lessons from the little red dot final
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lessons on Water management from Singapore, water scarce nation for India to manage its water resources more judiciously for future sustainability.TRANSCRIPT
Lessons from the Little Red Dot
Observations on the effective management of water in Singapore
Singapore
Land Area 707 km2
Population 4.8 mil
Average Annual Rainfall 2,400 mm
Average Water Demand 1.6 mil m3/day
1960 19701950
Reservoirs not sufficient to supply water to population of 1 million
Water has to be imported JoharMalaysia
Rivers extremely polluted
Draught lead to severe rationing being imposed
Water supply treaties signed with Malaysia
1965-Singapore becomes independent
Master plan for Singapore River
Kallang Basin Cleanup
1990 20001980 2010
Singapore River and KallangBasin Cleanedup
PUB and MoEcommission extensive reclamation study
Singapore gets its first water reclamation plant at Bedok
Waste water gets treated to very high standards –NEWater
Achieves• 100% access to clean drinking water•100% wastewater treatment•100% metered water supply
•Sewerage Rehabilitation Program•Catchment Expansion Program•Initiated conjunctive use of water by blending NEWater in reservoirs
Singapore River – Shifting of ports activity and boats
Courtesy: Remote Sensing of Earth Observation, Urban Development of Singapore Project
Courtesy: Public Utility BoardCourtesy: Public Utility Board
Monitoring of Water Quality
• Real time monitoring of multiple water qualities. Turbidity, TOC, DOC, BOC, COD, NO3
• System Setup:
– Spectrometry Water quality sensor, Multi-parameters.
– Logging computer and wireless communication system.
– Web access and real time data publishing.
Resource: Choo Chun Keong SysEng (S) Pte Ltd
Courtesy: Public Utility Board
Integrated Water Quality Management System and Real Time Monitoring
Supply and Demand Management
Institutional Effectiveness and Political Will
Effective and Functional Legal and Regulatory Framework
R & D , Training and Technology in Water Sector
LESSONS
Supply and Demand Management
Sources of water (National Taps)
Local Catchment Imported WaterNEWaterDesalinated Water
AIMSAutomated
Mapping and Information System
Demand Management
Using Water Network Models and Water Tariff Scheme
Courtesy: Public Utility Board
Strategies to Manage Catchment Water Quality
Automated Mapping and Information System
Courtesy: Public Utility Board
Effective demand has reduced over the years !
Demand has actually gone down!
Institutional Effectiveness
“Water management institution in a country can
only be as efficient as its management of other development sectors.” – Cecilia Tortajada
Public Utility Board ( PUB) – Autonomous
– Significant political and public support
– Financially viable (PUB tapped the commercial market for S$400 million bond issue)
• Attract leading research institutes, universities, corporate labs to Singapore
• Collaborate with leading research institutes, universities, corporate labs
R &D , Training and Technology
So What?
Balancing ACT
Singapore has successfully managed to find the right balances between:
• water quantity and water quality considerations;
• water supply and water demand management;
• public sector and private sector participation;
• efficiency and equity considerations;
• strategic national interest and economic efficiency; and
• strengthening internal capacities and reliance on external sources.
India’s Journey to Clean Water ?
• Woke up to Water ‘CRISIS’ late
• Unreliable & poor quality water supply
NOT ALL IS BAD NEWS
Although Slow ,
Changes are Happening!
Thank You!
IUWM is an Integrated & Sustainable Model for Water Management
GOVERNANCEPolicy, Administration,
Community Participation
PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Water ResourcesSurface sources,
Ground water sources
Water SuppliesReliable, equitable
SanitationToilet facilities, Solid waste management
Storm Water DrainsInfrastructure,maintenance
WastewaterDomestic, Industrial
Regional domain
City domain