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Family Times DVD•351

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Week 1 Don Quixote and the Windmills Don Quixote imagines that he is a knight in the Middle Ages and mistakes windmills for giants and challenges them to a battle.

Week 2 Ancient GreeceThe civilization of the ancient Greeks lasted for thousands of years and still influences the world today.

Week 3 The All-American SlurpThe Lin family moves to America from China and makes some realizations about American culture.

Week 4 The Aztec NewsFascinating stories from the Aztec civilization are featured in a mock newspaper.

Week 5 Where Opportunity AwaitsMany African Americans migrated from the South to the North during the early part of the twentieth century to escape prejudice.

ActivityTell a member of your family more about each of the five selections. Be sure to remember characters, plot, theme, and setting. Then choose your favorite and write three reasons why you like it best.

Selection Summaries

In Unit 6, you learned and used many skills while reading the stories and selections. • Theauthor’s purpose is the reason

or reasons the author has for writing. The author sometimes wants to entertain the reader.

• Maps,charts,tables,diagrams,graphs, illustrations, and time lines are examples of graphic sources that can help you understand a text or preview a selection.

• Whenyoucompare and contrast, you tell how two or more things are alike and how they are different.

• Whenyoudraw a conclusion, you form a reasonable opinion using facts and details from what you have read as well as your background knowledge.

• Whenyoureadandlearnideasaboutseveral things or people, you can generalize or make a broad statement that applies to many examples.

ActivityWithafamilymember,createamapofyourneighborhood, community, or city. Discuss the information provided by the map.

Comprehension Skills Review

Unit 6 Interactive Review

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DVD•352 Family Times

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Suffixes -ary, -ery, -ory When adding -ary, -ery, and -ory, there often are no sound clues to help you decide whether to use an a, an e, or an o. For example, the ending sounds in anniversary, advisory, and pottery all sound the same, but they are spelled differently.Related Words Remember that some words have the same root and similar spellings, but their pronunciations are different. For example, office and official have the same root and are spelled similarly but are pronounced differently.Easily Confused Words Some words are tricky because they have similar pronunciations and spellings. Slight differences in the pronunciations of these words can tell you which word is intended. For example: further and farther.

Word Endings -ice, -ise, -ize Remember that the /z/, /s/, and /is/ sounds can be spelled in several different ways. Notice the different spellings in the following words: realize, exercise, sacrifice, paradise, justice.Latin Roots Many English words have Latin roots that provide clues about how to spell the words and what the word means. For example, knowing that the Latin root don means “give,” can help you spell and determine the meanings of the English words donate, donation, and donor.Activity With a family member, identify words in books, magazines, or newspapers that follow the Unit Spelling Rules. Make a list of these words.

Prefixes re- and mis-Prefixes are added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning. Activity Work with a family member to list as many words with the prefixes re- and mis- as you can think of. Use your knowledge of the meanings of re- and mis- to figure out the meanings of the words.

Unfamiliar Words When you see an unfamiliar word, look for clues in the context, the words and sentences around the unfamiliar word, to help you figure out its meaning.Activity Have a family member help you find a magazine article. Read the article and circle any unfamiliar words. Look for context clues to help you figure out the meanings.

Multiple-Meaning Words Multiple-meaning words are words that have more than one meaning. Activity Work with a family member to read an Internet article. Look for and list words that have more than one meaning. Use context clues or a dictionary to help determine which meaning is intended in the article.

Synonyms Synonyms are words that mean the same or almost the same.Activity Make a list of challenging words from the selections. Use a thesaurus to find synonyms for the words.

Unit Vocabulary Skills Unit Spelling Rules

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Comprehension DVD•353

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Author’s Purpose

• Theauthor’s purposeisthereasonorreasonstheauthorhasforwriting.Authorsmaywritetopersuade,inform,expressideasorfeelings,orentertain.

• Asyoupreviewaselection,trytopredicttheauthor’spurpose.Afterreading,askiftheauthormethisorherpurpose(s).

Practice Read the following passage. Then answer the questions below.

I knew I was in trouble when I looked at the menu. I was out for dinner with

my friend Kim and his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Tanaka. The waiter looked at me strangely when I ordered a seaweed-stuffed California roll. Then he laughed when I asked for a fork. Apparently sushi restaurants do not have forks. When the food came, I carefully watched Kim

expertly use his chopsticks. The first time I tried, I snagged a small flake of fish. The second time, I picked up a single grain of rice. Then it happened. My fingers slipped, and a piece of sushi flew into Mrs. Tanaka’s hair. I gasped in horror. To my amazement, everyone laughed. Mrs. Tanaka calmly picked the sushi out of her hair and then helped me use my chopsticks.

1. What do you think the author’s purpose is?

2. What details helped you determine the author’s purpose?

3. Was the author’s purpose met? Why or why not?

4. How might this passage be different if the author’s purpose was to inform or persuade the reader about sushi?

On Your Own As you read “An Important Lesson,” try to determine the author’s purpose.

Home Activity Yourchildreviewedhowtoidentifytheauthor’spurposeinapassage.Withyourchild,readafunnystory.Havehimorheridentifythecluestotheauthor’spurpose.

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DVD•354 Vocabulary

Unit 3 Week 1 Interactive Review Unit 6 Week 1 Interactive Review

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Prefixes

• Aprefix is added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning.

• Theprefixre-addsthemeaning“again”or“back”toaword.Theprefixmis- adds the meaning “wrong” or “bad.”

Words to Know

lancemisfortunequestsrenewedrenownedresoundsquire

Practice Read the sentences. Write the correct Words to Know to complete the sentences. Then circle the correct meaning of the underlined word in each sentence.

1. The knight, who was known throughout the countryside for his skills with

a , reviewed his performance to find out what he could have done better.

a. looked at again b. looked at for the first time

2. The , who was always ready to the knight’s victories, helped the knight identify his miscalculations.

a. totals b. incorrect expectations

3. The knight’s many for gold were filled with , and he made many mistakes along the way.

a. actions that are right b. errors

4. The knight his search for gold and revisited many places from his earlier journeys.

a. visited for the first time b. visited again

On Your Own As you read “An Important Lesson,” look for words with the prefixes re- and mis-, and use your knowledge of word structure to determine the correct meanings of the words.

Home Activity Yourchildreviewedprefixes.Withyourchild,lookinanInternetarticleforwordswiththeprefixesre- and mis-. Use word structure to determine word meaning.

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Graphic Sources

• Agraphic source shows information visually. Graphic sources include maps, charts, tables, pictures, and time lines.

Harriet Tubman’s Life

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Practice Read the time line. Then answer the questions below.

1. When was Harriet Tubman born?

2. What happened in Harriet’s life in 1849?

3. How long did Harriet work on the Underground Railroad?

4. How old was Harriet when the 13th Amendment was passed?

On Your Own Use what you know about using graphic sources as you read “Building an Empire.”

Home Activity Your child reviewed how to use graphic sources to find information. With your child, look at a map and have him or her identify cities and streets.

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Unfamiliar Words

• Anauthorsometimesprovidescluesthatcanhelpyoufigureoutan unfamiliar word’smeaning.

• Lookatthecontext,orthewordsandsentencesaroundtheunfamiliarword,forclues.

Words to Know

architecturedemocracyempireidealmythology

Practice Read the sentences. Fill in the blanks with the correct Words to Know from the list.

1. Ancient Greece was an with many cities and territories.

2. Greek explains many things in nature with stories about gods and goddesses.

3. Ancient Greece had beautiful that is still copied today in buildings all over the world.

4. The Greek philosopher Plato wrote about an government.

5. The government of ancient Greece was a . Governments around the world have used Greece as a model.

On Your Own As you read “Building an Empire,” look for unfamiliar words and use context clues to determine the meanings of the words.

Home Activity Yourchildusedcontextcluestodeterminethemeaningsofunfamiliarwords.Withyourchild,lookforunfamiliarwordsinastoryandusecontextcluestodeterminetheirmeanings.

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Name Unit 6 Week 3 Interactive Review


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Compare and Contrast

• Whenyoucompare and contrast,youtellhowtwoormorethingsarealikeandhowtheyaredifferent.

• Sometimeswordssuchaslike, as, however,andunlikesignalcomparisonsandcontrasts.

Practice Read the following passage. Then complete the Venn diagram and answer the questions.

Lindsey and Makayla both traveled to another country during spring break.

Lindsey visited Mexico. She swam in the ocean, hiked in a jungle, and explored ancient Aztec ruins. Makayla visited

Italy. Unlike Lindsey, she skied in the mountains. She also visited many cities and explored ancient Roman ruins. Both girls enjoyed their vacations.

Lindsey

1.

Makayla

3. 2.

Both

4. How were Lindsey and Makayla’s vacations alike?

5. How were Lindsey and Makayla’s vacations different?

On Your Own Use what you know about comparing and contrasting as you read “Building an Empire.”

Home Activity Yourchildreviewedhowtocompareandcontrast.Withyourchild,identifywaysthatyourdayandyourchild’sdaywerealikeanddifferent.

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Home Activity Your child used context clues to determine the meanings of multiple-meaning words. With your child, look for multiple-meaning words as you read a newspaper article. Use context clues to determine word meaning.

Multiple-Meaning Words

• Amultiple-meaning word is a word that has more than one meaning. Context clues can help you figure out which meaning of a multiple-meaning word is intended.

Practice Read the sentences. Choose the correct Word to Know for each sentence. Then choose the correct meaning for the underlined word in the sentence.

1. Lee’s mom thought going out more would help the family make

toward learning a new culture.

a. customary beliefs and social traits of a group b. to grow something

2. Lynn did not the idea of going back to the restaurant with her brother’s record of messy mistakes, but she had no choice.

a. something someone has done in the past b. a written document

3. The second they arrived at the restaurant, Lynn began wishing she could home.

a. between first and third position b. one sixtieth of a minute

4. Lee could not imagine eating the jam on her toast.

a. to crush by squeezing b. a spread made with fruit

5. Lee was when her brother accidentally dropped his roll in his soup and the soup splattered on the waiter.

a. a small type of bread b. to move by turning over and over

6. On the ride home, they stopped for frozen yogurt. Lee and her brother answered, “Strawberry!” in

when their mom asked what kind they wanted.

a. type or style b. a good or gentle nature

On Your Own As you read “Building an Empire,” look for multiple-meaning words and use context clues to determine their correct meanings.

Words to Know

disgracedprogresspromoted relishretreatrevoltingunison

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Draw Conclusions

• Whenyoudraw a conclusion,youformopinionsormakedecisionsaboutwhatyouhaveread.Yourconclusionsshouldbereasonableandmakesense.

• Yourconclusionsshouldbebasedondetailsandfactsfromthereadingaswellasyourownexperiences.


The people of the Inca Empire were great builders. Their network of roads

was the most extensive in the Americas. It spanned from present-day Ecuador to present-day Chile. They also built great buildings with stones so precisely placed

that they didn’t require mortar. Another great feat of the Incas was their creation of an agricultural system that turned the steep sides of mountains into a series of flat steps that could be used for growing crops.

1. Is the conclusion that the Incas were great builders a reasonable one? Why or why not?

2. What is another conclusion you can draw about people of the Inca Empire?

3. What details help support your conclusion?

On Your Own Use what you know about drawing conclusions as you read “An Important Lesson.”

Home Activity Yourchildrevieweddrawingconclusions.Withyourchild,readanarticleaboutanancientcivilization.Thenhelphimorherdrawaconclusionaboutsomethinginthearticle.

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Multiple-Meaning Words

• Amultiple-meaning word is a word that has more than one meaning. Using a dictionary or glossary can help you figure out which meaning of a multiple-meaning word is intended.

Words to Know

benefitscampaignscomradesenrichforeignersinvaders

Practice Read the following sentences. Fill in the blanks using the Words to Know. Then choose the correct definitions for the underlined words. Use a dictionary or glossary if necessary.

1. The Spanish brought horses and change to the country.

a. coins b. a difference

2. The Aztecs did not trust the who came to their country.

a. area outside of the city b. an area of land governed by a government

3. The soldiers and their helped each other brace for the invasion.

a. device that supports a weak body part b. get ready for something difficult

4. The Spaniards’ to stamp out Aztec culture upset many people.

a. used to pay for a letter to be mailed b. to stop something

5. The Spanish had a new interest in the Americas and wanted to the kingdom of Spain with gold.

a. curiousity b. payment for letting someone use money

6. One of the of using ships was that they could carry several tons of gold.

a. transports something b. vessels for traveling on water

On Your Own As you read “An Important Lesson,” look for multiple-meaning words and use a dictionary to determine the correct meanings for the words.

Home Activity Your child used a dictionary or a glossary to determine the meanings of multiple-meaning words. With your child, look for multiple-meaning words as you read an encyclopedia article. Use a dictionary to determine correct word meaning.

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Home Activity Your child reviewed identifying generalizations. With your child, make a generalization about a place you have visited together. Support the generalization with facts and details.

Generalize

• Sometimesauthorsgeneralize, or make a broad statement or rule, that applies to many examples. Clue words such as most, all, sometimes, always, usually, generally, seldom, and never can help to identify generalizations.

• Generalizationssupportedbyfacts,details,andlogicarecalledvalidgeneralizations.Faultygeneralizations are not supported by facts, details, and logic.


I love to visit my grandmother. She lives in a wonderful town. The people who

live in her town are always friendly. They smile and say hello when they see you. The woman at the bakery gives away cookies. The man who owns the pet store

lets you play with the iguanas for as long as you like. The woman at the bike store lets you test any bike you want as many times as you want. I can’t wait for my next visit to my grandmother’s town!

1. Which sentence in the passage contains a generalization?

2. What clue word tells you it is a generalization?

3. Is the generalization a faulty or valid generalization? Why?

4. Which details support the generalization?

On Your Own As you read “Building an Empire,” look for generalizations.

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Home Activity Your child reviewed synonyms. With your child, create a list of several challenging words from a story. Use a thesaurus to look up synonyms of these words. Discuss how the synonyms help you determine the words’ meanings.

Synonyms

• Asynonym is a word that means the same or almost the same as another word. Sometimes authors use synonyms as context clues to help you understand the meanings of unknown words.

Words to Know

burdenconformedleisuremaintenanceruralsufficienturban

Practice Read the sentences. Fill in each blank with the correct Word to Know. Underline the synonym for the Word to Know.

1. Some people choose to live in areas, or large cities with many people.

2. The basketball team felt that its two-hour practices were , but the coach

thought that they weren’t enough.

3. People who live in a area enjoy the beautiful countryside around them.

4. The Win family to the table manners of their new country, but they did

not obey the same rules about what they ate.

5. Making repairs and completing other kinds of on the tractor kept the

machine in good condition.

6. One of the activities my family enjoys doing during free time is bike

riding.

7. The of finding a new job was only one of the hardships our parents faced

when we moved to the new country.

On Your Own As you read “Building an Empire,” look for synonyms as context clues to help determine the correct meanings of words you’re not sure about.

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“An Important Lesson” DVD•363

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Prefixes Underline the word mispronounced in paragraph 2. What prefix does mispronounced have? What does the prefix mean?

What does mispronounced mean?

Author’s Purpose What do you think the author’s purpose is in writing this story?

An Important Lesson

My name is Adrianna, and I moved with my brother and mother to Texas almost a year ago. We left a small, rural fishing village

and moved to a huge urban area. There was traffic and noise, and there were lots of people in our new neighborhood. The sounds and crowds overwhelmed my mother. I, however, was completely comfortable with the noise. I loved it! I thought everything was very exciting.

Although I liked my new school, there were many new challenges and I didn’t always feel that I fit in. I had studied English at my old school, but it was sometimes difficult to understand people in Texas and I often mispronounced words. I soon learned to laugh at myself, though, and I kept trying.

One day, my friend Susie handed me a pretty blue card. I opened the card and read the words. “It’s a birthday party invitation,” Susie said. “I hope you can come. It should be lots of fun. Everyone from our class will be there.”

“Sure,” I said. “That sounds great. I can’t wait!” I had never attended a birthday party in the U.S. What do people wear? What do they do, I wondered. Just then I remembered the pink party dress I always wore in Mexico. My mother would insist I wear it. For months she had been looking for an excuse to put me in that dress with the lace and beads. I could not show up at the party looking different from everyone else. I would be disgraced. I had to figure out a way to avoid wearing that dress before my mother saw the invitation.

By the time my brother, Marco, and I were home from school, I had come up with a plan. “Hi mom!” Marco and I said in unison as we dumped our backpacks on the kitchen table.

“Not on the table. Put those in your rooms,” she scolded.

I looked around in amazement. How did she do that? She was nowhere in sight, but she knew that we were not putting something where it belonged.

“How was school?” she asked as she came into the kitchen.

“Great!” I said. “Susie invited me to her birthday party.”

Her eyes gleamed, and I could already hear the words pink dress coming out of her mouth. My brother took one look at us and retreated to his room.

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Home Activity Your child read a selection and used comprehension and vocabulary skills from Unit 6. Have him or her retell the selection and identify the author’s purpose for writing it.

DVD•364 “An Important Lesson”

Name Unit 6 Week 6 Interactive Review

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“Mom, it’s going to be a costume party. Susie said we all have to wear jeans and tee shirts.” I crossed my fingers behind my back as the lie flew out of my mouth.

“I’ve never heard of that,” my mother said suspiciously. “I’m sure you misunderstood. Young girls always wear fancy party dresses to birthday parties. Now, let’s go and get your pink dress out of the closet.”

“Mom, really, I can’t wear the dress. It would be like breaking the rules. May I just please wear jeans and a tee shirt like everyone else?”

“OK, fine,” she said finally.

I could tell that she was hurt, but the thought of the embarrassment I would feel if I had to wear that dress quickly whisked away my guilt. With renewed excitement about the party, I went to my room to start my homework.

The day of the party finally arrived. I dressed carefully in my new jeans, a green tee shirt, and a green ribbon for my hair. I walked to Susie’s door and knocked. Susie threw open the door and I could not help but stare. There she was in a long, bright red kimono with gold embroidered flowers. She must have noticed the look on my face.

“My grandmother sent the dress from Japan. She made it herself. I couldn’t hurt her feelings and not wear her present. She doesn’t understand that kids here don’t wear things like this for special occasions. Besides, I kind of like it.”

She twirled around so I could see the flowers on the back. I could feel the guilt creeping back in. I could also feel pride for my own party traditions. “Susie, I’ll be right back. I have to go home for a minute.”

Something changed for me that day. I no longer felt that I always had to fit in with my new friends. I realized that we all have families from different cultures and that it is OK to be different. We might even learn something about one another and our cultures.

Prefixes Circle the word renewed in paragraph 5. What prefix do you see in the word? What does the prefix mean?

What does the word renewed mean?

Multiple-Meaning Words What does the word present mean as it is used in paragraph 7?

What is another meaning of present?

Draw Conclusions Reread paragraph 8. What do you think Adrianna will do when she gets home?

What details from the story helped you draw that conclusion?

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Unit 6 Week 6 Interactive Review

“Building an Empire” DVD•365

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Synonyms Underline the word prolific in paragraph 1. Which word in the same sentence is a synonym for prolific?

Underline the word ideal in paragraph 2. Which word in the same sentence is a synonym for ideal?

Generalize Underline the sentence in paragraph 5 that makes a generalization.

Identify a detail in the paragraph that supports the generalization.

Unfamiliar Words Circle the word amphitheaters in paragraph 5. What do you think an amphitheater is? What context clues helped you determine a meaning for amphitheater?

Compare and Contrast How is Roman architecture similar to modern-day architecture? How is it different?

Building an Empire

The Roman Empire was one of the greatest civilizations the world has ever known. The Romans were prolific builders known for their

many complex projects. Even though the empire ended about 395 a.d., the influence of Roman architecture is seen today in modern roads, bridges, and buildings.

The Romans built roads to connect all parts of their empire. Roads made traveling from one area to the next easier and more efficient. The roads also improved communication within the wide empire. Although most of the roads are no longer in ideal condition, remains of the once-perfect Roman roads are visible today. The idea of building roads to connect people and places has continued throughout history. Imagine what life would be like without roads.

The Romans also built bridges to connect parts of their empire. Before this time, many parts of the world were not connected in any way. Suddenly, people in a village on one side of a river were able to communicate and trade with villagers on the other side. Some Roman bridges can still be seen. The Puente Alcantrara is a Roman bridge that remains standing in Spain. Today, bridges continue to be an important part of trade and communication among cities, states, and even countries.

The building of aqueducts was an important project of the Romans. They built aqueducts to bring fresh water to cities and towns. Aqueducts are bridge-like structures that carry water. The Roman civilization was one of the first to recognize the benefits of available fresh water for everyone. Before the aqueducts were built, some villages did not have access to fresh water. The aqueducts made life healthier, cleaner, and easier for many Romans.

Roman building projects were not always intended for practical use. Some projects were meant for pleasure and leisure. The Romans built amphitheatres to watch gladiator battles and other events. Even though society has changed drastically since that time, the idea of amphitheatres remains popular today. Football stadiums resemble the Roman amphitheatres.

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Home Activity Your child read a passage and used comprehension and vocabulary skills from Unit 6. Have him or her retell the passage, comparing and contrasting Roman architecture and architecture in your neighborhood.

Unit 6 Week 6 Interactive Review

DVD•366 “Building an Empire”

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Graphic Sources Look at the diagram and read the labels. How would you describe the porch?

How would you describe the pediment?

Graphic Sources Based on the diagram, what seems to be the function of the columns?

Multiple- Meaning Words Find the word column in a dictionary or glossary. What is the meaning of column as it is used in the diagram?

What is another meaning of the word column?

The Romans also built temples. The temples were places to worship and honor the gods and goddesses. The style of the temples continues to inspire people today. If you visit Washington, D.C., or the capital of your state, or even look around your neighborhood, you will see numerous examples of buildings influenced by traditional Roman architecture.

A Typical Roman Temple

pediment

arcatrave

capital

stylobate

columns

porch

frieze

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let's practice it! gr6 se

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