16 20091037 Hong Na-ri17 20090553 Oh Yoon-jee18 20090659 Lee Su-min

Let’s seeHow Dramatic Effect can be drawn by

Point Mutationwith Sandwich!

…There are 4 types of Point Mutation!

Silent mutation

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Our Movie with Sandwich!!

Missense mutation

Nonsense mutation

Frameshift mutation

Introduction to our Project Movie

Point mutation

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Introduction to our Project Movie

Sequence of amino acids in polypeptide was specified by the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA or RNA.

Point mutation?Mutation with replacement of single base nucleotide in DNA or RNA,also with insertions or deletions of nucleotides.

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Introduction to our Project Movie

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How to show Dramatic Effect of Point mutation?

For easy understanding and visual effect,We figured

polypeptide as a sandwich, each amino acids as ingredients of sandwich!

effect of mutation by change in taste of sandwich.

Introduction to our Project Movie

Introduction to our Project Movie

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A U G A A A G G G C C C U A G

bread lattice ham wrappercheese

Match each codon of mRNA to each ingredient of sandwich

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Silent Mutation

DNA mutation that do not result in a change to the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Silent mutation is due to code redundancy!

New codon by mutation specifies the same amino acid as the unmutated codon. +) In molecule cloning experiments, silent mutation can control the effect of restriction enzymes.

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Silent Mutation in movie

A U G A A A G G U C C C U A G

bread lattice ham wrappercheese

Although G is changed to U, new codon GGU is matched to ‘ham’ which is also matched by former codon.

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Missense Mutation

DNA mutation that resulting altering an amino acid of polypeptide. It can change the function of polypeptide or not.

+) Sickle cell Anemia is caused by missense mutation, Glutamic acid is substituted into Valine

New codon by mutation specifies the different amino acid as the unmutated codon.

Case 1. may not alter protein function.

Case 2. have dramatic effect on protein function.

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Missense Mutation in movie

Case 1. two G are changed to U. So, new codon GUU is matched to ‘sausage’ which has similar taste with ham.

Case 2. One C is changed to A. So, new codon CCA is matched to ‘soy-bean’ which makes dramatic effect on taste. A U G A A A G G G C C A U A

G

A U G A A A G U U C C C U A G

sausage

Soy-bean( 된장 !)

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Nonsense Mutation

DNA mutation that results in a premature stop codon in the transcribed mRNA.

New codon is stop codon (UAA, UAG, UGA) which signals termination of translation.

Result in an incomplete, short polypeptide.

+) By, NMD(Nonsense Mediated mRNA Decay) , the formation of truncated proteins does not occur often in vivo.

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Nonsense Mutation in movie

A U G A A A U A G C C C U A G

bread lattice wrapper

Two G are changed to U and A. New codon UAG is stop codon which matched to ‘wrapper’.

The process of making sandwich is over.

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Frameshift Mutation

Caused by insertion or deletion of a number of nucleotides, changing the reading frame, and resulting in a completely different translation from the origin.

+) Tay-Sacs Disease is caused by frameshift mutation. It is lysosomal storage disorder.

Protein will be abnormally short or abnormally long.

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Frameshift Mutation in movie

U is inserted between two G and the frame is changed. The new codons made by insertion are matched to some materials that give dramatic effect.

A U G A A A G U G G C C C U A G

Change of reading frame

There is a ‘big’ accident!!

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To understand our movie well..

A U G A A A G G G C C C U A G

Please remember that we choose the RNA sequence in normal case as

bread lattice ham cheese wrapper

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Then….

Let’s enjoy our movie!!

Let’s Start!!