GEOMATIC ENGINEERINGFieldwork 1

Title of Fieldwork: LevellingGroup member: Sri KartikeayanSCM014634 Hassan Warsama HassanSCM023031 Mohammad Usman TahirSCM027154 Ismail

Subject/ Subject Code : Geomatic Engineering / ECV 3213Lecturer : Miss MunirahDue Date : 03rd April 2015Date Submitted : 03rd April 2015Allocation of Work for Fieldwork 1

1. Title / Front page Sri Kartikeayan2. List of Content Sri Kartikeayan3. Introduction and Location Usman4. Aim of Survey Usman5. List of instruments used Hassan6. Description of Procedures Ismail7. Field book readings and Calculation Sri Kartikeayan8. Comment and Conclusion Sri Kartikeayan

Table of Contents

Introduction4Location5Aim of survey5Instrument used in Levelling Survey5Dumpy Level6Tripod7Level staff8Procedure8Sketch of the location.9Calculation10Comment and Conclusion10References11

Introduction Looking over or area reviewing is the system, calling, and study of precisely deciding the physical or three-dimensional position of focuses and the separations and points between them, usually rehearsed by surveyors, and individuals from different designing callings.[1] These focuses are generally on the surface of the Earth, and they are regularly used to secure area maps and limits for possession, areas like building corners or the surface area of subsurface highlights, or different purposes needed by government or common law. [1]An option definition, from the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (ACSM), is the science and craft of making all key estimations to focus the relative position of focuses or physical and social points of interest above, on, or underneath the surface of the Earth, and to delineate them in a usable structure, or to build the position of focuses or subtle elements. [1]The least complex technique for measuring stature is with an altimeter fundamentally a gauge utilizing pneumatic force as a sign of tallness. At the same time when more exact estimations are required, a mixed bag of means, for example, exact levels (otherwise called differential leveling), have been created to do this. [2] At the point when exact leveling, a progression of estimations between two focuses are taken utilizing an instrument and a measuring bar. Differentials in tallness between the estimations are included and subtracted in an arrangement to infer the net contrast in height between the two endpoints of the arrangement. [2]The survey was inside SEGi University around clock tower. Nature of fieldwork was to conduct a leveling survey to check the as built levels of various structures and see through front sight back sight and intersight of a places .The location to determine was A, B and C the survey the fascinating fact about place was it covers grass ground some of road pool side and some of high and dump place. The survey was about to see the leveling, distance position and leveling of the following place. The measurement done of each and every frontsight, backsight and intersight of the locations and make it up to the mark.

LocationThe location of the survey was picked in SEGi University campus around clock tower. The marking of location A indicates a point near to faculty building basement floor area. Marking location B indicates a place near to clock tower and its surrounding ground level whereas location C indicates area near to firm grass field located around SEGi pavilion area. Aim of survey To learn the basic levelling principles, theory and applications and to be able to book and reduce levelling data.Instrument used in Levelling SurveyThere were three basic instruments has been used for this surveying. The instruments has been listen respectively:

Figure 1: Instrument used in Levelling SurveyDumpy Level

The level device is fixed on the top of the tripod and, according on the type, either roughly or accurately set to a levelled condition using foot screws.[3] The surveyor looks to the eyepiece of the telescope while an assistant holds a tape measure or graduated staff vertical at the point under measurement. The instrument and staff are used to collect and/or transfer elevations (levels) during site surveys or building construction. [3]

Figure 2: Dumpy Level

Tripod

The tripod is placed in the location where it is required. The operator will press down on the legs' platforms to lock on the legs in soil or to force the feet to a low position on uneven, pock-marked pavement. Leg lengths are placed to bring the tripod head to a convenient height and make it roughly level. [4]Once the tripod is placed the instrument is put on the head. The mounting screw is pushed up under the instrument to engage the instrument's base and screwed tight when the instrument is in the correct position. The flat surface of the tripod head is called the foot plate and is used to support the adjustable feet of the instrument. [4]

Figure 3: Tripod

Level staff

A level staff, also called levelling rod, is a graduated wooden or aluminum rod, the use of which permits the determination of differences in elevation. [5]

Figure 4: Level staff

ProcedureThe following steps has been taken during surveying to make sure the reading is taken to the closest value as the actual measurement and minimizing the error during the surveying.1) Firstly, TBM was selected as a fixed point and the reduced level assumed RL (100.0m).2) Then the tripod has been set and the legs were pushed firmly into the ground.3) The levelling was carefully placed on the top of the tripod.4) The circular bubble has been centralized by using the foot screws.5) The instrument was at a suitable distance towards A and the reading was taken as a Back sight (B.S) 6) The staff has been shifted to another place and reading was taken as Inter side (I.S) with consideration of two times repeating for each point. 7) Equipment moved to a new position towards A and the reading taken as a Fore sight (F.S) 8) The instruments were moved to a new position and the reading of the previous position of the staff was recorded. This position of staff is known as change point (A.B) and the reading was Back Sight (B.S).9) The above procedure was repeated for the other two points B and C.Sketch of the location.

Figure 6: Sketch of the locations.

CalculationTwo types of method was calculation in order to analyze the value obtained from the surveying. The calculation has been attached to the following page.Comment and ConclusionDuring the surveying, many challenges and obstacles were faced in order to minimize the error to take place which can give inaccurate reading. Firstly, the instrument has been verified to be levelled correctly. This was ensured by checking the calibration certificate of the leveling. Focusing the lens of the telescope was ensured in order to avoid any misreading by the group members. Besides that, the group members was also given an opportunity to recap the theory studies before performing the survey in order to avoid misreading of the cross-hair reading (e.g. top instead of middle). Ensuring the staff is held vertically was also taken by asking the person holding the staff to adjust vertically according to leveling lens by the group members to avoid parallax error. Moreover, the group members were also tough to do correct field data booking method to avoid error and redo the survey.An arithmetic checks (necessary for checking the reduction) was also performed during the analysis of the reading obtained from the survey to avoid miscalculation. Besides that, two different method which are Rise & Fall and Height of Collimation was performed to ensure the reading was booked and calculated correctly.In conclusion, all the possible errors was avoided during and after the survey to increase the accuracy of the survey. It is recommended to the students to apply all the necessary precautions that may cause error during the survey. It is also required to know and understand both methods of reduction. This will ensure the leveling survey has been performed and presented effectively.

References

1. How to Get a Land Survey: 5 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow. 2015.How to Get a Land Survey: 5 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.wikihow.com/Get-a-Land-Survey. [Accessed 30 March 2015].2. Surveying - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2015.Surveying - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveying. [Accessed 30 March 2015]. 3. Dumpy level - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2015.Dumpy level - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumpy_level. [Accessed 01 April 2015].4. Tripod - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2015.Tripod - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripod. [Accessed 01 April 2015].5. Level staff - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2015.Level staff - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_staff. [Accessed 01 April 2015].Page 1 | 11