life span healthy lifestyle. defining development the science of human development… seeks to...
TRANSCRIPT
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Life Span
Healthy Lifestyle
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Defining Development
• The science of human development…
• Seeks to understand how and why people change over time.
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Life Expectancy
• “The average number of years a person is expected to live”
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Why do some people live longer than other?
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• Nature • Nurture
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Which of the following is an example of nature influencing life
expectancy?A.The mother smoked while pregnant
with the childB.Social-economical statusC. The year of birthD.X-Y chromosome anomaly
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The Life-Span Perspective
• Multidirectional http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cphgANTK0LA
• Multicontextual• Multicultural• Multidisciplinary• Plasticity
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Life expectancy
1850 1890 1920 1950 1970 1990 201138.3 42.5 56.3 66.3 67.9 72.7 78.4
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Why?
• Why is life expectancy going up?
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History of Health Care
• Early Civilization• 1st med schools–Greece–600 B.C.–Hippocrates• “The Father of western medicine”
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• Edward Jenner–Father of
immunology–Smallpox
vaccine
• 1749 - 1823
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Bacteriology
• Louis Pasteur–Germ theory–Vaccine
advancement
• 1822 - 1895
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Bacteriology
• Joseph Lister–Father of
Antiseptic Surgery–Hand-washing
• 1827-1912
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Bacteriology
• Robert Koch–Founder of modern
bacteriology–1st “Magic-bullets”–Staining
• 1843 - 1910
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• Alexander Fleming–Discovered Penicillin
• 1881- 1955
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Antibiotics
• When was penicillin first available as a prescription drug?
A. 1868B. 1927C. 1928D. 1939E. 1943
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What was the first vaccine available?
A. Small poxB. PertussisC. DiphtheriaD. TetanusE. Polio
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What was the first vaccine available?
A. Small pox (1796)B. Pertussis (1904)C. Diphtheria (1926)D. Tetanus (1938)E. Polio (1955)
1948 = DPT
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• Measles (1963)• Mumps (1967)• Rubella (1969)– MMR (1971)
• Hepatitis B (1981)• Hib (1985)• Chickenpox (1996)• HPV (2006)
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• What happened to the small pox vaccine?
• D/C 1971– eradicated
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Nursing Role
• Florence Nightingale• Clara Barton• Dorothea Dix• Lillian Wald
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Why?
• Why is the USA not number 1?
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Violence plays role in lower U.S. life expectancy• Denver Post• The Associated Press: 09 January 2013• WASHINGTON — The United States suffers far
more violent deaths than any other wealthy nation, due in part to the widespread possession of firearms and the practice of storing them at home in a place that is often unlocked, according to a report released Wednesday by two of the nation's leading health research institutions.
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Does “old age” = HEALTH?
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Health
“A state of complete physical, mental and social (spiritual) well-
being, not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity”
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Holistic Health
LIFE
Physical
Spiritual
Mental
Social
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Health – Illness continuum
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Health Promotion
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Empowerment
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Small Group Questions
• Define health, holistic & life expectancy.• Describe in general that history of health
care.• Define nature vs. nurture• How have the following people
influenced health care? Hippocrates, Jenner, Pasteur, Lister, Koch, Fleming
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Healthy Lifestyle
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Nutrition
• Malnutrition– Poor dietary practice
due to lack of nutrients
• Nutritious Diet – Carbohydrates– Amino acids– Vitamins– Minerals
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Chemical Avoidance
• Alcohol
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Chemical Avoidance:
• Caffeine
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Exercise
• 30 min/day
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Stress reduction
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Stress
• “Anything that upsets our psychological or physiological equilibrium”
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Stress Fight or Flight
Stress Adrenal Gland
Adrenalin & Cortisol
Fight Or
Flight Response
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General Symptoms of Stress
• Respiratory rate–h
• Blood shunted from–GI
• Blood directed to–Muscles
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General Symptoms of Stress
• Pupils–Dilate
• Pain perception–i
• Heart rate–h
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Responses to stress
• Physiological• Emotional• Intellectual
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General Adaptation Syndrome
1.Alarm Stage2.State of
resistance3.State of
exhaustion
• Hans Selye
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Anxiety
• “Multisystem response to a stressful situation”
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Levels of Anxiety
• Mild• Moderate• Severe• Panic
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Stress Health
• SRRS–Social Readjustment Rating Scale
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Stress Reduction Techniques
1. Meditate2. Imaging3. Breath deeply4. Focus on NOW5. Show some love
1. Massage2. Take a time out8. Music9. Attitude break
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Disease prevention
• Primary–Before disease
• Secondary–Diagnosis
• Tertiary–Rehabilitation
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Mental Health
• Adjust • Cope• Contribute• Realistic• Fluctuates
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Emotional Maturity
• When individuals are able to control their responses and can express their emotions in socially appropriate ways.
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Small Group Questions
• List 5 healthy lifestyle practices.• What are Hans Selye’s 3 stages of stress?
Describe each stage• What is Anxiety? • How can you reduce or manage stress? • What are the levels of disease prevention?
Give an example of each level.
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In GAS, what is the second stage?
A.AlarmB.ResistanceC. ExhaustionD.Adrenaline E. Adaptation
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Homework
• Read–Key words–Learning objectives–Review questions
• Lecture notes