life functions do now brainstorm: what makes a rock nonliving and a horse living?
TRANSCRIPT
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Life FunctionsDo NowBrainstorm: What makes a rock nonliving and a horse living?
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What is Biology?Study of life and living things
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Living Things?There are essential life processes necessary for every living organism. Living organisms:1. Made up of cells 2. Grow & development3. Need materials & energy– Respiration– Nutrition
4. Excrete waste5. Respond to the environment 6. Reproduce
VOCAB:Organisms = Living Things
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1. Made up of Cell(s)
Cells are the basic unit of life! – You just need 1
All life is made of one or more cells– Unicellular: made of one cell only (amoeba, bacteria)– Multicellular: made of many cells (you!)
Most common life forms on Earth are single celled
Some cells have specific functions. Put them altogether, they make a multicellular organism– Example: Muscle cells, bone cells, neurons
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2. Growth & DevelopmentGrowth: Increase in size and/or the number of cells of an organism– Every organism has their own pattern of growth
Flies – start as eggs, then become maggots (larva) and then become flies.
Humans – Develop specialized cells in the womb, are born and then grow bigger (more cells).
I’m a baby; I’m just hanging out.Take care of me.
I love my Living Environment Class with Mr. Bamberger!
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Cells
We start as one cell, fertilized egg. Every cell in our body comes from that first cell!
Cell #1
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3. Need materials & energyTo carry on life functions, organisms need a source of energy
Nutrition: Obtaining materials from the environment and using them for energy and growth.
Ingestion – taking in of foodDigestion – big molecules broken down into small moleculesAbsorption – broken down nutrients absorbed into cellsExcretion – waste removal
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3. Need materials & energyTo carry on life functions, organisms need a source of energy
Respiration: Process by which energy is obtained from the broken down food. It’s then stored in a form that can be used to carry on life processes (ATP)
Cellular Respiration
Breathing
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Transport
Absorption – end products of digestion and chemical reactions are distributed and taken into cells
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Body Systems Involved inMaterial Ingestion and Transport
Digestive System, Respiratory system and Circulatory System
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Hold Up
What is the smallest a living organism can be?
You think you found a new life form. How can you tell if it is living?
So far, what do organisms need to be considered living?
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DO NOW
1. What is an organism?2. What is the smallest unit of life that is living?
Why?3. What 2 body systems are involved with material
ingestion?4. What are some substances we excrete?
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4. Removal of WastesExcretion: Removal of wastes from an organism.– Substances include: urine, sweat, CO2, H20 etc… All are
produced in the cells as a result of their life processes (metabolism)
– Without removal of wastes, they can become toxic
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Metabolism
Metabolism – sum total of all the life functions of an organism, including all the chemical reactions (breaking down or building materials)
Breaking down – A bowl of pasta is digested and broken down into simple molecular sugars
Synthesis – (Building up / Building) Chemical reaction where large molecules are produced from smaller molecules
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Body System involved in Excrement
Excretory system!
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5. Respond to the Environment Organisms react to their surroundings:– Temperature, touch, light,
Example: A plant seed can germinate (begin to grow) only when there is sufficient water and the ground is warm enough
Example: WE SWEAT! Why?
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Body system involved in Responding to Environment
(part of body Regulation)
Nervous system & muscular system
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Do Now: (7)
1. What is the difference between:– Aerobic– Anaerobic
2. What is metabolism?
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6. ReproductionProduction of new individuals
– Genetic information (DNA)passed to offspring
*Not necessary for the life of a single organism
*Is necessary for the continued existence of a particular kind of organism (species)
Species – Organisms that can reproduce by interbreeding among themselves
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Body system involved in Reproduction
Reproductive system
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ReproductionAsexual Reproduction – creating new individuals from one parent (mitosis)
Sexual Reproduction – creating new individuals from two parents
Asexual Reproduction: One ParentSexual Reproduction: Two Parents
Lame You complete
me
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Do Now: (4,6)
1. Do all organisms need oxygen to live?
2. What is the difference between:– Aerobic– Anaerobic
3. What is the difference between – Asexual– Sexual
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Homeostasis Homeostasis: maintaining an internal stable environment– The life functions we mentioned work towards maintaining
homeostasis.
It’s 98 degrees F outside. You start to sweat… why?
You haven’t eaten for 2 days, your stomach grumbles… why?
You eat bad Chinese food, and you get sick…why?
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Maintaining HomeostasisNegative feedback:– A change in a system causes a response that tends to
return that system to its original state
Example:– Temperature drops, your body gets colder than it should
be… You begin to SHIVER• Body temperature rises as a result!
– Body has certain blood sugar level; Too much sugar = body releases insulin to break down the sugar and keep your body’s blood-sugar level constant
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To recap, There are 8 life functions you must remember:(How could we describe using what we know?)
GrowthRespirationRegulationReproductionNutritionExcretionTransportSynthesis
GRRRNETS
Regulation – the control and coordination of the activities of an organism