L i f N t M i f C l H d l i l d G h l i lLearning from Nature Mapping of Complex Hydrological and GeomorphologicalLearning from Nature – Mapping of Complex Hydrological and GeomorphologicalLearning from Nature Mapping of Complex Hydrological and Geomorphological P S t f M R li ti M d lli f H d R l t d MProcess Systems for More Realistic Modelling of Hazard Related MapsProcess Systems for More Realistic Modelling of Hazard-Related MapsProcess Systems for More Realistic Modelling of Hazard Related Maps

1 2Peter Chifflard1 & Nils Tilch2Peter Chifflard & Nils Tilch1) Vi U i it f T h l 2) G l i l S f A t i1) Vienna University of Technology, 2) Geological Survey of Austria) y gy, ) g y

1 I t d ti1. Introduction 4 Issues – Processes – Definitions 6. Process concepts for the catchment scale1. Introduction 4. Issues Processes Definitions 6. Process concepts for the catchment scaleH d d D H d l t d t D l t t f tHydrological or geomorphological processes in nature are often very diverse Hazards and Damages Hazard relevant processes and process systems Developement stages of mass movements Process Type Ay g g p g p y

and comple This is partl d e to the regional characteristics hich ar o erg p p y p g Process Type A

and complex. This is partly due to the regional characteristics which vary over process type A occurs mainly onagriculture area infrastructure hortion overland flow f ti l fl initial 0,0 intermediate 0,3time and space as well as changeable process-initiating and -controlling

p yp yschistose rock (mica schist phyllite)

agriculture area infrastructure hortion overland flow preferential flow initial 0,0 intermediate 0,3time and space, as well as changeable process-initiating and -controlling schistose rock (mica schist, phyllite)factors. Despite being aware of this complexity, such aspects are usually very large volume of mass movementsfactors. Despite being aware of this complexity, such aspects are usually

l d i h d lli f h d l d d l B very large volume of mass movements t i l i d d bneglected in the modelling of hazard-related maps due to several reasons. But mass movements mainly induced by g g p

particularly when it comes to creating more realistic maps this would be an slope hydrologyparticularly when it comes to creating more realistic maps, this would be an slope hydrology

essential component to consider return flow causes surface runoff in essential component to consider.forestsforests

Th fi t i t t t t d l i thi bl ld b t ll t d t mass movements on tertiary sediments The first important step towards solving this problem would be to collect data yh th b h i t

relating to regional conditions which vary over time and geographical locationshow the same behaviour as movements

relating to regional conditions which vary over time and geographical location, on mica schist and phyllite Thus they

along with indicators of complex processes Data should be acquired promptlyon mica schist and phyllite. Thus they

along with indicators of complex processes. Data should be acquired promptly have been combined in one process type.during and after events, and subsequently digitally combined and analysed. intermediate 0 5 final 1 0b ildif t t

g , q y g y y intermediate 0,5 final 1,0buildingsforest grav. mass movementfluvial erosion

5 M i d A l i2 I ti ti 5. Mapping and Analysis2. Investigation area 5. Mapping and AnalysisProcess Type B

gProcess Type B process type B occurs mainly on gneissAustria process type B occurs mainly on gneiss Austria

5' E

rock 6°05

147°33' N

rapid infiltration of surface overland flow

ll l f t very small volume of mass movements

mass movements induced by fluvial mass movements induced by fluvialProcess Maperosion and slope hydrology

Process Maperosion and slope hydrology

Spatial process distributionFirst spatial analysis resultsIn June 2009 considerable damage occurred in the residential area of

Spatial process distributionFirst spatial analysis resultsIn June 2009, considerable damage occurred in the residential area of

subcatchments in the western part of the 600 it ti l t f i t d tKlingfurth (Lower Austria) as a result of great pre-event wetness and subcatchments in the western part of the over 600 gravitational mass movements of various type and stageKlingfurth (Lower Austria) as a result of great pre event wetness and t dl h i f ll l di t fl di d b i fl d it d investigation area are dominated by 516 of those acted as a bed load sourcerepeatedly heavy rainfall, leading to flooding, debris flow deposit and investigation area are dominated by 516 of those acted as a bed load source

gravitational mass movement One of the causes is the fact that the meso process type A 325 mass movements had not reached the final stage yet and could thusgravitational mass movement. One of the causes is the fact that the meso- p ypg ysupply bed load in the future

scale watershed (16 km²) of the Klingfurth stream is characterised by adverse subcatchments in the eastern part of the supply bed load in the futurescale watershed (16 km ) of the Klingfurth stream is characterised by adverse p

i ti ti d i t d b Largely dimensioned (> 500 m³), particularly by slope-hydrologicalgeological and hydrological conditions. Additionally, the river system network investigation area are dominated by Largely dimensioned ( 500 m ), particularly by slope hydrological

( t fl di h f di h ) i d dg g y g y, yith it di h t ti ithi th id ti l t ib t process type B

processes (return flow, macropore discharge, surface discharge) induced with its discharge concentration within the residential zone contributes process type B

progressive mass movements exclusively occured within the range of slateconsiderably to flooding particularly during excessive rainfall across the entire in the middle part the process types are

progressive mass movements exclusively occured within the range of slate considerably to flooding, particularly during excessive rainfall across the entire in the middle part the process types are rocks and tertiary coined sediment cover, which are relatively fine-grained region as the flood peaks from different parts of the catchment area are mixed caused by the spatial changing of

y y gand slip susceptible Altogether the mass movement density and theregion, as the flood peaks from different parts of the catchment area are mixed caused by the spatial changing ofand slip susceptible. Altogether the mass movement density and the

superposed. the geologyinduced bed load volume are there very large.p p g gyinduced bed load volume are there very large. R l ti l ll t (< 500 ³) d i i i d Relatively small mass movements (< 500 m³) occurred in gneiss coined

areas which were released depending upon local conditions by fluvial3 Objectives areas, which were released depending upon local conditions by fluvial 3. Objectives erosion (catchment hydrology) and/or slope-hydrologic processes.( y gy) p y g p numerous marks of surface runoff were found over the entire catchment area

The main targets of the detailed geological and hydrological mapping include numerous marks of surface runoff were found over the entire catchment area

The main targets of the detailed geological and hydrological mapping include Western part of the catchment: signs of surface runoff commonly found inthe investigation and documentation of

Western part of the catchment: signs of surface runoff commonly found in f t lt f hill i filt ti l i f fi ldthe investigation and documentation of forests as a result of an up-hill infiltration surplus in areas of fields

i f ti b t th d th t d th i l and pastures or an infiltration surplus in the forest itself- information about the processes and the process systems and their complex and pastures, or an infiltration surplus in the forest itself.

spatial temporal interactions Eastern part: signs of surface runoff are unimportant and often linked to 7 Conclusions and future workspatial-temporal interactions p g p

mainly anthropogenic concentrated inputs of surface discharge 7. Conclusions and future work- local situation (geology vegetation and land use)mainly anthropogenic concentrated inputs of surface discharge.

local situation (geology, vegetation and land use)

Based on the acquired field knowledge it was possible to distinguish areas ofFirst statistical analysis results Based on the acquired field knowledge, it was possible to distinguish areas of Si ifi t l ti b t

First statistical analysis resultsdiff t h t iti /h iti f th d i t h i f

Significant correlations between different heterogeneities/homogeneities of the dominant process chains for final g g p

- local situationfinal

several micro-scale parts of the catchment area.local situation

several micro scale parts of the catchment area. - dominant processesSubsequently conceptual slope profiles should be derived from the detailed field

pand the spatial temporal variability of the process induced hazard potential f Subsequently, conceptual slope profiles should be derived from the detailed field - and the spatial-temporal variability of the process-induced hazard potential

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data, and these should include information of the dominant and complex process (e.g. bed load potential induced by mass movements and fluvial erosion)

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This forms an essential starting point in order to be able to realistically considerThis forms an essential starting point in order to be able to realistically consider Dr Peter ChifflardContact: Dr Nils Tilch l t h d l t d t f i t d d lliportion of mass movements [%]Dr. Peter ChifflardInstitute of Hydraulic Engineering and

Contact: Dr. Nils Tilch Geological Survey of Austria relevant hazard-related processes as part of process-oriented modelling.portion of mass movements [%]

initialy g gWater Resources ManagementVi U i i f T h l

g yDepart. of Engineering Geology

p p p gVienna University of Technologywww hydrologie at

Neulinggasse 38, 1030 Vienna www geologie ac atwww.hydrologie.at

E-mail: chifflard@hydro.tuwien.ac.atwww.geologie.ac.atE-mail: nils.tilch@geologie.ac.at

volume of mass movement [m³]E mail: chifflard@hydro.tuwien.ac.at E mail: nils.tilch@geologie.ac.at