitive more likely primary care than Sensing.• In non-primary care: more male, extraverts and
thinking types in surgical subspecialties.
Learning Styles and Approaches 28
Stillwell, NA, et al. 2000. Myers-Briggs type and medical specialty choice: a new look at an old question. Teach & Learn Med. 12(1), 14-20.
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health careHemispheric DominanceHerrmann
Learning Styles and Approaches 29
Left Brain Right Brain
• Holistic/Global• Random• Intuitive• Nonverbal/visual• Fantasy oriented
processing• Creative
• Linear• Sequential• Logical• Verbal• Reality based
processing• List makers • Good spellers
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Approach To Learning Learning Styles and Approaches 30
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Approach to Learning
• More predictive of success in medical school than learning styles
• Three approaches to learning– Surface– Deep– Strategic
Learning Styles and Approaches 31
Newble, DI & Entwistle, NJ. (1986) Learning styles and approaches: implications for medical education. Medical Education. (20);162-171.
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Surface Approach• Predominate Motivation
– Passing the course– Fear of failure
• Intention– Fulfill course requirements
by reproduction– Gorge and regurgitate
• Learning Process– Rote Learning: focus on
tasks and pieces of information in isolation
– Uses routine procedures and repetition to memorize facts and ideas
• Outcome– Superficial level of
understanding– Substantial knowledge of
factual information
Learning Styles and Approaches 32
“Is that going to be on the test?”
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Deep Approach• Predominate Motivation
– Interest in subject matter– Career relevance
• Intention– Reach personal understanding
• Learning Process– Relates evidence to ideas;
details to big picture– Relate new ideas to previous
knowledge– Read and study beyond the
course requirements
• Outcomes– Deep level of understanding– Integrated principles with
facts– Uses evidence to develop
arguments– Excellent problem solving
skills – Success in medical school– Excellent physician with
honed lifelong learning skills
Learning Styles and Approaches 33
THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINEEducating and developing exemplary physicians who practice patient-
centered health care
Strategic Approach
• Predominate Motivation– Making high grades– Competing with others
• Intention– To be successful by any
means• Learning Process
– Whatever it takes to make good grades
• Outcome– Variable level of
understanding– Shallow, course specific
knowledge– Depth of learning dependent
on assessment strategies of courses and course requirements
Learning Styles and Approaches 34