LiDAR LiDAR

For Heritage MappingFor Heritage Mapping

Heritage In India

OverviewOverview

LiDAR Solutions

Heritage Management Using LiDAR

Technology

HERITAGE IN INDIAHERITAGE IN INDIA

Connecting dots for Indian Heritage

Gift of Heritage to us?Eternal Stories!

Heritage conservationBe our focus!!

What are these ‘ancient monuments’? ‘Anything that is not less than a 100 years old and of historical,

archaeological or artistic interest is an ancient monument’

What is ‘heritage mapping’?Capture site scene on mapAs-is structural, characteristics (color/engravings/texture/material) and

details

Arms of Heritage Studies in India

Monuments : Ancient monuments dating from prehistoric period to the

colonial period and located at different geographical locations Temples, mosques, tombs, churches, cemeteries, forts,

palaces, step-wells, rock-cut caves, and secular architecture, ancient mounds and sites of ancient habitation. 

Excavation : New site discovery Study of culture, lifestyle and artifactsEpigraphical studies : Inscription on stone, paper, copper, wood and coins

Conservation : Preservation and MaintenanceRestoration and Reconstruction AdoptionHorticulture :Flora around periphery of ancient monuments

Indian Heritage

Diverse, Extensive, Rich.. Listing as a “heritage” is based upon criteria: Historic

significance, Historic integrity and Historic context Includes buildings, monuments, gardens, cemeteries, landscapes,

archaeological sites and more Gives information based on design, material, interior, paint

colors or landscapes Conservation -

Purpose: To retain its historical, architectural, aesthetic and cultural significance

Modes: To maintenance, preservation, restoration, reconstruction and adoption or combination of these.

Categories: As cultural, economical and environmental

Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act – 2010

(Salient Features)LiDAR solution

1. Limits of prohibited area and regulated area- 100m and 200m resp.

2. No permission for construction in prohibited areas.

3. Repair and renovation allowed but no construction or reconstruction

4. Satellite/ Google image of monument site for applications

Precise demarcation of prohibited areas on map

Proximity and buffer analysis on heritage map

Frequent change detection analysis through aerial survey

Georeferenced and geotagged aerial (UAV) photos and satellite imagery integrated with 360 degree panoramic imagery for selected locations

Rules and Regulations for survey and mapping

Need of the hour..

Sacred sites to be dealt with sensitivity To overcome challenges over difficult terrains Little intervention as possible without

altering or modifying the original character Identify and target factors responsible for

deterioration:Natural Factors :Flood , Biological Factors, Moisture, Rainstorm, Ground salts and water, Windstorm, Air Pollutant, Solar Radiation, Temperature, VibrationSocial Factors :Fire, Urban Development, Vandalism

Effects generated: discoloration, abrasion, crack, stains and fungal growth

Flood

Vandalism

Rust-Iron Abrasion

Current Practices

Time consuming surveys and Several site visits required Manual intervention leading to errors Deformation measurement is less accurate due to extrapolation Time wasted in post-field work Trivial paperwork/ documentation Lack of consolidated data Prolonged decision making Inefficiency/ inconsistency while sharing data across departments Less attractive means for advertising, awareness & education

regarding heritage

TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

LiDAR

Advanced Surveying Technology !

Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) is a technology that remotely sense objects while collecting millions of point data with accurate ground positions and generates 3D point cloud

Creates a 3D Photorealistic Virtual Reality environment

Mode of survey

AerialScanner positioned on Helicopter, Airplane, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

MobileScanner mounted on a moving vehicle such as Car, Truck, wagon/trailer etc

TerrestrialA Stationary scanner to capture surrounding areas or a target object

Data captured by various platforms-

Octacopter UAV

Trailer

Stationary

Why does LiDAR stand out?

Quick Point data collected within seconds

Adaptable Operates day and night Works at extreme (hot, cold, windy) conditions

Safe No health hazard to operators/ people in contact

Precise Dense point cloud data (millions per sq in.)

Cost Effective Re-use data anytime Reduced labour and time Eliminates frequent and time-consuming site revisits

HERITAGE HERITAGE MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

Purpose

Inspection of the Site/Monument Continuous Monitoring 3D Modeling Restoring the Originality Digitally Preserving the Site/Monument Keeping track through Change Detection Analysis

LiDAR SOLUTIONSLiDAR SOLUTIONS

SITE SURVEY

Generates georeferenced image of terrain

3D model and 2D site plans/ illustrations

Contour data Photo realistic point cloud data Provides selectivity by giving

texture details to general silhouette

Benefits Reduced manual intervention Lesser site re-visits requiredRestoration / Recreation of structureBetter periodicityNo hindrance to regular operationsHomogeneity of data (regardless of team, course or weather condition)

Site plan

DIGITAL ARCHIVING

DEM, orthoimage and photorealistic 3D model Time stamped data Exterior and Interior scans Historical reports Material inventories Structural analysis model/ report Scaled plans, sections and drawingsBenefitsVirtual data easy to storeRecords easy to maintainTime stamped dataEasy to share across departments/ collaborationsDecision makingChange detectionAids post-fieldwork in office

Interior Survey

DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT

2D CAD dataset Cross sections Elevation drawings Point-to-point distance,

volume, perimeter and surface-area calculations

BenefitsAccurate measurementsAvoid multiple site visitsNo hindrance to regular operations

Deformation Measure

ADVERTISING

Interactive 3D Model Photo-realistic panoramic

imagery Virtual fly-through Animation and video Augmented reality (AR)

application

BenefitsDigital record for future useEasy to maintainCultural, education and scientific awarenessEasy re-visits for the tourists (anytime, any angle, any direction)Online Exhaustive Site DetailsEnhanced virtual tourism

Virtual Fly-Through

ARCHITECTURAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (AIS)

Panoramic images Architectural GIS system Maps, information, photos,

models, reports, IT solutions/ application

Benefits Single architectural-spatial database to view, interpret and

manipulate all data Access information by simply querying the table Edit/ manipulate maps from various sources (plans, sections,

facades, CAD graphics)

AIS Layout

Thank youThank you

“ACCEPT THE NEW TO PRESERVE THE OLD”

Presented by-Archana Sandeep