lesson overvie...a point on the route where the time from that point is equal in still air a point...

5/4/2016 ht.ttlms.com

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Order Template Screen1 Free Form Lesson Overview

2 Free Form Equal Time Point (ETP)

3 Single Answer Knowledge Check

4 Free Form FAA Guidance for ETP

5 Free Form ICAO Guidance for ETP


7 Free Form How ETP Is Applied


9 Free Form ETP Procedures

10 Variable Answer Knowledge Check

11 Free Form Factors that Require ETP Recomputation


13 Free Form ETP Components on a Flight Plan


15 Free Form Lesson Summary



Lesson Overview

Location: FAA: Overview of Oceanic and International Operations [CID:5101], Equal Time Point (ETP),Screen 1 [3_4_1]

Template: Free Form

In this lesson, you will learn about the role of ETP ininternational and oceanic flights.

Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:

Examine the application of ETP ininternational and oceanic flightsIdentify applicable FAA and ICAO guidanceDescribe how ETP applies to two, and threeor four engine aircraftDefine the ETP procedureIdentify Factors that require ETPrecomputationIdentify the ETP components on a Flight Plan



Equal Time Point (ETP)


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12042B Extended Operations (ETOPS and PolarOperations), defines ETP as a point on the route offlight where the flight time, considering wind, toeach of the selected airports is equal.

ETP is based on one engine out for a 2engineaircraft or 2engine loss for 3 or 4 engine aircraft.ETPs may also be computed for contingencies suchas medical divert or depressurization.

12042B Extended Operations (ETOPS andPolar Operations)

12042B Extended Operations (ETOPS and Polar Operations)

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Knowledge Check


Template: Single AnswerWhich of the following best describes the purpose of ETP in international and oceanic flights?

A point on the route where the fuel is equal from that point to either diversion airport

A point on the route where the time from that point is equal to selected airports considering winds aloft

A point on the route where the time from that point is equal in still air

A point on the route where the fuel is less than from that point to each airport

Answer Key: BCorrect Feedback: Correct. AC 12042B defines ETP as a point on the route of flight where the flight time,

considering wind, to each of the selected airports is equal.Incorrect

Feedback:Incorrect. AC 12042B defines ETP as a point on the route of flight where the flight time,considering wind, to each of the selected airports is equal.

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FAA Guidance for ETP


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There is no FAA regulatory reference to the termETP; however, the FARs do address drift downrequirements.

Select the links below to view the followingreferences:

14 CFR §121.191 Airplanes: Turbine enginepowered:En route limitations: One engine inoperative14 CFR §121.193 Airplanes: Turbine enginepowered:En route limitations: Two engines inoperativeFAA Order 8900.1 Flight StandardsInformation ManagementSystem (FSIMS) Volume 4, Chapter 6,Section 2AC 12042B Extended Operations (ETOPSand Polar Operations)AC 13542 Extended Operations (ETOPS)andOperations in the North Polar Area

14 CFR §121.191 Airplanes: Turbine enginepowered: En route limitations: One engineinoperative14 CFR §121.193 Airplanes: Turbine enginepowered: En route limitations: Two enginesinoperativeFAA Order 8900.1 Flight Standards Information Management System (FSIMS) Volume 4, Chapter 6, Section2AC 12042B Extended Operations (ETOPS and Polar Operations)AC 13542 Extended Operations (ETOPS) and Operations in the North Polar Area

14 CFR §121.191 Airplanes: Turbine engine powered: En route limitations: One engine inoperative

14 CFR §121.193 Airplanes: Turbine engine powered: En route limitations: Two engines inoperative

FAA Order 8900.1 Flight Standards Information Management System (FSIMS) Volume 4, Chapter 6, Section2

AC 12042B Extended Operations (ETOPS and Polar Operations)

AC 13542 Extended Operations (ETOPS) and Operations in the North Polar Area

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ICAO Guidance for ETP


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There is no ICAO reference to the term ETP. Instead ICAOAnnex 6 uses the term Critical Point.

Annex 6 Part I, Chapter 5.2.9Enroute one engine inoperative

Annex 6 Part I, Chapter 5.2.10Enroute two engines inoperative

Annex 6, Part 1 Chapter 6.2Engines assume to fail at the most critical pointin that portion of the route

Annex 6 Part I, Chapter 5.2.9Annex 6 Part I, Chapter 5.2.10Annex 6, Part 1 Chapter 6.2

Annex 6 Part I, Chapter 5.2.9

5.2.9 En route one engine inoperative. The aeroplane shall be able, in the event of the critical engine becominginoperative at any point along the route or planned diversions therefrom, to continue the flight to an aerodrome atwhich the Standard of 5.2.11 can be met, without flying below the minimum flight altitude at any point.

Annex 6 Part I, Chapter 5.2.10

5.2.10 En route two engines inoperative. In the case of aeroplanes having three or more engines, on any part of aroute where the location of enroute alternate aerodromes and the total duration of the flight are such that theprobability of a second engine becoming inoperative must be allowed for if the general level of safety implied by theStandards of this chapter is to be maintained, the aeroplane shall be able, in the event of any two enginesbecoming inoperative, to continue the flight to an enroute alternate aerodrome and land.

Annex 6, Part 1 Chapter 6.2

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Knowledge Check


Template: Single AnswerICAO Annex 6 refers to ________ at the point at which the engine fails along the route.

A Point of Equal Time

An Equal Time Point

The Critical Point

Point of No Return

Answer Key: CCorrect Feedback: Correct. ICAO guidance commonly refers to enroute engine failure as the critical point.

IncorrectFeedback:

Incorrect. ICAO guidance commonly refers to enroute engine failure as the criticalpoint.




How ETP Is Applied


Template: Free Form

Select each of the pictures below to learn about how ETP is applied in oceanic operations. When you are finished,select NEXT to continue.

How ETP applies to three or four Engine AircraftHow ETP applies to two Engine Aircraft

How ETP applies to three or four Engine Aircraft

2 engine aircraft There's no requirement for an ETP under Part 121, however an aircraft must remain within 60minutes of an adequate airport with one engine inoperative. Operations greater than 60 minutes from an adequateairport require ETOPS authorization.

3 or 4 engine aircraft §121.193 Airplanes Turbine engine powered: En route limitations: Two engines inoperativerequires a 3 and 4 engine aircraft to remain within 90 minutes of an adequate airport. Operations beyond 90 minutesmust calculate an ETP based on the most critical point between two alternate aerodromes.

How ETP applies to two Engine Aircraft

ETP must be calculated beyond 60 minutes of an airport considering single engine failure, and landing at a suitableairport.

§135.183 Performance requirements: Land aircraft operated over water requires the aircraft is operating at analtitude that allows it to reach land in the case of an engine failure.

§135.381 Large Transport Turbine Engine Powered Aircraft Enroute Limitations: Oneengine Inoperative

§135.383 Large Transport Turbine Engine Powered Aircraft Enroute Limitations: Twoengines Inoperative

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Knowledge Check


Template: Single AnswerWhich of the following best describes how ETP applies to three or four engine aircraft?

A suitable airport is required and ETP must be calculated beyond 45 minutes of an airport


An alternate airport is required and ETP must be calculated beyond 90 minutes of an adequate airport


Answer Key: CCorrect Feedback: Correct. An alternate airport is required and ETP must be calculated beyond 90 minutes

of an adequate airport.Incorrect

Feedback:Incorrect. An alternate airport is required and ETP must be calculated beyond 90minutes of an adequate airport.



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ETP Procedures


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For twoengine aircraft, if you lose an engineprior to the ETP, you must return to an airportbehind you.

For twoengine aircraft, if you lose an engineafter the ETP, you must continue to an airportahead of you.

For aircraft with more than two engines, if youlose more than one engine prior to the ETP, youmust return to an airport behind you.

For aircraft with more than two engines, if youlose more than one engine after the ETP, youmust continue to the airport ahead you.

Clarification of ETP will require research intopolicy letters and performance issues.Consultation with the Regional NextGen OceanicSpecialist in coordination with a DispatcherInspector Specialist is required to ensurecalculations are accurate.



Knowledge Check


Template: Variable AnswerWhich of the following describes ETP procedures for 2 engine aircraft?

Check All That Apply:If you lose an engine prior to the ETP, you must return to an airport ahead of you.If you lose an engine prior to the ETP, you must return to the nearest ETP alternate.If you lose an engine after the ETP, you must continue to the nearest ETP alternate.If you lose an engine after the ETP, you must continue to an airport behind you.

Score

Answer Key: 2,3Correct Feedback: Correct. For twoengine aircraft, if you lose an engine prior to the ETP, you must return

to the nearest ETP alternate, and if you lose an engine after the ETP, you must continueto the nearest ETP alternate.

IncorrectFeedback:

Incorrect. For twoengine aircraft, if you lose an engine prior to the ETP, you mustreturn to the nearest ETP alternate, and if you lose an engine after the ETP, you mustcontinue to the nearest ETP alternate.



Factors that Require ETP Recomputation


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ETP recomputation may be required if any of thefactors below have occurred:

The operator has been reroutedThe aircraft experiences a system orcomponent failure inflight which may affectthe route flownETP alternate airport is no longer availableActual en route winds are significantlydifferent from the forecast winds (wind bust)

For example, an aircraft flying in NAT is given asignificant reroute. The operator must have aprocedure to recalculate ETPs if the rerouteinvalidates the ETPs.

Safe operating practice requires an operator torecalculate ETP whenever the actual time enrouteis anticipated to exceed the estimated time enrouteby more than 15 minutes.



Knowledge Check


Template: Single AnswerWhich of the following scenarios does NOT require a recalculation of the ETP?

The Aircraft experience a mechanical problem and is unable to continue on the route or altitude flown.

The winds aloft are significantly higher or lower than forecasted when the original ETP was calculated.

While enroute from San Francisco to Tokyo, a passenger suffers an apparent heart attack and a decision ismade to divert.

None of the above

Answer Key: CCorrect Feedback: Correct. ETP recomputation may be required if any of these have occurred: the aircraft

experiences a system or component failure inflight which may affect the route flown orthe actual enroute winds are significantly different from the forecast winds (wind bust).

IncorrectFeedback:

Incorrect. ETP recomputation may be required if any of these have occurred: the aircraftexperiences a system or component failure inflight which may affect the route flown orthe actual enroute winds are significantly different from the forecast winds (wind bust).




ETP Components on a Flight Plan


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As an ASI, you should be reviewing the accuracy ofETP information on a computer Flight Plan. It is agood idea to review the following:

Appropriate ETP airports for the city pairAdequate time enroute for those ETPairportsCorrect winds were used to compute thetimes enrouteEnough fuel to return to or continue to theETP airportCorrect altitudes or flight levels were used tocompute the ETPs



Knowledge Check


Template: Single AnswerWhich one of the following pictures showsthe area on the Flight Plan that identifiesETP information?

Flight Plan Area 1

Flight Plan Area 2

Flight Plan Area 3

Flight Plan Area 4

Answer Key: ACorrect Feedback: Correct. Flight Plan Area 1 is the area on the Flight Plan where you'll find ETP

information.Incorrect

Feedback:Incorrect. Flight Plan Area 1 is the area on the Flight Plan where you'll find ETPinformation.




Lesson Summary


Template: Free Form

In this lesson, you learned about the role of ETP ininternational and oceanic flights.

You should now be able to:

Examine the application of ETP ininternational and oceanic flightsIdentify Applicable FAA and ICAO GuidanceDescribe how ETP applies to two, and threeor four engine aircraftDefine the ETP ProcedureIdentify Factors that require ETPrecomputationIdentify the ETP components on a Flight Plan

lesson overvie...a point on the route where the time from that point is equal in still air a point...

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